CN114164524A - Efficient pre-oxidation method of general-purpose asphalt-based non-woven felt - Google Patents

Efficient pre-oxidation method of general-purpose asphalt-based non-woven felt Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114164524A
CN114164524A CN202010951811.5A CN202010951811A CN114164524A CN 114164524 A CN114164524 A CN 114164524A CN 202010951811 A CN202010951811 A CN 202010951811A CN 114164524 A CN114164524 A CN 114164524A
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oxidation
temperature
asphalt
based non
hot air
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Inventor
袁绪路
陈炜
盛乔瑜
单长春
张超
万胜
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Baowu Carbon Material Technology Co ltd
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Baowu Carbon Material Technology Co ltd
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F9/00Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
    • D01F9/08Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
    • D01F9/12Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof
    • D01F9/14Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments
    • D01F9/32Apparatus therefor
    • D01F9/322Apparatus therefor for manufacturing filaments from pitch

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-efficiency pre-oxidation method of a general-grade asphalt-based non-woven felt in the technical field of carbon fiber production, which controls the running speed, the hot air circulation amount and the pre-oxidation time of a net chain in a pre-oxidation furnace by adopting a multi-section pre-oxidation furnace; the temperature of the pre-oxidation furnace is divided into four zones: the hot air in the low-temperature area and the slow oxidation area circulates from bottom to top, the hot air in the fast oxidation area circulates from top to bottom, and the hot air in the cooling area circulates from bottom to top; the method has the advantages that the oxygen content of fibers after the pitch-based non-woven felt is pre-oxidized is controlled, the pre-oxidized fibers are placed in a carbonization furnace to be carbonized according to a set program, and the general pitch-based carbon fibers are prepared.

Description

Efficient pre-oxidation method of general-purpose asphalt-based non-woven felt
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of carbon fiber production, in particular to a high-efficiency pre-oxidation method of a general-grade asphalt-based non-woven felt.
Background
Since the development of pitch-based carbon fiber, pitch-based carbon fiber becomes a very important one in the field of carbon fiber, viscose-based carbon fiber has been replaced at present, the pitch-based carbon fiber becomes the second main class of carbon fiber which is only inferior to PAN-based carbon fiber, the pre-oxidation process is a very critical and important step in the production process of pitch-based carbon fiber, the quality of the pre-oxidation effect is directly related to the quality of carbon felt, the pre-oxidation efficiency also directly determines the manufacturing cost of carbon fiber and carbon felt, the pre-oxidation method can be summarized into a liquid phase method and a gas phase method, the liquid phase method is that pitch precursor is oxidized by using strong oxidants such as nitric acid, sulfuric acid, potassium permanganate and the like, so that the oxidation reaction occurs, but because the oxidation degree in the liquid phase oxidation is difficult to control, a large amount of volatile acid can be generated at the same time, the corrosion to equipment is serious, the method is applied less at present, the gas phase oxidation is to perform oxidation reaction on the asphalt protofilament by using gas such as air, oxygen, ozone, halogen gas and the like, wherein the air is applied more at present because the air application cost is lower.
If the pre-oxidation degree of the universal pitch-based carbon fiber precursor in the pre-oxidation furnace is not enough, the short fiber precursor cannot be converted from thermoplastic to thermosetting, and the phenomena of fusion or hardening are very easy to occur in the carbonization process of the pitch-based carbon fiber; the oxidation felt is thin and is easy to be pressed and compacted, and in addition, if the heat released in the pre-oxidation process cannot be taken out of the system in time, the short fiber protofilament can be melted and even fired in the pre-oxidation process; the pre-oxidation efficiency is low, the oxidation time is long, the energy cost of the production process is rapidly increased, and the manufacturing cost of the carbon fiber is increased, so that the development of a high-efficiency pre-oxidation method of general-grade asphalt-based carbon fiber is necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-efficiency pre-oxidation method of a general-grade asphalt-based non-woven felt, which solves the technical problems of low pre-oxidation efficiency and compaction of an oxidation felt of a general-grade asphalt-based non-woven felt pre-oxidation furnace in the prior art through an up-down alternative hot air circulation pre-oxidation method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a high-efficiency pre-oxidation method of a general-grade asphalt-based non-woven felt comprises the following steps:
step 1: a multi-section type pre-oxidation furnace is adopted, and the running speed and the pre-oxidation time of a net chain in the pre-oxidation furnace are controlled;
step 2, controlling the circulation amount of hot air of each section of the pre-oxidation furnace;
and step 3: the temperature of the pre-oxidation furnace is divided into four zones: the hot air in the low-temperature area and the slow oxidation area circulates from bottom to top, the hot air in the fast oxidation area circulates from top to bottom, and the hot air in the cooling area circulates from bottom to top;
and 4, step 4: controlling the oxygen content of the pre-oxidized fiber of the asphalt-based non-woven felt, and placing the pre-oxidized fiber in a carbonization furnace to be carbonized according to the set temperature program to prepare the universal asphalt-based carbon fiber.
Further, the length of the pre-oxidation furnace in the step 1 is 60-120m, and the length of each segment is 1.5 m.
Further, the running speed of the net chain in the step 1 is 0.5-1 m/min, and the pre-oxidation time is 1-4 h.
Further, the circulation amount of hot air in each section of the pre-oxidation furnace in the step 2 is 400-2200 m3/h。
Further, the temperature of the low-temperature region in the step 3 is set to be 160-190 ℃, the temperature of the slow oxidation region is set to be 190-240 ℃, the temperature of the fast oxidation region is set to be 240-300 ℃, and the temperature of the cooling region is set to be 180-300 ℃.
Further, the pre-oxidized fiber in the step 4 has an oxygen content of 15-25%.
Furthermore, the temperature programmed in the carbonization furnace in the step 4 is raised to 1000 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, and is kept constant for 1 h.
Further, the carbon fiber strength of the general-purpose pitch-based carbon fiber prepared in the step 4 is 500-900 MPa, and the tensile modulus is 30-50 GPa.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention provides a high-efficiency pre-oxidation method of a general-grade asphalt-based non-woven felt, which improves the pre-oxidation method of the general-grade asphalt-based non-woven felt in the prior art, adopts a multi-section pre-oxidation furnace, controls the length and the number of sections of the pre-oxidation furnace, controls the hot air circulation quantity of each section, sets the temperature of the pre-oxidation furnace in different temperature zones, controls the oxygen content of fibers after the pre-oxidation of the general-grade asphalt-based non-woven felt, and improves the pre-oxidation method, so that the hot air in the pre-oxidation process can be alternately carried out from the pre-oxidation furnace up and down, thereby greatly improving the pre-oxidation efficiency of the pre-oxidation furnace and avoiding the melting, hardening and even burning of the general-grade asphalt-based non-woven felt in the carbonization process.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent upon reading of the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments thereof, with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a hot air circulating from top to bottom in a hot air circulating manner in a pre-oxidation process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a hot wind circulating from bottom to top in a hot wind circulating manner in the pre-oxidation process of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic flow diagram of a general purpose pitch-based non-woven mat pre-oxidation process of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is specifically explained in the following with the accompanying drawings of the specification.
The detailed features and advantages of the present invention are described in detail in the detailed description which follows, and will be sufficient for anyone skilled in the art to understand the technical content of the present invention and to implement the present invention, and the related objects and advantages of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the description, claims and drawings disclosed in the present specification.
The pre-oxidation method of the general-purpose asphalt-based non-woven felt generally uses pre-oxidation furnace equipment, and the work flow of the pre-oxidation furnace equipment is as follows: the net chain tensioning device is started before the pre-oxidation furnace operates, the net chain is tensioned, the asphalt-based non-woven felt coming out of the spinning assembly falls on the net chain after being sucked by the exhaust fan, hot air heated from the outside enters from the perforated plate, and contacts with the precursor to start pre-oxidation of the precursor after passing through the fan cover, the distributing plate and the filament pressing plate, the pre-oxidation time is controlled by controlling the running speed of the net chain, and the blowing mode can be combined up and down according to the requirements of users.
First embodiment
As shown in the attached fig. 1, the attached fig. 2 and the attached fig. 3, the high-efficiency pre-oxidation method of the general-grade asphalt-based non-woven felt comprises the following steps:
step 1: the thickness of the protofilament of the general-grade asphalt non-woven felt 1 to be pre-oxidized is 9cm, the width of the protofilament is 45cm, a multi-section pre-oxidation furnace is adopted, the total length of the pre-oxidation furnace is 60 meters, the length of each section of pre-oxidation furnace is 1.5m, the running speed of a net chain 2 in the pre-oxidation furnace is controlled to be 0.5m/min, and the pre-oxidation time in the pre-oxidation furnace is 2 hours;
step 2: the pre-oxidation furnace is of a multi-section combined type, each section is provided with an independent hot air heating and hot air circulating system, and the circulating amount of each section of hot air in the pre-oxidation furnace is set to be 500m3/h;
And step 3: the temperature of the pre-oxidation furnace is divided into four zones: wherein, the 1-10 sections of the pre-oxidation furnace are a first temperature area, namely a low-temperature area, and the temperature is increased from 160 ℃ to 169 ℃ gradually from 1 ℃ in each section; the 11-20 sections of the pre-oxidation furnace are second temperature areas, namely slow oxidation areas, and the temperature is increased from 169 ℃ to 199 ℃ from 3 ℃ in each section; the 21-30 sections of the pre-oxidation furnace are a third temperature zone, namely a rapid oxidation zone, and the temperature of each section is increased from 199 ℃ to 299 ℃ by 10 ℃; the 31-40 sections of the pre-oxidation furnace are a fourth temperature zone, namely a cooling zone, and the temperature is reduced from 299 ℃ to 199 ℃ section by 10 ℃; the hot air in the first temperature area and the hot air in the second temperature area of the pre-oxidation furnace circulate from bottom to top in a hot air circulation mode as shown in figure 2, the hot air in the third temperature area circulates from top to bottom in a hot air circulation mode as shown in figure 1, and the hot air in the fourth temperature area circulates from bottom to top in a hot air circulation mode as shown in figure 2;
and 4, step 4: and after the pre-oxidation is finished, controlling the oxygen content of the fibers of the pre-oxidized asphalt-based non-woven felt, and measuring that the content of the fibers of the pre-oxidized asphalt-based non-woven felt is 19 percent and the thickness of the pre-oxidized asphalt-based non-woven felt is 6 cm. And (3) placing the pre-oxidized fiber in a carbonization furnace, heating the fiber to 1000 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min according to a set program, and then keeping the temperature constant for 1h to obtain the general-grade asphalt-based carbon fiber.
The efficient pre-oxidation method for the universal asphalt-based non-woven felt is simple in process, good in controllability and efficient in pre-oxidation, the pre-oxidation time is shortened, and finally the tensile strength of the prepared universal asphalt-based carbon fiber is 670MPa and the tensile modulus is 42 GPa.
Second embodiment
The second embodiment of the present invention is similar to the first embodiment except for the following design changes. A high-efficiency pre-oxidation method of a general-grade asphalt-based non-woven felt comprises the following steps:
step 1: the thickness of the general-grade asphalt precursor fiber to be pre-oxidized is 9cm, the width of the general-grade asphalt precursor fiber to be pre-oxidized is 45cm, a multi-section pre-oxidation furnace is adopted, the total length of the pre-oxidation furnace is 60 meters, the running speed of a network chain in the pre-oxidation furnace is controlled to be 0.5m/min, and the pre-oxidation time in the pre-oxidation furnace is 2 hours;
step 2: the pre-oxidation furnace is of a multi-section combined type, each section is provided with an independent hot air heating and hot air circulating system, and the circulating amount of each section of hot air in the pre-oxidation furnace is set to be 880m3/h;
And step 3: the temperature of the pre-oxidation furnace is divided into four zones: wherein, the 1-10 sections of the pre-oxidation furnace are a first temperature area, namely a low-temperature area, and the temperature rise of each section is increased from 160 ℃ to 1 ℃ and gradually increased to 169 ℃; the 11-20 sections of the pre-oxidation furnace are second temperature areas, namely slow oxidation areas, and the temperature is increased from 169 ℃ to 229 ℃ by 5 ℃ in each section; the 21-30 sections of the pre-oxidation furnace are a third temperature area, namely a rapid oxidation area, and the temperature is increased from 229 ℃ to 309 ℃ by 10 ℃ in each section; the 31-40 sections of the pre-oxidation furnace are a fourth temperature zone, namely a cooling zone, and the temperature is reduced from 299 ℃ to 199 ℃ section by 10 ℃; the hot air in the first temperature area and the hot air in the second temperature area of the pre-oxidation furnace circulate from bottom to top in a hot air circulation mode as shown in figure 2, the hot air in the third temperature area circulates from top to bottom in a hot air circulation mode as shown in figure 1, and the hot air in the fourth temperature area circulates from bottom to top in a hot air circulation mode as shown in figure 2;
and 4, step 4: after the pre-oxidation is finished, controlling the oxygen content of the fibers of the pre-oxidized asphalt-based non-woven felt, measuring that the content of the fibers of the pre-oxidized asphalt-based non-woven felt is 21%, the thickness of the pre-oxidized asphalt-based non-woven felt is 5cm, placing the pre-oxidized fibers in a carbonization furnace, heating the carbonization furnace to 1000 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min according to a set program, and then keeping the temperature constant for 1h to obtain the universal asphalt-based carbon fiber.
The efficient pre-oxidation method of the embodiment has the advantages of simple process, good controllability, high efficiency of pre-oxidation, and shortened pre-oxidation time, and the prepared general-grade asphalt-based carbon fiber has the tensile strength of 710MPa and the tensile modulus of 45 GPa.
Finally, it should be noted that while the present invention has been described with reference to the specific embodiments thereof, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and various equivalent changes and substitutions may be made therein without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and therefore, it is intended that all changes and modifications to the above embodiments within the spirit and scope of the present invention be covered by the appended claims.

Claims (8)

1. A high-efficiency pre-oxidation method of a general-grade asphalt-based non-woven felt is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: a multi-section type pre-oxidation furnace is adopted, and the running speed and the pre-oxidation time of a net chain in the pre-oxidation furnace are controlled;
step 2, controlling the hot air circulation amount of each section of the pre-oxidation furnace;
and step 3: the temperature of the pre-oxidation furnace is divided into four zones: the hot air in the low-temperature area and the slow oxidation area circulates from bottom to top, the hot air in the fast oxidation area circulates from top to bottom, and the hot air in the cooling area circulates from bottom to top;
and 4, step 4: controlling the oxygen content of the pre-oxidized fiber of the asphalt-based non-woven felt, and placing the pre-oxidized fiber in a carbonization furnace to be carbonized according to the set temperature program to prepare the universal asphalt-based carbon fiber.
2. The process for efficient pre-oxidation of a universal grade asphalt-based non-woven felt according to claim 1, wherein the pre-oxidation oven of step 1 has a length of 60 to 120m and a length of 1.5m each.
3. The method for efficiently pre-oxidizing the general-grade asphalt-based non-woven felt according to claim 1, wherein the running speed of the net chain in the step 1 is 0.5-1 m/min, and the pre-oxidation time is 1-4 h.
4. The method for efficiently pre-oxidizing the general-grade asphalt-based non-woven felt according to claim 1, wherein the amount of hot air circulating per stage of the pre-oxidizing furnace in the step 2 is 400 to 2200m3/h。
5. The method for efficiently pre-oxidizing the general-purpose asphalt-based non-woven felt according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the low-temperature zone in the step 3 is set to 160 to 190 ℃, the temperature of the slow oxidation zone is set to 190 to 240 ℃, the temperature of the fast oxidation zone is set to 240 to 300 ℃, and the temperature of the cooling zone is set to 180 to 300 ℃.
6. The method for pre-oxidizing asphalt-based non-woven felt according to claim 1, wherein the pre-oxidized fiber in step 4 has an oxygen content of 15-25%.
7. The method for pre-oxidizing asphalt-based non-woven felt according to claim 1, wherein the temperature programming of the carbonization furnace in step 4 is performed at a rate of 5 ℃/min to 1000 ℃ and is kept constant for 1 hour.
8. The efficient pre-oxidation method for the general-purpose asphalt-based non-woven felt according to claim 1, wherein the carbonized fiber strength of the general-purpose asphalt-based carbon fiber prepared in the step 4 is 500-900 MPa, and the tensile modulus is 30-50 GPa.
CN202010951811.5A 2020-09-11 2020-09-11 Efficient pre-oxidation method of general-purpose asphalt-based non-woven felt Pending CN114164524A (en)

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CN114855306A (en) * 2022-05-18 2022-08-05 中复神鹰碳纤维股份有限公司 Pre-oxidation method of homogeneous high-strength medium-modulus carbon fiber precursor

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CN109972234A (en) * 2019-05-08 2019-07-05 广州赛奥碳纤维技术有限公司 A kind of tow parallel oxidation furnace and oxidation furnaces for realizing more operating temperatures
CN111020748A (en) * 2019-11-11 2020-04-17 上海高强高模新材料科技有限公司 Pre-oxidation method of mesophase pitch fiber

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CN102560744A (en) * 2011-12-21 2012-07-11 鞍山塞诺达碳纤维有限公司 Method for preparing universal pitch-based carbon fiber
CN103184589A (en) * 2013-04-15 2013-07-03 西安康本材料有限公司 Preparation method of PAN (polyacrylonitrile)-based carbon fiber for modifying protofilament through ammonification
CN104372445A (en) * 2013-08-13 2015-02-25 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Preparation method of polyacrylonitrile carbon fiber with evenly distributed copolymerization sequence
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