CN114180550A - Processing and preparation method for lithium ion hard carbon negative electrode material - Google Patents

Processing and preparation method for lithium ion hard carbon negative electrode material Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114180550A
CN114180550A CN202111455405.0A CN202111455405A CN114180550A CN 114180550 A CN114180550 A CN 114180550A CN 202111455405 A CN202111455405 A CN 202111455405A CN 114180550 A CN114180550 A CN 114180550A
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hard carbon
negative electrode
lithium ion
processing
preparation
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彭飞
仰韻霖
仰永军
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Guangdong Kaijin New Energy Technology Co Ltd
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Guangdong Kaijin New Energy Technology Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/05Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/583Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • H01M4/587Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a processing and preparation method for a lithium ion hard carbon negative electrode material, which comprises the following steps of firstly, processing raw materials; step two, preparing a precursor; step three, pre-burning and crushing; step four, pyrolyzing the coating; selecting graphite, coal, wood or thermoplastic resin containing carbon elements as raw materials in the first step, cleaning the raw materials, and drying to obtain a dry raw material; in the second step, curing the thermoplastic resin in the air at normal temperature for 5-45 h to obtain a solid precursor; because the hard carbon has higher capacity, low manufacturing cost and excellent cycle performance in random order, the hard carbon is prepared into a cathode material, so that the capacity of the battery is improved, and the use is facilitated; a small amount of carbon dioxide is introduced to consume the carbon material in the preparation process of the hard carbon cathode material, so that the carbon lattice of the prepared hard carbon cathode material is ordered in a short range and disordered in a long range, and the chemical property of the hard carbon cathode material is improved.

Description

Processing and preparation method for lithium ion hard carbon negative electrode material
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of preparation methods of battery cathode materials, in particular to a processing and preparation method of a lithium ion hard carbon cathode material.
Background
Due to the increasing number of electronic equipment and the rapid development of electric vehicles, certain requirements are placed on the market for processing and preparing methods of battery cathode materials for some electronic equipment and electric vehicles; however, the existing battery has low specific capacity and cannot meet the use requirement, and the existing battery cathode material has high preparation cost and is not beneficial to popularization and use; therefore, the invention provides a processing and preparation method for the lithium ion hard carbon negative electrode material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a processing and preparation method for a lithium ion hard carbon negative electrode material, which aims to solve the problems of low specific capacity and high running cost in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a processing preparation method for a lithium ion hard carbon negative electrode material comprises the steps of firstly, processing raw materials; step two, preparing a precursor; step three, pre-burning and crushing; step four, pyrolyzing the coating;
selecting a carbon-containing thermoplastic resin as a raw material, cleaning the raw material, and drying to obtain a dry raw material;
in the second step, curing the thermoplastic resin in the air at normal temperature for 5-45 h to obtain a solid precursor;
in the third step, the precursor prepared in the second step is heated to 150-500 ℃ in a high-temperature furnace at the heating rate of 0.3-2 ℃/min, then presintered at low temperature for 5-24 hours, and then naturally cooled to room temperature; then heating to 560-1500 ℃ at a heating rate of 0.3-10 ℃/min, pyrolyzing for 0.5-7.5 h, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain hard carbon; then, performing ball milling on the hard carbon to obtain a powdery hard carbon matrix with the granularity of 1-60 mu m;
and in the fourth step, adding a precursor of the coating into the hard carbon matrix according to 1-15% of the mass of the precursor of the hard carbon matrix, mixing at a rotating speed of 1400-3500 r/min for 20-50 min, heating to 500-1600 ℃ at a heating speed of 1-7 ℃/min in a high-temperature furnace for 3-8 h, carrying out pyrolysis treatment on the coating, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the lithium ion battery composite hard carbon negative electrode material.
Preferably, in the first step, the thermoplastic resin is one or more of acrylic resin, polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate, epoxy resin, phenolic resin and polyoxymethylene.
Preferably, in the second step, 0 to 75 mass percent of curing agent is added into the thermoplastic resin during curing; the curing agent is one or more of hexamethylene diamine, m-phenylenediamine, aniline formaldehyde resin, polyamide resin, phthalic anhydride and benzene sulfonic acid.
Preferably, in the third step, the nonmetal simple substance silicon is added into the hard carbon matrix after low-temperature presintering and crushing according to the mass ratio of 0-15%, the rotation speed is 1000-3000 r/min, and the mixture is uniformly mixed for 26-120 min.
Preferably, before the low-temperature pre-burning, the pyrolysis and the pyrolysis treatment of the coating in the third step and the fourth step, inert gas or nitrogen is introduced into the high-temperature furnace, air in the high-temperature furnace is discharged, so that the low-temperature pre-burning, the pyrolysis and the pyrolysis treatment of the coating are all carried out under the protection of the inert gas or nitrogen, and the gas introduction amount is 0.1-0.4 m3And h, mixing carbon dioxide reaction gas into inert gas or nitrogen protective gas in the pyrolysis process, wherein the introduction ratio of the reaction gas to the protective gas is 0.04-0.1: 1.
Preferably, in the fourth step, the precursor of the coating is one or more of phenolic resin, carboxymethyl cellulose, pitch, ethyl methyl carbonate, polyvinyl alcohol, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyacrylonitrile, styrene butadiene rubber, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention is safe and reliable, the hard carbon has higher capacity, low manufacturing cost and excellent cycle performance due to random sequencing, and the hard carbon is prepared into a cathode material, so that the capacity of the battery is improved, and the use is facilitated; a small amount of carbon dioxide is introduced to consume the carbon material in the preparation process of the hard carbon cathode material, so that the carbon lattice of the prepared hard carbon cathode material is ordered in short range and disordered in long range, the chemical performance of the hard carbon cathode material is improved, and the preparation method of the hard carbon cathode material is simple and practical, wide in raw material source, low in manufacturing cost and beneficial to popularization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention: a processing preparation method for a lithium ion hard carbon negative electrode material comprises the steps of firstly, processing raw materials; step two, preparing a precursor; step three, pre-burning and crushing; step four, pyrolyzing the coating;
selecting a carbon-containing thermoplastic resin as a raw material, cleaning the raw material, and drying to obtain a dry raw material; the thermoplastic resin is one or more of acrylic resin, polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate, epoxy resin, phenolic resin and polyformaldehyde;
in the second step, curing the thermoplastic resin in the air at normal temperature for 5-45 h to obtain a solid precursor; when in solidification, 0-75 percent of solidifying agent is added into the thermoplastic resin; the curing agent is one or more of hexamethylene diamine, m-phenylenediamine, aniline formaldehyde resin, polyamide resin, phthalic anhydride and benzenesulfonic acid;
in the third step, inert gas or nitrogen is firstly introduced into the high-temperature furnace, air in the high-temperature furnace is discharged, so that the processes of low-temperature presintering, pyrolysis and cladding pyrolysis treatment in the subsequent steps are all carried out under the protection of the inert gas or nitrogen, and the gas introduction amount is 0.1-0.4 m3H; heating the precursor prepared in the second step to 150-500 ℃ in a high-temperature furnace at a heating rate of 0.3-2 ℃/min, then presintering at a low temperature for 5-24 h, and then naturally cooling toRoom temperature; then heating to 560-1500 ℃ at a heating rate of 0.3-10 ℃/min, pyrolyzing for 0.5-7.5 h, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain hard carbon; then, performing ball milling on the hard carbon to obtain a powdery hard carbon matrix with the granularity of 1-60 mu m; adding non-metal simple substance silicon into the hard carbon matrix subjected to low-temperature presintering and crushing according to the mass ratio of 0-15%, uniformly mixing at the rotating speed of 1000-3000 r/min for 26-120 min;
in the fourth step, 1-15% of the hard carbon matrix precursor is added into the hard carbon matrix, the precursor of the coating is mixed at a rotating speed of 1400-3500 r/min for 20-50 min, then the temperature is raised to 500-1600 ℃ at a heating rate of 1-7 ℃/min in a high-temperature furnace for 3-8 h, the coating is subjected to pyrolysis treatment, and the temperature is naturally reduced to room temperature, so that the lithium ion battery composite hard carbon negative electrode material is obtained; the precursor of the coating is one or more of phenolic resin, carboxymethyl cellulose, asphalt, ethyl methyl carbonate, polyvinyl alcohol, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyacrylonitrile, styrene-butadiene rubber, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide; in the pyrolysis process, carbon dioxide reaction gas is mixed into inert gas or nitrogen protective gas, and the ratio of the reaction gas to the protective gas is 0.04-0.1: 1.
Based on the above, the invention has the advantages that the cathode material is prepared from the hard carbon, so that the specific capacity of the battery is greatly improved, and the practical requirements are met; a small amount of carbon dioxide is introduced in the preparation process of the hard carbon negative electrode material to consume the carbon material, so that the carbon lattice of the prepared hard carbon negative electrode material is short-range ordered and long-range disordered, and the hard carbon negative electrode material has the advantages of low specific surface, high tap density and excellent electrochemical performance; the preparation method of the hard carbon cathode material is simple and practical, wide in raw material source, low in manufacturing cost and beneficial to popularization.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.

Claims (6)

1. A processing preparation method for a lithium ion hard carbon negative electrode material comprises the steps of firstly, processing raw materials; step two, preparing a precursor; step three, pre-burning and crushing; step four, pyrolyzing the coating; the method is characterized in that:
selecting a carbon-containing thermoplastic resin as a raw material, cleaning the raw material, and drying to obtain a dry raw material;
in the second step, curing the thermoplastic resin in the air at normal temperature for 5-45 h to obtain a solid precursor;
in the third step, the precursor prepared in the second step is heated to 150-500 ℃ in a high-temperature furnace at the heating rate of 0.3-2 ℃/min, then presintered at low temperature for 5-24 hours, and then naturally cooled to room temperature; then heating to 560-1500 ℃ at a heating rate of 0.3-10 ℃/min, pyrolyzing for 0.5-7.5 h, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain hard carbon; then, performing ball milling on the hard carbon to obtain a powdery hard carbon matrix with the granularity of 1-60 mu m;
and in the fourth step, adding a precursor of the coating into the hard carbon matrix according to 1-15% of the mass of the precursor of the hard carbon matrix, mixing at a rotating speed of 1400-3500 r/min for 20-50 min, heating to 500-1600 ℃ at a heating speed of 1-7 ℃/min in a high-temperature furnace for 3-8 h, carrying out pyrolysis treatment on the coating, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the lithium ion battery composite hard carbon negative electrode material.
2. The processing and preparation method for the lithium ion hard carbon negative electrode material according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the first step, the thermoplastic resin is one or more of acrylic resin, polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate, epoxy resin, phenolic resin and polyformaldehyde.
3. The processing and preparation method for the lithium ion hard carbon negative electrode material according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the second step, 0-75% of curing agent by mass is added into the thermoplastic resin during curing; the curing agent is one or more of hexamethylene diamine, m-phenylenediamine, aniline formaldehyde resin, polyamide resin, phthalic anhydride and benzene sulfonic acid.
4. The processing and preparation method for the lithium ion hard carbon negative electrode material according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the third step, adding non-metallic simple substance silicon into the hard carbon matrix after low-temperature presintering and crushing according to the mass ratio of 0-15%, and uniformly mixing at the rotating speed of 1000-3000 r/min for 26-120 min.
5. The processing and preparation method for the lithium ion hard carbon negative electrode material according to claim 1, characterized in that: before the low-temperature presintering, pyrolyzing and coating pyrolyzing treatment in the third step and the fourth step, introducing inert gas or nitrogen into the high-temperature furnace, and exhausting air in the high-temperature furnace, so that the low-temperature presintering, pyrolyzing and coating pyrolyzing treatment are carried out under the protection of the inert gas or nitrogen, and the gas introduction amount is 0.1-0.4 m3And h, mixing carbon dioxide reaction gas into inert gas or nitrogen protective gas in the pyrolysis process, wherein the introduction ratio of the reaction gas to the protective gas is 0.04-0.1: 1.
6. The processing and preparation method for the lithium ion hard carbon negative electrode material according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the fourth step, the precursor of the coating is one or more of phenolic resin, carboxymethyl cellulose, asphalt, ethyl methyl carbonate, polyvinyl alcohol, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyacrylonitrile, styrene butadiene rubber, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide.
CN202111455405.0A 2021-12-01 2021-12-01 Processing and preparation method for lithium ion hard carbon negative electrode material Pending CN114180550A (en)

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101887966A (en) * 2010-06-18 2010-11-17 深圳市贝特瑞新能源材料股份有限公司 Composite hard carbon cathode material of lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof
CN103094528A (en) * 2013-01-09 2013-05-08 深圳市贝特瑞新能源材料股份有限公司 Hard carbon cathode material for lithium ion power and energy storage battery and preparation method of hard carbon cathode material
CN106299275A (en) * 2016-08-26 2017-01-04 东莞市迈科新能源有限公司 A kind of preparation method of composite hard carbon anode material of lithium-ion battery
CN106532009A (en) * 2016-12-21 2017-03-22 上海杉杉科技有限公司 Preparation method of high capacity lithium ion battery hard carbon composite negative electrode material
WO2017110796A1 (en) * 2015-12-21 2017-06-29 住友ベークライト株式会社 Carbon material for secondary battery negative electrodes, active material for secondary battery negative electrodes, secondary battery negative electrode and secondary battery
CN110600738A (en) * 2019-10-24 2019-12-20 扬州华达新能源有限公司 Method for preparing low-temperature lithium ion battery hard carbon negative electrode material

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101887966A (en) * 2010-06-18 2010-11-17 深圳市贝特瑞新能源材料股份有限公司 Composite hard carbon cathode material of lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof
CN103094528A (en) * 2013-01-09 2013-05-08 深圳市贝特瑞新能源材料股份有限公司 Hard carbon cathode material for lithium ion power and energy storage battery and preparation method of hard carbon cathode material
WO2017110796A1 (en) * 2015-12-21 2017-06-29 住友ベークライト株式会社 Carbon material for secondary battery negative electrodes, active material for secondary battery negative electrodes, secondary battery negative electrode and secondary battery
CN106299275A (en) * 2016-08-26 2017-01-04 东莞市迈科新能源有限公司 A kind of preparation method of composite hard carbon anode material of lithium-ion battery
CN106532009A (en) * 2016-12-21 2017-03-22 上海杉杉科技有限公司 Preparation method of high capacity lithium ion battery hard carbon composite negative electrode material
CN110600738A (en) * 2019-10-24 2019-12-20 扬州华达新能源有限公司 Method for preparing low-temperature lithium ion battery hard carbon negative electrode material

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