CN114181022B - Preparation method and drying device of carbon-based silicon fertilizer - Google Patents

Preparation method and drying device of carbon-based silicon fertilizer Download PDF

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CN114181022B
CN114181022B CN202111593916.9A CN202111593916A CN114181022B CN 114181022 B CN114181022 B CN 114181022B CN 202111593916 A CN202111593916 A CN 202111593916A CN 114181022 B CN114181022 B CN 114181022B
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drying
carbon
fertilizer
mixture
drying device
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CN114181022A (en
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石维
程东娟
王利书
郭海刚
武海霞
宋福如
宋利强
宋志强
宋聚强
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Hebei University of Engineering
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D5/00—Fertilisers containing magnesium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
    • C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/001—Drying-air generating units, e.g. movable, independent of drying enclosure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/004—Nozzle assemblies; Air knives; Air distributors; Blow boxes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
    • F26B25/001—Handling, e.g. loading or unloading arrangements
    • F26B25/002—Handling, e.g. loading or unloading arrangements for bulk goods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
    • F26B25/04—Agitating, stirring, or scraping devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
    • F26B25/06—Chambers, containers, or receptacles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
    • F26B25/06—Chambers, containers, or receptacles
    • F26B25/14—Chambers, containers, receptacles of simple construction
    • F26B25/18—Chambers, containers, receptacles of simple construction mainly open, e.g. dish, tray, pan, rack
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B9/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards
    • F26B9/06—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards in stationary drums or chambers
    • F26B9/066—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards in stationary drums or chambers the products to be dried being disposed on one or more containers, which may have at least partly gas-previous walls, e.g. trays or shelves in a stack
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B2200/00—Drying processes and machines for solid materials characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
    • F26B2200/08—Granular materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B2200/00—Drying processes and machines for solid materials characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
    • F26B2200/12—Manure

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method and a drying device of a carbon-based silicon fertilizer, wherein the carbon-based silicon fertilizer comprises 15-30% of wheat straw carbon, 35-50% of organosilicon water-soluble fertilizer, 5-8% of sepiolite and 15-25% of bentonite by mass, and the processing steps comprise: prepare first mixture, preparation second mixture, mix two kinds of mixtures, add mixed liquid, granulation, stoving, drying device includes the workstation, the workstation top is equipped with reinforced stoving mechanism, and reinforced stoving mechanism includes the stoving case, stoving case lower extreme fixed mounting is on the workstation upper surface, and reinforced stoving mechanism one side is equipped with the collection mechanism, and the collection mechanism is including collecting the passageway, and collection passageway fixed mounting is in stoving case one side. The carbon-based silicon fertilizer has the beneficial effects that the salt elution efficiency of the saline-alkali soil is obviously improved, the elution of sodium ions is particularly increased, and the water holding capacity of the saline-alkali soil is promoted; by using the drying device, fertilizer particles can be automatically dried and collected, and the working efficiency is improved.

Description

Preparation method and drying device of carbon-based silicon fertilizer
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of carbon-based silicon fertilizers, in particular to a preparation method and a drying device of a carbon-based silicon fertilizer.
Background
At present, the problems of soil salinization and secondary salinization become resource restriction factors of the sustainable development of the world irrigation agriculture, and the development, treatment and improvement of saline-alkali soil are always the key points of concern of all countries in the world. In China, saline-alkali soil occupies a large area and is wide in distribution range. The ecological environment of the saline-alkali soil region is very fragile, and the deterioration of the local ecological environment is easily caused by improper development and utilization, so how to develop and utilize the saline-alkali soil resource becomes an important subject to be solved currently and in the future.
The organic silicon water soluble fertilizer (OSi) is a saline-alkali soil conditioner based on organic silicon, is a novel silicon fertilizer, can promote soil aggregation and improve the soil structure, and has to be researched for the salt elution of saline-alkali soil. The Biomass Charcoal (BC) is a stable carbon-rich product formed by pyrolyzing biomass such as agricultural and forestry waste organic matters and the like under the conditions of limited oxygen and low temperature (< 700 ℃). The biomass carbon has the characteristics of high carbon content, rich pore structure, large specific surface area, rich (or adsorbable) organic functional groups on the surface, stable physicochemical property and the like. Therefore, the carbon-based silicon fertilizer prepared by mixing and granulating the biomass carbon, the clay mineral and the organic silicon water-soluble fertilizer is a very meaningful research direction for improving the desalting effect, promoting the water retention of soil, increasing the carbon fixation of the soil and reducing the treatment cost of the saline-alkali soil, and can perfect related research results and provide a reference for the treatment of the saline-alkali soil.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method and a drying device of a carbon-based silicon fertilizer, which are used for improving saline-alkali soil and are convenient for drying the fertilizer.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a carbon-based silicon fertilizer comprises 15-30% of wheat straw carbon, 35-50% of organic silicon water-soluble fertilizer, 5-8% of sepiolite and 15-25% of bentonite by mass, and the processing steps comprise: preparing a first mixture, preparing a second mixture, mixing the two mixtures, adding a mixed solution, granulating and drying;
step one, preparing a first mixture: putting the wheat straw carbon and the organic silicon water-soluble fertilizer into a granulation disc, and fully and uniformly mixing to prepare a first mixture;
step two, preparing a second mixture: sufficiently and uniformly mixing bentonite and a part of sepiolite to prepare a second mixture;
step three, mixing the two mixtures: adding the second mixture prepared in the second step into a granulating disc, and uniformly mixing the first mixture and the second mixture;
step four, adding mixed liquid: mixing wood vinegar and water according to the mass ratio of 1:200, uniformly stirring, and spraying the mixed solution into a granulation disc by using a sprayer when the two mixed materials in the third step are mixed;
step five, granulation: after the mixture is agglomerated and granulated, uniformly scattering sepiolite on the mixture, and continuing granulating until complete granules are formed;
step six, drying: and putting the manufactured fertilizer particles into a drying device for drying.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, the wheat straw charcoal in the step one is a solid product of wheat straws at the thermal cracking temperature of 450 ℃ under the condition of oxygen limitation, and the particle size of the wheat straw charcoal is 1 mm.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, the particle size of the bentonite in the second step is 0.15mm, and the particle size of the sepiolite in the second step is 0.15 mm.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, the pyroligneous liquor in the fourth step is generated in the process of preparing the wheat straw charcoal, and the pH value of the pyroligneous liquor is 4.3.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, in the step five, the particle size of the sepiolite is 0.15mm, and the particle size of the fertilizer produced in the step five is 2-5 mm.
As an improvement of the above technical scheme, the fertilizer granules manufactured in the sixth step are dried in a drying device for 3-5 hours, and the drying temperature of the drying device is 60 ℃.
A drying device comprises a workbench, a feeding and drying mechanism is arranged above the workbench and comprises a drying box, the lower end of the drying box is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the workbench, a collecting mechanism is arranged on one side of the feeding and drying mechanism and comprises a collecting channel, the collecting channel is fixedly arranged on one side of the drying box,
the feeding and drying mechanism comprises a lifting platform positioned on one side above a workbench, a granulator is arranged on the upper surface of the lifting platform, two L-shaped fixed platforms are arranged on the rear side of the lifting platform, the lower ends of the L-shaped fixed platforms are arranged on the upper surface of the workbench, a threaded through hole is formed in one side of the lifting platform, a servo motor is arranged on one side of the upper surface of the workbench, the rotating end of the servo motor is connected with a rotating screw rod through a coupler, the upper end of the rotating screw rod penetrates through the threaded through hole and extends to the upper part of the lifting platform, a screw rod bearing is arranged at the upper end of the rotating screw rod, the screw rod bearing is fixedly arranged on one L-shaped fixed platform, a guide hole is formed in one side of the lifting platform, a guide rod is arranged in the guide hole, the lower end of the guide rod is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the workbench, the upper end of the guide rod is connected with the other L-shaped fixed platform, a plurality of separating platforms are arranged in the drying box, the separating platforms divide the drying box into a plurality of drying spaces, and a movable plate is arranged in the drying space, guide blocks are arranged on two sides of the lower surface of a movable plate, guide slideways are arranged on two sides in a drying space, one end of each guide block is positioned in each guide slideway, fixed plates are arranged on two sides of the upper surface of the movable plate, a protection plate is arranged on the front side of the movable plate, a heating box is arranged on one side of the upper surface of a workbench, a constant-temperature heater is arranged in the heating box, an air suction pump is arranged in the heating box, a button valve is arranged on one side in the drying space, a multi-way pipe is arranged at the outlet end of the air suction pump, a plurality of outlet ends of the multi-way pipe extend into the drying box to be connected with the button valve, a pressing column is arranged on one side of the upper surface of the movable plate, a hydraulic telescopic rod is arranged in the drying space, the fixed end of the hydraulic telescopic rod is fixedly arranged on the surface of one side in the drying box, the telescopic end of the hydraulic telescopic rod is connected with one side of the lower surface of the movable plate, a plurality of support rods are arranged at the lower end of the support rod, and the lower end of the support rod is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of a separation table, a plurality of pneumatic cylinders are installed to workstation upper surface one side, pneumatic cylinder and stoving space one-to-one, pneumatic cylinder oil outlet end is through leading oil pipe and hydraulic telescoping rod inlet connection, be equipped with the movable piston in the pneumatic cylinder, movable piston one side surface mounting has the carriage release lever, the expansion plate is installed to carriage release lever one end, expansion plate and pneumatic cylinder front side are through a plurality of expanding spring connection, there is the dwang on expansion plate one side surface through hinge connection, the pulley is installed to dwang one end, the dwang below is equipped with the interception pole, interception pole one end and expansion plate one side surface connection, elevating platform one side surface mounting has the tiltboard, movable plate surface mounting has the vibrator.
Further, collect the mechanism including the discharge gate that is located stoving space one side, the slope stock guide is installed to the discharge gate upper end, there is the rotor plate upper end through hinge connection in the stoving space, rotor plate one side is equipped with reset spring, reset spring fixed mounting is upper end in the stoving space, the metal connecting block is installed at rotor plate one side surface both ends, a plurality of permanent magnets are installed to the upper end in the stoving space, the guard plate front side is installed and is promoted the piece, the slope stock guide passageway is installed to the collection passageway lower extreme, the subaerial collecting box that has placed of workstation one side, the collecting box is located slope stock guide passageway lower extreme.
Furthermore, the upper surface of the separation table is an inclined surface, one side of the separation table close to the collection channel is lower, and one side of the separation table far away from the collection channel is higher.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the biomass charcoal is derived from natural wheat straws, the clay minerals are free of any toxicity, the production method is simple, the processed fertilizer can be independently used as a fertilizer, can also be used as a conditioner and mixed with other fertilizers, and is a green and environment-friendly charcoal-based silicon fertilizer conditioner. All raw materials are easy to obtain, the cost is low, in addition, the production process of the carbon-based silicon fertilizer disc granulation is simple, and the popularization and the application are facilitated, the salt elution efficiency of the saline-alkali soil is obviously improved by the carbon-based silicon fertilizer, the elution of sodium ions is particularly increased, and the water holding capacity of the saline-alkali soil is promoted;
when the drying device is used, the granulator can move up and down, when the granulator moves up and down, the movable plate can be moved out of the drying space, and the movable plate can also be moved into the drying space, so that fertilizer particles processed by the granulator can be placed on the movable plate in different drying spaces, and can be automatically moved into the drying space, so that the fertilizer particles can be conveniently dried, and because the drying temperature is not high, the fertilizer particles need longer drying time, and through the design of a plurality of layers of drying spaces, the granulator does not need to wait, after the granulator finishes granulation, next granulation can be directly started, and the fertilizer particles are placed in the next drying space, after one cycle is finished, the granulator moves to the uppermost end, so that the movable plate with the uppermost dried fertilizer particles can be moved out, and the fertilizer particles are automatically collected, and then new fertilizer particles are added, the working efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a preparation method of a carbon-based silicon fertilizer according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a bar graph of total leaching of soil salinity by different conditioner treatments according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a bar graph of total Na + eluviation for different conditioner treatments according to the invention;
FIG. 4 is a bar graph of the residual total salt content of different treated soils after leaching of the soil column of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the effect of different conditioner applications of the present invention on soil moisture profile;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a drying apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 6 at A;
fig. 8 is a partial enlarged view at B in fig. 6;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the positional relationship of the tilting table and the hydraulic cylinder according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 9 at C;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing a positional relationship between a drying box and a drying space according to the present invention;
FIG. 12 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 11 at D;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view showing the connection relationship between the metal connecting block and the permanent magnet according to the present invention;
in the figure, 1, a workbench; 2. a drying box; 3. a collection channel; 4. a lifting platform; 5. an L-shaped fixed table; 6. a threaded through hole; 7. a servo motor; 8. rotating the screw; 9. a screw bearing; 10. a guide hole; 11. a guide bar; 12. a separating table; 13. a drying space; 14. moving the plate; 15. a guide block; 16. a guide slide way; 17. a fixing plate; 18. a protection plate; 19. a heating box; 20. a constant temperature heater; 21. an air pump; 22. a push button valve; 23. a multi-pass tube; 24. pressing the column; 25. a hydraulic telescopic rod; 26. a support bar; 27. a hydraulic cylinder; 28. an oil guide pipe; 29. moving the piston; 30. a travel bar; 31. a retractable plate; 32. a tension spring; 33. rotating the rod; 34. a pulley; 35. a catch bar; 36. a tilting table; 37. a vibrator; 38. a discharge port; 39. inclining the material guide plate; 40. a rotating plate; 41. a return spring; 42. a metal connecting block; 43. a permanent magnet; 44. a pushing block; 45. inclining the material guide channel; 46. and a collection box.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples:
a preparation method of a carbon-based silicon fertilizer comprises 15-30% of wheat straw carbon, 35-50% of organic silicon water-soluble fertilizer, 5-8% of sepiolite and 15-25% of bentonite by mass, and the processing steps comprise: preparing a first mixture, preparing a second mixture, mixing the two mixtures, adding a mixed solution, granulating and drying;
step one, preparing a first mixture: putting the wheat straw carbon and the organic silicon water-soluble fertilizer into a granulation disc, and fully and uniformly mixing to prepare a first mixture;
step two, preparing a second mixture: sufficiently and uniformly mixing bentonite and a part of sepiolite to prepare a second mixture;
step three, mixing the two mixtures: adding the second mixture manufactured in the step two into a granulating disc, and uniformly mixing the first mixture and the second mixture;
step four, adding mixed liquid: mixing wood vinegar and water according to the mass ratio of 1:200, uniformly stirring, and spraying the mixed solution into a granulation disc by using a sprayer when the two mixed materials in the third step are mixed;
step five, granulation: after the mixture is agglomerated and granulated, uniformly scattering sepiolite on the mixture, and continuing granulating until complete granules are formed;
step six, drying: and putting the manufactured fertilizer particles into a drying device for drying.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, the wheat straw charcoal in the step one is a solid product of wheat straws at the thermal cracking temperature of 450 ℃ under the condition of oxygen limitation, and the particle size of the wheat straw charcoal is 1 mm.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, the particle size of the bentonite in the second step is 0.15mm, and the particle size of the sepiolite in the second step is 0.15 mm.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, the pyroligneous liquor in the fourth step is generated in the process of preparing the wheat straw charcoal, and the pH value of the wood vinegar is 4.3.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, in the fifth step, the particle size of the sepiolite is 0.15mm, and the particle size of the fertilizer produced in the fifth step is 2-5 mm.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, the fertilizer granules manufactured in the step six are dried in a drying device for 3-5 hours, and the drying temperature of the drying device is 60 ℃.
Specifically, taking a preparation method of the carbon-based silicon fertilizer as an example, the first preferable step is completely:
step 1, taking 27 parts by weight of wheat straw charcoal, drying in an oven at a set temperature of 80 ℃ for 5 hours, crushing, and screening through a 20-mesh sieve;
step 2, taking 40 parts by weight of organic silicon water-soluble fertilizer, and putting the organic silicon water-soluble fertilizer and the wheat straw charcoal into a granulator to be fully and uniformly mixed to obtain a first mixture;
step 3, taking 3 parts by weight of sepiolite and 25 parts by weight of bentonite, fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a second mixture, and then fully mixing the second mixture with the first mixture obtained in the step 2 to obtain a third mixture;
step 4, mixing the wood vinegar and water according to the weight ratio of 1:200, uniformly stirring to form a mixed solution, and spraying the mixed solution on a third mixture in a granulator;
step 5, after the mixture is agglomerated and granulated, uniformly scattering 5 parts by weight of sepiolite on the mixture, continuously granulating until complete granules are formed, sieving the obtained carbon-based silicon fertilizer, and finally obtaining the carbon-based silicon fertilizer with the granule size of 2 mm;
and 6, putting the manufactured fertilizer particles into a drying device, drying for 3 hours by using the drying device, wherein the drying temperature of the drying device is 60 ℃, and then collecting the fertilizer.
The second preferred step is entirely:
step 1, drying 30 parts by weight of wheat straw charcoal in an oven, setting the temperature at 80 ℃ and the drying time at 4 hours, crushing the wheat straw charcoal, and screening the crushed wheat straw charcoal through a 20-mesh sieve;
step 2, taking 42 parts by weight of organic silicon water-soluble fertilizer, and putting the organic silicon water-soluble fertilizer and the wheat straw charcoal into a granulator to be fully and uniformly mixed to obtain a first mixture;
step 3, taking 3 parts by weight of sepiolite and 21 parts by weight of bentonite, fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a second mixture, and then fully mixing the second mixture with the first mixture obtained in the step 2 to obtain a third mixture;
step 4, mixing the wood vinegar and water according to the weight ratio of 1:200, uniformly stirring to form a mixed solution, and spraying the mixed solution on a third mixture in a granulator;
step 5, after the mixture is agglomerated and granulated, uniformly scattering 4 parts by weight of sepiolite on the mixture, continuously granulating until complete granules are formed, and sieving the obtained carbon-based silicon fertilizer to finally obtain carbon-based urea granules with the size of 4 mm;
and 6, putting the manufactured fertilizer particles into a drying device, drying for 4 hours by using the drying device, wherein the drying temperature of the drying device is 60 ℃, and then collecting the fertilizer.
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to specific experiments:
the soil column experiment is carried out in a laboratory from 9 months to 12 months 2020, the leaching experiment soil column material is a transparent PVC pipe with the length of 30cm and the inner diameter of 5cm, the lower end of the pipe is provided with a pore bottom cover, leaching solution is drained to a volumetric flask through nylon filter cloth and collected, the bottom of the PVC pipe adopts a layer of 100-mesh nylon filter cloth, and 20g of acid-washed quartz sand is paved on the filter cloth.
Treating the soil column leaching test: according to the volume of the soil columns and the volume weight of the soil in the field, each soil column is filled with compacted soil which is obtained by fully and uniformly mixing 300g of saline-alkali soil (the physical and chemical properties are shown in table 1) and 0.6g of conditioner, and the volume weight of the compacted soil is 1.3g/cm3And finally, the acid-washed quartz sand is paved by about 20 g. During the soil compaction process, attention needs to be paid to the edge soil compaction so as to reduce the pipe wall effect. The soil column experiment is used for comparing the salt elution effects of different conditioners on saline-alkali soil, and comprises an organic silicon water-soluble fertilizer (Osi), an organic silicon-carbon-based conditioner (Osi-BC), Biomass Charcoal (BC) and an organic silicon functional fertilizer (OsiF), meanwhile, the control treatment (CK) without adding the conditioner is set, and each treatment is repeated for 3 times.
TABLE 1 physicochemical Properties of the soil tested
pH Conductivity (ms/cm) Total salt content (%) Volume weight (g/cm)3）
Saline-alkali soil 8.7 4.13 1.91 1.43
Adding certain RO water (deionized water) at the beginning of leaching to enable the soil to reach a water saturation state, and carrying out leaching test by 7 times, wherein the water filling amount is 100ml each time, and the leaching interval is 1 day each time. After each water filling, the leaching solution leaks completely to form a complete water sample, and the leaching solution is collected in a 250ml volumetric flask. The collected percolate is refrigerated and stored after being filtered by a filter membrane of 0.45 mu m. And (4) leaching for 6 times, then taking a soil sample in a layering manner, taking out the sample, freezing and storing, and measuring in time. Respectively measuring pH, conductivity and K of the percolate+、Ca2+、Na+、Mg2+、Cl-、F-、SO4 2-、NH4 +、NO3 -The ion concentration of (2).
The soil column test results show that the salt leaching total amount under the Osi-BC treatment is increased to the highest degree (13.68 percent) compared with the CK treatment (compared with the blank control treatment), the salt leaching total amount is obviously higher than that under the BC treatment and the OsiF treatment, and meanwhile, the soil total salt amount results are consistent with the results (figure 2). Meanwhile, the Osi-BC treatment has the best elution effect on saline-alkali soil cations, the ion content is obviously increased compared with that of blank control treatment, and the Na + content is increased by 31.14%. (FIG. 3). After the leaching of the soil column is finished, the total salt content of the saline-alkali soil after the input treatment of the Osi-BC is obviously lower than that of CK and BC (figure 4). Furthermore, from the results of the soil moisture characteristics, it was found that Osi-BC has an accelerating effect on the retention of saline-alkali soil (fig. 5).
In conclusion, it can be seen that the Osi-BC prepared from biomass charcoal and Osi pellets have a synergistic effect on elution of salts, and also contribute to soil water retention.
Therefore, the method for preparing the carbon-based silicon fertilizer by the interaction of the biomass carbon and the organic silicon has the advantages that the synergistic effect of eluting the salt is achieved, the elution of the biomass carbon and the Osi to the salt is effectively optimized, the elution of sodium ions is particularly promoted, and meanwhile, the water retention of soil and the increase of soil carbon fixation are facilitated. The preparation method is simple, and the conditioner is a green and environment-friendly saline-alkali soil conditioner.
A drying apparatus is described in detail below with reference to fig. 6-13:
a drying device comprises a workbench 1, a feeding and drying mechanism is arranged above the workbench 1, the feeding and drying mechanism comprises a drying box 2, the lower end of the drying box 2 is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the workbench 1, a collecting mechanism is arranged on one side of the feeding and drying mechanism, the collecting mechanism comprises a collecting channel 3, the collecting channel 3 is fixedly arranged on one side of the drying box 2,
the feeding and drying mechanism comprises a lifting platform 4 positioned on one side above a workbench 1, a granulator is arranged on the upper surface of the lifting platform 4, two L-shaped fixing platforms 5 are arranged on the rear side of the lifting platform 4, the lower ends of the L-shaped fixing platforms 5 are arranged on the upper surface of the workbench 1, a threaded through hole 6 is formed in one side of the lifting platform 4, a servo motor 7 is arranged on one side of the upper surface of the workbench 1, the rotating end of the servo motor 7 is connected with a rotating screw 8 through a coupler, the upper end of the rotating screw 8 penetrates through the threaded through hole 6 and extends to the upper part of the lifting platform 4, a screw bearing 9 is arranged at the upper end of the rotating screw 8, the screw bearing 9 is fixedly arranged on one L-shaped fixing platform 5, a guide hole 10 is formed in one side of the lifting platform 4, a guide rod 11 is arranged in the guide hole 10, the lower end of the guide rod 11 is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the workbench 1, the upper end of the guide rod 11 is connected with the other L-shaped fixing platform 5, a plurality of separating platforms 12 are arranged in a drying box 2, the partition table 12 divides the drying box 2 into a plurality of drying spaces 13, a movable plate 14 is arranged in each drying space 13, guide blocks 15 are arranged on two sides of the lower surface of each movable plate 14, guide slideways 16 are arranged on two sides in each drying space 13, one end of each guide block 15 is positioned in each guide slideway 16, fixing plates 17 are arranged on two sides of the upper surface of each movable plate 14, a protection plate 18 is arranged on the front side of each movable plate 14, a heating box 19 is arranged on one side of the upper surface of the workbench 1, a constant-temperature heater 20 is arranged in each heating box 19, an air suction pump 21 is arranged in each heating box 19, a button valve 22 is arranged on one side in each drying space 13, a multi-way pipe 23 is arranged at the outlet end of each air suction pump 21, a plurality of outlet ends of the multi-way pipes 23 extend into the drying box 2 to be connected with the button valves 22, a pressing column 24 is arranged on one side of the upper surface of each drying space 13, a hydraulic telescopic rod 25 is fixedly arranged on one side surface in the drying box 2, the telescopic end of a hydraulic telescopic rod 25 is connected with one side of the lower surface of a movable plate 14, a plurality of support rods 26 are arranged at the lower end of the hydraulic telescopic rod 25, the lower end of each support rod 26 is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of a separation table 12, a plurality of hydraulic cylinders 27 are arranged on one side of the upper surface of a workbench 1, the hydraulic cylinders 27 correspond to the drying space 13 one by one, the oil outlet end of each hydraulic cylinder 27 is connected with the inlet end of the hydraulic telescopic rod 25 through an oil guide pipe 28, a movable piston 29 is arranged in each hydraulic cylinder 27, a movable rod 30 is arranged on the surface of one side of each movable piston 29, a telescopic plate 31 is arranged at one end of each movable rod 30, the telescopic plates 31 are connected with the front sides of the hydraulic cylinders 27 through a plurality of telescopic springs 32, a rotating rod 33 is connected with one side surface of each telescopic plate 31 through hinges, a pulley 34 is arranged at one end of each rotating rod 33, a blocking rod 35 is arranged below each rotating rod 35, one end of each blocking rod 35 is connected with the surface of one side of each telescopic plate 31, and an inclined table 36 is arranged on one side of each lifting table 4, the vibrator 37 is attached to the lower surface of the moving plate 14.
Further, collect the mechanism including the discharge gate 38 that is located stoving space 13 one side, slope stock guide 39 is installed to discharge gate 38 upper end, there is rotating plate 40 upper end in the stoving space 13 through hinge connection, rotating plate 40 one side is equipped with reset spring 41, reset spring 41 fixed mounting is upper end in the stoving space 13, metal connecting block 42 is installed at rotating plate 40 one side surface both ends, a plurality of permanent magnets 43 are installed to upper end in the stoving space 13, 18 front sides of protection plates are installed and are promoted piece 44, slope stock guide passageway 45 is installed to 3 lower extremes of collection passageway, workstation 1 one side subaerial has placed collecting box 46, collecting box 46 is located slope stock guide passageway 45 lower extreme.
Further, the upper surface of the partition table 12 is an inclined surface, the side of the partition table 12 close to the collecting channel 3 is lower, and the side of the partition table 12 far from the collecting channel 3 is higher.
The method in the application document is adopted to manufacture the carbon-based silicon fertilizer, and when the carbon-based silicon fertilizer needs to be dried; with the drying device in this document, the following simple explanation is made using the principle: under normal conditions, the lifting platform 4 is located at the highest position, all the moving plates 14 are located in the drying space 13, the moving plates 14 can push the pressing columns 24 to one side of the buttons of the button valves 22, then the button valves 22 can be opened, the constant temperature heater 20 is started to heat air, so that the temperature in the heating box 19 rises, the air suction pump 21 is started, the air suction pump 21 can suck hot air in the heating box 19, the hot air can be sent into the drying space 13 through the multi-way pipe 23 and the button valves 22 and heat the drying space 13,
the raw materials are put into a granulator by a worker for mixing and granulation, when discharging, the servo motor 7 is started to rotate in the positive direction, the servo motor 7 can drive the rotary screw 8 to rotate, the rotary screw 8 is connected with the thread through hole 6 through threads, the lifting platform 4 can move downwards, the guide rod 11 and the guide hole 10 can prevent the lifting platform 4 from rotating and ensure the moving direction of the lifting platform 4, when the lifting platform 4 moves downwards, the inclined platform 36 can be driven to move downwards, when the inclined platform 36 moves downwards to one side of the uppermost hydraulic cylinder 27, the inclined surface of the inclined platform 36 can push the pulley 34 downwards, the lower end of the rotary rod 33 is blocked by the blocking rod 35 and cannot rotate downwards around a hinge, and further the pulley 34, the rotary rod 33, the telescopic plate 31, the moving rod 30 and the moving piston 29 can move towards the inner side of the hydraulic cylinder 27 and compress the telescopic spring 32, when the moving piston 29 moves towards the inner side of the hydraulic cylinder 27, the hydraulic oil in the uppermost hydraulic cylinder 27 can be pushed into the uppermost telescopic hydraulic rod 25 through the connection of the oil guide pipe 28, so that the telescopic hydraulic rod 25 can be extended, the telescopic hydraulic rod 25 can push the moving plate 14 in the uppermost drying space 13 towards the outer side, the guide block 15 and the guide slideway 16 can ensure the moving direction of the moving plate 14, when the moving plate 14 moves towards the outer side, the pressing column 24 can be driven to move towards the outer side, the pressing column 24 does not press the button valve 22, the button valve 22 is automatically closed, hot air does not move towards the drying space 13 any more, hot air leakage can be prevented, when the moving plate 14 moves towards the outer side, the pressing column 24 touches the rotating plate 40 from the inner side and pushes the rotating plate 40 to rotate around the hinge, the rotating plate 40 rotates after compressing the return spring 41, after the pressing column 24 moves from the rotating plate 40 side, under the action of the elastic force of the return spring 41, the rotating plate 40 can be pushed back to the original position, at the moment, the right-angle edge of the inclined table 36 moves to one side of the pulley 34, the servo motor 7 is turned off, the pulley 34 does not move any more, the movable plate 14 stops after moving to the outer side of the drying space 13, the granulator discharges raw materials onto the movable plate 14 after granulating, the vibrator 37 is started to evenly spread fertilizer particles on the movable plate 14, the rotating plate 40, the protective plate 18 and the fixed plate 17 can block the fertilizer particles to prevent the fertilizer particles from falling off, after a period of time, the vibrator 37 is turned off,
after the granulation is finished, the servo motor 7 is started to rotate forward continuously, the lifting platform 4 can be driven downwards, after the inclined platform 36 moves to the position below the pulley 34, the servo motor 7 is closed, the expansion plate 31 can be pushed back to the original position under the action of the elastic force of the expansion spring 32, the movable piston 29 is pulled to move towards the outer side of the hydraulic cylinder 27, at the moment, the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic expansion rod 25 can be pumped into the hydraulic cylinder 27 through the oil guide pipe 28, the movable plate 14 can be pulled towards the inner side of the drying space 13 through the hydraulic expansion rod 25, when the movable plate 14 moves, the pressing column 24 firstly contacts the outer side of the rotating plate 40 and pushes the rotating plate 40 inwards, the rotating plate 40 can rotate around the hinge, when the pressing column 24 moves from the position below the rotating plate 40, the metal connecting block 42 can be pushed to the side of the permanent magnet 43, the permanent magnet 43 can attract the metal connecting block 42, and further can prevent the rotating plate 40 from falling, further, the fertilizer particles can be avoided and prevented from being pushed, when the moving plate 14 moves to the innermost side, the button valve 22 can be opened by pressing the column 24, hot air can enter the drying space 13, then the upper end of the drying space 13 can be sealed by the protection plate 18 and the moving plate 14, heat loss is reduced, when the moving plate 14 moves to the innermost side, one end of the pushing block 44 can be inserted between the permanent magnet 43 and the metal connecting block 42, the metal connecting block 42 is disconnected with the permanent magnet 43, the rotating plate 40 can return to the original position under the action of gravity, then the fertilizer particles can be dried by the hot air,
the workers continue to add raw materials in the granulator and repeat the above process, fertilizer particles can be added into the rest of the drying spaces 13, when the fertilizer particles are added into the lowermost drying space 13, the fertilizer particles in the uppermost drying space 13 are dried, the servo motor 7 is started to rotate reversely, the servo motor 7 can drive the rotating screw 8 to rotate through the coupler and is connected with the thread through hole 6 through the rotating screw 8, the lifting platform 4 is enabled to move upwards, when the lifting platform 4 moves upwards, the inclined platform 36 can push the pulley 34 and the rotating rod 33 upwards, the rotating rod 33 can rotate around the hinge to avoid the inclined platform 36, after the inclined platform 36 passes through, under the action of gravity, the rotating rod 33 can return to the original position, the servo motor 7 is closed to rotate reversely, the servo motor 7 is started to rotate forwards and drive the lifting platform 4 to move downwards, the movable plate 14 can be moved out of the drying space 13, at this time, fertilizer particles exist above the movable plate 14, when the movable plate 14 moves to the outside, the rotating plate 40 can push the fertilizer particles to one side, and further when the movable plate 14 moves out, the fertilizer particles can be pushed above the separating table 12, and under the action of the inclined surface of the separating table 12, the fertilizer particles can fall into the collecting channel 3 from the discharging port 38, the inclined material guide plate 39 can prevent the fertilizer particles from entering the separating table 12 from the discharging port 38 at the lower part when falling, the fertilizer particles entering the collecting channel 3 can move to the collecting box 46 through the inclined material guide channel 45 to be collected, then the newly processed fertilizer particles can be moved to the movable plate 14 at the top by the granulating disc to be dried continuously, and the process is repeated, so that the fertilizer particles processed by the granulating disc can continuously move to the movable plate 14 to be dried and collected, the working efficiency is improved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the technical effects of the present invention can be achieved by any similar or identical means, which fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The technical solutions described above only represent the preferred technical solutions of the present invention, and some possible modifications to some parts of the technical solutions by those skilled in the art all represent the principles of the present invention, and fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The utility model provides a drying device, includes workstation (1), its characterized in that: a feeding and drying mechanism is arranged above the workbench (1), the feeding and drying mechanism comprises a drying box (2), the lower end of the drying box (2) is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the workbench (1), a collecting mechanism is arranged on one side of the feeding and drying mechanism, the collecting mechanism comprises a collecting channel (3), the collecting channel (3) is fixedly arranged on one side of the drying box (2),
the feeding and drying mechanism comprises a lifting platform (4) positioned on one side above a workbench (1), a granulator is installed on the upper surface of the lifting platform (4), two L-shaped fixing platforms (5) are arranged on the rear side of the lifting platform (4), the lower ends of the L-shaped fixing platforms (5) are installed on the upper surface of the workbench (1), a threaded through hole (6) is formed in one side of the lifting platform (4), a servo motor (7) is installed on one side of the upper surface of the workbench (1), the rotating end of the servo motor (7) is connected with a rotating screw (8) through a coupler, the upper end of the rotating screw (8) penetrates through the threaded through hole (6) and extends to the upper side of the lifting platform (4), a screw bearing (9) is installed at the upper end of the rotating screw (8), the screw bearing (9) is fixedly installed on one L-shaped fixing platform (5), a guide hole (10) is formed in one side of the lifting platform (4), and a guide rod (11) is arranged in the guide hole (10), the lower end of a guide rod (11) is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of a workbench (1), the upper end of the guide rod (11) is connected with another L-shaped fixed table (5), a plurality of separating tables (12) are arranged in a drying box (2), the drying box (2) is divided into a plurality of drying spaces (13) by the separating tables (12), a movable plate (14) is arranged in each drying space (13), guide blocks (15) are arranged on two sides of the lower surface of the movable plate (14), guide slideways (16) are arranged on two sides in each drying space (13), one end of each guide block (15) is positioned in each guide slideway (16), fixed plates (17) are arranged on two sides of the upper surface of the movable plate (14), a protection plate (18) is arranged on the front side of the movable plate (14), a heating box (19) is arranged on one side of the upper surface of the workbench (1), a constant temperature heater (20) is arranged in the heating box (19), and an air extracting pump (21) is arranged in the heating box (19), a button valve (22) is installed on one side in the drying space (13), a multi-way pipe (23) is installed at the outlet end of an air pump (21), a plurality of outlet ends of the multi-way pipe (23) extend into the drying box (2) to be connected with the button valve (22), a pressing column (24) is installed on one side of the upper surface of the movable plate (14), a hydraulic telescopic rod (25) is arranged in the drying space (13), the fixed end of the hydraulic telescopic rod (25) is fixedly installed on the inner side surface of the drying box (2), the telescopic end of the hydraulic telescopic rod (25) is connected with one side of the lower surface of the movable plate (14), a plurality of support rods (26) are installed at the lower end of the hydraulic telescopic rod (25), the lower ends of the support rods (26) are fixedly installed on the upper surface of the partition table (12), a plurality of hydraulic cylinders (27) are installed on one side of the upper surface of the workbench (1), the hydraulic cylinders (27) correspond to the drying space (13) one to one another, the oil outlet end of the hydraulic cylinders (27) is connected with the hydraulic telescopic rod (25) through oil guide pipes (28), be equipped with in pneumatic cylinder (27) and remove piston (29), surface mounting has movable rod (30) on one side of movable piston (29), expansion plate (31) are installed to movable rod (30) one end, expansion plate (31) and pneumatic cylinder (27) front side are connected through a plurality of expanding spring (32), there is dwang (33) on expansion plate (31) side surface through hinge connection, pulley (34) are installed to dwang (33) one end, dwang (33) below is equipped with intercepts pole (35), intercept pole (35) one end and expansion plate (31) side surface connection, elevating platform (4) one side surface mounting has sloping platform (36), movable plate (14) lower surface mounting has vibrator (37).
2. A drying apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein: collect mechanism including discharge gate (38) that is located stoving space (13) one side, slope stock guide (39) are installed to discharge gate (38) upper end, there is rotor plate (40) upper end through hinge connection in stoving space (13), rotor plate (40) one side is equipped with reset spring (41), reset spring (41) fixed mounting is upper end in stoving space (13), metal connecting block (42) are installed at rotor plate (40) side surface both ends, a plurality of permanent magnet (43) are installed to upper end in stoving space (13), protection plate (18) front side is installed and is promoted piece (44), slope stock guide passageway (45) are installed to collection passageway (3) lower extreme, workstation (1) one side subaerial collecting box (46) of having placed, collecting box (46) are located slope stock guide passageway (45) lower extreme.
3. A drying apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the upper surface of the separation table (12) is an inclined surface, one side of the separation table (12) close to the collection channel (3) is lower, and one side of the separation table (12) far away from the collection channel (3) is higher.
4. A method for preparing a carbon-based silicon fertilizer by using the drying device of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the carbon-based silicon fertilizer comprises 15-30% of wheat straw carbon, 35-50% of organic silicon water-soluble fertilizer, 5-8% of sepiolite and 15-25% of bentonite by mass percent, and the processing steps comprise: preparing a first mixture, preparing a second mixture, mixing the two mixtures, adding a mixed solution, granulating and drying;
step one, preparing a first mixture: putting the wheat straw carbon and the organic silicon water-soluble fertilizer into a granulation disc, and fully and uniformly mixing to prepare a first mixture;
step two, preparing a second mixture: sufficiently and uniformly mixing bentonite and a part of sepiolite to prepare a second mixture;
step three, mixing the two mixtures: adding the second mixture manufactured in the step two into a granulating disc, and uniformly mixing the first mixture and the second mixture;
step four, adding mixed liquid: mixing wood vinegar and water according to the mass ratio of 1:200, uniformly stirring, and spraying the mixed solution into a granulation disc by using a sprayer when the two mixed materials in the third step are mixed;
step five, granulation: after the mixture is agglomerated and granulated, uniformly scattering sepiolite on the mixture, and continuing to granulate until complete granules are formed;
step six, drying: and putting the manufactured fertilizer particles into a drying device for drying.
5. The method for preparing the carbon-based silicon fertilizer by using the drying device according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the wheat straw carbon in the step one is a solid product of wheat straw under the condition of thermal cracking temperature of 450 ℃ and oxygen limitation, and the particle size of the wheat straw carbon is 1 mm.
6. The method for preparing the carbon-based silicon fertilizer by using the drying device according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and the particle size of the bentonite in the second step is 0.15mm, and the particle size of the sepiolite in the second step is 0.15 mm.
7. The method for preparing the carbon-based silicon fertilizer by using the drying device according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the wood vinegar liquid in the fourth step is generated in the process of preparing the wheat straw charcoal, and the pH value of the wood vinegar liquid is 4.3.
8. The method for preparing the carbon-based silicon fertilizer by using the drying device according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the fifth step, the particle size of the sepiolite is 0.15mm, and the particle size of the fertilizer produced in the fifth step is 2-5 mm.
9. The method for preparing the carbon-based silicon fertilizer by using the drying device according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and drying the fertilizer granules manufactured in the sixth step in a drying device for 3-5 hours, wherein the drying temperature of the drying device is 60 ℃.
CN202111593916.9A 2021-12-24 2021-12-24 Preparation method and drying device of carbon-based silicon fertilizer Active CN114181022B (en)

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CN106146151B (en) * 2016-06-30 2018-02-06 吉林贝盈生物科技有限公司 Granulated fertilizer additive and preparation method thereof, granulated fertilizer additive powder and granulated fertilizer
CN109438138A (en) * 2019-01-14 2019-03-08 青岛农业大学 A kind of dedicated charcoal base manure in cotton field and preparation method thereof
CN110553481B (en) * 2019-10-22 2020-09-15 安徽和济堂中药饮片有限公司 Chinese herbal medicine drying equipment that turns
CN215063243U (en) * 2021-05-12 2021-12-07 永安市丰源化工有限公司 Wet granule drying machine of fluidized bed
CN113416557A (en) * 2021-08-09 2021-09-21 河北工程大学 Carbon-based conditioner and preparation method and application thereof

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