CN114177559A - Fire CO synchronous disposal method coupling suffocation fire extinguishing and catalytic oxidation - Google Patents
Fire CO synchronous disposal method coupling suffocation fire extinguishing and catalytic oxidation Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
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- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 206010003497 Asphyxia Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 206010000369 Accident Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 8
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 3
- UBEWDCMIDFGDOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Co+2].[Co+3].[Co+3] UBEWDCMIDFGDOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010054147 Hemoglobins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000001554 Hemoglobins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 230000010718 Oxidation Activity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZBYYWKJVSFHYJL-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+);diacetate;tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Co+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O ZBYYWKJVSFHYJL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- GPKIXZRJUHCCKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(5-methyl-2-propan-2-ylphenoxy)methyl]oxirane Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1OCC1OC1 GPKIXZRJUHCCKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000001408 Carbon monoxide poisoning Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010003320 Carboxyhemoglobin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZRIUUUJAJJNDSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium phosphates Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O ZRIUUUJAJJNDSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009967 tasteless effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C31/00—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
- A62C31/005—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material using nozzles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C31/00—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
- A62C31/28—Accessories for delivery devices, e.g. supports
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/864—Removing carbon monoxide or hydrocarbons
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
- A62C99/0045—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames using solid substances, e.g. sand, ashes; using substances forming a crust
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
- B01D2257/502—Carbon monoxide
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
- Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
- Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
Abstract
The invention discloses a fire CO synchronous disposal method coupling suffocation fire extinguishing and catalytic oxidation, which utilizes high-pressure gas as driving force to spray dry powder and catalyst powder towards a fire source in sequence to form an isolation layer and a CO oxidation layer on the surface of combustible respectively. The isolation layer can rapidly extinguish flame, inhibit the smoldering intensity inside the fuel through oxygen isolation, and reduce the generation amount of CO; the CO oxide layer realizes CO elimination through catalytic oxidation. When CO gas generated by smoldering passes through the oxide layer, it is captured by the catalyst and rapidly oxidized into CO2Thereby realizing the rapid and efficient elimination of CO gas. The method aims at efficiently eliminating CO toxic products in the fire disaster of the limited space and realizing CO elimination at the fire sourceBesides, CO diffusion is effectively avoided, and the trapped people can escape safely. Provides a new idea for quickly and efficiently eliminating CO in fire accidents and reduces casualties.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fire safety, in particular to a fire CO synchronous disposal method coupling suffocation fire extinguishing and catalytic oxidation.
Background
Because of incomplete combustion of the carbon-based material, a fire disaster can generate a large amount of carbon monoxide toxic gas, which is always a main risk factor threatening the life safety of trapped people. The affinity of carbon monoxide and hemoglobin in blood is 200-300 times higher than that of oxygen, so that carboxyhemoglobin can be formed to make hemoglobin lose oxygen carrying capacity, and thus, the tissue is suffocated to cause death of people. Statistically, more than 75% of victims are due to carbon monoxide poisoning. Carbon monoxide gas is stable in chemical property, colorless and tasteless, and is hardly dissolved in any solvent, and elimination research of the carbon monoxide gas is always an industrial problem. Currently, the most common means of controlling flue gas flow and reducing CO concentration are ventilation systems, including mechanical fume extraction and natural ventilation. Due to poor operation stability of ventilation equipment, continuous generation and rapid diffusion of fire smoke, the ventilation system is difficult to rapidly and efficiently eliminate CO generated in a limited space. The existing fire extinguishing agent has higher fire extinguishing efficiency, but cannot play a role of completely eliminating carbon monoxide, so how to realize the synchronous disposal of the carbon monoxide in the fire, and the problem of emergency aid and the guarantee of the life safety of trapped people is urgently to be solved by researchers.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem is as follows: the invention aims to overcome the problem of quickly eliminating the carbon monoxide in the fire disaster and provide a novel method for efficiently eliminating the carbon monoxide in the fire disaster in the limited space.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention discloses a fire CO synchronous disposal method coupling suffocation fire extinguishing and catalytic oxidation, which is characterized in that a dry powder extinguishing agent and catalyst powder are sequentially loaded into a CO eliminating device, and the dry powder extinguishing agent and the catalyst powder are sprayed to a fire source in sequence by adopting compressed gas as driving force, so that CO elimination is realized, and the method comprises the following steps:
preparation of CO elimination device: the method comprises the following steps of adopting a CO eliminating device consisting of a storage tank, a siphon pipe and a material spraying valve, wherein the upper end of the siphon pipe is connected with the material spraying valve, and the tail end of the siphon pipe is positioned at the bottom of the storage tank; grinding the catalyst powder to a set particle size, and activating at high temperature in a dry air atmosphere; then sequentially filling the dry powder extinguishing agent and the catalyst powder into a storage tank, and filling inert dry gas until the pressure in the tank is between 0.5 and 2 MPa;
CO elimination device arrangement: identifying a fire hazard source, and placing a CO eliminating device filled with a dry powder extinguishing agent, catalyst powder and inert dry gas in an area near the fire hazard source;
c, CO synchronous disposal: when a fire disaster happens, a material spraying valve in the CO eliminating device is started, and the dry powder extinguishing agent and the catalyst powder are sprayed towards a fire source in sequence; the dry powder fire extinguishing agent forms an isolation layer (1) on the surface of the combustible, and reduces the generation amount of CO by inhibiting the combustion intensity; the catalyst powder forms an oxide layer (2) above the insulating layer (1), and CO gas generated by smoldering is eliminated through catalytic oxidation.
The main active component of the catalyst is single metal oxide or multiple composite metal oxides in manganese, iron, cobalt and copper, and the CO oxidation reaction rate is not lower than 0.1 mmol/(g.h) in an environment with the temperature of 50-500 ℃ and the RH of 30-100%.
And grinding the catalyst powder to a set granularity of 100-500 meshes.
The high-temperature activation temperature of the catalyst is 200-300 ℃, and the activation time is more than 0.5 hour.
The mass ratio of the catalyst powder filled into the storage tank to the dry powder extinguishing agent is 1: 1-10.
The ratio of the volume of the catalyst and the dry powder extinguishing agent filled into the storage tank to the volume of the storage tank is 2: 3-6.
The dry powder extinguishing agent is ABC dry powder extinguishing agent.
The triggering mode of the material spraying valve in the CO eliminating device comprises an active mode and a passive mode.
The carbon monoxide elimination device comprises a portable type, a trolley type or a suspension type.
Has the advantages that: by adopting the technical scheme, the novel method for synchronously disposing the fire carbon monoxide is provided based on the coupling effect of dry powder extinguishing and catalytic oxidation of the catalyst, the carbon monoxide is efficiently eliminated by combustion inhibition and carbon monoxide oxidation, the synchronous disposal of the fire carbon monoxide is realized, and a novel way is provided for emergency aid and the life safety of trapped people. The problem of because ventilation equipment operating stability is poor, the conflagration flue gas continuously produces and spreads rapidly, the ventilation system is difficult to eliminate the CO that produces in the confined space fast high-efficiently is solved. Compared with the traditional ventilation system, the ventilation system has the advantages of excellent effect, simplicity in operation, low cost, safety and no toxicity, and has great significance for emergency assistance and life safety guarantee of trapped people.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of eliminating carbon monoxide according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the field use of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. an insulating layer; 2. and oxidizing the layer.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to examples in the drawings to which:
the invention relates to a fire CO synchronous disposal method coupling suffocation fire extinguishing and catalytic oxidation, which comprises the steps of adopting a solid carbon-based material aiming at fire combustible substances, sequentially filling a dry powder extinguishing agent and catalyst powder into a CO elimination device, and adopting compressed gas as a driving force to spray the dry powder extinguishing agent and the catalyst powder to a fire source in sequence so as to realize CO elimination, wherein the method comprises the following specific steps:
preparation of CO elimination device: the method comprises the following steps of adopting a CO eliminating device consisting of a storage tank, a siphon pipe and a material spraying valve, wherein the upper end of the siphon pipe is connected with the material spraying valve, and the tail end of the siphon pipe is positioned at the bottom of the storage tank; grinding the catalyst powder to a set particle size, and activating at high temperature in a dry air atmosphere; then sequentially filling the dry powder extinguishing agent and the catalyst powder into a storage tank, and filling inert dry gas until the pressure in the tank is between 0.5 and 2 MPa; the dry powder extinguishing agent is an ABC dry powder extinguishing agent taking triammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and a mixture thereof as base materials as main components; the main active component of the catalyst is single metal oxide or multiple composite metal oxides in manganese, iron, cobalt and copper, and the CO oxidation reaction rate is not lower than 0.1 mmol/(g.h) in an environment with the temperature of 50-500 ℃ and the RH of 30-100 percent; grinding the catalyst powder to a set particle size of 100-500 meshes; the high-temperature activation temperature of the catalyst is 200-300 ℃, and the activation time is more than 0.5 hour. The mass ratio of the catalyst powder loaded into the storage tank to the dry powder extinguishing agent is 1: 1-10; the ratio of the volume of the catalyst and the dry powder extinguishing agent filled into the storage tank to the volume of the storage tank is 2: 3-6.
CO elimination device arrangement: identifying a fire hazard source, and placing a CO eliminating device filled with a dry powder extinguishing agent, catalyst powder and inert dry gas in an area near the fire hazard source; the triggering mode of the material spraying valve in the CO eliminating device comprises an active mode and a passive mode. The active triggering mode mainly comprises sensors of temperature, gas concentration and the like, an electromagnetic valve and a control module, when the sensors monitor that parameters are abnormal, the electromagnetic valve is immediately opened through the control module, and powder spraying is achieved. The passive triggering mode is mainly realized by a spray pipe and a switch handle, and the powder is sprayed out through the spray pipe by starting the switch handle.
The CO carbide eliminator consists of a portable, cart-type or suspended type one, which consists of mainly a storage tank, a siphon, a material spraying valve and a handle fixed onto the storage tank; the suspension type eliminating device mainly comprises a storage tank, a siphon pipe, a material spraying valve and a lifting ring, wherein the lifting ring is fixed on the storage tank; the moving wheel is fixed at the bottom of the hand-push bracket; the cart-type eliminating device mainly comprises a storage tank, a siphon pipe, a material spraying valve, a moving wheel and a hand-push bracket, wherein the storage tank is fixed on the hand-push bracket, and the moving wheel is fixed at the bottom of the hand-push bracket.
C, CO synchronous disposal: when a fire disaster happens, a material spraying valve in the CO eliminating device is started, and the dry powder extinguishing agent and the catalyst powder are sprayed towards a fire source in sequence; the dry powder fire extinguishing agent forms an isolation layer 1 on the surface of the combustible, and reduces the generation amount of CO by inhibiting the combustion intensity; the catalyst powder forms an oxide layer 2 above the insulating layer 1, and CO gas generated by smoldering is eliminated through catalytic oxidation. As shown in fig. 1, an insulating layer 1 and an oxide layer 2 are formed above the fire source in sequence, and the elimination of CO is realized by suffocation fire extinguishing and catalytic oxidation, respectively.
Application example I,
Carbon monoxide elimination performance of carbon monoxide synchronous treatment method researched by using 1-cubic combustion chamber
Arranging a smoke exhaust pipeline at the top of the combustion chamber, and monitoring the change of the concentration of carbon monoxide in the smoke by using a carbon monoxide analyzer; 760g of charcoal was used as an igniter, and the main active ingredient of the selected catalyst powder was tricobalt tetraoxide (Co)3O4)，Co3O4The preparation method comprises the following steps:
a. adding cobalt acetate tetrahydrate into deionized water, and stirring at room temperature for half an hour;
b. the solution of step a was heated to 80 ℃ and 0.2mol/L sodium carbonate was added dropwise to the solution over half an hour with constant stirring, and the resulting mixture was stirred for an additional 1 hour. The molar ratio of the cobalt acetate tetrahydrate to the sodium carbonate is 1: 2;
c. washing the solid precipitate obtained in the step b with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol repeatedly for a plurality of times, and drying in a drying oven at 60 ℃ for 12 hours; calcining the dried solid in a muffle furnace for 4 hours at the calcining temperature of 400 ℃ to obtain black powder, namely Co3O4A catalyst;
d. milling the Co obtained in step c using a planetary ball mill3O4The catalyst is sieved for 2 hours by using 100-mesh and 500-mesh screens, and 100-500-mesh Co is obtained3O4The catalyst powder is the catalyst powder to be used.
Prepared Co3O4The carbon monoxide catalytic oxidation activity of the catalyst powder is carried out in a fixed bed quartz reactor. Experimental results show that the catalyst can oxidize 12% of carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide at 50 ℃, can completely oxidize the carbon monoxide into the carbon dioxide at 123 ℃, and has high CO oxidation reaction rate in an environment with the temperature of 50-300 ℃ and 100% RHAt 0.1 mmol/(g.h).
The volume of the catalyst storage tank is 1L, the weight of the loaded catalyst powder is 0.43kg (0.5L), and high-purity nitrogen is filled until the air pressure in the tank body is 0.5 MPa. After the charcoal is ignited, 76g of dry powder extinguishing agent is sprayed to the charcoal pile by using a dry powder extinguisher, and 30g of catalyst powder is sprayed after 20 seconds.
The carbon monoxide treatment capacity of this method is shown in FIG. 3, and the carbon monoxide concentration is instantaneously reduced from about 130ppm to 0ppm after the use of this method.
Application examples II,
Testing the carbon monoxide elimination performance of the carbon monoxide synchronous disposal method in the full-size single-head roadway
The method comprises the following steps of selecting a tunnel with the width of 5m, the height of 3m and the length of 50m, placing 20kg of coal in the middle of the tunnel, igniting by using 1L of diesel oil, and selecting the catalyst powder with the main active components of copper and cobalt, wherein the preparation method of the copper and cobalt comprises the following steps:
a. adding cobalt nitrate and copper nitrate into deionized water, and stirring for half an hour at room temperature; the molar ratio of copper to cobalt was 2: 1.
b. The solution of step a was heated to 80 ℃ and 0.2mol/L sodium carbonate was added dropwise to the ethylene glycol solution over half an hour with constant stirring, and the resulting mixture was stirred for a further 1 hour. The molar ratio of cobalt nitrate and copper nitrate to sodium carbonate is 1: 2;
c. washing the solid precipitate obtained in the step b with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol repeatedly for a plurality of times, and drying in a drying oven at 60 ℃ for 12 hours; calcining the dried solid in a muffle furnace for 4 hours at 400 ℃, wherein the obtained black powder is the required catalyst;
d. and d, grinding the catalyst obtained in the step c for 2 hours by using a planetary ball mill, and sieving by using 100-mesh and 500-mesh sieves, wherein the catalyst powder of 100-500 meshes is the catalyst powder to be used.
The carbon monoxide catalytic oxidation activity of the prepared catalyst powder is carried out in a fixed bed quartz reactor, and experimental results show that the CO conversion rate of the catalyst is 15% at 50 ℃, the carbon monoxide can be completely oxidized into carbon dioxide at 70 ℃, and the CO oxidation reaction rate of the catalyst is more than 0.1 mmol/(g.h) at 50-300 ℃ and in a 100% RH environment.
The volume of the catalyst storage tank is 5L, the weight of the catalyst powder is 2kg (2.3L), and high-purity nitrogen is filled until the air pressure in the tank body reaches 1 MPa. After the coal is ignited, a dry powder fire extinguisher is firstly used for spraying 3kg of dry powder fire extinguishing agent to the coal pile, and after 30s, 1.5kg of catalyst powder is sprayed. Experimental results show that the concentration of carbon monoxide in the roadway can reach 1653ppm when the method is not adopted; after the method is adopted, the concentration of the carbon monoxide in the roadway only reaches 134 ppm.
Claims (9)
1. A fire CO synchronous disposal method coupling suffocation fire extinguishing and catalytic oxidation is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps of sequentially filling a dry powder extinguishing agent and catalyst powder into a CO eliminating device, and spraying the dry powder extinguishing agent and the catalyst powder to a fire source in sequence by using compressed gas as a driving force so as to realize CO elimination, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
preparation of CO elimination device: the method comprises the following steps of adopting a CO eliminating device consisting of a storage tank, a siphon pipe and a material spraying valve, wherein the upper end of the siphon pipe is connected with the material spraying valve, and the tail end of the siphon pipe is positioned at the bottom of the storage tank; grinding the catalyst powder to a set particle size, and activating at high temperature in a dry air atmosphere; then sequentially filling the dry powder extinguishing agent and the catalyst powder into a storage tank, and filling inert dry gas until the pressure in the tank is between 0.5 and 2 MPa;
CO elimination device arrangement: identifying a fire hazard source, and placing a CO eliminating device filled with a dry powder extinguishing agent, catalyst powder and inert dry gas in an area near the fire hazard source;
c, CO synchronous disposal: when a fire disaster happens, a material spraying valve in the CO eliminating device is started, and the dry powder extinguishing agent and the catalyst powder are sprayed towards a fire source in sequence; the dry powder fire extinguishing agent forms an isolation layer (1) on the surface of the combustible, and reduces the generation amount of CO by inhibiting the combustion intensity; the catalyst powder forms an oxide layer (2) above the insulating layer (1), and CO gas generated by smoldering is eliminated through catalytic oxidation.
2. A fire CO synchronous disposal method by coupling asphyxia fire extinguishing and catalytic oxidation according to claim 1, wherein the main active component of the catalyst is single metal oxide or multiple composite metal oxides of manganese, iron, cobalt and copper, and the CO oxidation reaction rate is not lower than 0.1 mmol/(g-h) in an environment with a temperature of 50-500 ℃ and a RH of 30-100%.
3. The CO synchronous fire hazard disposal method coupling asphyxiation fire extinguishing and catalytic oxidation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and grinding the catalyst powder to a set granularity of 100-500 meshes.
4. The CO synchronous fire hazard disposal method coupling asphyxiation fire extinguishing and catalytic oxidation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the high-temperature activation temperature of the catalyst is 200-300 ℃, and the activation time is more than 0.5 hour.
5. The CO synchronous fire hazard disposal method coupling asphyxiation fire extinguishing and catalytic oxidation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the mass ratio of the catalyst powder filled into the storage tank to the dry powder extinguishing agent is 1: 1-10.
6. The CO synchronous fire hazard disposal method coupling asphyxiation fire extinguishing and catalytic oxidation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the ratio of the volume of the catalyst and the dry powder extinguishing agent filled into the storage tank to the volume of the storage tank is 2: 3-6.
7. The CO synchronous fire hazard disposal method coupling asphyxiation fire extinguishing and catalytic oxidation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the dry powder extinguishing agent is ABC dry powder extinguishing agent.
8. The CO synchronous fire hazard disposal method coupling asphyxiation fire extinguishing and catalytic oxidation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the triggering mode of the material spraying valve in the CO eliminating device comprises an active mode and a passive mode.
9. The CO synchronous fire hazard disposal method coupling asphyxiation fire extinguishing and catalytic oxidation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the carbon monoxide elimination device comprises a portable type, a trolley type or a suspension type.
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