CN114164363A - High-strength and high-toughness cast magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength and high-toughness cast magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C23/00—Alloys based on magnesium
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- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
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- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/50—Multilayers
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- B05D7/58—No clear coat specified
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
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- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
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- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/026—Anodisation with spark discharge
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- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/30—Anodisation of magnesium or alloys based thereon
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-strength and high-toughness cast magnesium alloy, wherein the magnesium alloy comprises the following alloy elements in percentage by mass: cr: 16-25%, Al: 3.8-7.1%, Zn: 1.1-2.8%, yttrium-rich misch metal 1.1-1.5%, Si: 1.5 to 2.3%, Yb: 0.6-2.0%, N: 0.3-1.5%, Zr: 0.2-0.6%, W: less than or equal to 2.5 percent, and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurity elements; the preparation method of the high-strength and high-toughness cast magnesium alloy comprises the following steps: step a: preparing materials: according to Cr: 19%, Al: 5.7%, Zn: 2.4 percent and 1.2 percent of yttrium-rich misch metal. The invention realizes the purpose of good use effect, has the advantages of high strength and high toughness, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance and the like, expands the use range of the magnesium alloy, and improves the usability of the magnesium alloy, thereby improving the experience of users on the magnesium alloy, meeting the requirements of the current market and solving the problem of poor use effect of the magnesium alloy cast by the traditional method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of magnesium alloy, in particular to high-strength and high-toughness cast magnesium alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The magnesium alloy is formed by adding other elements into magnesium as a base, and is characterized in that: small density (about 1.8g/cm 3), high strength, large elastic modulus, good heat dissipation, good shock absorption, larger impact load bearing capacity than aluminum alloy, good organic matter and alkali corrosion resistance, aluminum, zinc, manganese, cerium, thorium, a small amount of zirconium or cadmium and the like as main alloy elements, and the magnesium-aluminum alloy is widely used, secondly, the magnesium-manganese alloy and the magnesium-zinc-zirconium alloy are mainly used in aviation, aerospace, transportation, chemical engineering, rocket and other industrial departments, but the magnesium alloy cast by the prior method has poor using effect and does not have high strength and high toughness, meanwhile, the magnesium alloy has no advantages of corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance and the like, limits the application range of the magnesium alloy, reduces the usability of the magnesium alloy, thereby reducing the experience of users on the magnesium alloy and being incapable of meeting the requirements of the current market, due to the problems, high-strength and high-toughness cast magnesium alloys and methods for preparing the same have been purposefully developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-strength and high-toughness cast magnesium alloy and a preparation method thereof, which have the advantage of good use effect and solve the problem of poor use effect of the magnesium alloy cast by the conventional method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the high-strength and high-toughness cast magnesium alloy comprises the following alloy elements in percentage by mass: cr: 16-25%, Al: 3.8-7.1%, Zn: 1.1-2.8%, yttrium-rich misch metal 1.1-1.5%, Si: 1.5 to 2.3%, Yb: 0.6-2.0%, N: 0.3-1.5%, Zr: 0.2-0.6%, W: less than or equal to 2.5 percent, and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurity elements;
the preparation method of the high-strength and high-toughness cast magnesium alloy comprises the following steps:
step a: preparing materials: according to Cr: 19%, Al: 5.7%, Zn: 2.4%, yttrium-rich misch metal 1.2%, Si: 2.1%, Yb: 1.8%, N: 1.0%, Zr: 0.28%, W: 2.5 percent of Mg and inevitable impurity element smelting ingredients, wherein Zr is added in the form of Mg-5Zr intermediate alloy, and yttrium-rich mischmetal is added in the form of Mg-10Re rare earth intermediate alloy;
step b: preheating: selecting a composite crucible, putting the prepared magnesium ingot into a crucible heating furnace, wherein the inner layer is made of heat-resistant boiler steel with the thickness of 20-30 mm, the outer layer is formed by compounding stainless steel plates with the thickness of 4-6 mm, preheating the magnesium ingot at 100 ℃ for 60min, and then heating to 300 ℃ for 60 min;
step c: smelting: covering a layer of magnesium alloy smelting covering agent on the upper surface of a magnesium ingot, heating furnace materials to 700-730 ℃, melting the magnesium ingot, heating to 680-700 ℃, adding trace elements, adding zinc ingots, Mg-5Zr intermediate alloy and Mg-10Re rare earth intermediate alloy blocks, stirring to obtain magnesium alloy melt with uniform components, mechanically stirring for 15min, introducing mixed gas of SF6 and CO2 into the magnesium alloy melt in a closed environment, standing for 90min, heating to 730-750 ℃, and preserving heat for 60 min;
step d: refining: adding a magnesium alloy refining agent, fully stirring, refining, standing, cooling to 680-700 ℃ for preparing casting, and adopting PFD anaerobic refining;
step e: casting: cooling to 695-705 ℃, solidifying the magnesium alloy to form a magnesium alloy casting material, and adopting medium-frequency electromagnetic casting;
step f: preparing materials: homogenizing the casting material, cutting the casting material into a bar material with the weight of 23.8-24.1 kg, preheating for 120-180 min in a heating furnace at 450-500 ℃, wherein the verticality of the section of the product is less than 2mm, and the error of the length of the product is +/-0.5 mm;
step g: forging: pre-forging the front and back surfaces of the cast rod by adopting a 8000T pressure forging machine in the atmosphere of nitrogen to form a rough blank;
step h: and carrying out sand blasting, heat treatment and surface treatment on the rough blank in sequence to obtain a finished product.
Preferably, the sand blasting treatment in the step h comprises: removing oxide skin on the surface of the rough blank by spraying solid-liquid mixed sandblasting liquid at 350-400 ℃, wherein the spraying distance is as follows: 5cm, and the spraying time is 4-5 min.
Preferably, the heat treatment in the step h is as follows: and (3) tempering the hot-pressed rough blank semi-finished product at the tempering temperature of 550-620 ℃ for 30min, then keeping the temperature at the quenching temperature of 60-80 ℃ for 2-3 min, and performing aging treatment after quenching at the aging temperature of 115-125 ℃ for 24 h.
Preferably, in the step h, the surface treatment is as follows: micro-arc oxidation treatment is firstly carried out on finished product incoming materials to form a ceramic film on the surface of a product, corrosion resistance is increased, moisture is removed through a baking line, base powder spraying is carried out after baking is finished, corrosion resistance is further increased, color spraying is carried out according to customer requirements, liquid coating mainly comprising base paint and colored paint, and bright paint or bright powder are sprayed on a surface protection layer and are baked, after micro-arc oxidation treatment, baking is carried out at the temperature of 120-150 ℃ for 15-30 min, after base powder spraying, baking is carried out at the temperature of 160-200 ℃ for 15-30 min, after spraying liquid coating mainly comprising base paint and colored paint, and bright paint or bright powder on the surface protection layer, baking is carried out at the temperature of 140-200 ℃ for 15-30 min.
Preferably, the yttrium-rich misch metal in the step a comprises the following rare earths in percentage by weight: y: 28%, Nd: 18%, Gd: 15% and Dy: 12%, La: 10% and Ce: 8% and Pr: 4%, Ho: 3% and Er: 2 percent.
Preferably, the spray liquid is prepared from 15-25 parts of water, 5-8 parts of grinding particles and 9-13 parts of leucine in a ratio, and the spray pressure is as follows: 2.5 MPa.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention realizes the purpose of good use effect, has the advantages of high strength and high toughness, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance and the like, expands the use range of the magnesium alloy, and improves the usability of the magnesium alloy, thereby improving the experience of users on the magnesium alloy, meeting the requirements of the current market and solving the problem of poor use effect of the magnesium alloy cast by the traditional method.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The high-strength and high-toughness cast magnesium alloy comprises the following alloy elements in percentage by mass: cr: 16-25%, Al: 3.8-7.1%, Zn: 1.1-2.8%, yttrium-rich misch metal 1.1-1.5%, Si: 1.5 to 2.3%, Yb: 0.6-2.0%, N: 0.3-1.5%, Zr: 0.2-0.6%, W: less than or equal to 2.5 percent, and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurity elements;
the preparation method of the high-strength and high-toughness cast magnesium alloy comprises the following steps:
step a: preparing materials: according to Cr: 19%, Al: 5.7%, Zn: 2.4%, yttrium-rich misch metal 1.2%, Si: 2.1%, Yb: 1.8%, N: 1.0%, Zr: 0.28%, W: 2.5 percent of Mg and inevitable impurity element smelting ingredients, wherein Zr is added in the form of Mg-5Zr intermediate alloy, and yttrium-rich mischmetal is added in the form of Mg-10Re rare earth intermediate alloy;
step b: preheating: selecting a composite crucible, putting the prepared magnesium ingot into a crucible heating furnace, wherein the inner layer is made of heat-resistant boiler steel with the thickness of 20-30 mm, the outer layer is formed by compounding stainless steel plates with the thickness of 4-6 mm, preheating the magnesium ingot at 100 ℃ for 60min, and then heating to 300 ℃ for 60 min;
step c: smelting: covering a layer of magnesium alloy smelting covering agent on the upper surface of a magnesium ingot, heating furnace materials to 700-730 ℃, melting the magnesium ingot, heating to 680-700 ℃, adding trace elements, adding zinc ingots, Mg-5Zr intermediate alloy and Mg-10Re rare earth intermediate alloy blocks, stirring to obtain magnesium alloy melt with uniform components, mechanically stirring for 15min, introducing mixed gas of SF6 and CO2 into the magnesium alloy melt in a closed environment, standing for 90min, heating to 730-750 ℃, and preserving heat for 60 min;
step d: refining: adding a magnesium alloy refining agent, fully stirring, refining, standing, cooling to 680-700 ℃ for preparing casting, and adopting PFD anaerobic refining;
step e: casting: cooling to 695-705 ℃, solidifying the magnesium alloy to form a magnesium alloy casting material, and adopting medium-frequency electromagnetic casting;
step f: preparing materials: homogenizing the casting material, cutting the casting material into a bar material with the weight of 23.8-24.1 kg, preheating for 120-180 min in a heating furnace at 450-500 ℃, wherein the verticality of the section of the product is less than 2mm, and the error of the length of the product is +/-0.5 mm;
step g: forging: pre-forging the front and back surfaces of the cast rod by adopting a 8000T pressure forging machine in the atmosphere of nitrogen to form a rough blank;
step h: and carrying out sand blasting, heat treatment and surface treatment on the rough blank in sequence to obtain a finished product.
Example 1
The high-strength and high-toughness cast magnesium alloy comprises the following alloy elements in percentage by mass: cr: 16-25%, Al: 3.8-7.1%, Zn: 1.1-2.8%, yttrium-rich misch metal 1.1-1.5%, Si: 1.5 to 2.3%, Yb: 0.6-2.0%, N: 0.3-1.5%, Zr: 0.2-0.6%, W: less than or equal to 2.5 percent, and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurity elements;
the preparation method of the high-strength and high-toughness cast magnesium alloy comprises the following steps:
step a: preparing materials: according to Cr: 19%, Al: 5.7%, Zn: 2.4%, yttrium-rich misch metal 1.2%, Si: 2.1%, Yb: 1.8%, N: 1.0%, Zr: 0.28%, W: 2.5 percent of Mg and inevitable impurity element smelting ingredients, wherein Zr is added in the form of Mg-5Zr intermediate alloy, and yttrium-rich mischmetal is added in the form of Mg-10Re rare earth intermediate alloy;
step b: preheating: selecting a composite crucible, putting the prepared magnesium ingot into a crucible heating furnace, wherein the inner layer is made of heat-resistant boiler steel with the thickness of 20-30 mm, the outer layer is formed by compounding stainless steel plates with the thickness of 4-6 mm, preheating the magnesium ingot at 100 ℃ for 60min, and then heating to 300 ℃ for 60 min;
step c: smelting: covering a layer of magnesium alloy smelting covering agent on the upper surface of a magnesium ingot, heating furnace materials to 700-730 ℃, melting the magnesium ingot, heating to 680-700 ℃, adding trace elements, adding zinc ingots, Mg-5Zr intermediate alloy and Mg-10Re rare earth intermediate alloy blocks, stirring to obtain magnesium alloy melt with uniform components, mechanically stirring for 15min, introducing mixed gas of SF6 and CO2 into the magnesium alloy melt in a closed environment, standing for 90min, heating to 730-750 ℃, and preserving heat for 60 min;
step d: refining: adding a magnesium alloy refining agent, fully stirring, refining, standing, cooling to 680-700 ℃ for preparing casting, and adopting PFD anaerobic refining;
step e: casting: cooling to 695-705 ℃, solidifying the magnesium alloy to form a magnesium alloy casting material, and adopting medium-frequency electromagnetic casting;
step f: preparing materials: homogenizing the casting material, cutting the casting material into a bar material with the weight of 23.8-24.1 kg, preheating for 120-180 min in a heating furnace at 450-500 ℃, wherein the verticality of the section of the product is less than 2mm, and the error of the length of the product is +/-0.5 mm;
step g: forging: pre-forging the front and back surfaces of the cast rod by adopting a 8000T pressure forging machine in the atmosphere of nitrogen to form a rough blank;
step h: and carrying out sand blasting, heat treatment and surface treatment on the rough blank in sequence to obtain a finished product.
Example 2
In example 1, the following additional steps were added:
carrying out sand blasting treatment in the step h: removing oxide skin on the surface of the rough blank by spraying solid-liquid mixed sandblasting liquid at 350-400 ℃, wherein the spraying distance is as follows: 5cm, and the spraying time is 4-5 min.
The high-strength and high-toughness cast magnesium alloy comprises the following alloy elements in percentage by mass: cr: 16-25%, Al: 3.8-7.1%, Zn: 1.1-2.8%, yttrium-rich misch metal 1.1-1.5%, Si: 1.5 to 2.3%, Yb: 0.6-2.0%, N: 0.3-1.5%, Zr: 0.2-0.6%, W: less than or equal to 2.5 percent, and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurity elements;
the preparation method of the high-strength and high-toughness cast magnesium alloy comprises the following steps:
step a: preparing materials: according to Cr: 19%, Al: 5.7%, Zn: 2.4%, yttrium-rich misch metal 1.2%, Si: 2.1%, Yb: 1.8%, N: 1.0%, Zr: 0.28%, W: 2.5 percent of Mg and inevitable impurity element smelting ingredients, wherein Zr is added in the form of Mg-5Zr intermediate alloy, and yttrium-rich mischmetal is added in the form of Mg-10Re rare earth intermediate alloy;
step b: preheating: selecting a composite crucible, putting the prepared magnesium ingot into a crucible heating furnace, wherein the inner layer is made of heat-resistant boiler steel with the thickness of 20-30 mm, the outer layer is formed by compounding stainless steel plates with the thickness of 4-6 mm, preheating the magnesium ingot at 100 ℃ for 60min, and then heating to 300 ℃ for 60 min;
step c: smelting: covering a layer of magnesium alloy smelting covering agent on the upper surface of a magnesium ingot, heating furnace materials to 700-730 ℃, melting the magnesium ingot, heating to 680-700 ℃, adding trace elements, adding zinc ingots, Mg-5Zr intermediate alloy and Mg-10Re rare earth intermediate alloy blocks, stirring to obtain magnesium alloy melt with uniform components, mechanically stirring for 15min, introducing mixed gas of SF6 and CO2 into the magnesium alloy melt in a closed environment, standing for 90min, heating to 730-750 ℃, and preserving heat for 60 min;
step d: refining: adding a magnesium alloy refining agent, fully stirring, refining, standing, cooling to 680-700 ℃ for preparing casting, and adopting PFD anaerobic refining;
step e: casting: cooling to 695-705 ℃, solidifying the magnesium alloy to form a magnesium alloy casting material, and adopting medium-frequency electromagnetic casting;
step f: preparing materials: homogenizing the casting material, cutting the casting material into a bar material with the weight of 23.8-24.1 kg, preheating for 120-180 min in a heating furnace at 450-500 ℃, wherein the verticality of the section of the product is less than 2mm, and the error of the length of the product is +/-0.5 mm;
step g: forging: pre-forging the front and back surfaces of the cast rod by adopting a 8000T pressure forging machine in the atmosphere of nitrogen to form a rough blank;
step h: and carrying out sand blasting, heat treatment and surface treatment on the rough blank in sequence to obtain a finished product.
Example 3
In example 2, the following steps were added:
step h, heat treatment: and (3) tempering the hot-pressed rough blank semi-finished product at the tempering temperature of 550-620 ℃ for 30min, then keeping the temperature at the quenching temperature of 60-80 ℃ for 2-3 min, and performing aging treatment after quenching at the aging temperature of 115-125 ℃ for 24 h.
The high-strength and high-toughness cast magnesium alloy comprises the following alloy elements in percentage by mass: cr: 16-25%, Al: 3.8-7.1%, Zn: 1.1-2.8%, yttrium-rich misch metal 1.1-1.5%, Si: 1.5 to 2.3%, Yb: 0.6-2.0%, N: 0.3-1.5%, Zr: 0.2-0.6%, W: less than or equal to 2.5 percent, and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurity elements;
the preparation method of the high-strength and high-toughness cast magnesium alloy comprises the following steps:
step a: preparing materials: according to Cr: 19%, Al: 5.7%, Zn: 2.4%, yttrium-rich misch metal 1.2%, Si: 2.1%, Yb: 1.8%, N: 1.0%, Zr: 0.28%, W: 2.5 percent of Mg and inevitable impurity element smelting ingredients, wherein Zr is added in the form of Mg-5Zr intermediate alloy, and yttrium-rich mischmetal is added in the form of Mg-10Re rare earth intermediate alloy;
step b: preheating: selecting a composite crucible, putting the prepared magnesium ingot into a crucible heating furnace, wherein the inner layer is made of heat-resistant boiler steel with the thickness of 20-30 mm, the outer layer is formed by compounding stainless steel plates with the thickness of 4-6 mm, preheating the magnesium ingot at 100 ℃ for 60min, and then heating to 300 ℃ for 60 min;
step c: smelting: covering a layer of magnesium alloy smelting covering agent on the upper surface of a magnesium ingot, heating furnace materials to 700-730 ℃, melting the magnesium ingot, heating to 680-700 ℃, adding trace elements, adding zinc ingots, Mg-5Zr intermediate alloy and Mg-10Re rare earth intermediate alloy blocks, stirring to obtain magnesium alloy melt with uniform components, mechanically stirring for 15min, introducing mixed gas of SF6 and CO2 into the magnesium alloy melt in a closed environment, standing for 90min, heating to 730-750 ℃, and preserving heat for 60 min;
step d: refining: adding a magnesium alloy refining agent, fully stirring, refining, standing, cooling to 680-700 ℃ for preparing casting, and adopting PFD anaerobic refining;
step e: casting: cooling to 695-705 ℃, solidifying the magnesium alloy to form a magnesium alloy casting material, and adopting medium-frequency electromagnetic casting;
step f: preparing materials: homogenizing the casting material, cutting the casting material into a bar material with the weight of 23.8-24.1 kg, preheating for 120-180 min in a heating furnace at 450-500 ℃, wherein the verticality of the section of the product is less than 2mm, and the error of the length of the product is +/-0.5 mm;
step g: forging: pre-forging the front and back surfaces of the cast rod by adopting a 8000T pressure forging machine in the atmosphere of nitrogen to form a rough blank;
step h: and carrying out sand blasting, heat treatment and surface treatment on the rough blank in sequence to obtain a finished product.
Example 4
In example 3, the following steps were added:
surface treatment in step h: micro-arc oxidation treatment is firstly carried out on finished product incoming materials to form a ceramic film on the surface of a product, corrosion resistance is increased, moisture is removed through a baking line, base powder spraying is carried out after baking is finished, corrosion resistance is further increased, color spraying is carried out according to customer requirements, liquid coating mainly comprising base paint and colored paint, and bright paint or bright powder are sprayed on a surface protection layer and are baked, after micro-arc oxidation treatment, baking is carried out at the temperature of 120-150 ℃ for 15-30 min, after base powder spraying, baking is carried out at the temperature of 160-200 ℃ for 15-30 min, after spraying liquid coating mainly comprising base paint and colored paint, and bright paint or bright powder on the surface protection layer, baking is carried out at the temperature of 140-200 ℃ for 15-30 min.
The high-strength and high-toughness cast magnesium alloy comprises the following alloy elements in percentage by mass: cr: 16-25%, Al: 3.8-7.1%, Zn: 1.1-2.8%, yttrium-rich misch metal 1.1-1.5%, Si: 1.5 to 2.3%, Yb: 0.6-2.0%, N: 0.3-1.5%, Zr: 0.2-0.6%, W: less than or equal to 2.5 percent, and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurity elements;
the preparation method of the high-strength and high-toughness cast magnesium alloy comprises the following steps:
step a: preparing materials: according to Cr: 19%, Al: 5.7%, Zn: 2.4%, yttrium-rich misch metal 1.2%, Si: 2.1%, Yb: 1.8%, N: 1.0%, Zr: 0.28%, W: 2.5 percent of Mg and inevitable impurity element smelting ingredients, wherein Zr is added in the form of Mg-5Zr intermediate alloy, and yttrium-rich mischmetal is added in the form of Mg-10Re rare earth intermediate alloy;
step b: preheating: selecting a composite crucible, putting the prepared magnesium ingot into a crucible heating furnace, wherein the inner layer is made of heat-resistant boiler steel with the thickness of 20-30 mm, the outer layer is formed by compounding stainless steel plates with the thickness of 4-6 mm, preheating the magnesium ingot at 100 ℃ for 60min, and then heating to 300 ℃ for 60 min;
step c: smelting: covering a layer of magnesium alloy smelting covering agent on the upper surface of a magnesium ingot, heating furnace materials to 700-730 ℃, melting the magnesium ingot, heating to 680-700 ℃, adding trace elements, adding zinc ingots, Mg-5Zr intermediate alloy and Mg-10Re rare earth intermediate alloy blocks, stirring to obtain magnesium alloy melt with uniform components, mechanically stirring for 15min, introducing mixed gas of SF6 and CO2 into the magnesium alloy melt in a closed environment, standing for 90min, heating to 730-750 ℃, and preserving heat for 60 min;
step d: refining: adding a magnesium alloy refining agent, fully stirring, refining, standing, cooling to 680-700 ℃ for preparing casting, and adopting PFD anaerobic refining;
step e: casting: cooling to 695-705 ℃, solidifying the magnesium alloy to form a magnesium alloy casting material, and adopting medium-frequency electromagnetic casting;
step f: preparing materials: homogenizing the casting material, cutting the casting material into a bar material with the weight of 23.8-24.1 kg, preheating for 120-180 min in a heating furnace at 450-500 ℃, wherein the verticality of the section of the product is less than 2mm, and the error of the length of the product is +/-0.5 mm;
step g: forging: pre-forging the front and back surfaces of the cast rod by adopting a 8000T pressure forging machine in the atmosphere of nitrogen to form a rough blank;
step h: and carrying out sand blasting, heat treatment and surface treatment on the rough blank in sequence to obtain a finished product.
Example 5
In example 4, the following steps were added:
in the step a, the yttrium-rich mixed rare earth comprises the following rare earth in percentage by weight: y: 28%, Nd: 18%, Gd: 15% and Dy: 12%, La: 10% and Ce: 8% and Pr: 4%, Ho: 3% and Er: 2 percent.
The high-strength and high-toughness cast magnesium alloy comprises the following alloy elements in percentage by mass: cr: 16-25%, Al: 3.8-7.1%, Zn: 1.1-2.8%, yttrium-rich misch metal 1.1-1.5%, Si: 1.5 to 2.3%, Yb: 0.6-2.0%, N: 0.3-1.5%, Zr: 0.2-0.6%, W: less than or equal to 2.5 percent, and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurity elements;
the preparation method of the high-strength and high-toughness cast magnesium alloy comprises the following steps:
step a: preparing materials: according to Cr: 19%, Al: 5.7%, Zn: 2.4%, yttrium-rich misch metal 1.2%, Si: 2.1%, Yb: 1.8%, N: 1.0%, Zr: 0.28%, W: 2.5 percent of Mg and inevitable impurity element smelting ingredients, wherein Zr is added in the form of Mg-5Zr intermediate alloy, and yttrium-rich mischmetal is added in the form of Mg-10Re rare earth intermediate alloy;
step b: preheating: selecting a composite crucible, putting the prepared magnesium ingot into a crucible heating furnace, wherein the inner layer is made of heat-resistant boiler steel with the thickness of 20-30 mm, the outer layer is formed by compounding stainless steel plates with the thickness of 4-6 mm, preheating the magnesium ingot at 100 ℃ for 60min, and then heating to 300 ℃ for 60 min;
step c: smelting: covering a layer of magnesium alloy smelting covering agent on the upper surface of a magnesium ingot, heating furnace materials to 700-730 ℃, melting the magnesium ingot, heating to 680-700 ℃, adding trace elements, adding zinc ingots, Mg-5Zr intermediate alloy and Mg-10Re rare earth intermediate alloy blocks, stirring to obtain magnesium alloy melt with uniform components, mechanically stirring for 15min, introducing mixed gas of SF6 and CO2 into the magnesium alloy melt in a closed environment, standing for 90min, heating to 730-750 ℃, and preserving heat for 60 min;
step d: refining: adding a magnesium alloy refining agent, fully stirring, refining, standing, cooling to 680-700 ℃ for preparing casting, and adopting PFD anaerobic refining;
step e: casting: cooling to 695-705 ℃, solidifying the magnesium alloy to form a magnesium alloy casting material, and adopting medium-frequency electromagnetic casting;
step f: preparing materials: homogenizing the casting material, cutting the casting material into a bar material with the weight of 23.8-24.1 kg, preheating for 120-180 min in a heating furnace at 450-500 ℃, wherein the verticality of the section of the product is less than 2mm, and the error of the length of the product is +/-0.5 mm;
step g: forging: pre-forging the front and back surfaces of the cast rod by adopting a 8000T pressure forging machine in the atmosphere of nitrogen to form a rough blank;
step h: and carrying out sand blasting, heat treatment and surface treatment on the rough blank in sequence to obtain a finished product.
Example 6
In example 5, the following steps were added:
the spraying liquid is prepared from 15-25 parts of water, 5-8 parts of grinding particles and 9-13 parts of leucine in a ratio, and the spraying pressure is as follows: 2.5 MPa.
The high-strength and high-toughness cast magnesium alloy comprises the following alloy elements in percentage by mass: cr: 16-25%, Al: 3.8-7.1%, Zn: 1.1-2.8%, yttrium-rich misch metal 1.1-1.5%, Si: 1.5 to 2.3%, Yb: 0.6-2.0%, N: 0.3-1.5%, Zr: 0.2-0.6%, W: less than or equal to 2.5 percent, and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurity elements;
the preparation method of the high-strength and high-toughness cast magnesium alloy comprises the following steps:
step a: preparing materials: according to Cr: 19%, Al: 5.7%, Zn: 2.4%, yttrium-rich misch metal 1.2%, Si: 2.1%, Yb: 1.8%, N: 1.0%, Zr: 0.28%, W: 2.5 percent of Mg and inevitable impurity element smelting ingredients, wherein Zr is added in the form of Mg-5Zr intermediate alloy, and yttrium-rich mischmetal is added in the form of Mg-10Re rare earth intermediate alloy;
step b: preheating: selecting a composite crucible, putting the prepared magnesium ingot into a crucible heating furnace, wherein the inner layer is made of heat-resistant boiler steel with the thickness of 20-30 mm, the outer layer is formed by compounding stainless steel plates with the thickness of 4-6 mm, preheating the magnesium ingot at 100 ℃ for 60min, and then heating to 300 ℃ for 60 min;
step c: smelting: covering a layer of magnesium alloy smelting covering agent on the upper surface of a magnesium ingot, heating furnace materials to 700-730 ℃, melting the magnesium ingot, heating to 680-700 ℃, adding trace elements, adding zinc ingots, Mg-5Zr intermediate alloy and Mg-10Re rare earth intermediate alloy blocks, stirring to obtain magnesium alloy melt with uniform components, mechanically stirring for 15min, introducing mixed gas of SF6 and CO2 into the magnesium alloy melt in a closed environment, standing for 90min, heating to 730-750 ℃, and preserving heat for 60 min;
step d: refining: adding a magnesium alloy refining agent, fully stirring, refining, standing, cooling to 680-700 ℃ for preparing casting, and adopting PFD anaerobic refining;
step e: casting: cooling to 695-705 ℃, solidifying the magnesium alloy to form a magnesium alloy casting material, and adopting medium-frequency electromagnetic casting;
step f: preparing materials: homogenizing the casting material, cutting the casting material into a bar material with the weight of 23.8-24.1 kg, preheating for 120-180 min in a heating furnace at 450-500 ℃, wherein the verticality of the section of the product is less than 2mm, and the error of the length of the product is +/-0.5 mm;
step g: forging: pre-forging the front and back surfaces of the cast rod by adopting a 8000T pressure forging machine in the atmosphere of nitrogen to form a rough blank;
step h: and carrying out sand blasting, heat treatment and surface treatment on the rough blank in sequence to obtain a finished product.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. The high-strength and high-toughness cast magnesium alloy is characterized in that: the magnesium alloy comprises the following alloy elements in percentage by mass: cr: 16-25%, Al: 3.8-7.1%, Zn: 1.1-2.8%, yttrium-rich misch metal 1.1-1.5%, Si: 1.5 to 2.3%, Yb: 0.6-2.0%, N: 0.3-1.5%, Zr: 0.2-0.6%, W: less than or equal to 2.5 percent, and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurity elements;
the preparation method of the high-strength and high-toughness cast magnesium alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
step a: preparing materials: according to Cr: 19%, Al: 5.7%, Zn: 2.4%, yttrium-rich misch metal 1.2%, Si: 2.1%, Yb: 1.8%, N: 1.0%, Zr: 0.28%, W: 2.5 percent of Mg and inevitable impurity element smelting ingredients, wherein Zr is added in the form of Mg-5Zr intermediate alloy, and yttrium-rich mischmetal is added in the form of Mg-10Re rare earth intermediate alloy;
step b: preheating: selecting a composite crucible, putting the prepared magnesium ingot into a crucible heating furnace, wherein the inner layer is made of heat-resistant boiler steel with the thickness of 20-30 mm, the outer layer is formed by compounding stainless steel plates with the thickness of 4-6 mm, preheating the magnesium ingot at 100 ℃ for 60min, and then heating to 300 ℃ for 60 min;
step c: smelting: covering a layer of magnesium alloy smelting covering agent on the upper surface of a magnesium ingot, heating furnace materials to 700-730 ℃, melting the magnesium ingot, heating to 680-700 ℃, adding trace elements, adding zinc ingots, Mg-5Zr intermediate alloy and Mg-10Re rare earth intermediate alloy blocks, stirring to obtain magnesium alloy melt with uniform components, mechanically stirring for 15min, introducing mixed gas of SF6 and CO2 into the magnesium alloy melt in a closed environment, standing for 90min, heating to 730-750 ℃, and preserving heat for 60 min;
step d: refining: adding a magnesium alloy refining agent, fully stirring, refining, standing, cooling to 680-700 ℃ for preparing casting, and adopting PFD anaerobic refining;
step e: casting: cooling to 695-705 ℃, solidifying the magnesium alloy to form a magnesium alloy casting material, and adopting medium-frequency electromagnetic casting;
step f: preparing materials: homogenizing the casting material, cutting the casting material into a bar material with the weight of 23.8-24.1 kg, preheating for 120-180 min in a heating furnace at 450-500 ℃, wherein the verticality of the section of the product is less than 2mm, and the error of the length of the product is +/-0.5 mm;
step g: forging: pre-forging the front and back surfaces of the cast rod by adopting a 8000T pressure forging machine in the atmosphere of nitrogen to form a rough blank;
step h: and carrying out sand blasting, heat treatment and surface treatment on the rough blank in sequence to obtain a finished product.
2. The method for preparing the high-strength and high-toughness cast magnesium alloy according to claim 1, is characterized in that: and (b) performing sand blasting treatment in the step h: removing oxide skin on the surface of the rough blank by spraying solid-liquid mixed sandblasting liquid at 350-400 ℃, wherein the spraying distance is as follows: 5cm, and the spraying time is 4-5 min.
3. The method for preparing the high-strength and high-toughness cast magnesium alloy according to claim 1, is characterized in that: heat treatment in the step h: and (3) tempering the hot-pressed rough blank semi-finished product at the tempering temperature of 550-620 ℃ for 30min, then keeping the temperature at the quenching temperature of 60-80 ℃ for 2-3 min, and performing aging treatment after quenching at the aging temperature of 115-125 ℃ for 24 h.
4. The method for preparing the high-strength and high-toughness cast magnesium alloy according to claim 1, is characterized in that: and (e) surface treatment in the step h: micro-arc oxidation treatment is firstly carried out on finished product incoming materials to form a ceramic film on the surface of a product, corrosion resistance is increased, moisture is removed through a baking line, base powder spraying is carried out after baking is finished, corrosion resistance is further increased, color spraying is carried out according to customer requirements, liquid coating mainly comprising base paint and colored paint, and bright paint or bright powder are sprayed on a surface protection layer and are baked, after micro-arc oxidation treatment, baking is carried out at the temperature of 120-150 ℃ for 15-30 min, after base powder spraying, baking is carried out at the temperature of 160-200 ℃ for 15-30 min, after spraying liquid coating mainly comprising base paint and colored paint, and bright paint or bright powder on the surface protection layer, baking is carried out at the temperature of 140-200 ℃ for 15-30 min.
5. The method for preparing the high-strength and high-toughness cast magnesium alloy according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the yttrium-rich mixed rare earth in the step a comprises the following rare earths in percentage by weight: y: 28%, Nd: 18%, Gd: 15% and Dy: 12%, La: 10% and Ce: 8% and Pr: 4%, Ho: 3% and Er: 2 percent.
6. The method for preparing the high-toughness cast magnesium alloy according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the spraying liquid is prepared from 15-25 parts of water, 5-8 parts of grinding particles and 9-13 parts of leucine in a ratio, and the spraying pressure is as follows: 2.5 MPa.
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| CN115074565A (en) * | 2022-07-26 | 2022-09-20 | 西安四方超轻材料有限公司 | Zirconium adding method of zirconium-containing magnesium alloy |
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| JPH10140304A (en) * | 1996-11-01 | 1998-05-26 | Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc | Heat treating method for magnesium alloy |
| CN108342630A (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2018-07-31 | 句容百利镁合金材料科技有限公司 | The preparation method of magnesium alloy, the preparation method of magnesium alloy profiles and magnesium alloy rim |
| CN110331320A (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2019-10-15 | 内蒙古中钰镁合金锻造轮毂有限公司 | A kind of corrosion resistant magnesium alloy hub resistant to high temperatures and preparation method thereof |
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| JPH10140304A (en) * | 1996-11-01 | 1998-05-26 | Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc | Heat treating method for magnesium alloy |
| CN108342630A (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2018-07-31 | 句容百利镁合金材料科技有限公司 | The preparation method of magnesium alloy, the preparation method of magnesium alloy profiles and magnesium alloy rim |
| CN110331320A (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2019-10-15 | 内蒙古中钰镁合金锻造轮毂有限公司 | A kind of corrosion resistant magnesium alloy hub resistant to high temperatures and preparation method thereof |
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| CN115074565A (en) * | 2022-07-26 | 2022-09-20 | 西安四方超轻材料有限公司 | Zirconium adding method of zirconium-containing magnesium alloy |
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