CN113578047A - Method for rapidly eliminating carbon monoxide toxic products generated by explosion in long and narrow limited space - Google Patents
Method for rapidly eliminating carbon monoxide toxic products generated by explosion in long and narrow limited space Download PDFInfo
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- CN113578047A CN113578047A CN202111004114.XA CN202111004114A CN113578047A CN 113578047 A CN113578047 A CN 113578047A CN 202111004114 A CN202111004114 A CN 202111004114A CN 113578047 A CN113578047 A CN 113578047A
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Abstract
A method for quickly eliminating carbon monoxide toxic products generated by explosion in a long and narrow limited space includes the steps of firstly identifying a dangerous area with possibility of explosion accidents in the long and narrow limited space, setting a carbon monoxide elimination section between an explosion source point and a person dense area, a refuge place or an escape passage, adopting a powder groove filled with CO catalyst powder and a powder groove support two-part structure, utilizing high-temperature and high-pressure shock waves generated by explosion to instantly crush or turn over the powder groove, throwing the CO catalyst powder into the air to form a high-concentration eliminator powder cloud band, and based on the principle of carbon monoxide catalytic oxidation, actively adsorbing carbon monoxide molecules by the suspended CO catalyst powder and quickly oxidizing the carbon monoxide molecules into carbon dioxide to realize quick elimination of carbon monoxide. The explosion shock wave is used as a power source for throwing the CO catalyst powder, so that power equipment is avoided, the reliability is high, and the device is suitable for explosion disasters. Greatly reduces the concentration of carbon monoxide in the environment after explosion and provides more sufficient escape time for trapped people.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of toxic gas purification, in particular to a method for quickly eliminating carbon monoxide toxic products generated by explosion in a narrow and long limited space.
Background
Due to unstable factors such as gas surge, suspended coal dust accumulation and the like, explosion danger exists in narrow and long limited spaces such as construction tunnels, underground mines and the like, and the explosion will cause extremely serious consequences and cause a great amount of casualties and property loss. In recent decades, various scholars have conducted a great deal of research on explosion safety control technologies, and have made important progress, such as explosion suppression technologies like explosion suppression water bags and rock sheds, explosion suppression technologies like airbags and explosion venting technologies like rupture disks, and these safety control measures can effectively reduce the explosion intensity and the propagation velocity of shock waves, thereby weakening the destruction degree of explosion, but cannot eliminate carbon monoxide gas generated by explosion. Due to incomplete combustion of the carbon-based material, a large amount of carbon monoxide gas is generated in the explosion process, so that the personnel involved in the danger are poisoned and unconscious and even die. According to statistics, more than 70% of the coal mine underground explosion accidents are caused by carbon monoxide poisoning. Therefore, the research and development of the method can reduce the high-concentration carbon monoxide generated by explosion in a short time to a low-risk area, is beneficial to risk-involved personnel to smoothly escape in the gold escape time, and has very important scientific value and practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem is as follows: the invention aims to weaken the toxic action of a carbon monoxide product on dangerous personnel in an explosion accident and provides a method for quickly eliminating the carbon monoxide toxic product in an explosion in a narrow and long limited space.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention discloses a method for quickly eliminating carbon monoxide toxic products generated by explosion in a narrow and long limited space, which comprises the following steps:
a. firstly, identifying a dangerous area with the possibility of explosion accidents in a long and narrow limited space, and setting a carbon monoxide elimination section between an explosion source point and a personnel dense area, a refuge place or an escape channel, wherein the distance between the carbon monoxide elimination section and the explosion source point is not less than 20 m;
b. a horizontally arranged support plate is built in the carbon monoxide elimination section, the support plate is hung on a roadway top plate, and a limit plate is arranged on the support plate;
c. a plurality of powder grooves filled with CO catalyst powder are placed on the supporting plate and fixed through limiting plates; a layer of drying agent is laid on the CO catalyst powder to ensure that the CO catalyst powder has a high layer height of H1Layer height H with desiccant2Satisfies the following conditions: 0.1<H2/H1<0.3；
d. When an explosion accident occurs in a narrow and long limited space, the precursor shock wave generated by explosion breaks or lifts the powder groove, CO catalyst powder in the powder groove is thrown into a roadway to form a high-concentration CO catalyst powder cloud band, carbon monoxide is rapidly captured and oxidized into carbon dioxide gas, and therefore the carbon monoxide is rapidly eliminated.
The supporting plate is divided into a fixed type and a movable type; the fixed support plate is fixed at the top of the roadway through anchor rods, the anchor rods are vertically distributed on a top plate of the roadway, and the fixed support plate is fixedly connected with the lower ends of the anchor rods; the movable support plate is supported at the top of the roadway through a detachable support, the detachable support comprises a base, support columns and a cross beam, and the movable support plate and the cross beam are fastened together through bolts.
The powder groove is a brittle plastic groove or a foam groove, the nominal volume is 40-120L, and the crushing pressure of the powder groove is less than 15 kPa.
The powder groove comprises a groove body and a groove cover covering the groove body, the groove body is connected with the groove cover through a sealing ring, and a groove buckled with the groove body correspondingly is formed in the groove cover.
The particle size of the CO catalyst powder is 80-500 meshes, and high-temperature activation treatment is performed before the CO catalyst powder is filled into a powder tank.
The active component of the CO catalyst powder is transition metal oxide, and the CO oxidation reaction rate is not lower than 0.1 mmol/(g.h) at 50-300 ℃ and in 30-100% RH environment.
The total dosage of the CO catalyst powder is not less than 10kg/m calculated according to the cross-sectional area of the roadway2。
The CO catalyst powder needs to be taken out of the powder tank every 1-2 months for high-temperature activation treatment, the activation treatment temperature is 200-400 ℃, and the activation time is more than 0.5 hour.
The drying agent is one or more of soda lime, calcium chloride and silica gel.
Has the advantages that: by adopting the technical scheme, when an explosion accident occurs in a long and narrow limited space, the high-temperature and high-pressure shock waves generated by explosion can instantly smash or turn over the powder groove, CO catalyst powder is thrown into the air to form a high-concentration catalyst powder cloud band, carbon monoxide molecules are actively adsorbed and quickly oxidized into carbon dioxide, and the carbon monoxide is quickly and efficiently eliminated. The main advantages are as follows:
1) the explosion shock wave is used as a power source for throwing the CO catalyst powder, so that the use of power equipment is avoided, the reliability is high, and the device is suitable for explosion disasters;
2) simple structure, convenient to use, CO catalyst powder is placed and is taken out easily. The concentration of carbon monoxide in the environment after explosion is greatly reduced, the blank of an active high-efficiency elimination technology of CO toxic products in an explosion accident is filled, and more sufficient escape time can be provided for the personnel involved in the accident.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a powder tank and a powder tank support according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the powder tank of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the powder tank of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-powder groove; 2-a limiting plate; 3-a support plate; 4-anchor rod; 5-fixing the nut; 6-powder; 11-a trough body; 12-a tank cover; 13-a groove; 61-a desiccant; 62-CO catalyst powder.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to examples in the drawings to which:
the invention relates to a method for quickly eliminating carbon monoxide toxic products generated by explosion in a narrow and long limited space, which comprises the following specific steps:
a. firstly, identifying a dangerous area with the possibility of explosion accidents in a long and narrow limited space, and setting a carbon monoxide elimination section between an explosion source point and a personnel dense area, a refuge place or an escape channel, wherein the distance between the carbon monoxide elimination section and the explosion source point is not less than 20 m;
b. a horizontally arranged support plate 3 is built in the carbon monoxide elimination section, the support plate 3 is hung on a roadway top plate, and a limiting plate 2 is arranged on the support plate 3; the supporting plate 3 is divided into a fixed type and a movable type; the fixed supporting plate is fixed at the top of the roadway through anchor rods 4, the anchor rods 4 are vertically distributed on the top plate of the roadway, and the fixed supporting plate is fixedly connected with the lower ends of the anchor rods 4; the movable support plate is supported at the top of the roadway through a detachable support, the detachable support comprises a base, support columns and a cross beam, and the movable support plate and the cross beam are fastened together through bolts.
c. A plurality of powder grooves 1 filled with CO catalyst powder 62 are arranged on the support plate 3, and the powder grooves 1 are fixed through a limiting plate 2; the powder groove 1 comprises a groove body 11 and a groove cover 12 covering the groove body 11, the groove body 11 is connected with the groove cover 12 through a sealing ring, and a groove 13 correspondingly buckled with the groove body 11 is arranged on the groove cover 12; the powder groove 1 is a brittle plastic groove or a foam groove, the nominal volume is 40-120L, and the crushing pressure of the powder groove 1 is less than 15 kPa. A layer of drying agent 61 is laid on the CO catalyst powder 62 to make the CO catalyst powder 62 layer high in H1Layer height H with desiccant 612Satisfies the following conditions: 0.1<H2/H1<0.3; the drying agent 61 is one or more of soda lime, calcium chloride and silica gel. The particle size of the CO catalyst powder 62 is 80-500 meshes, and high-temperature activation treatment is carried out before the CO catalyst powder is filled into the powder tank 1; the total dosage of the CO catalyst powder 62 is not less than 10kg/m calculated according to the cross section area of the roadway2(ii) a The active component of the CO catalyst powder 62 is a transition metal oxide and is reacted at 50-300℃,The CO oxidation reaction rate in the environment of 30-100% RH is not lower than 0.1 mmol/(g.h). The CO catalyst powder 62 is taken out of the powder tank 1 every 1-2 months for high-temperature activation treatment, the activation treatment temperature is 200-400 ℃, and the activation time is more than 0.5 hour.
d. When an explosion accident occurs in a narrow and long limited space, the forerunner shock wave generated by explosion breaks or lifts the powder groove 1, the CO catalyst powder in the powder groove 1 is thrown into a roadway to form a high-concentration CO catalyst powder cloud band, and carbon monoxide is rapidly captured and oxidized into carbon dioxide gas, so that the carbon monoxide is rapidly eliminated.
The first embodiment,
The CO elimination performance of the method for quickly eliminating carbon monoxide toxic products generated by explosion in a narrow and long limited space is tested in a full-size roadway, the width of the roadway is 3.2m, the height of the roadway is 3m, the length of the roadway is 200m, and 8m is filled in the roadway3An explosion chamber. The support plate 3 of the powder tank 1 is fixed by a fixed method, and the length of the support plate 3 is set to be 2.8m and the width is set to be 0.32 m. Four anchor rods with a diameter of 40mm are used to fix the support plate 3 on the top of the roadway. The height of the support plate 3 was set to 2.6 m. The supporting plates 3 are arranged in 3 rows in total, and the spacing is set to be 1 m. 3 powder grooves 1 are arranged in each row, the powder grooves 1 are arranged on a support plate 3 at equal intervals, the interval is 0.3m, and the powder grooves are fixed on the support plate 3 by using a limiting plate 2 with the length of 2.8m and the height of 0.04 m. The powder groove 1 is an inverted trapezoidal foam groove with a nominal volume of 50.7L and a lower plane area of 0.18m2Upper plane area S1Is 0.08m2(ii) a The length and width of the upper plane are respectively 0.6m and 0.3m, and the length and width of the lower plane are respectively 0.4m and 0.2 m; the height of the powder groove is 0.4 m. The crushing pressure of the powder tank was 12 kPa. The layer height of the CO catalyst powder 62 was 0.3m, and the layer height H of the desiccant 61 was H2Is 0.03 m. The selected drying agent is calcium chloride particles of 20-50 meshes, the mass of CO catalyst powder in each powder groove is 15kg, and the usage amount of the CO catalyst is 14kg/m calculated according to the cross-sectional area of a roadway2. The distance between the explosion chamber and the support plate is 30 m. The main active components of the selected CO catalyst powder are copper and manganese oxides, and the preparation method of the CO catalyst powder comprises the following steps:
a. adding copper acetate and manganese acetate into deionized water according to a ratio, and stirring for half an hour at room temperature;
b. under the protection of nitrogen flow and continuous stirring, adding 0.2mol/L sodium carbonate solution into the solution obtained in the step a, and continuously stirring the obtained mixed solution for 1 hour; the molar ratio of copper acetate to manganese acetate to ethylene glycol to sodium carbonate is 1:2:200: 12;
c. repeatedly washing the obtained solid precipitate with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol for several times, and drying in a drying oven at 50 deg.C for 24 hr under vacuum; calcining the dried solid in a muffle furnace for 4 hours to obtain CO catalyst powder, wherein the calcining temperature is 300 ℃;
d. c, grinding the CO catalyst powder obtained in the step c for 2 hours by using a planetary ball mill, and sieving by using 80-mesh and 500-mesh sieves, wherein the 80-500-mesh CO catalyst powder is the CO catalyst powder to be used;
the CO catalytic oxidation activity of the CO catalyst powder is carried out in a fixed catalyst bed. The performance evaluation conditions of the CO catalyst powder are as follows: the introduced reaction gas is 0.5% CO/15% O2/84.5％N2The flow rate of the mixed gas is 200mL/min, the usage amount of the CO catalyst is 300mg, the reaction temperature is set to be 50-300 ℃, and the gas humidity is 100% RH.
Experimental results show that the prepared copper-cerium composite metal oxide CO catalyst can oxidize 9% of CO into CO at 50 DEG C2CO can be completely oxidized at 130-300 ℃. Therefore, the CO oxidation reaction rate of the catalyst is more than 0.8 mmol/(g.h) in an environment with the temperature of 50-300 ℃ and the RH of 100 percent.
0.6m3Methane fill 8m3The explosion cavity is detonated by using a high-energy igniter, and the experimental result of the explosion cavity as a gas explosion source shows that the carbon monoxide concentration can be instantaneously eliminated from 4678ppm to within 413ppm after the methane explosion.
Example II,
The same as the first example, except that the CO catalyst powder was used, the experimental apparatus and experimental conditions were the same as in experimental case 1. The preparation method of the main active components of the CO catalyst powder selected in the case, namely the copper oxide and the cerium oxide, comprises the following steps:
a. adding cerium nitrate into 6moL/L potassium hydroxide solvent, and continuously stirring for 30min, wherein the molar ratio of the cerium nitrate to the potassium hydroxide is 1: 120; then placing the obtained mixed solution into a high-temperature reaction kettle, and placing the mixed solution for 12 hours in an environment of 100 ℃;
b. repeatedly washing the obtained solid precipitate with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol for several times, and drying in a drying oven at 80 deg.C for 4 hr under vacuum; calcining the dried solid in a muffle furnace for 4 hours to obtain cerium oxide powder, wherein the calcining temperature is 400 ℃;
c. adding copper nitrate into deionized water, and continuously stirring to finally obtain a copper nitrate solution; b, adding the cerium oxide powder obtained in the step b into a cerium nitrate solution, heating the obtained slurry to 50 ℃, continuously stirring until water is completely evaporated, and then calcining the obtained solid in a muffle furnace for 4 hours to obtain CO catalyst powder, wherein the calcining temperature is 400 ℃; the molar ratio of cerium nitrate to copper nitrate is 5: 1;
d. and c, grinding the CO catalyst powder obtained in the step c by using a planetary ball mill for 2 hours, and sieving by using 80-mesh and 500-mesh sieves to obtain 80-500-mesh catalyst powder, namely the CO catalyst powder 62 to be used.
The CO catalytic oxidation activity test result of the copper-cerium composite metal oxide catalyst shows that the prepared copper-cerium composite metal oxide catalyst can oxidize 12% of CO into CO at 50 DEG C2And CO can be completely oxidized at 140-300 ℃. Therefore, the CO oxidation reaction rate of the catalyst is more than 1.1 mmol/(g.h) in an environment with the temperature of 50-300 ℃ and the RH of 100 percent. The explosion experiment result shows that the carbon monoxide concentration can be instantaneously eliminated from 4678ppm to less than 721 ppm.
Claims (9)
1. A method for rapidly eliminating carbon monoxide toxic products generated by explosion in a narrow and long limited space is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. firstly, identifying a dangerous area with the possibility of explosion accidents in a long and narrow limited space, and setting a carbon monoxide elimination section between an explosion source point and a personnel dense area, a refuge place or an escape channel, wherein the distance between the carbon monoxide elimination section and the explosion source point is not less than 20 m;
b. a horizontally arranged support plate (3) is built in the carbon monoxide elimination section, the support plate (3) is hung on a roadway top plate, and a limiting plate (2) is arranged on the support plate (3);
c. a plurality of powder grooves (1) filled with CO catalyst powder (62) are arranged on the supporting plate (3), and the powder grooves (1) are fixed through limiting plates (2); a layer of drying agent (61) is laid on the CO catalyst powder (62) to ensure that the layer height of the CO catalyst powder (62) is high by H1A layer height H with a desiccant (61)2Satisfies the following conditions: 0.1<H2/H1<0.3；
d. When an explosion accident occurs in a narrow and long limited space, the forerunner shock wave generated by explosion breaks or lifts the powder groove (1), CO catalyst powder in the powder groove (1) is thrown into a roadway to form a high-concentration CO catalyst powder cloud band, carbon monoxide is rapidly captured and oxidized into carbon dioxide gas, and therefore the carbon monoxide is rapidly eliminated.
2. A method for rapidly eliminating the toxic products of carbon monoxide from the explosion of a confined space as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the supporting plate (3) is divided into a fixed type and a movable type; the fixed supporting plate is fixed to the top of the roadway through anchor rods (4), the anchor rods (4) are vertically distributed on the top plate of the roadway, and the fixed supporting plate is fixedly connected with the lower end of each anchor rod (4); the movable support plate is supported at the top of the roadway through a detachable support, the detachable support comprises a base, support columns and a cross beam, and the movable support plate and the cross beam are fastened together through bolts.
3. A method for rapidly eliminating the toxic products of carbon monoxide from the explosion of a confined space as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the powder groove (1) is a brittle plastic groove or a foam groove, the nominal volume is 40-120L, and the crushing pressure of the powder groove (1) is less than 15 kPa.
4. A method for rapidly eliminating the toxic products of carbon monoxide produced by explosion in a confined space as claimed in claim 1 or claim 3, wherein: the powder groove (1) comprises a groove body (11) and a groove cover (12) covering the groove body (11), the groove body (11) is connected with the groove cover (12) through a sealing ring, and a groove (13) correspondingly buckled with the groove body (11) is formed in the groove cover (12).
5. A method for rapidly eliminating the toxic products of carbon monoxide from the explosion of a confined space as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the particle size of the CO catalyst powder (62) is 80-500 meshes, and high-temperature activation treatment is performed before the CO catalyst powder is filled into the powder tank (1).
6. A method for rapidly eliminating the toxic products of carbon monoxide produced by explosion in a confined space as claimed in claim 1 or claim 5, wherein: the active component of the CO catalyst powder (62) is a transition metal oxide, and the CO oxidation reaction rate is not lower than 0.1 mmol/(g.h) at 50-300 ℃ and 30-100% RH environment.
7. A method for rapidly eliminating the toxic products of carbon monoxide produced by explosion in a confined space as claimed in claim 1 or claim 5, wherein: the total dosage of the CO catalyst powder (62) is not less than 10kg/m calculated according to the section area of the roadway2。
8. A method for rapidly eliminating the toxic products of carbon monoxide produced by explosion in a confined space as claimed in claim 1 or claim 5, wherein: the CO catalyst powder (62) needs to be taken out of the powder tank (1) every 1-2 months for high-temperature activation treatment, the activation treatment temperature is 200-400 ℃, and the activation time is more than 0.5 hour.
9. A method for rapidly eliminating the toxic products of carbon monoxide from the explosion of a confined space as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the drying agent (61) is one or more of soda lime, calcium chloride and silica gel.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN114177559A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-03-15 | 中国矿业大学 | Fire CO synchronous disposal method coupling suffocation fire extinguishing and catalytic oxidation |
| CN115355786A (en) * | 2022-08-26 | 2022-11-18 | 中国矿业大学 | Method for eliminating CO product of efficient catalytic oxidation blasting |
| CN116212608A (en) * | 2023-03-20 | 2023-06-06 | 中国矿业大学 | Multi-source carbon monoxide elimination system based on in-situ thermal regeneration and application method |
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| CN116212608A (en) * | 2023-03-20 | 2023-06-06 | 中国矿业大学 | Multi-source carbon monoxide elimination system based on in-situ thermal regeneration and application method |
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