CN114179641A - Fuel cell composite power supply system for electric forklift - Google Patents
Fuel cell composite power supply system for electric forklift Download PDFInfo
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- CN114179641A CN114179641A CN202111637314.9A CN202111637314A CN114179641A CN 114179641 A CN114179641 A CN 114179641A CN 202111637314 A CN202111637314 A CN 202111637314A CN 114179641 A CN114179641 A CN 114179641A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/75—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using propulsion power supplied by both fuel cells and batteries
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/40—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for controlling a combination of batteries and fuel cells
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
- B60L2200/40—Working vehicles
- B60L2200/42—Fork lift trucks
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Forklifts And Lifting Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a fuel cell composite power supply system for an electric forklift. The system comprises: the power battery controller is arranged in the fuel battery controller local area network and sends a power battery output capacity signal to the fuel battery controller; the fuel cell controller combines the received power battery output capacity signal with the fuel cell power generation capacity signal and the response time to generate a comprehensive charge and discharge capacity signal of the hybrid power system and send the comprehensive charge and discharge capacity signal to the forklift controller; and the fuel cell controller receives a power cell pack control instruction of the forklift controller, and sends the control instruction to the power cell controller by combining the state of the fuel cell system to control the power cell pack. According to the invention, the fuel battery and the power lithium ion battery are combined, and through the innovative electric control interface design, the original electric and control units of the electric forklift are not required to be changed, so that the pure electric forklift is rapidly upgraded and reformed at the lowest cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a fuel cell composite power supply system for an electric forklift.
Background
The electric forklift is a forklift which is completely driven by power supplied by a power storage battery, and wheels are driven to run by using a motor.
Electric fork truck does not directly produce the emission, and is less to environmental impact relative diesel fork truck, along with the becoming mature of lithium ion battery technique, it is gradually replacing diesel fork truck and gets into more extensive storage transportation field.
However, limited by the technical development limit of the power battery in the middle and short term, the pure electric forklift can not completely replace the diesel forklift, and the main bottlenecks are as follows:
1) the working time is limited after one-time charging, about 4-6 hours;
2) the charging time is longer, about 1-2 hours.
The bottleneck limits that the pure electric forklift can not meet the 24-hour continuous operation scene.
The fuel cell system can well make up the bottleneck defect, and has the main advantage that the hydrogenation time is fast, and only 3-5 minutes are needed. The fuel cell system is taken as a vehicle-mounted chemical energy-to-electric energy conversion device and is carried on the electric forklift, and the electric forklift carrying the fuel cell system can meet the 24-hour continuous operation scene on the premise of keeping zero emission.
When the current fuel cell system is applied to a forklift, the electrical and control system of the forklift needs to be greatly changed, and a longer development period and higher cost are needed.
With the gradual maturity of the fuel cell technology, more and more demands are placed on the market, and a set of fuel cell power generation device for fast upgrading and conversion of the pure electric forklift needs to be developed and designed so as to meet the fast upgrading of the stock vehicle type of the pure electric forklift, and the upgrading and conversion can not generate great changes to the existing mechanical and electrical control framework of the forklift.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fuel cell composite power supply system for an electric forklift, and solves the problem that the electric forklift needs to be modified in a complex way when a fuel cell is applied to a pure electric forklift in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a fuel cell hybrid power supply system for an electric forklift, comprising a fuel cell system and a power cell pack;
the fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell controller, and the power cell pack comprises a power cell controller;
the power battery controller is arranged in the fuel battery controller local area network and sends a power battery output capacity signal to the fuel battery controller;
the fuel cell controller combines the received power battery output capacity signal with the fuel cell power generation capacity signal and the response time to generate a comprehensive charge and discharge capacity signal of the composite power supply system and sends the comprehensive charge and discharge capacity signal to the forklift controller;
the fuel cell controller receives a power cell pack control instruction of the forklift controller, and sends the control instruction to the power cell controller by combining the state of the fuel cell system to control the power cell pack.
In one embodiment, the fuel cell hybrid power supply system further includes a hydrogen tank for storing hydrogen fuel required for the electrochemical reaction of the fuel cell;
the fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell stack and a stack auxiliary support system;
the fuel cell stack is used for performing hydrogen/oxygen electrochemical reaction and generating electric energy;
the electric pile auxiliary supporting system is used for auxiliary supporting of the electrochemical reaction of the fuel cell electric pile.
In one embodiment, the power battery outputs a capacity signal, which includes a power battery status signal;
the power battery controller sends a power battery state signal to the fuel battery controller;
and the fuel cell controller adjusts the working point and the power generation capacity of the fuel cell stack according to the power cell state signal.
In one embodiment, the fuel cell controller sends the integrated charging and discharging capacity signal of the hybrid power system to the forklift controller through the forklift controller local area network in a power cell pack state signal format.
In one embodiment, the fuel cell controller is configured with a first-in first-out queue with a certain length, and stores a Current fuel cell stack Current signal FIFO FC Current and a power battery pack charge-discharge Current Capability signal RESS Current Capability.
In one embodiment, the integrated charging and discharging capability signal of the hybrid power system includes an integrated long-term charging and discharging capability signal of the hybrid power system:
the composite power supply system synthesizes long-term charge and discharge capacity signals, including a long-term Current input capacity signal Large Current LT capacity of the composite power supply systemCHGAnd a long-term Current output Capability signal Merged Current LT Capability of the hybrid power supply systemDCH；
The long-term current input capability signal corresponding expression of the composite power supply system is as follows:
Merged Current LT CapabilityCHG＝MIN(FIFO RESS Current LT CapabilityCHG)-MIN(FIFO FC Current)；
the long-term current output capacity signal corresponding expression of the composite power supply system is as follows:
Merged Current LT CapabilityDCH＝MIN(FIFO RESS Current LT CapabilityDCH)-MIN(FIFO FC Current)；
wherein, FIFO RESS Current LT CapabilityCHGThe method comprises the steps that a power battery pack long-term charging current capacity signal in the latest preset time period is stored in a first-in first-out queue mode;
FIFO RESS Current LT CapabilityDCHindicating storing power in a last preset time period in a first-in first-out queue mannerThe battery pack is a long-term discharge current capability signal.
In one embodiment, the integrated charging and discharging capability signal of the hybrid power system comprises an integrated short-term charging and discharging capability signal of the hybrid power system:
the comprehensive short-term charging and discharging capacity signal of the composite power supply system comprises a short-term Current input capacity signal Large Current ST capacity of the composite power supply systemCHGAnd a short-term Current output Capability signal Merged Current ST Capability of the hybrid power supply systemDCH；
The short-term current input capacity signal corresponding expression of the composite power supply system is as follows:
Merged Current ST CapabilityCHG＝MIN(FIFO RESS Current ST CapabilityCHG)；
the short-term current output capacity signal corresponding expression of the composite power supply system is as follows:
Merged Current ST CapabilityDCH＝MIN(FIFO RESS Current ST CapabilityDCH)；
wherein, FIFO RESS Current ST CapabilityCHGThe method comprises the steps that a short-term charging capacity signal of a power battery pack in a latest preset time period is stored in a first-in first-out queue mode;
FIFO RESS Current ST CapabilityDCHthe short-term discharge capacity signal of the power battery pack in the latest preset time period is stored in a first-in first-out queue mode.
In one embodiment, the power battery outputs a capacity signal, which includes a power battery charging and discharging capacity signal;
the power battery pack charging and discharging capacity signal comprises a power battery pack charging and discharging current capacity signal and/or a power battery pack charging and discharging power capacity signal;
the charging and discharging Current Capability signal RESS Current Capability of the power battery pack comprises a long/short-term charging Current Capability signal RESS Current LT/ST Capability of the power battery packCHGAnd a long/short term discharge Current Capability signal RESS Current LT/ST Capability of the power battery packDCH；
The Power battery pack charge and discharge Power Capability signal comprises a long/short term charge Power Capability signal RESS Power LT/ST Capability of the Power battery packCHGAnd a long/short term discharge Power Capability signal RESS Power LT/ST Capability of the Power battery packDCH；
The long/short term charging current capacity signal of the power battery pack and the long/short term charging power capacity signal of the power battery pack satisfy the following conversion expression:
the long/short term discharge current capability of the power battery pack and the long/short term discharge power capability of the power battery pack satisfy the following expression:
wherein RESS Voltage represents a charging and discharging Voltage limit value of the power battery pack, alpha represents a protection factor when power capacity is converted into current capacity, and beta represents a protection factor when power capacity is converted into current capacity.
In one embodiment, the fuel cell controller converts the state of charge of the power cell pack, in combination with the remaining amount of electricity that can be generated in the fuel cell system, into the remaining energy of the hybrid power system and uses the state of charge SOC of the batterycombThe form is sent to the forklift controller.
In one embodiment, the battery state of charge (SOC) of the hybrid power systemcombThe corresponding expression is:
SOCcomb＝ωSOC×SOCscaled+(1-ωSOC)×H2SOC；
wherein, ω isSOCA weight representing a hybrid power supply battery state of charge;
SOCscaledrepresenting the state of charge of the battery pack scaled according to the available state of charge range of the battery pack;
h2SOC represents the percentage of hydrogen remaining.
In one embodiment, the scaled battery pack state of charge SOCscaledThe corresponding expression is:
wherein the RESS SOC represents the current state of charge of the power battery pack;
SOCLBrepresenting the lowest available state of charge of the power battery pack;
SOCUBrepresenting the highest available state of charge of the power battery pack.
In one embodiment, the weight ω of the hybrid power source SOC isSOCThe corresponding expression is:
wherein, H2EnergyremainRepresenting the residual generating energy of the hydrogen in the hybrid power supply;
RESSEnergyremainrepresenting the remaining energy of the power battery pack.
In one embodiment, the hydrogen surplus power generation Energy H2Energy in the hybrid power supplyremainThe corresponding expression is:
H2Energyremain＝H2SOC×H2TankCapacity×FCEff；
wherein H2SOC represents the percentage of hydrogen remaining;
h2TankCapacity represents the total weight of hydrogen in the hydrogen tank;
FCEff represents the hydrogen-to-electricity conversion efficiency of the hybrid power supply.
According to the fuel cell composite power supply system for the electric forklift, the fuel cell and the power lithium ion battery are combined, the original electric and control units of the electric forklift do not need to be changed through an innovative electric control interface design, and the pure electric forklift is rapidly upgraded and modified into the fuel cell forklift at the lowest cost.
Drawings
The above and other features, properties and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description of the embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings in which like reference numerals denote like features throughout the several views, wherein:
FIG. 1 discloses a schematic diagram of a fuel cell hybrid power system according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 discloses a schematic view of an electric forklift according to an embodiment of the invention.
The meanings of the reference symbols in the figures are as follows:
100 fuel cell hybrid power supply system;
110 a fuel cell system;
111 a fuel cell stack;
112 hydrogen subsystem;
113 a water heat management subsystem;
114 an air subsystem;
115 a stack auxiliary support system;
116 a battery;
120 power battery pack;
131 a cooling subsystem;
a 132 hydrogen tank;
133 boost DC/DC;
210 lighting and other circuitry;
220 80-12V DC/DC；
230 a walking power driver;
231 a walking motor;
240 forklift controller;
241 accelerator pedal;
242 direction switch;
243 lift switches;
250 lift power drivers;
251 the motor.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the fuel cell composite power supply system for the electric forklift, which realizes the autonomous power generation by the fuel cell on the pure electric forklift, can directly replace the lithium ion battery pack of the pure electric forklift in the prior art, and can realize the rapid transformation and upgrade of the lithium ion electric forklift.
Fig. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of a hybrid fuel cell power system according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 2 illustrates a schematic diagram of an electric forklift according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the hybrid fuel cell power system 100 for an electric forklift includes a fuel cell system 110, a power cell pack 120, a cooling subsystem 131, a hydrogen tank 132, and a boost DC/DC 133.
The fuel cell system 110 includes a fuel cell stack 111 and a stack auxiliary support system 115.
And the electric pile auxiliary support system 115 comprises an air subsystem 114, a hydrogen subsystem 112 and a water heat management subsystem 113.
The fuel cell stack 111 is respectively connected with the air subsystem 114, the hydrogen subsystem 112, the hydrothermal management subsystem 113 and the boosting DC/DC133 and is used for carrying out hydrogen/oxygen reaction and generating electric energy;
and a stack auxiliary support system 115 for assisting in supporting the electrochemical reaction of the fuel cell stack 111.
And an air subsystem 114, which is mainly composed of an air compressor, a proportional valve and the like, and is used for completing the air (oxygen) supply function of the fuel cell stack 111.
The hydrogen subsystem 112 mainly includes a circulation pump, a proportional valve, and a pressure reducing valve, and is used for performing a hydrogen supply function of the fuel cell stack 111.
And the water heat management subsystem 113 is connected with the cooling subsystem 131, mainly comprises a water pump, a proportional valve and the like, and is used for transferring the heat of the fuel cell stack 111 to the cooling subsystem 131 and completing the temperature control function of the fuel cell stack 111.
A boost DCDC (boost dc converter) 133, which is connected to the fuel cell stack 111 and the power cell pack 120, respectively, and boosts the output power of the fuel cell stack 111 to a voltage level suitable for the electric forklift.
DC/DC (direct current converter) means a device for converting a DC power supply of a certain voltage class into a DC power supply of another voltage class. The DC/DC is divided into a boost power supply and a buck power supply according to the voltage grade conversion relation, and is divided into an isolated power supply and a non-isolated power supply according to the input and output relation.
In this embodiment, the matching voltage class of the electric forklift is 80V.
A cooling subsystem 131, comprising heat exchangers, piping and cooling fluid, is coupled to the hydrothermal management subsystem 113 of the stack auxiliary support system 115 for exchanging heat with the environment.
A hydrogen tank 132 for storing hydrogen gas required for the electrochemical reaction of the fuel cell.
The power battery pack 120 is a lithium ion battery pack for supporting the fuel battery to start and recovering the energy of the electric drive system of the forklift, and the voltage grade is matched with that of the electric forklift, and the voltage grade is 80V in the schematic diagram.
In this embodiment, the voltage level of the power battery pack 120 is 80V.
In the electric forklift shown in fig. 2, the fuel cell hybrid power supply system shown in fig. 1 is applied, the inside of the dashed line frame is the main part of the fuel cell hybrid power supply system 100, which is the physical entity part of the present invention, and the outside of the dashed line frame is the main part of the forklift electric driving/lifting system without modification.
The main parts of the forklift electric drive/lift system include lighting and other circuitry 210, 80-12VDC/DC220, walking power drive 230, forklift controller 240, lift power drive 250.
The lighting and other circuits 210, 80-12V DC/DC220, and the fuel cell composite power supply system 100 are connected through a 12V auxiliary bus.
The walking power driver 230, the fuel cell composite power supply system 100, the walking motor 231, the 80-12VDC/DC220 and the lifting power driver 250 are connected through an 80V power bus;
the forklift controller 240 receives control signals sent by an accelerator pedal 241, a direction switch 242 and a lifting switch 243, and sends the control signals to the walking power driver 230 and the lifting power driver 250;
and the lifting power driver 250 is connected with the lifting motor 251 through an 80V power bus.
According to the fuel cell composite power supply system provided by the invention, the power generation capacity and the power battery charging and discharging capacity of the fuel cell are comprehensively calculated, and the pure electric power battery pack can be replaced under the condition that the running/lifting power driving of the pure electric forklift is not changed, so that the pure electric power battery pack is upgraded to the fuel cell forklift.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 1 and 2, the fuel cell system 110 includes a fuel cell controller, and the power cell package 120 includes a power cell controller;
the power battery controller is arranged in the fuel battery controller local area network and sends a power battery output capacity signal to the fuel battery controller;
the fuel cell controller combines the received power battery output capacity signal with the fuel cell power generation capacity signal and the response time to generate a comprehensive charge and discharge capacity signal of the composite power supply system and sends the comprehensive charge and discharge capacity signal to the forklift controller;
the fuel cell controller receives a power cell pack control instruction of the forklift controller, and sends the control instruction to the power cell controller by combining the state of the fuel cell system to control the power cell pack.
An energy storage unit on a pure electric forklift in the prior art is a lithium ion power battery pack, and the lithium ion power battery pack comprises a power battery controller.
As shown in fig. 2, the present invention replaces the lithium ion power battery pack battery hybrid power supply of the prior art with the fuel cell hybrid power supply system as a whole.
And the forklift controller sends the control function signals of all the electric forklifts to the fuel cell controller of the fuel cell hybrid power supply.
The power battery controller is transferred from the forklift controller area network to the fuel battery controller area network, and all function signals are sent to the fuel battery controller instead of the forklift controller.
In the process, only the controller area network wire harness of the power battery controller changes, and the software and hardware design of the power battery controller does not need to be changed.
Furthermore, the power battery outputs a capacity signal, which comprises a power battery state signal;
the power battery controller sends a power battery state signal to the fuel battery controller;
and the fuel cell controller adjusts the working point and the power generation capacity of the fuel cell stack according to the power cell state signal.
The power battery pack 120 is an 80V power battery pack, and the power battery pack 120 comprises a power battery controller.
And the power battery controller calculates and obtains power battery state information and sends a power battery state signal to the fuel battery controller.
The fuel cell controller adjusts the operating point and the power generation capacity of the fuel cell stack 111 of the fuel cell system 110 in real time according to the state of the power cell.
The fuel cell controller reads signals such as electric loads from a forklift controller local area network, performs timely charging maintenance and auxiliary driving by taking a certain power cell pack SOC interval as a target, and autonomously selects an economic power point to work.
The forklift controller still regards the fuel cell composite power supply system as a passive power cell pack energy storage system, and the power generation requirement cannot be calculated.
That is, in the embodiment shown in fig. 1 and 2, the forklift controller need not participate in controlling the operation of the fuel cell.
Furthermore, the fuel cell controller sends the comprehensive charge-discharge capacity signal of the hybrid power system to the forklift controller through the forklift controller local area network in a power cell pack state signal format.
The power battery pack 120 is used for calculating and obtaining a power battery output capacity signal and sending the power battery output capacity signal to the fuel battery controller;
the fuel cell controller receives the output capacity signal of the power cell, calculates the output capacity signal of the power cell and the power generation capacity of the fuel cell stack 111 in a gathering manner, generates a comprehensive charge and discharge capacity signal of the hybrid power system required by the forklift controller, converts the comprehensive charge and discharge capacity signal into a control function signal form of a control system in a lithium ion power cell pack of the electric forklift in the prior art, namely a state signal form of the power cell pack of the electric forklift, and sends the control function signal form to the forklift controller for use through a forklift controller local area network.
And the fuel cell controller is used for superposing the Current charging and discharging Current of the power battery pack and the Current discharging Current of the fuel cell, then taking the superposed Current as a comprehensive charging and discharging capacity signal of the hybrid power system, and sending a state signal of the power battery pack, namely a charging and discharging Current signal RESS Current of the power battery pack to the forklift controller.
That is, in the embodiment shown in fig. 1 and 2, the forklift controller does not need to alter the functions/software and signal interfaces originally designed for the power battery pack and the power battery controller.
Further, the forklift controller sends a control command to the power battery pack 120 through the fuel cell controller.
The fuel cell controller controls the power cell package 120 in accordance with the state of the fuel cell system 110.
The forklift controller can carry out secondary calculation and forward control instructions such as power on and power off of the power battery pack to the power battery controller through the fuel battery controller in combination with the state of the fuel battery system, and control the power battery pack.
Signals such as an original contactor opening and closing instruction, a contactor state, an equilibrium state, an insulation detection state and the like of a power battery pack in the prior art are still directly transmitted, and the fault level of a fuel battery system is superposed according to the fault level definition of an electric forklift and the fault level of the power battery and is used as a complete signal which is still sent according to the form of a power battery fault signal.
That is, in the embodiment as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the forklift controller does not need to add the power generation control function and the additional high voltage safety function.
The following describes in detail how the fuel cell controller of the hybrid fuel cell power supply processes the power cell pack output capability signal and the fuel cell stack control signal, and their interaction with the electric forklift control, and determines the method of autonomously controlling power generation.
A first-in first-out queue with a certain length is arranged in a fuel cell controller, the Current fuel cell stack Current signal FIFO FC Current and the power battery pack charge-discharge Current Capability signal RESS Current Capability are stored, and the previous stored values are updated.
The comprehensive charge-discharge capacity signal of the hybrid power system refers to the hybrid energy storage comprehensive charge-discharge capacity after the charge-discharge capacity, the output capacity and the response time of the power battery are combined.
The composite power supply system comprehensive charge-discharge capacity signal comprises a composite power supply system comprehensive long-term charge-discharge capacity signal and a composite power supply system comprehensive short-term charge-discharge capacity signal.
Since the response speed of the fuel cell stack is slower than that of the power cell, the current operating state of the stack needs to be considered in the calculation of the integrated long-term charge-discharge capacity of the stack and the power cell.
The composite power supply system synthesizes a long-term charge-discharge capacity signal, and comprises a long-term Current input capacity signal Large Current LT capacity of the composite power supply system which synthesizes the output of a power battery pack and a fuel batteryCHGAnd a long-term Current output Capability signal Merged Current LT Capability of a hybrid power supply system combining the outputs of a power battery pack and a fuel cellDCH。
The long-term current input capability signal corresponding expression of the composite power supply system is as follows:
Merged Current LT CapabilityCHG＝MIN(FIFO RESS Current LT CapabilityCHG)-MIN(FIFO FC Current)；
the long-term current output capacity signal corresponding expression of the composite power supply system is as follows:
Merged Current LT CapabilityDCH＝MIN(FIFO RESS Current LT CapabilityDCH)-MIN(FIFO FC Current)；
wherein, FIFO RESS Current LT CapabilityCHGThe method comprises the steps that a power battery pack long-term charging current capacity signal in a latest preset time period is stored in a first-in first-out queue mode, and the power battery pack long-term charging current capacity signal is calculated by a power battery controller and uploaded to a fuel battery controller;
FIFO RESS Current LT CapabilityDCHthe method comprises the steps that a power battery pack long-term discharge current capacity signal in the latest preset time period is stored in a first-in first-out queue mode, and the power battery pack long-term discharge current capacity signal is calculated by a power battery controller and uploaded to a fuel battery controller;
LT represents the ability to take longer (10-30 seconds).
The response speed of the fuel cell is slower than that of the power cell, and the current working state of the fuel cell is not considered when the comprehensive short-term charge-discharge capacity of the fuel cell and the power cell is calculated.
The composite power supply system comprehensive short-term charge-discharge capacity signal comprises a short-term Current input capacity signal Merged Current ST capacity of the composite power supply system which integrates the output of the power battery pack and the output of the fuel batteryCHGAnd a short-term Current output Capability signal Merged Current ST Capability of the hybrid power system integrating the output of the power battery pack and the output of the generatorDCH；
The short-term current input capacity signal corresponding expression of the composite power supply system is as follows:
Merged Current ST CapabilityCHG＝MIN(FIFO RESS Current ST CapabilityCHG)；
the short-term current output capacity signal corresponding expression of the composite power supply system is as follows:
Merged Current ST CapabilityDCH＝MIN(FIFO RESS Current ST CapabilityDCH)；
wherein, FIFO RESS Current ST CapabilityCHGThe representation is in first-outThe queue mode stores the short-term charging capacity signal of the power battery pack in the latest preset time period, and the short-term charging capacity signal is calculated by the power battery controller and uploaded to the fuel battery controller;
FIFO RESS Current ST CapabilityDCHthe short-term discharge capacity signal of the power battery pack in the latest preset time period is stored in a first-in first-out queue mode, and is calculated by the power battery controller and uploaded to the fuel battery controller.
ST indicates a shorter time (< 10 seconds) capability.
The power battery output capacity signal comprises a power battery charging and discharging capacity signal, and the power battery charging and discharging capacity signal comprises a power battery pack charging and discharging current capacity signal and/or a power battery pack charging and discharging power capacity signal.
The fuel cell controller can carry out interconversion on the charge and discharge power capacity signal of the power cell pack and the charge and discharge current capacity signal of the power cell pack, so that the fuel cell controller is suitable for output signals of different pure electric forklifts.
The charging and discharging Current Capability signal RESS Current Capability of the power battery pack comprises a long/short-term charging Current Capability signal RESS Current LT/STCapability of the power battery packCHGAnd a long/short term discharge Current capability signal RESS Current LT/STCapability of the power battery packDCHIn units of amperes A;
the Power battery pack charge and discharge Power Capability signal comprises a long/short term charge Power Capability signal RESS Power LT/ST Capability of the Power battery packCHGAnd a long/short term discharge Power Capability signal RESS Power LT/ST Capability of the Power battery packDCHIn kilowatt kW;
the long/short term charging current capacity signal of the power battery pack and the long/short term charging power capacity signal of the power battery pack satisfy the following conversion expression:
the long/short term discharge current capability of the power battery pack and the long/short term discharge power capability of the power battery pack satisfy the following expression:
the RESS Voltage represents a charging and discharging Voltage limit value of the power battery pack, and the unit is volt V;
alpha represents a protection factor when the power capability is converted into the current capability, and the value range is between 0 and 1;
beta represents a protection factor when the power capacity is converted into the current capacity, and the value range is between 0 and 1.
Furthermore, the fuel cell controller converts the state of charge of the power cell pack into the remaining energy of the hybrid power system by combining the remaining electricity generating amount of the fuel cell system and uses the state of charge (SOC) of the batterycombThe form is sent to the forklift controller.
Battery state of charge SOC of hybrid power supply systemcombThe corresponding expression is:
SOCcomb＝ωSOC×SOCscaled+(1-ωSOC)×H2SOC；
wherein, ω isSOCA weight representing a hybrid power supply battery state of charge;
SOCscaledrepresenting the state of charge of the battery pack scaled according to the available state of charge range of the battery pack;
h2SOC represents the percentage of hydrogen remaining in%.
Scaled battery pack state of charge SOCscaledThe corresponding expression is:
the RESS SOC represents the current state of charge of the power battery pack, and is calculated by the battery controller and uploaded to the fuel battery controller;
SOCLBthe lowest available state of charge of the power battery pack is represented, calculated by the battery controller and uploaded to the fuel battery controller;
SOCUBrepresenting the highest available state of charge of the power cell pack, is calculated by the cell controller and uploaded to the fuel cell controller.
Weight ω of the hybrid power source SOCSOCAnd according to the calculation of the hydrogen amount, the corresponding expression is as follows:
wherein, H2EnergyremainRepresenting the residual generating energy of hydrogen in the hybrid power supply, and the unit is kWh;
RESSEnergyremainthe unit of the remaining energy of the power battery pack is kWh.
H2Energy generated by hydrogen surplus in composite power supplyremainThe corresponding expression is:
H2Energyremain＝H2SOC×H2TankCapacity×FCEff；
wherein H2SOC represents the percentage of hydrogen remaining in units;
h2TankCapacity represents the total weight of hydrogen in the hydrogen tank, and the unit is kg;
FCEff represents the hydrogen-to-electricity conversion efficiency of the hybrid power supply in kWh/kg.
Thus, the available energy COMBOEnergy of the hybrid power systemremianThe following expression is satisfied:
COMBOEnergyremian＝RESSEnergyremain+H2Energyremain。
compared with the prior art, the fuel cell composite power supply system for the electric forklift has the following beneficial effects:
1) the fuel cell and the power cell pack are supplied to the electric forklift together in a form of a composite power system (hydrogen energy + electric energy), and for the electric forklift, the energy flow is still in the form of electric energy of a pure electric forklift;
2) the fuel cell controller comprehensively calculates the power energy signal of the composite power supply and autonomously controls power generation, so that the drive control framework of the modified pure electric forklift is reserved, and the newly added fuel cell system does not influence the design of software and hardware of the original pure electric forklift controller and the battery controller;
3) the existing low-voltage electric network of the modified pure electric forklift is basically reserved, except that the controller local area network of the power battery controller is realized by changing a communication wiring harness, the power battery controller is transferred into the composite power supply system from the whole forklift, and the power supply and communication of other controllers are kept unchanged;
4) the newly-added hydrogen system and the cooling subsystem are integrated into the composite power system, and the original design of the electric forklift is not influenced.
While, for purposes of simplicity of explanation, the methodologies are shown and described as a series of acts, it is to be understood and appreciated that the methodologies are not limited by the order of acts, as some acts may, in accordance with one or more embodiments, occur in different orders and/or concurrently with other acts from that shown and described herein or not shown and described herein, as would be understood by one skilled in the art.
As used in this application and the appended claims, the terms "a," "an," "the," and/or "the" are not intended to be inclusive in the singular, but rather are intended to be inclusive in the plural unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In general, the terms "comprises" and "comprising" merely indicate that steps and elements are included which are explicitly identified, that the steps and elements do not form an exclusive list, and that a method or apparatus may include other steps or elements.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The embodiments described above are provided to enable persons skilled in the art to make or use the invention and that modifications or variations can be made to the embodiments described above by persons skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention, so that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited by the embodiments described above but should be accorded the widest scope consistent with the innovative features set forth in the claims.
Claims (13)
1. A fuel cell composite power supply system for an electric forklift is characterized by comprising a fuel cell system and a power cell pack;
the fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell controller, and the power cell pack comprises a power cell controller;
the power battery controller is arranged in the fuel battery controller local area network and sends a power battery output capacity signal to the fuel battery controller;
the fuel cell controller combines the received power battery output capacity signal with the fuel cell power generation capacity signal and the response time to generate a comprehensive charge and discharge capacity signal of the composite power supply system and sends the comprehensive charge and discharge capacity signal to the forklift controller;
the fuel cell controller receives a power cell pack control instruction of the forklift controller, and sends the control instruction to the power cell controller by combining the state of the fuel cell system to control the power cell pack.
2. The fuel cell hybrid power supply system for an electric forklift according to claim 1, further comprising a hydrogen tank for storing hydrogen gas fuel required for an electrochemical reaction of the fuel cell;
the fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell stack and a stack auxiliary support system;
the fuel cell stack is used for performing hydrogen/oxygen electrochemical reaction and generating electric energy;
the electric pile auxiliary supporting system is used for auxiliary supporting of the electrochemical reaction of the fuel cell electric pile.
3. The hybrid fuel cell power system for an electric lift truck according to claim 2, wherein said power cell outputs a capability signal including a power cell status signal;
the power battery controller sends a power battery state signal to the fuel battery controller;
and the fuel cell controller adjusts the working point and the power generation capacity of the fuel cell stack according to the power cell state signal.
4. The fuel cell hybrid power supply system for an electric forklift according to claim 1, wherein the fuel cell controller transmits the hybrid power supply system integrated charge/discharge capacity signal to the forklift controller via the forklift controller area network in a power cell pack status signal format.
5. The fuel cell hybrid power supply system for an electric forklift according to claim 2, wherein the fuel cell controller is configured with a first-in first-out queue of a certain length, and stores a Current fuel cell stack Current signal FIFO FC Current and a Current Capability signal RESS Current Capability of the power cell pack.
6. The fuel cell hybrid power supply system for an electric forklift according to claim 5, wherein the hybrid power supply system integrated charge-discharge capability signal includes a hybrid power supply system integrated long-term charge-discharge capability signal:
the composite power supply system synthesizes long-term charge and discharge capacity signals, including a long-term Current input capacity signal Large Current LT capacity of the composite power supply systemCHGAnd a long-term Current output Capability signal Merged Current LT Capability of the hybrid power supply systemDCH；
The long-term current input capability signal corresponding expression of the composite power supply system is as follows:
Merged Current LT CapabilityCHG＝MIN(FIFO RESS Current LT CapabilityCHG)-MIN(FIFO FC Current)；
the long-term current output capacity signal corresponding expression of the composite power supply system is as follows:
Merged Current LT CapabilityDCH＝MIN(FIFO RESS Current LT CapabilityDCH)-MIN(FIFO FC Current)；
wherein, FIFO RESS Current LT CapabilityCHGThe method comprises the steps that a power battery pack long-term charging current capacity signal in the latest preset time period is stored in a first-in first-out queue mode;
FIFO RESS Current LT CapabilityDCHthe long-term discharge current capability signal of the power battery pack in the latest preset time period is stored in a first-in first-out queue mode.
7. The fuel cell hybrid power supply system for an electric forklift according to claim 5, wherein the hybrid power supply system integrated charge-discharge capability signal includes a hybrid power supply system integrated short-term charge-discharge capability signal:
the comprehensive short-term charging and discharging capacity signal of the composite power supply system comprises a short-term Current input capacity signal Large Current ST capacity of the composite power supply systemCHGAnd a short-term Current output Capability signal Merged Current ST Capability of the hybrid power supply systemDCH；
The short-term current input capacity signal corresponding expression of the composite power supply system is as follows:
Merged Current ST CapabilityCHG＝MIN(FIFO RESS Current ST CapabilityCHG)；
the short-term current output capacity signal corresponding expression of the composite power supply system is as follows:
Merged Current ST CapabilityDCH＝MIN(FIFO RESS Current ST CapabilityDCH)；
wherein, FIFO RESS Current ST CapabilityCHGIndicating storage in FIFO queue for the most recent predetermined period of timeA short-term charging capability signal of the power battery pack;
FIFO RESS Current ST CapabilityDCHthe short-term discharge capacity signal of the power battery pack in the latest preset time period is stored in a first-in first-out queue mode.
8. The hybrid fuel cell power system for an electric forklift according to claim 5, wherein the power cell outputs a capacity signal including a power cell charge-discharge capacity signal;
the power battery pack charging and discharging capacity signal comprises a power battery pack charging and discharging current capacity signal and/or a power battery pack charging and discharging power capacity signal;
the charging and discharging Current Capability signal RESS Current Capability of the power battery pack comprises a long/short-term charging Current Capability signal RESS Current LT/ST Capability of the power battery packCHGAnd a long/short term discharge Current Capability signal RESS Current LT/ST Capability of the power battery packDCH；
The Power battery pack charge and discharge Power Capability signal comprises a long/short term charge Power Capability signal RESS Power LT/ST Capability of the Power battery packCHGAnd a long/short term discharge Power Capability signal RESS Power LT/ST Capability of the Power battery packDCH；
The long/short term charging current capacity signal of the power battery pack and the long/short term charging power capacity signal of the power battery pack satisfy the following conversion expression:
the long/short term discharge current capability of the power battery pack and the long/short term discharge power capability of the power battery pack satisfy the following expression:
wherein RESS Voltage represents a charging and discharging Voltage limit value of the power battery pack, alpha represents a protection factor when power capacity is converted into current capacity, and beta represents a protection factor when power capacity is converted into current capacity.
9. The hybrid fuel cell power system as claimed in claim 4, wherein the fuel cell controller converts the state of charge of the power cell pack in combination with the remaining amount of electricity that can be generated in the fuel cell system into the remaining energy of the hybrid power system and uses the state of charge SOC of the batterycombThe form is sent to the forklift controller.
10. The fuel cell hybrid power supply system for an electric forklift according to claim 9, characterized in that a battery state of charge SOC of the hybrid power supply systemcombThe corresponding expression is:
SOCcomb＝ωSOC×SOCscaled+(1-ωSOC)×H2SOC；
wherein, ω isSOCA weight representing a hybrid power supply battery state of charge;
SOCscaledrepresenting the state of charge of the battery pack scaled according to the available state of charge range of the battery pack;
h2SOC represents the percentage of hydrogen remaining.
11. The fuel cell hybrid power system for electric forklifts of claim 10, wherein scaled battery pack state of charge SOCscaledThe corresponding expression is:
wherein the RESS SOC represents the current state of charge of the power battery pack;
SOCLBrepresenting the lowest available state of charge of the power battery pack;
SOCUBindicating power battery packThe highest available state of charge.
12. The fuel cell hybrid power supply system for an electric forklift according to claim 11, wherein the weight ω of the hybrid power supply SOCSOCThe corresponding expression is:
wherein, H2EnergyremainRepresenting the residual generating energy of the hydrogen in the hybrid power supply;
RESSEnergyremainrepresenting the remaining energy of the power battery pack.
13. The fuel cell hybrid power supply system for an electric forklift according to claim 11, wherein hydrogen remaining power generation Energy H2Energy in the hybrid power supplyremainThe corresponding expression is:
H2Energyremain＝H2SOC×H2TankCapacity×FCEff；
wherein H2SOC represents the percentage of hydrogen remaining;
h2TankCapacity represents the total weight of hydrogen in the hydrogen tank;
FCEff represents the hydrogen-to-electricity conversion efficiency of the hybrid power supply.
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