CN114178699B - Dissimilar metal laser cladding welding device and method - Google Patents
Dissimilar metal laser cladding welding device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114178699B CN114178699B CN202210004489.4A CN202210004489A CN114178699B CN 114178699 B CN114178699 B CN 114178699B CN 202210004489 A CN202210004489 A CN 202210004489A CN 114178699 B CN114178699 B CN 114178699B
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 125
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910001200 Ferrotitanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910001325 element alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 244000137852 Petrea volubilis Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004021 metal welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002056 binary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/24—Seam welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a dissimilar metal laser cladding welding device and a method, wherein the device comprises the following steps: a powder sieving device; a powder feeding device; the air source is used for providing protective atmosphere for the powder feeding device; cladding means for providing heat to the surface of the workpiece to cause the alloy powder to react with the surface of the workpiece; the relative positions of the conveying channel of the powder conveying device and the cladding device are fixed; a control system; is respectively connected with the powder sieving device, the powder feeding device and the cladding device. According to the invention, the heat source is adopted to melt the metal powder, so that the melted metal powder enters the lap welding upper metal test plate, and the welding heat input is regulated by controlling the addition amount of the metal powder in the upper metal molten pool, thereby being beneficial to the improvement of the mechanical property of the welding seam; the variety, thickness and number of phases at the interface connection position of the dissimilar metal are regulated and controlled, so that the dissimilar metal connection structure is further expanded; the welding method is simple and is convenient for mass production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a welding device and a method, in particular to a dissimilar metal laser cladding welding device and a method.
Background
With the further demands of economic development and technical innovation, new materials, new structures and new processes are continuously promoted. The dissimilar metal structural member can meet the performance requirements of different parts, especially the positions with special requirements on corrosion, abrasion, strength and the like. Besides, the dissimilar metal can also adopt cheap metal to replace part of precious or rare metal during welding, so that the production cost is saved. However, after dissimilar metal welding, there is a large difference in the properties and structure. For dissimilar metals which are easy to form intermetallic compounds, such as aluminum alloy/steel and titanium alloy/steel, a large number of various brittle phases are easy to form after welding, and the mechanical properties of the joint are affected; and for dissimilar metals which are not easy to react and are difficult to be dissolved in solid, such as magnesium alloy/steel and magnesium alloy/titanium alloy, metallurgical connection is difficult to realize after welding, and no connecting medium exists. The method commonly used at present is to add alloy elements, wherein for dissimilar metals which are easy to form intermetallic compounds, the addition of part of alloy elements can inhibit the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds or improve the plasticity and toughness of intermetallic compounds, and for dissimilar metals which are not easy to react and are solid-solved, the addition of part of alloy elements can promote interface reaction to realize metallurgical connection.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the invention aims to provide a dissimilar metal laser cladding welding device capable of improving the ductility and toughness of an interface layer;
A second object of the present invention is to provide a method for welding by using the above dissimilar metal laser cladding welding device.
The technical scheme is as follows: the dissimilar metal laser cladding welding device of the invention comprises:
a powder screening device for screening the particle size of the powder;
a powder feeding device for feeding powder to the surface of the workpiece; the air source is used for providing protective atmosphere for the powder feeding device;
cladding means for providing heat to the surface of the workpiece to cause the alloy powder to react with the surface of the workpiece;
wherein, the relative position of the conveying channel of the powder conveying device and the cladding device is fixed;
a control system; is respectively connected with the powder sieving device, the powder feeding device and the cladding device.
Wherein the included angle between the cladding device and the surface of the workpiece is 60-90 degrees.
The heat source provided by the cladding device is laser or a composite heat source of laser and electric arc.
Wherein, the both sides of send the powder device are equipped with the air vent.
Wherein, send powder device and cladding device coaxial. When the heat source is laser, the cladding device comprises a laser and a mechanical arm for fixing a laser head of the laser and the powder feeding device, and the laser head is coaxial with the powder feeding device.
Wherein, send powder device and laser head vertical spacing adjustable, be convenient for adjust laser power and defocus.
Wherein, a solid flowmeter is arranged on a pipeline connected with the powder sieving device and the powder feeding device; the powder feeding device is provided with a powder inlet; the number of the powder inlets is preferably four.
The air source comprises an air bottle, and an air flowmeter is arranged on a pipeline connected with the air bottle and the powder feeding device; the gas flowmeter, the solid flowmeter and the powder particle size range are selected and regulated by a control system; specifically, the control system can be regulated and controlled by inputting parameters.
A method for welding by using the dissimilar metal laser cladding welding device comprises the following steps:
(A) Pretreating dissimilar metal plates, and placing the dissimilar metal plates in a lap joint manner;
(B) Placing the metal powder particle size into a powder screening device to screen the particle size;
(C) And controlling the powder feeding device to convey the screened metal powder to the surface of the upper metal plate, and simultaneously, providing heat for the surface of the upper metal plate by the cladding device to weld.
Wherein the dissimilar metal is titanium alloy/steel, aluminum alloy/steel or magnesium alloy/steel;
When the dissimilar metal is aluminum alloy/steel or titanium alloy/steel, the steel is at the upper part during lap welding, the aluminum alloy and the titanium alloy are at the lower part, and a welding heat source directly acts on the upper metal;
When the dissimilar metal is magnesium alloy/steel, the magnesium alloy is arranged at the upper part and the steel is arranged at the lower part during lap welding.
Wherein when the dissimilar metals are placed in a lap joint mode, the overlapping width range between the dissimilar metals is 10-20 mm; in the step (C), the cladding device supplies heat to the dissimilar metal plate material within the overlapping width range of the upper plate and the lower plate.
Wherein, in the step (C), the powder feeding speed is 0-50 g/min, and 0 is not included; the welding speed is 7-15 mm/s.
The type, thickness and number of phases at the interface connection position of dissimilar metals can be regulated and controlled by controlling the addition amount of metal powder in the upper metal molten pool and regulating the welding heat input, the brittle phase formation trend of the dissimilar metals in aluminum alloy/steel and titanium alloy/steel is reduced, and the reaction of alloy elements and the metal powder is promoted.
The metal powder is pure metal powder, binary alloy or multi-element alloy; wherein the multi-element alloy comprises medium-entropy alloy or high-entropy alloy with equal atomic ratio and multi-element alloy with unequal atomic ratio; directly spraying metal powder on the surface of an upper metal plate through a powder feeding device, stirring and mixing the melted powder and the upper melted metal under the action of laser, and simultaneously, starting to melt the lower metal and entering a molten pool formed by the melted powder and the upper melted metal to form an upper metal, lower metal and metal powder alloy element mixing zone;
when the metal powder is a medium entropy alloy powder, the composition is CoCrNi, and the atomic percentages of the metal powder are respectively as follows: 25% -45%, cr:25% -45%, ni:25% -45%. The medium-entropy alloy element preferentially reacts with the test plate alloy element, so that the formation of brittle phases is reduced, and the medium-entropy alloy element enters the interface layer to promote the performance of the interface layer compound.
In the step (1), the surface of the metal plate to be welded is polished by sand paper, and then the surface of the metal plate is pickled by 5% sulfuric acid aqueous solution to remove oxide skin, so that the metal plate with a neat and clean surface is obtained.
Wherein, in the step (2), metal powder with the particle size range of 45-105 μm is selected.
When the heat source is laser, the laser power is set to 1500-3000W, the welding speed is 7-15 mm/s, and the laser defocusing amount is +2-10 mm.
In the step (3), during cladding welding, shielding gas is provided for the powder feeding device to protect the welding quality of the surface, and the speed of the shielding gas is adjustable; the protective gas is directly sprayed on the surface of the metal test plate through the powder feeding device, so that the effect of protecting the quality of the surface of the welding line is achieved, the adopted protective gas is preferably pure argon, and the gas flow is 10-30L/min.
Working principle: in the invention, a lap welding mode is adopted in dissimilar metal welding, metal powder directly falls into the surface of an upper workpiece, molten metal powder enters the upper workpiece under the action of a heat source, and metal elements react with alloy elements of a lower workpiece under the stirring action of the heat source to form a connecting interface; in the welding process, the forming and performance regulation of dissimilar metals are realized by controlling the melting amount of lower metals and the melting amount of metal powder.
The invention adopts the lap welding mode, and for the dissimilar metal which is easy to react, a large amount of intermetallic compounds are generated during butt welding, the effect of alloy powder is not obvious, the joint after welding is formed poorly and is easy to crack, therefore, the aim of improving the plasticity and toughness of the interface layer is realized by controlling the content of the alloy powder entering a molten pool and controlling the melting amount of lower metal by adopting the lap welding method.
The beneficial effects are that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable effects: 1. the heat source is adopted to melt the metal powder, so that the melted metal powder enters the lap welding upper metal test plate, the welding heat input is adjusted by controlling the addition amount of the metal powder in the upper metal molten pool, the reaction of dissimilar metals in aluminum alloy/steel and titanium alloy/steel is replaced or reduced, the reaction of alloy elements in magnesium alloy/steel and the metal powder is promoted, and the improvement of the mechanical property of a welding seam is facilitated; 2. the variety, thickness and number of phases at the interface connection position of the dissimilar metal are regulated and controlled, so that the dissimilar metal connection structure is further expanded; 3. the welding method is simple and is convenient for mass production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a scan of a welded sample of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the dissimilar metal laser cladding welding device provided by the invention comprises: a powder storage device 1; the powder screening device 2 is used for screening the particle size of the metal powder, and the outlet of the powder storage device 1 is connected with the inlet of the powder screening device 2; the powder feeding device 5 is used for conveying metal powder to the surface of the test plate, the outlet of the powder screening device 2 is connected with the inlet of the powder feeding device 5, and the number of the inlets of the powder feeding device 5 is preferably four; a solid flowmeter 3 is arranged on a pipeline connected with the powder sieving device 2 and the powder feeding device 5; the two sides of the powder feeding device 5 are provided with vent holes.
The powder feeding device 5 also comprises a gas source for providing a protective atmosphere to the interior of the powder feeding device; the air source of the embodiment comprises an air cylinder 9, the air cylinder 9 is connected with the powder feeding device through an air inlet 4 on the powder feeding device, and an air flowmeter 8 is arranged on a pipeline connected with the air cylinder 9 and the powder feeding device 5; the selection of the gas flowmeter 8, the solid flowmeter 3 and the powder particle size range is regulated and controlled by the control system 10; specifically, the control system 10 may be regulated by input parameters.
The cladding device is used for providing heat to the surface of the workpiece so that the metal powder reacts with the surface of the workpiece; the included angle between the cladding device and the surface of the workpiece is 60-90 degrees.
The heat source provided by the cladding device is laser or a composite heat source of laser and electric arc. The relative position of the conveying channel of the powder conveying device 5 and the cladding device is fixed, and the powder conveying device 5 and the cladding device are coaxial. The cladding device of the embodiment comprises a laser 11 and a robot 13 for fixing a laser head of the laser 11 and the powder feeding device 5, wherein the laser head is coaxial with the powder feeding device 5. The laser 11 is connected to the controller by an optical fiber 12. The powder feeding device 5 of the present embodiment is fixed to the laser 11 by a fixing device. In order to better represent the connection structure of the robot, the laser and the powder feeding device, a combined schematic diagram of the powder feeding device and the test plate is shown in a dashed line frame in fig. 1.
The vertical distance between the powder feeding device 5 and the laser head is adjustable, so that the laser power and the defocusing amount can be conveniently adjusted.
Also included is a control system 10; is respectively connected with the powder sieving device 2, the powder feeding device 5 and the cladding device. The control system is connected with the computer 14, and various parameters of welding, such as powder feeding parameters and laser welding parameters, can be set on the computer 14.
The method for welding the titanium alloy/steel by using the dissimilar metal laser cladding welding device comprises the following steps:
Firstly, selecting a TC4 titanium alloy sheet and a DP800 high-strength steel sheet which are widely applied as heterogeneous metal connection test plates, wherein the thicknesses of the TC4 titanium alloy sheet and the DP800 high-strength steel sheet are 1.0mm; polishing the surfaces of the two test boards by adopting sand paper, and then pickling the surfaces of the test boards by adopting 5% sulfuric acid aqueous solution to remove oxide skin to obtain a clean test board 7 with a neat surface;
Secondly, lap welding titanium alloy/steel: the steel test plate is arranged at the upper part, the titanium alloy test plate is arranged at the lower part, the steel and titanium alloy test plates are fixed by a special fixture, the overlapping width range of the steel and titanium alloy is 15mm, and the overlapping range can be 10-20 mm;
Thirdly, screening the medium-entropy alloy powder with proper particle size by using a powder screening device 2, and selecting the medium-entropy alloy powder with the particle size range of about 60-90 mu m, wherein the particle size of the powder can be 45-105 mu m, the powder feeding rate of the powder is 30g/min, the powder feeding rate can be 0-50 g/min, and the powder feeding device 5 is positioned under a laser head and coaxial with the laser head;
Fourth step, setting laser parameters: the laser power is 2000W, and the power can be 1500-3000W; the welding speed is 8mm/s, the speed can be 7-15 mm/s, the laser defocusing amount is +5mm, the defocusing amount can be +2-10 mm, the laser cladding welding shielding gas is pure argon, the gas flow is 15L/min, and the flow can be 10-30L/min; in the welding process, the laser is vertical to the upper surface of the steel test plate, and acts on the upper plate in a range of overlapping width of the upper plate and the lower plate;
And fifthly, after the powder feeding parameters and the laser welding parameters are set, performing intelligent intermediate feeding entropy alloy powder lap welding by the control system 10 for titanium alloy/steel laser cladding.
The invention utilizes the characteristics of high strength of the medium entropy alloy and easy reaction with dissimilar metals to reduce the formation of brittle phases, adopts a laser heat source to melt the medium entropy alloy powder, enables the melted powder to enter the lap welding upper metal, controls the addition of the medium entropy alloy in an upper metal molten pool through the intelligent powder feeding device 5, adjusts the welding heat input, regulates and controls the types, thickness and quantity of the phases at the interface connection position of the dissimilar metals, replaces or reduces the reaction of the dissimilar metals in aluminum alloy/steel and titanium alloy/steel, promotes the reaction of alloy elements in magnesium alloy/steel and the medium entropy alloy, is beneficial to the improvement of the mechanical property of welding seams, and further expands the dissimilar metal connection structure.
FIG. 2 shows a titanium alloy/steel lap weld sample obtained using the apparatus and method of the invention, and it can be seen that the invention achieves a good joint with a joint shear strength of 160N/mm.
Claims (4)
1. A method for welding by using a dissimilar metal laser cladding welding device is characterized in that,
The dissimilar metal laser cladding welding device comprises:
A powder screening device (2) for screening the grain size of the medium-entropy alloy powder;
a powder feeding device (5) for feeding the medium entropy alloy powder to the surface of the workpiece; the air source is used for providing protective atmosphere for the powder feeding device (5);
Cladding means for providing heat to the surface of the workpiece such that the intermediate alloy powder reacts with the surface of the workpiece;
Wherein, the relative positions of the conveying channel of the powder conveying device (5) and the cladding device are fixed;
A control system (10); respectively connected with the powder sieving device (2), the powder feeding device (5) and the cladding device;
the method comprises the following steps:
(A) Pretreating dissimilar metal plates, and placing the dissimilar metal plates in a lap joint manner; when placed in a lap joint mode, the overlapping width range between dissimilar metals is 10-20 mm; the dissimilar metal is titanium alloy/steel, the steel is arranged at the upper part during lap welding, the titanium alloy is arranged at the lower part, and a welding heat source directly acts on the upper metal;
(B) Placing the medium-entropy alloy powder into a powder screening device (2) for screening;
(C) Controlling a powder feeding device (5) to convey the screened medium-entropy alloy powder to the surface of the upper metal plate, and simultaneously, providing heat for the surface of the upper metal plate by a cladding device to weld;
The powder feeding speed is 0-50 g/min, excluding 0; the welding speed is 7-15 mm/s; the laser power is 1500-3000W; the laser defocusing amount is +2-10 mm;
the cladding device provides heat for the overlapping width range of the upper plate and the lower plate of the dissimilar metal plate; the heat source provided by the cladding device is laser;
the medium entropy alloy powder is directly sprayed on the surface of the upper metal plate through a powder feeder, and under the action of laser, the melted powder and the melted metal at the upper part are stirred and mixed, and at the same time, the metal at the lower part also starts to melt and enters a molten pool formed by the melted powder and the melted metal at the upper part to form an alloy element mixing area of the upper metal, the lower metal and the medium entropy alloy powder.
2. The method for welding by using a dissimilar metal laser cladding welding device according to claim 1, wherein an included angle between the cladding device and the surface of the workpiece is 60-90 °.
3. The welding method by using the dissimilar metal laser cladding welding device according to claim 1, wherein the two sides of the powder feeding device (5) are provided with vent holes.
4. The method of welding with a dissimilar metal laser cladding welding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the powder feeder (5) is coaxial with the cladding apparatus.
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| CN115229194B (en) * | 2022-09-22 | 2023-01-03 | 太原理工大学 | Method for realizing connection of titanium steel medium plate by high-speed laser cladding additive CuNi alloy |
| CN116000455B (en) * | 2022-12-30 | 2024-05-10 | 大连理工大学 | Overlap welding method for magnesium/steel heterogeneous metal electronic device structure |
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| CN111515530A (en) * | 2020-05-19 | 2020-08-11 | 上海工程技术大学 | Laser wire feeding welding method for aluminum-silicon coating hot forming steel |
| CN111590204A (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-08-28 | 华东交通大学 | Method for inhibiting generation of brittle intermetallic compounds of weld joint by laser high-entropy powder filling welding |
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