CN114165280A - Column type goaf filling reconstruction coal seam comprehensive mechanical stoping method - Google Patents
Column type goaf filling reconstruction coal seam comprehensive mechanical stoping method Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
- E21F15/005—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings characterised by the kind or composition of the backfilling material
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
- E21F15/06—Filling-up mechanically
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices
Abstract
A column type dead zone filling reconstruction coal seam comprehensive mechanical stoping method comprises the steps of analyzing the condition of a mine column type dead zone and determining a coal seam reconstruction area; in a coal seam reconstruction area, a coal-like functional material is used as a filling material and prepared into filling slurry for filling so as to perform stress reconstruction and form reconstruction, wherein the coal-like functional material is a fuel containing calorific value or a material with the function of the fuel containing calorific value, the stress reconstruction refers to reconstructing a two-dimensional stress state of a coal pillar of a column type dead zone of a mine into a three-dimensional stress state, and the form reconstruction refers to converting a residual form of the coal pillar of the column type dead zone into a complete solid form; after the stress reconstruction and the form reconstruction are completed, mining is carried out by adopting a longwall comprehensive mechanized stoping method. The invention effectively prevents the occurrence of mine earthquake caused by dynamic disaster due to large-area suspended ceiling in the column type dead zone, further improves the resource extraction rate, and provides a new way for resource utilization of coal slime/fine coal slag.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of comprehensive utilization of solid waste and green mining of coal mines, and particularly relates to a column type goaf filling reconstruction coal seam comprehensive mechanical stoping method.
Background
Due to the limitation of the history and the mining technical level, a large amount of pillar type dead zone residual coal exists in a plurality of coal producing areas. The common size of the pillar type goaf left coal pillars is 6 multiplied by 6m or 6 multiplied by 4m (length multiplied by width), and the pillar type goaf left coal pillars is narrow in size, so that the phenomenon of mine earthquake is easily caused, and the ecological environment is seriously damaged. The conventional measures such as goaf sealing, coal pillar reinforcement and the like can not eliminate the hidden troubles, and the recovery of the pillar type goaf left coal pillars is an effective way for treating both symptoms and root causes.
Patent CN101725352A discloses a solid filling fully-mechanized coal mining recovery room type coal pillar method, which mainly strengthens and supports a coal pillar and a coal room top plate in a pre-recovery room type coal pillar area, then recovers the coal pillar according to the conventional fully-mechanized coal mining, and performs solid filling on a goaf behind a support. However, the method needs personnel to enter the room-and-column type dead zone to perform the reinforcing and supporting work of the coal pillars and the coal houses, and because the general safety conditions in the room-and-column type dead zone are poor, the operation risk in the goaf is high, the related safety regulations of coal mining are violated, and the actual operability is poor.
Patent CN103527196A discloses a coal mining method for loess filling recovery room type left coal pillars, the coal pillars recovery adopts blast mining technology, loess on the ground is used as filling material of the goaf, the goaf is backfilled by adopting a mode of cooperation of a high-speed power throwing machine and a bulldozer, and the dense loess filling body replaces the room type left coal pillars to support the goaf roof. On one hand, the method also needs loess backfill operation in the room-and-column type dead zone, and the safety is poor. On the other hand, the blasting mining process is adopted when the coal pillar is recovered, which is the existing obsolete process.
Patent CN106014412A discloses a method for filling and re-mining residual mining area residual coal pillar groups in a ladder-type structure, which constructs and installs a filling mold on the basis of exploring and finding the distribution conditions of the residual mining area residual coal pillar groups and the pillar mining areas, sequentially protects the residual mining area residual coal pillar groups in a bilateral filling mode beside the pillars, arranges a short-wall mechanical re-mining working face, and safely recovers the residual mining area residual coal pillar groups. However, the method also needs to carry out grinding tool installation operation in the room-and-column type dead zone, and the safety is poor.
The patent CN105545309A discloses a method for partially filling the two sides of a column to re-mining the residual mining area left coal columns, which adopts a method for partially filling the two sides of a sectional column to laterally protect the residual mining area left coal columns in sequence, a transport crossheading and a return air crossheading are tunneled in filling bodies on the two sides of the column, and the short-wall mechanized working face is arranged to re-mine the residual mining area left coal columns. However, the method completes the bilateral partial filling beside the column, and also needs to build a template underground for filling operation. Meanwhile, the waste rock and the waste concrete are used as filling materials, and after the filling body and the coal body are simultaneously extracted, the influence on the coal quality is large, the washing difficulty is large, and the cost is high. Secondly, in the stoping process, the two sides of the working face are positioned in a pressurizing area under the action of lateral supporting pressure, the pressure is greater than the stress borne before mining, the stress concentration phenomenon is generated, and the domino effect can be caused to cause the instability of the pillar type dead zone at the two sides of the working face.
In the aspect of the existing column type goaf coal seam reconstruction technology, on one hand, the existing technology is limited to a local area, only the effect of reconstructing the stress of a stoping operation area of the column type goaf is realized, and the stress reconstruction and the overall shape reconstruction of the column type goaf in the whole area are not realized. If only the coal seam in partial area of the column type dead zone is reconstructed, in the process of pushing the fully mechanized mining face, the column type dead zone on two sides of the working face is acted by the lateral supporting pressure of the working face, part of the coal pillars are necessarily concentrated in stress, the domino effect is possibly caused, the probability of instability of the coal pillars in the column type dead zone is greatly increased, and the safety of the fully mechanized mining face in the stoping process is seriously threatened. Therefore, in order to ensure the safe production of the working face, the column type dead zone is subjected to full filling reconstruction, and the stress and the overall shape reconstruction of the whole-area column type dead zone can be realized.
On the other hand, the prior art mainly focuses on backfilling the dead zone by adopting materials such as loess, gangue and the like, and after the filling body and the coal body are extracted simultaneously, the washing difficulty is high, the cost is high and the coal quality is poor. Therefore, the separation of coal from the pack still needs to be properly solved for large-scale application.
Coal slime is a byproduct generated in the coal production and washing processing processes, is difficult to be used by large-scale industry due to the sticky and wet characteristics, and is used as civil energy for a long time before. The large-scale industrial application is mainly to be used as power coal after being mixed with high-heat value coal. However, the sticky and wet characteristics of the wet coal slime make the wet coal slime difficult to be recycled, and meanwhile, a plurality of difficulties are brought to the transportation and storage of the coal slime. The coal slime has unstable accumulation form, causes a large amount of loss in rainy days, and can fly due to air drying. If a large amount of coal slime is treated by adopting the traditional heat drying coal slime treatment process, the energy consumption and the pollution are increased.
The drying treatment of coal slime in China is studied more, and patent CN106568305A describes a high-temperature flue gas drying process, and the drying process is adopted in none of the coal slime treatment processes, but the drying process of the coal slime is often accompanied with the problems of energy consumption and environmental pollution.
The quantity of the coal gasification slag is great as industrial solid waste, and if the coal gasification slag is not properly treated, great environmental hazard and waste of land resources can be caused. According to the existing research, the gasified slag is influenced by factors such as raw coal components, additives, process flows and the like in the production process, contains a large amount of residual carbon and also has a certain reburning value.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a column type goaf filling and reconstruction coal seam comprehensive mechanical stoping method, so as to comprehensively solve the problems of large-area roof suspension disaster prevention and coal slime/fine coal slag resource treatment of the column type goaf. The method effectively prevents the occurrence of mine earthquake caused by dynamic disasters generated by large-area suspended roofs in the column type dead areas, further improves the resource extraction rate, and provides a new way for resource utilization of the coal slime/fine coal slag.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a comprehensive mechanical stoping method for column type goaf filling reconstruction coal seams comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: analyzing the condition of the column type dead zone of the mine and determining a coal bed reconstruction region;
step two: in a coal seam reconstruction area, a coal-like functional material is used as a filling material and prepared into filling slurry for filling so as to perform stress reconstruction and form reconstruction, wherein the coal-like functional material is a fuel containing calorific value or a material with the function of the fuel containing calorific value, the stress reconstruction refers to reconstructing a two-dimensional stress state of a coal pillar of a column type dead zone of a mine into a three-dimensional stress state, and the form reconstruction refers to converting a residual form of the coal pillar of the column type dead zone into a complete solid form;
step three: after the stress reconstruction and the form reconstruction are completed, mining is carried out by adopting a longwall comprehensive mechanized stoping method.
Preferably, in the step one, the caving condition of the column type dead zone of the mine, the distribution area of the column type dead zone and the coal bed to which the column type dead zone belongs are subjected to statistical analysis, classification statistics is carried out on the coal bed, the range of the well field of the mine is taken as a boundary, a collapsed area on the ground is removed, and all other column type dead zones of the same coal bed are counted as a coal bed reconstruction area.
Preferably, the width range of the mine column type dead zone is 50-5 km, and the area range is 100m2～30km2The remaining coal pillar is a room pillar type coal pillar or a narrow strip coal pillar, and the width of the coal pillar is 5-15 m.
Preferably, the calorific value of the coal-like functional material is 20-70% of the calorific value of a coal pillar in a coal seam reconstruction region.
Preferably, the second step includes:
s1, analyzing the stress distribution condition and the bearing characteristics of the coal pillar in the coal seam reconstruction region, and designing the strength and the filling rate of the filling body according to the analysis result and the stress distribution change rule of the overlying strata and the coal pillar in the long-wall fully mechanized mining process;
s2, carrying out a proportioning experiment to determine the proportion of the filling material meeting the requirements of strength, heat value and fluidity of the filling body;
s3, preparing filling slurry according to the determined filling material proportion;
s4, designing a ground filling and drilling arrangement scheme according to the flow performance of the filling slurry;
s5, designing a filling pumping system, filling the prepared slurry into a coal seam reconstruction area, and filling the coal seam reconstruction area once and completely to meet the filling rate requirement;
and S6, naturally maintaining the filling body underground, and completing coal seam reconstruction work in the coal seam reconstruction area after sampling detection reaches the design strength.
Preferably, in S1, the method for analyzing the stress distribution includes: using numerical calculation software (ABAQUS three-dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis program, FALC)3DEtc.) establishing a model (including a creep model) according with the coal pillar characteristics of the coal seam reconstruction region for simulation calculation, and analyzing the plastic region and the stress distribution condition of the model;
the analysis method of the bearing characteristics comprises the following steps: calculating the coal pillar bearing condition by adopting theoretical methods such as an effective region theory or a Wilson theory and the like, and testing the mechanical property of the coal pillar by adopting a drilling sampling laboratory to further verify the actual bearing characteristic of the coal pillar;
then, according to the analysis result and the stress distribution change rule of the longwall fully mechanized mining process, combining the coal pillar stress distribution and the coal pillar bearing characteristics of the coal seam reconstruction region, applying similar material simulation experiment (two-dimensional or three-dimensional) and numerical calculation software (ABAQUS three-dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis program, FALC)3DAnd the like) establishing a model for simulation calculation, and performing simulation analysis on the stress distribution rule of the overlying strata and the coal pillar when long-wall fully-mechanized mining is performed under the conditions of different filling body strengths and different filling rates, so as to determine the filling body strength and the filling rate according to the stress distribution rule.
Preferably, in S2, the filling material ratio needs to meet the following requirements: the slump a of the filling slurry is more than 27cm, the diffusivity d is more than 35cm, after the filling slurry is cured to form a filling body, the strength of the filling body is 2-10MPa, and the heat value of the filling body is 500-;
and S4, according to the requirement of the filling rate, the service range of a single drilling hole is as follows: s ═ n1D or s ═ n2*a，n1The value range is 20-110, n2The value range is 20-180, and the higher the filling rate requirement is, the higher n1And n2The smaller the value is;
and S5, performing equipment matching type selection by combining the coal seam reconstruction filling engineering quantity and the construction period requirement, wherein the pumping capacity of a filling pump is 60-400 m3The filling pump is a slurry pump or a filling industrial pump, and the stirring capacity of the stirrer is 80-450 m3The flow speed of the pipeline is 0.8-2 m/s, the length of the pipeline is less than or equal to 20km, and the material outlet pressure of the filling pump is less than or equal to 25 MPa. Filling rate c ═ n × V1/V2V1 is the total volume of slurry filled into the coal seam reconstruction region, n is the ratio of the volume of a solidified filling body to the volume of the slurry, V2 is the total volume of the coal seam reconstruction region, and the actual filling rate is verified by methods such as drilling peeking and the like;
s6, the maintenance time is more than or equal to 28 days, the mine water is prevented from flowing into the early stage of solidification of the filling slurry, and the height of the mine water flowing into the coal seam reconstruction region is less than or equal to 5cm during the maintenance period of the filling body; and (3) drilling and sampling the filling body meeting the maintenance time, and testing the uniaxial compressive strength according to the technical specification of concrete strength detection by a core drilling method or the test specification of rock physical and mechanical properties, wherein the sampling test strength is required to be greater than or equal to the designed filling body strength.
Preferably, in the filling slurry, the aggregate accounts for 60-85%, the cementing material accounts for 10-38%, the additive accounts for 1-5%, and the mass concentration is 60-80% calculated by mass fraction; the aggregate is coal slime and/or fine coal slag or gasified slag, the cementing material is fly ash and/or cement, and the additive is composed of an alkali activator and a dispersant.
The alkali activator comprises caustic alkali, sodium silicate, lime and the like or one or more of the substances, and the dispersant comprises nano anionic surfactant, polycarboxylic acid nonionic surfactant and the like or one or more of the substances.
Preferably, in the process of preparing the filling slurry, the heat value of the filling body is improved by increasing the content of the coal slime or the fine coal slag, or the proportion is properly adjusted according to whether the filling body is washed or not after the filling body and the coal are mixed and extracted.
Preferably, in the third step, the mining design is carried out by referring to the primary complete coal seam, the fully mechanized coal mining face is arranged, and the mining is carried out by adopting a longwall comprehensive mechanical stoping method, wherein the width of the fully mechanized coal mining face of the reconstructed coal seam is 50-200m, the retreating stoping is adopted, the goaf processing mode is a caving type or filling type, and the coal pillar lane protection or non-coal pillar lane protection mode is adopted.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. by adopting the ground grouting filling process, the operation personnel are prevented from entering the goaf to support the template and the like, the safety risk of operation in the goaf is effectively eliminated, the safe filling is realized, and the field operability is improved.
2. The method realizes the stress reconstruction and the integral shape reconstruction of the column type dead zone in the whole area, and can effectively eliminate the risk of coal column instability of the column type dead zone at two sides of the working surface caused by domino effect due to the influence of lateral supporting pressure and mining on two sides of the working surface.
3. The filling material with the coal-like function is adopted for filling, so that the problems of high washing difficulty, high cost and poor coal quality after the filling body and the coal body are extracted simultaneously can be effectively solved. Meanwhile, a new way is provided for the solid waste elimination of the coal slime and the gasification furnace slag.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the distribution of the supporting pressure around the fully mechanized coal mining face.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of coal seam reconstruction in a pillar type void region.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of reconstruction of a coal seam in a column type dead zone whole area.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the distribution of columnar void regions.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a surface-pack borehole arrangement.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a column type goaf after coal seam reconstruction is completed.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the layout of a longwall fully mechanized coal mining face after coal seam reconstruction.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a longwall fully mechanized coal mining face mining sequence after coal seam reconstruction.
The reference numerals explain:
1-supporting pressure of coal wall in front of working face; 2, bearing pressure on the side of the return air crossheading; 3, bearing pressure on the lateral side of the transportation gate; 4-goaf side bearing pressure; 5, transporting the crossheading; 6, auxiliary transportation crossheading; 7, leaving coal pillars; 8, filling the body; 9-I stage grouting and filling holes; continuously filling and checking the hole in the period 10-II; 11-horizontal transportation main lane; 12-horizontal auxiliary transportation main lane.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
The coal mine is formally built and put into production in 1989, is developed by adopting inclined shafts, the production capacity is 0.06Mt/a, and 3 mining is carried out-1The coal seam has the average thickness of 3.14m, the room-and-pillar blasting mining is adopted in the early stage, and the room-and-pillar goaf is formed about 5.8km2。
As shown in figure 1, because the two sides of the working face are influenced by lateral supporting pressure and mining, under the combined action of coal wall supporting pressure 1, return air crossheading side supporting pressure 2, transportation crossheading side supporting pressure 3 and mining area side supporting pressure 4 in front of the working face, a domino effect is easily caused, so that the coal pillars in the pillar type dead zone at the two sides of the working face are in a risk of instability. The invention aims to realize the stress reconstruction and the integral shape reconstruction of the full-area column type empty area as shown in figures 2 and 3 so as to effectively eliminate the risk. In the figure, a filling body 8 is arranged in a vacant area between the left coal pillars 7, the left coal pillars and the vacant area are combined into a whole, and then mining is carried out by adopting the existing longwall comprehensive mechanized mining method, and a transport gateway 5 and an auxiliary transport gateway 6 which are tunneled during mining are shown in the figure. The invention is especially suitable for the width range of 50-5 km and the area range of 100m2～30km2The mine pillar goaf, wherein the left coal pillar 7 is a room pillar type coal pillar or a narrow strip coal pillar, and the width is 5-15 m.
Specifically, the steps of the invention are as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: and analyzing the condition of the column type dead zone of the mine and determining a coal bed reconstruction region.
And (3) carrying out statistical analysis on the caving condition of the column type dead zone of the mine, the distribution area of the column type dead zone and the coal bed to which the column type dead zone belongs, carrying out classification statistics on the coal bed, taking the range of the well field of the mine as a boundary, removing the area with the subsidence of the ground, and totally counting all other column type dead zones of the same coal bed to be a coal bed reconstruction area.
In this embodiment, through surveying to column type dead zone ground, the ground does not have the condition of collapsing, and under the guide of professional rescue team, the surveying personnel gets into the column type dead zone and carries out the survey and drawing work. According to the mapping result, the room and pillar type dead zone adopts the parameters of 'mining 5 and leaving 8' to mine, as shown in figure 4. And (3) reserving 8m by 8m left coal pillars 7 in the goaf, leaving intact, and finally determining that all the goafs are divided into coal seam reconstruction areas without a large caving phenomenon.
Step two: in a coal seam reconstruction area, a coal-like functional material is used as a filling material and prepared into filling slurry for filling so as to perform stress reconstruction and form reconstruction.
The coal-like functional material of the invention is a fuel with calorific value or a material with the function of the fuel with calorific value, and the calorific value of the coal-like functional material is 20 to 70 percent of the calorific value of the remaining coal pillar 7 in the coal bed reconstruction area.
The stress reconstruction means reconstructing a two-dimensional stress state of a coal pillar in a mine column type dead zone into a three-dimensional stress state, and the form reconstruction means converting a residual form of the coal pillar in the column type dead zone into a complete solid form, and the method comprises the following specific steps of:
and S1, analyzing the stress distribution condition and the bearing characteristic of the coal pillar in the coal seam reconstruction region, and designing the strength and the filling rate of the filling body according to the analysis result and the stress distribution change rule of the overlying strata and the coal pillar in the long-wall fully mechanized mining process. The analysis method of the stress distribution condition comprises the following steps:
using numerical calculation software (ABAQUS three-dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis program, FALC)3DAnd the like) establishing a model (including a creep model) according with the characteristics of the coal pillar in the coal seam reconstruction region, performing simulation calculation, and analyzing the plastic region and the stress distribution condition of the model.
The method for analyzing the bearing characteristics comprises the following steps: and calculating the coal pillar bearing condition by adopting theoretical methods such as an effective region theory or a Wilson theory and the like, and testing the mechanical property of the coal pillar by adopting a drilling sampling laboratory so as to further verify the actual bearing characteristic of the coal pillar.
According to the analysis result and the stress distribution change rule of the longwall fully mechanized mining process, combining the coal pillar stress distribution and the coal pillar bearing characteristics of the coal seam reconstruction area, applying similar material simulation experiment (two-dimensional or three-dimensional) and numerical calculation software (ABAQUS three-dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis program, FALC)3DAnd the like) establishing a model for simulation calculation, and performing simulation analysis on the stress distribution rule of the overlying strata and the coal pillar when long-wall fully-mechanized mining is performed under the conditions of different filling body strengths and different filling rates, so as to determine the filling body strength and the filling rate according to the stress distribution rule.
In this embodiment, the FLAC is established based on the pillar gob pillar profile mapped in step one3DAnd inputting mechanical parameters of the coal pillar determined by sampling the underground coal pillar into the model, designing the length of a working face to be 150m, the daily propulsion speed to be 10m, the mining height to be 3m, the filling body strength to be 2MPa, 3MPa, 4MPa and 5MPa respectively, and the filling rate to be 70%, 80% and 90% respectively, and finally determining the filling parameters with the filling body strength to be 4MPa and the filling rate to be more than 80% according to the simulation result.
S2, carrying out a proportioning experiment to determine the proportion of the filling material meeting the requirements of strength, heat value, fluidity and the like of the filling body, wherein the requirements of the proportion of the filling material to be met are as follows: the slump a of the filling slurry is more than 27cm, the diffusivity d is more than 35cm, after the filling slurry is cured to form a filling body, the strength of the filling body is 2-10MPa, and the heat value of the filling body is 500-.
In the filling slurry, the aggregate accounts for 60-85 percent, the cementing material accounts for 10-38 percent, the additive accounts for 1-5 percent and the mass concentration accounts for 60-80 percent by mass; wherein the aggregate is coal slime and/or fine coal slag or gasified slag, the cementing material is fly ash and/or cement, and the additive is composed of an alkali activator and a dispersant. The alkali activator includes caustic alkali, sodium silicate, lime and the like, and the dispersant includes a naphthalene series anionic surfactant, a polycarboxylic acid nonionic surfactant and the like. In the process of preparing the filling slurry, the heat value of the filling body can be improved by increasing the content of coal slime or fine coal slag, or the proportion is properly adjusted according to whether the filling body is washed or not after being mixed with coal and mined.
In this embodiment, a filling material proportioning experiment is performed with a target of a filler strength of 4MPa, and finally the filling material proportioning is determined as (mass ratio): 30% of fly ash, 45% of coal slime, 15% of gasified slag, 8% of cement, 2% of naphthalene water reducer and 75% of mass concentration. After the filling body is maintained for 56 days, the strength of the filling body is 4.18MPa, the slump of filling slurry is 27.8cm, the diffusivity is 38cm, and the calorific value of the filling body is 2100 kilocalories.
And S3, preparing filling slurry according to the determined filling material proportion.
And S4, designing a ground filling and drilling arrangement scheme according to the flow property of the filling slurry. The service range of a single borehole is, according to the fill rate requirement: s ═ n1D or s ═ n2*a，n1The value range is 20-110, n2The value range is 20-180, and the higher the filling rate requirement is, the higher n1And n2The smaller the value.
In this embodiment, the finally determined arrangement of the ground filling boreholes is shown in fig. 5, the first-stage grouting filling holes 9 are distributed at 40m × 40m, the second-stage continuous filling and inspection holes 10 are distributed at 40m × 60m, and the second-stage continuous filling and inspection holes 10 and the first-stage grouting filling holes 9 are arranged in a flower arrangement manner.
And S5, designing a filling pumping system, filling the prepared slurry into the coal seam reconstruction area, and filling the coal seam reconstruction area once and completely to meet the filling rate requirement. Specifically, the equipment matching type selection is carried out by combining the coal seam reconstruction filling engineering quantity and the construction period requirement, and the pumping capacity of a filling pump is 60-400 m3The filling pump is a slurry pump or a filling industrial pump, and the stirring capacity of the stirrer is 80-450 m3The flow speed of the pipeline is 0.8-2 m/s, the length of the pipeline is less than or equal to 20km, and the material outlet pressure of the filling pump is less than or equal to 25 MPa. Filling rate c ═ n × V1/V2V1 is the total volume of slurry filled into the coal seam reconstruction region, n is the ratio of the volume of the solidified filling body to the volume of the slurry, V2 is the total volume of the coal seam reconstruction region, and the actual filling rate is verified by methods such as drilling peeking and the like.
In the embodiment, according to the total quantity of the coal seam reconstruction area, the HBMD300 type filling pump for triple-layer construction is designed and selected in combination with the requirements of the construction schedule of a mine side and the filling process, and the filling capacity is 3003The stirring capacity of the stirrer is 420m3The flow rate of the pipeline is 0.8m/s, the length of the pipeline is 3.5km, and the material outlet pressure of the filling pump is 16 MPa. And filling the prepared slurry into a coal seam reconstruction area, and filling the coal seam reconstruction area once and completely to meet the requirement of filling rate. The coal seam reconstruction zone is filled as shown in figure 6.
And S6, naturally maintaining the filling body underground, and completing coal seam reconstruction work in the coal seam reconstruction area after sampling detection reaches the design strength. Specifically, the maintenance time is more than or equal to 28 days, the mine water is prevented from flowing into the early stage of solidification of the filling slurry, and the height of the mine water flowing into the coal seam reconstruction region is less than or equal to 5cm during the maintenance period of the filling body; and (3) drilling and sampling the filling body meeting the maintenance time, and testing the uniaxial compressive strength according to the technical specification of concrete strength detection by a core drilling method or the test specification of rock physical and mechanical properties, wherein the sampling test strength is required to be greater than or equal to the designed filling body strength.
In the embodiment, a cylindrical test piece with the diameter of 5cm and the height of 10cm is manufactured by drilling and sampling in the filling body of the underground filling reconstruction area with the maintenance time of 58d, and the tested uniaxial compressive strength is 4.6 MPa.
And step three, after the stress reconstruction and the form reconstruction are completed, mining by adopting a longwall comprehensive mechanical stoping method. Specifically, the mining design can be carried out by referring to a primary complete coal seam, a fully mechanized mining face is arranged, and the mining is carried out by adopting a longwall comprehensive mechanical stoping method, wherein the width of the fully mechanized mining face of the reconstructed coal seam is 50-200m, retreating stoping is adopted, a goaf processing mode is a caving type or filling type, and a coal pillar lane protection or non-coal pillar lane protection mode is adopted.
In this embodiment, after the coal seam reconstruction area is completed, mining design is performed again on the coal seam reconstruction area according to the position of the original main roadway of the reconstructed coal seam, the length of the working face is designed to be 150m, and the pushing length is 1200m, as shown in fig. 7, a transportation gateway 5 with the width of 4.2m and the height of 3.5m is tunneled, and an auxiliary transportation gateway 6 with the width of 4.2m and the height of 3.8m is tunneled. A retreating type stoping mode is adopted, a goaf treatment mode is a caving type, and a coal pillar lane protection and lane protection mode is adopted, so that a horizontal transportation main lane 11 and a horizontal auxiliary transportation main lane 12 are tunneled, as shown in fig. 8.
Claims (10)
1. A comprehensive mechanical stoping method for column type goaf filling reconstruction coal seams is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: analyzing the condition of the column type dead zone of the mine and determining a coal bed reconstruction region;
step two: in a coal seam reconstruction area, a coal-like functional material is used as a filling material and prepared into filling slurry for filling so as to perform stress reconstruction and form reconstruction, wherein the coal-like functional material is a fuel containing calorific value or a material with the function of the fuel containing calorific value, the stress reconstruction refers to reconstructing a two-dimensional stress state of a coal pillar of a column type dead zone of a mine into a three-dimensional stress state, and the form reconstruction refers to converting a residual form of the coal pillar of the column type dead zone into a complete solid form;
step three: after the stress reconstruction and the form reconstruction are completed, mining is carried out by adopting a longwall comprehensive mechanized stoping method.
2. The column-type dead zone filling reconstruction coal seam comprehensive mechanized stoping method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step one, the coal seam is classified and counted by performing statistical analysis on the caving condition of the mine column-type dead zone, the distribution area of the column-type dead zone and the coal seam to which the column-type dead zone belongs, the area with the collapsed ground is excluded by taking the range of the mine field as a boundary, and all other column-type dead zones of the same coal seam are counted as a coal seam reconstruction area.
3. The column type dead zone filling and reconstruction coal seam comprehensive mechanized mining method according to claim 2, characterized in that the width range of the mine column type dead zone is 50 m-5 km, and the area range is 100m2～30km2The remaining coal pillar is a room pillar type coal pillar or a narrow strip coal pillar, and the width of the coal pillar is 5-15 m.
4. The column type empty area filling reconstruction coal seam comprehensive mechanized mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that the calorific value of the coal-like functional material is 20% -70% of the calorific value of the coal column in the coal seam reconstruction area.
5. The column type empty area filling reconstruction coal seam comprehensive mechanized mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that the second step comprises:
s1, analyzing the stress distribution condition and the bearing characteristics of the coal pillar in the coal seam reconstruction region, and designing the strength and the filling rate of the filling body according to the analysis result and the stress distribution change rule of the overlying strata and the coal pillar in the long-wall fully mechanized mining process;
s2, carrying out a proportioning experiment to determine the proportion of the filling material meeting the requirements of strength, heat value and fluidity of the filling body;
s3, preparing filling slurry according to the determined filling material proportion;
s4, designing a ground filling and drilling arrangement scheme according to the flow performance of the filling slurry;
s5, designing a filling pumping system, filling the prepared slurry into a coal seam reconstruction area, and filling the coal seam reconstruction area once and completely to meet the filling rate requirement;
and S6, naturally maintaining the filling body underground, and completing coal seam reconstruction work in the coal seam reconstruction area after sampling detection reaches the design strength.
6. The pillar type empty area filling and reconstruction coal seam comprehensive mechanized mining method according to claim 1, wherein S1, the analysis method of the stress distribution condition: establishing a model according with the coal pillar characteristics of a coal seam reconstruction region by adopting numerical calculation software for simulation calculation, and analyzing the plastic region and the stress distribution condition of the model;
the analysis method of the bearing characteristics comprises the following steps: calculating the coal pillar bearing condition by adopting an effective region theory or Wilson theory method, and testing the mechanical property of the coal pillar by adopting a drilling sampling laboratory to further verify the actual bearing characteristic of the coal pillar;
and then, according to the analysis result and the stress distribution change rule of the long-wall fully-mechanized mining process, combining the coal pillar stress distribution and the coal pillar bearing characteristics of the coal seam reconstruction region, establishing a model by using a similar material simulation experiment and numerical calculation software to perform simulation calculation, and performing simulation analysis on the stress distribution rule of the overlying strata and the coal pillars when the long-wall fully-mechanized mining is performed under the conditions of different filling body strengths and different filling rates to determine the filling body strength and the filling rate according to the stress distribution change rule.
7. The column type empty area filling reconstruction coal seam comprehensive mechanized mining method of claim 1, wherein at S2, the filling material ratio requirement is as follows: the slump a of the filling slurry is more than 27cm, the diffusivity d is more than 35cm, after the filling slurry is cured to form a filling body, the strength of the filling body is 2-10MPa, and the heat value of the filling body is 500-;
and S4, according to the requirement of the filling rate, the service range of a single drilling hole is as follows: s ═ n1D or s ═ n2*a，n1The value range is 20-110, n2The value range is 20-180, and the higher the filling rate requirement is, the higher n1And n2The smaller the value is;
and S5, performing equipment matching type selection by combining the coal seam reconstruction filling engineering quantity and the construction period requirement, wherein the pumping capacity of a filling pump is 60-400 m3The filling pump is a slurry pump or a filling industrial pump, and the stirring capacity of the stirrer is 80-450 m3The flow speed of the pipeline is 0.8-2 m/s, the length of the pipeline is less than or equal to 20km, and the material outlet pressure of the filling pump is less than or equal to 25 MPa. Filling rate c ═ n × V1/V2V1 is the total volume of slurry filled into the coal seam reconstruction region, n is the ratio of the volume of the solidified filling body to the volume of the slurry, V2 is the total volume of the coal seam reconstruction region, and the actual filling rate is verified;
s6, the maintenance time is more than or equal to 28 days, the mine water is prevented from flowing into the early stage of solidification of the filling slurry, and the height of the mine water flowing into the coal seam reconstruction region is less than or equal to 5cm during the maintenance period of the filling body; and (3) drilling and sampling the filling body meeting the maintenance time, and testing the uniaxial compressive strength according to the technical specification of concrete strength detection by a core drilling method or the test specification of rock physical and mechanical properties, wherein the sampling test strength is required to be greater than or equal to the designed filling body strength.
8. The column type empty area filling and reconstruction coal seam comprehensive mechanical stoping method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that in the filling slurry, calculated by mass fraction, aggregate accounts for 60% -85%, cementing material accounts for 10% -38%, and additive accounts for 1% -5%; the aggregate is coal slime and/or fine coal slag or gasified slag, the cementing material is fly ash and/or cement, and the additive is composed of an alkali activator and a dispersant.
The alkali activator is one or more of caustic alkali, sodium silicate and lime, and the dispersant is a naphthalene series anionic surfactant and/or a polycarboxylic acid nonionic surfactant.
9. The method for comprehensively and mechanically stoping the column-type dead zone filling reconstructed coal bed according to claim 8, wherein in the preparation process of the filling slurry, the calorific value of the filling body is increased by increasing the content of coal slime or fine coal slag, or the proportion is properly adjusted according to whether the filling body is washed or not after the filling body and coal are mixed and mined.
10. The pillar type dead zone filling reconstruction coal seam comprehensive mechanical stoping method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the third step, the mining design is carried out by referring to the primary complete coal seam, the fully mechanized mining face is arranged, and the mining is carried out by adopting a longwall comprehensive mechanical stoping method, wherein the width of the fully mechanized mining face of the reconstructed coal seam is 50-200m, the retreating stoping is adopted, the goaf processing mode is a caving type or filling type, and a coal pillar lane protection mode or a coal pillar-free lane protection mode is adopted.
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