CN114161983B - Electric vehicle battery replacement system and charging method of battery pack - Google Patents

Electric vehicle battery replacement system and charging method of battery pack Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114161983B
CN114161983B CN202111364912.3A CN202111364912A CN114161983B CN 114161983 B CN114161983 B CN 114161983B CN 202111364912 A CN202111364912 A CN 202111364912A CN 114161983 B CN114161983 B CN 114161983B
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China
Prior art keywords
battery
power
target
battery pack
charging
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CN202111364912.3A
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CN114161983A (en
Inventor
孙正晓
刘骁
杨振华
张一鹏
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Beijing Haibosichuang Engineering Technology Co ltd
Beijing Hyperstrong Technology Co Ltd
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Beijing Haibo Chuangyuan Technology Co ltd
Beijing Hyperstrong Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202111364912.3A priority Critical patent/CN114161983B/en
Publication of CN114161983A publication Critical patent/CN114161983A/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The application provides a charging method of electric motor car battery replacement system and battery package relates to energy-concerving and environment-protective, new energy automobile field, can be when judging that the electric quantity of electric motor car is not enough, is full of at least one battery package for the nearby storehouse that charges of electric motor car in advance, like this, when the electric motor car arrived the storehouse that charges, need not wait for the process that the battery package charges, has shortened the process that the electric motor car traded the battery.

Description

Electric vehicle battery replacement system and charging method of battery pack
Technical Field
The embodiment of the application relates to the technical field of electric vehicle charging and battery replacement, in particular to an electric vehicle charging and battery replacement system and a charging method of a battery pack.
Background
The strategic significance of developing the electric vehicle for relieving the energy environmental pressure and cultivating new economic growth points is increasingly remarkable, so the electric vehicle industry is more developed. The electric vehicle has the remarkable advantages of high efficiency, energy conservation, low noise, zero emission and the like, and has irreplaceable advantages in the aspects of environmental protection and energy conservation. However, the electric vehicle has limited battery capacity, longer charging time, poor cruising ability and other problems, which restrict the development of the electric vehicle.
In a possible design, a battery-changing station for changing batteries for electric vehicles is provided. When the electric quantity of the battery of the electric vehicle is insufficient, the battery with insufficient electric quantity of the electric vehicle can be disassembled, and the battery with full electric quantity is replaced for the electric vehicle at the power replacing station.
However, in the design, after the electric vehicle arrives at the power exchange station, no battery with full electric quantity exists in the power exchange station, and the electric vehicle can exchange the battery only when the battery with full electric quantity exists in the power exchange station, so that the waiting time of the electric vehicle is too long.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides an electric vehicle battery replacement system and a charging method of a battery pack, which are used for solving the problem of overlong waiting time when the electric vehicle is used for replacing a battery.
In one aspect, the application provides an electric vehicle power conversion system, which comprises a management system, N energy storage converters PCS and M battery packs; m is the product of a and N, a is an integer greater than 1, N is an integer greater than 1, and any PCS comprises a bidirectional direct current-alternating current DC-AC charging module.
The PCS is connected into the bus through a transformer. Wherein the bus may be an ac bus.
Any one of the DC-AC charging modules is connected with a parallel battery pack of the M battery packs, a switching device is connected between any one of the a parallel battery packs and any one of the DC-AC charging modules, and the switching device is used for selecting the battery pack connected into the DC-AC charging module according to the control of the management system.
The management system is used for acquiring the battery electric quantity of the electric vehicle from a server, wherein the server is a cloud server which performs real-time interaction with the electric vehicle, and the real-time battery electric quantity of the electric vehicle is stored in the server.
The management system is further used for connecting the target battery pack to the target DC-AC charging module through the switching device and controlling the target DC-AC charging module to rapidly charge the target battery pack with the maximum power which can be born by the target battery pack under the condition that the battery electric quantity is lower than the first electric quantity value and the M battery packs are not full-charged; the target battery pack is the battery pack with the highest electric quantity in the M battery packs, or the target battery pack is the battery pack with the electric quantity of the M battery packs larger than the second electric quantity value and supporting quick charging.
Optionally, the management system is specifically configured to connect the target battery pack to the target DC-AC charging module through the switching device and disconnect the target DC-AC charging module from the other a-1 battery packs and control the target DC-AC charging module to rapidly charge the target battery at a maximum power that can be sustained by the target battery when the battery power is lower than the first power value and the M battery packs are not full of the battery packs.
Optionally, the management system is specifically further configured to control any battery pack other than the target battery pack among the M battery packs to implement fast charging of the target battery pack when the target DC-AC charging module is disconnected from the bus.
Optionally, any one of the battery packs includes a plurality of battery cells therein; the management system is further configured to configure a first power for any one of the DC-AC charging modules when the battery power is greater than a first power value and/or the M battery packs have full battery packs, so that any one of the DC-AC charging modules charges a parallel battery packs with the first power, wherein the first power is related to the power of respective battery cells in the a parallel battery packs.
Optionally, a switch is arranged between the bus and the power grid, and the management system is further used for controlling the bus to disconnect the power grid through the switch when the electric energy of the bus is lower than a threshold value, and controlling part or all of the M battery packs to charge the bus through the corresponding DC-AC charging modules so as to supply power for loads connected to the bus.
Optionally, the management system includes: the system comprises a PCS control unit, a BMS unit, a whole station control unit, a power conversion control unit, a video monitoring unit, a fire protection system control unit and an on-site monitoring unit;
the PCS control unit is used for controlling the PCS so as to realize charging and discharging of the battery pack; the BMS unit is used for managing the state of the battery pack; the whole station control unit is used for managing the whole power exchange station; the video monitoring unit is used for video monitoring in the power exchange station; the fire control system control unit is used for controlling fire control equipment in the power exchange station; the local monitoring unit is used for realizing the local condition of the monitoring equipment.
On the other hand, the embodiment of the application also provides a charging method of a battery pack, which is applied to the electric vehicle power conversion system, and the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps that battery electric quantity of the electric vehicle is obtained from a server, the server is a cloud server which interacts with the electric vehicle in real time, and the real-time battery electric quantity of the electric vehicle is stored in the server.
Under the condition that the battery electric quantity is lower than a first electric quantity value and the M battery packs are not full of battery packs, connecting the target battery packs with a target DC-AC charging module through a switching device, and controlling the target DC-AC charging module to rapidly charge the target battery packs with the maximum power which can be born by the target battery packs; the target battery pack is the battery pack with the highest electric quantity in the M battery packs, or the target battery pack is the battery pack with the electric quantity of the M battery packs larger than the second electric quantity value and supporting quick charging.
Optionally, connecting the target battery pack to the target DC-AC charging module through the switching device, and controlling the target DC-AC charging module to rapidly charge the target battery pack at a maximum power that can be sustained by the target battery pack, including: and connecting the target battery pack with the target DC-AC charging module through the switching device, disconnecting the target DC-AC charging module from the other a-1 battery packs, and controlling the target DC-AC charging module to rapidly charge the target battery at the maximum power which can be born by the target battery.
Optionally, the method further comprises: when the target DC-AC charging module is disconnected with the bus, any battery pack except for the target battery pack in the M battery packs is controlled to realize quick charging of the target battery pack.
Optionally, any one of the battery packs includes a plurality of battery cells therein; the method further comprises the steps of: and in the case that the battery capacity is larger than a first capacity value and/or the M battery packs are full battery packs, configuring first power for any one DC-AC charging module, so that any one DC-AC charging module charges a plurality of parallel battery packs through the first power, wherein the first power is related to the electric capacity of each battery unit in the a plurality of parallel battery packs.
The embodiment of the application provides a charging method of electric motor car battery replacement system and battery package, can be when judging that the electric quantity of electric motor car is not enough, be full of at least one battery package in advance for the nearby storehouse that charges of electric motor car, like this, when the electric motor car arrives the storehouse that charges, need not wait for the process that the battery package charges, shortened the process that the electric motor car traded the battery.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the application and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the application.
FIG. 1 is a mining area power exchange station scenario diagram according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an electric vehicle power conversion system according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a specific electric vehicle power exchanging system according to an embodiment of the present application.
Specific embodiments thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and will herein be described in more detail. These drawings and the written description are not intended to limit the scope of the inventive concepts in any way, but to illustrate the concepts of the present application to those skilled in the art by reference to specific embodiments.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, the same numbers in different drawings refer to the same or similar elements, unless otherwise indicated. The implementations described in the following exemplary examples are not representative of all implementations consistent with the present application. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with some aspects of the present application as detailed in the accompanying claims.
The terms referred to in this application are explained first:
electric vehicle: vehicles powered using electricity, for example, electric vehicles may include electric automobiles, electric motorcycles, electric trucks, and the like.
Energy storage converter (power control system, PCS): the charging and discharging processes of the storage battery are controlled to perform alternating current-direct current conversion, and the power supply can be directly used for supplying power to an alternating current load under the condition of no power grid.
State of charge (SOC): refers to the state of charge of the battery, i.e., the ratio of the remaining charge capacity in the battery to the capacity of its fully charged state, commonly expressed as a percentage. Soc=1 is indicated as the battery full state.
State of health (SOH): the capacity, the health degree and the performance state of the storage battery, namely the percentage of the full charge capacity of the storage battery to the rated capacity, the newly manufactured battery is 100%, and the total scrapping rate is 0%.
Battery management system (battery management system, BMS): the system for managing the battery generally has the function of measuring the voltage of the battery and prevents or avoids abnormal conditions such as overdischarge, overcharge, over-temperature and the like of the battery.
The electric vehicle power conversion can be applied to various scenes, such as an electric vehicle power conversion system arranged in a highway or a common highway, or a point-multiple vehicle power conversion system arranged in a cell, and the like.
The embodiment of the application uses an electric vehicle power conversion system (or called a power conversion station) in a mining area as an illustration of an application scene of electric vehicle power conversion. As shown in fig. 1, there is provided a mining area power exchange station 100, the power exchange station 100 comprising the following areas: a management system 101, a power exchange area 102, a vehicle passing area 103, a variable pressure cabin 104 and a station power utilization area 105.
The management system 101 enables management of one or more of the following: whole station control, charging control, power conversion control, fire protection system control, video monitoring and/or on-site monitoring.
The whole station control is used for controlling the operation of the whole power exchange station. The whole station control performs communication and information interaction with one or more units of charging control, power conversion control, fire control system control, video monitoring and on-site monitoring, and performs energy scheduling and energy consumption optimization according to summarized information, so that the whole station is safe and reliable to operate. The charging control is used for controlling the charging and discharging process of the battery according to the current residual capacity condition of the battery. The battery replacement control is used for controlling battery peripheral equipment such as a battery replacement robot, a battery replacement connector and the like. The fire control system is used for controlling the fire control system to suppress and extinguish fire when the emergency of the power exchange station occurs, so that the power exchange station can safely operate. The video monitoring is used for comprehensive video monitoring of all systems in the power exchange station. The in-situ monitoring is used for carrying out charging monitoring, power conversion monitoring, vehicle monitoring, power distribution monitoring and environment monitoring on line in real time.
The power change area 102 is used to provide a replacement platform for the vehicle battery. The power exchanging area comprises a power exchanging platform, a charging bin and a power exchanging mechanism. The level changing platform is used for providing a parking and power changing operation area for the power changing vehicle; the charging bin is used for charging the battery; the battery replacing mechanism comprises a battery replacing robot, a battery replacing connector and the like and is used for taking out the battery from the charging bin or putting the battery into the charging bin.
The vehicle passing area 103 is an area through which a vehicle can pass.
The transformer cabin 104 is provided with a power distribution room and a power distribution cabinet for converting high-voltage power of the power grid into voltage required by each device in the power conversion station. Each device voltage includes one or more of the following: the voltage required by the power conversion system, the working voltage of the related controller, the power consumption voltage of the daily station and the like.
The station electricity utilization area 105 is an area of daily electric appliances such as an air conditioner, a lamp, and/or a power supply installed in the power exchange station.
When the electric vehicle reaches the power exchange station, the electric vehicle enters a power exchange area and stops at a power exchange platform. The battery with insufficient electric quantity of the electric vehicle is detached by the battery replacement control system, the battery with full electric quantity is taken out of the charging bin and is arranged on the electric vehicle, and the battery with insufficient electric quantity is placed into the charging bin. The battery with insufficient electric quantity is charged by the power conversion system. And the power exchange process is finished, and the electric vehicle is driven out of the power exchange station to continue to move forward. However, when the battery with full electric quantity is not available in the battery exchange station, the electric vehicle needs to wait for the battery with full electric quantity to appear in the battery exchange station after reaching the battery exchange station, so that the battery exchange can be realized, and the waiting time of the electric vehicle is too long.
Based on this, the embodiment of the application provides an electric vehicle battery replacing system and a charging method of a battery pack, which can be used for filling at least one battery pack in a charging bin near an electric vehicle in advance when judging that the electric quantity of the electric vehicle is insufficient, so that when the electric vehicle reaches the charging bin, the process of waiting for charging the battery pack is not needed, and the process of replacing the battery of the electric vehicle is shortened.
The technical scheme of the present application is described in detail below with specific examples. The following embodiments may be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be described in detail in some embodiments. Embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 2, an electric vehicle power conversion system of the present embodiment.
The electric vehicle power conversion system of the embodiment of the application comprises a management system 210, N energy storage converters PCS220, any PCS comprising a bidirectional direct current-alternating current DC-AC charging module 230 and M battery packs 241; m is the product of a and N, a is an integer greater than 1, and N is an integer greater than 1.
One end of the PCS is connected to the alternating current bus through a transformer 260, and the other end is connected with the battery pack. The PCS is used for bi-directional conversion of electrical energy, and in particular, the DC-AC charging module of the PCS may rectify the AC power of the bus to DC power. The PCS can also invert the direct current of the battery pack into alternating current through the DC-AC charging module and deliver the alternating current to the bus. The number of PCS is N, N being an integer greater than 1.
The DC-AC charging module of the PCS is electrically connected with a battery packs connected in parallel. A switching device 242 is provided between either battery pack and the DC-AC charging module to which it is connected. The DC-AC charging module is used for selecting an accessed battery pack according to the power distributed by the PCS and the control of the management system, and charging the battery pack. The number of DC-AC charging modules is N, N being an integer greater than 1.
The battery pack may be obtained by connecting a plurality of battery cells in series, or may be a single battery cell, which is not limited in this embodiment.
The management system is configured to obtain a battery power of the electric vehicle from a server 250, where the server is a cloud server that performs real-time interaction with the electric vehicle, and the server stores the real-time battery power of the electric vehicle.
The cloud server may refer to a server that provides services for a vehicle, and when an electric vehicle travels to an area served by the cloud server, the cloud server may obtain battery power of the electric vehicle.
In this embodiment of the present application, a cloud server-based method for acquiring a real-time battery power of an electric vehicle may include the following modes:
mode one: the management system periodically sends a request instruction to the cloud server to request to acquire the real-time battery power of the electric vehicle. Based on the request instruction sent by the management system, the cloud server sends the real-time battery power of the electric vehicle to the management system.
Mode two: the cloud server periodically and actively transmits the real-time battery power of the electric vehicle to the management system.
The management system is further used for connecting the target battery pack to the target DC-AC charging module through the switching device under the condition that the battery power is lower than the first power value and the M battery packs are not full battery packs, and controlling the PCS to rapidly charge the target battery pack through the target DC-AC charging module at the maximum power which can be born by the target battery pack; the target battery pack is the battery pack with the highest electric quantity in the M battery packs, or the target battery pack is the battery pack with the electric quantity of the M battery packs larger than the second electric quantity value and supporting quick charging.
The management system can be divided into a local management system and a remote management system, wherein the local management system is responsible for local battery report of the power exchange station and control and monitoring protection of PCS, and the remote management system is responsible for coordinating the work of the vehicle and the power exchange station.
In this embodiment of the present application, if the battery power is lower than the first power value, it indicates that the electric vehicle needs to be charged or replaced, and the M battery packs do not have full battery packs, which indicates that the electric vehicle power replacing system cannot provide the full battery for the electric vehicle in time, and if the full battery is not obtained in time, the electric vehicle may need to wait. The first electric quantity value may be a preset value, for example, any value of 0-20%, and the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the first electric quantity value.
Therefore, when the battery power of the electric vehicle is lower than the first power value and the M battery packs are not full battery packs, the management system can connect the target battery packs with the target DC-AC charging module through the switch device and control the target DC-AC charging module to rapidly charge the target battery packs with the maximum power which can be born by the target battery packs, so that the power exchange station can prepare full battery packs for the electric vehicle as soon as possible, and the time period for the electric vehicle to wait for charging the battery packs is reduced.
The target battery pack can be the battery pack with the largest electric quantity in the M battery packs, so that the battery pack with the largest electric quantity can be quickly charged into the full-charge battery pack, the time period for the electric vehicle to wait for charging the battery pack is reduced, and the full-charge battery pack is more likely to be directly obtained when the vehicle reaches the power exchange station.
Alternatively, the target battery pack may be a battery pack in which the M battery packs have a charge amount greater than the second charge amount and support rapid charging. Wherein fast charging may refer to supporting fast charging referred to in the fast charging protocol. Therefore, the battery pack which supports quick charging and has sufficient electric quantity can be quickly charged into the full-charge battery pack, the time for the electric vehicle to wait for the battery pack to charge is reduced, and the full-charge battery pack is more likely to be directly obtained when the vehicle reaches the power exchange station.
In fig. 2, the management system may implement wired or wireless communication with PCS, switching devices, servers, etc., which are not shown in the drawings, and the communication manner between devices requiring communication in the embodiment of the present application is not particularly limited.
Optionally, on the basis of fig. 2, the management system of the embodiment of the present application is specifically configured to find, when the battery power is lower than the first power value and the M battery packs are not full of battery packs, a battery pack with the highest power among the M battery packs, or a battery pack with the power greater than the second power value among the M battery packs, connect the battery pack with a corresponding DC-AC charging module through a switching device, and disconnect other external a-1 battery packs from the corresponding DC-AC charging module.
For example, the management system may control the output power of the PCS corresponding to the battery pack, and rapidly charge the battery at the maximum power that the target battery pack can withstand through the DC-AC charging module. In the embodiment of the application, the other external a-1 battery packs are disconnected from the corresponding DC-AC charging modules, so that the DC-AC charging modules can only charge the target battery packs, the charging efficiency of the target battery packs is further improved, the target battery packs can be further and rapidly charged into full-charge battery packs, and the charging time of the target battery packs is shortened.
Optionally, on the basis of fig. 2, the management system of the embodiment of the present application is specifically further configured to find a battery pack with the highest electric quantity among the M battery packs, or a battery pack with the electric quantity greater than the second electric quantity value among the M battery packs, where, however, the target DC-AC charging module corresponding to the battery pack is disconnected from the bus, and the charging cannot be performed. And controlling any battery pack except the target battery pack in the M battery packs to realize quick charging of the target battery pack. According to the method, the battery pack close to full power in the power exchange station or the battery pack with more residual electric quantity can be rapidly charged in the power grid section mode, and the battery charging time is saved.
Optionally, on the basis of fig. 2, a plurality of battery cells are included in any one of the battery packs. The management system of the embodiment of the application is further used for configuring the first power for any one of the DC-AC charging modules when the electric quantity in the M battery packs is larger than the first electric quantity value and/or when the full-electric battery packs exist, so that any one of the DC-AC charging modules charges a parallel battery packs through the first power, wherein the first power is related to the electric quantity of each battery unit in the a parallel battery packs.
The management system may collect the maximum chargeable current of each battery pack in real time through EtherCAT, and the management system controls the PCS to configure a first power for the DC-AC charging modules respectively, so that each DC-AC charging module charges the parallel battery packs through the appropriate power, where the first power is related to the electric quantity of each battery unit in the parallel battery packs. Therefore, when the electric vehicle does not need to be charged urgently or the battery replacement station has a full-charge battery, the battery pack is charged with proper power, the influence of quick charge on the service life of the battery pack is reduced, and the performance of the battery pack is improved.
Alternatively, the manner of calculating the first power may be:
firstly, the system obtains the optimal running power of the battery pack in a checking mode according to the battery voltage and battery data manual, and the optimal running power is recorded as the sopcL.
Calculating the total power of the current battery pack in real time:
wherein the power per cluster of cells (or referred to as cells) is bmspower [ n ].
And (3) obtaining the proportion of each battery cluster:
bmspowerscale[n]＝bmspower[n]/power
and obtaining the maximum charge and discharge power supported by each cluster of batteries:
power_bms[n]＝sopcL/bmspowerscale[n]
obtaining a first power which actually meets the requirement:
SOPC＝MIN(power_bms[1]，power_bms[2]，...，power)bms[n])
the system operates according to SOPC, and can make each cluster not exceed the highest charge-discharge capacity of the battery until the battery capacity is consistent and the obtained electric quantity is consistent.
Wherein, the power units can be kw.
Optionally, on the basis of fig. 2, the management system is further configured to control, when the power of the bus is lower than a threshold value, some or all of the M battery packs to charge the bus through the corresponding DC-AC charging modules. Therefore, when the electric energy of the power grid is lower than the threshold value, the battery pack of the power exchange station charges the bus through the DC-AC module, and the electric energy is fed back to the power grid, so that the peak regulation and frequency modulation of the power grid are realized, the pressure of the power grid is relieved, and the stability of the power grid is maintained.
The DC-AC charging module can also be called a bidirectional DC-AC charging module, and the bidirectional DC-AC charging module is connected with the energy storage converter. The bidirectional DC-AC power module receives the energy storage battery charging instruction, receives the power of the power exchange station from the energy storage converter, and charges the battery through the power of the power exchange station; and after receiving the discharge instruction of the energy storage battery, the bidirectional DC-AC electric module discharges the energy storage battery to the power grid through the energy storage converter.
Optionally, on the basis of fig. 2, the management system may also flexibly control PCS charging according to the battery pack temperature, the battery pack SOC, the battery temperature of the electric vehicle, the battery SOC of the electric vehicle, and the like.
Optionally, on the basis of fig. 2, the management system includes: PCS control unit, BMS unit, whole station control unit, change electric control unit, video monitoring unit, fire extinguishing system control unit and monitoring on spot unit. The details will be described in the following examples, which are not repeated here.
For a clearer illustration of the electric vehicle power conversion system according to the embodiments of the present application, fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a specific power conversion station.
As shown in fig. 3, the power exchange station may include a power distribution room in which a plurality of transformers may be disposed, which may change the voltage of the bus bars to different voltage values for charging the power packs or for powering the devices in the power exchange station.
For example, the bus may be a 35KV bus, the transformer used for charging the battery pack may be a 3MVA step-up transformer, the transformer used for supplying power to the equipment in the power exchange station may be a 500KVA station transformer, and in a possible implementation, the 500KVA station transformer may further obtain 380V voltage through the low voltage power distribution cabinet to supply power to the equipment in the power exchange station.
The device in the power exchange station may be referred to as a load, and includes, for example: a power conversion mechanism (also referred to as a power conversion system), an air conditioner, a lamp, a power supply, a ground charging station, an uninterruptible power supply (Uninterruptible Power Supply, UPS), and the like.
The UPS may power a management system, including, for example: PCS control unit, BMS unit, whole station control unit, change electric control unit, video monitoring unit, fire extinguishing system control unit and monitoring on spot unit.
The PCS control unit is used for controlling the PCS to realize efficient and rapid charge and discharge of the battery pack. The BMS unit may be used to manage the state of the battery pack, for example, monitor the SOC or SOH of the battery pack, etc. The whole station control unit can be used for the management of the whole power exchange station. The video monitoring unit may be used for video monitoring in a power exchange station. The fire protection system control unit may be used for fire protection equipment control in a power exchange station. The in-situ monitoring unit may be used to enable monitoring locally at the monitoring device.
It will be appreciated that there may be multiple power exchange sites in the power exchange station, so multiple branches may be led from the 3MVA step-up transformer to multiple power exchange sites, any of which may include an electric vehicle power exchange system, which may include a PCS, a battery system, etc. The battery system may include a plurality of battery packs, a BMS corresponding to each battery pack, a switching device corresponding to each battery pack, a switching power supply, etc., and the switching power supply may be used to supply power to the switching device, etc., and the plurality of battery packs are connected in parallel. The battery packs are connected in parallel, so that automatic balance of electric quantity among the battery packs can be realized, the quantity of charged battery packs put into the parallel side can be flexibly selected, the system is convenient to access, and the charging time can be shortened by reducing the quantity of the charged battery packs.
The station can be understood from three levels, from large to small, for example, the first level: the power exchange station comprises an electric vehicle power exchange system for realizing power exchange and electric equipment in the power exchange station. A second layer: the electric vehicle power conversion system comprises PCS, battery pack, related connecting pieces and the like. Wherein, when assisting the electric motor car of second floor to trade the electric system and realizing the electric motor car and trade the electricity automatically, can also include the third floor: the power exchange mechanism comprises a power exchange robot, a power exchange connector and the like, and can automatically exchange battery packs for the electric vehicle, so that the labor is saved.
In a possible implementation, the electric vehicle power conversion system includes a power distribution room, a power distribution cabinet, a plurality of energy storage converters, an energy storage unit, a switching power supply, a management system, and a load.
The distribution room is electrically connected with a plurality of PCS and the switch board respectively. The distribution room provides 380V voltage power input for the PCS and the distribution cabinet. The power distribution cabinet provides electric energy input of proper voltage for the load. The load includes an air conditioner, a lamp, and the like.
The PCS is used for bidirectional conversion of electric energy and controlling the charging and discharging processes of the battery. Specifically, the PCS rectifies the ac power from the grid to dc power for charging the battery pack. The PCS inverts the direct current of the battery pack into alternating current, and the alternating current is transmitted to a power grid to discharge the battery. And PCS supports charging power setting, charging and discharging mode setting and the like, so that the control mode is more flexible.
The energy storage unit may include a DC-AC charging module and a battery pack. A DC-AC charging module is coupled to a battery pack. There are multiple battery packs under each battery pack, the multiple battery packs being in parallel relationship. And a switching device is connected between any one of the parallel battery packs and the corresponding DC-AC charging module, and the switching device is used for selecting the battery pack connected to the DC-AC charging module according to the control of the management system.
The switching power supply is electrically connected with the BMS, and the switching power supply can be used to provide 24V operating voltage for the BMS unit. The BMS unit is used for monitoring the residual electric quantity SOC and the health state SOH of the battery pack and feeding back the battery condition to the management system. Further, the management system may determine whether there is a battery pack that needs to be maintained in a battery state according to the SOH of the battery pack, and if there is a battery that needs to be maintained in a battery state, discharge the battery pack that needs to be maintained in a battery state.
The power conversion system is used for realizing the charging process of the battery pack. Specifically, the PCS converts externally input alternating current into required direct current, and charges the battery pack through the DC-AC charging module.
The management system is powered by an Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS), and the UPS is electrically connected with the power distribution cabinet. The UPS obtains electric energy from the power distribution cabinet and converts the electric energy into 220V voltage to be output to the management system.
The management system obtains the residual battery capacity of the battery of the running electric vehicle from the cloud server, and the residual battery capacity of the battery is obtained by monitoring the vehicle-mounted BMS unit and is uploaded to the cloud server. The management system judges whether the electric vehicle needs to be replaced suddenly, and if the electric vehicle is detected to be insufficient in battery capacity, the management system informs the electric vehicle to start to an adjacent battery replacement station to replace the battery.
The power exchanging system also comprises a power exchanging mechanism. The power exchanging mechanism can comprise a power exchanging robot and a power exchanging connector. The battery replacing mechanism is used for taking out or putting the battery into the charging bin. Specifically, after the electric vehicle is stopped at the power exchange platform, the power exchange robot dismantles the battery with insufficient electric quantity of the electric vehicle, takes out the battery with full electric quantity from the charging bin and installs the battery on the electric vehicle, and places the battery with insufficient electric quantity under the battery exchange into the charging bin.
There are three possible implementations of the management system controlling the manner in which the PCS unit charges the battery pack.
In a first possible implementation, the management system detects that all battery electric quantities in the current charging bin are lower than 90% through the BMS unit, and finds out the battery pack with the highest electric quantity in all battery packs or the battery pack with the electric quantity greater than 60% in all battery packs according to the electric quantity condition of all battery packs collected by the BMS unit under the condition that all battery packs are not fully charged, connects the battery pack with the corresponding DC-AC charging module through the switching device, and disconnects the rest battery packs with the corresponding DC-AC charging module. And according to the maximum input power of the battery pack acquired by the BMS unit, the management system controls the PCS to rapidly charge the battery pack through the DC-AC charging module at the maximum power which can be born by the battery pack.
In a second possible implementation, the management system detects that all battery power in the current charging bin is lower than 90% through the BMS unit, and finds out the battery pack with the highest power in all battery packs or the battery pack with the power greater than 60% in all battery packs according to the power condition of all battery packs collected by the BMS unit under the condition that the battery packs are not fully charged. If the battery pack is disconnected from the bus bar and cannot be charged, the battery pack is connected with the corresponding DC-AC charging module through the switching device, and any battery pack except the battery pack is controlled to be rapidly charged.
In a third possible implementation, the management system detects that more than 90% of all battery packs exist in all battery capacities in the current charging bin through the BMS unit, or configures appropriate power for each DC-AC charging module respectively under the condition that full battery packs exist, so that each DC-AC charging module charges the parallel battery packs through appropriate power, and the appropriate power is related to the electric capacity of each battery unit in the parallel battery packs. Any one of the battery packs includes a plurality of battery cells.
In order to fully utilize the resources, the management system controls the electric energy transmission direction in the power conversion system according to the battery health state and the electric energy of the power grid.
For example, when the management system detects that more full-power battery packs exist through the BMS unit, the number of battery packs needing to be charged is smaller, and the power of the bus is lower than the threshold value, the management system controls the PCS power transmission direction, and part or all of the battery packs charge the bus through the DC-AC charging module.
In a possible implementation, the management system of the battery replacement station obtains the remaining battery power of the running electric vehicle from the cloud server, and the remaining battery power of the battery is obtained by monitoring the vehicle-mounted BMS unit and is uploaded to the cloud server. The management system judges whether the vehicle needs to be changed suddenly, and if the vehicle needs to be changed suddenly, the BMS unit monitors whether the battery of the battery charger is full. When the battery is not fully charged, the management system informs the PCS control unit to set the charging power and the charging mode of the PCS, so that the target battery pack is quickly charged on the premise of safety. And if the fact that the current running vehicle does not need to be changed in an emergency is detected, the target battery pack is charged with proper power.
The whole station control is used for controlling the operation of the whole power exchange station. The whole station control is communicated with and information interacted with the PCS control unit, the BMS unit, the electricity changing control unit, the video monitoring unit, the fire control system control unit and the on-site monitoring unit, and energy scheduling and energy consumption optimization are carried out according to summarized information, so that the operation of the whole station is safe and reliable.
The battery replacement control is used for controlling battery peripheral equipment such as a battery replacement robot, a battery replacement connector and the like.
When the fire control system is used for controlling the power exchange station to generate an emergency fire disaster, the fire control system is controlled to suppress and extinguish the fire disaster, so that the power exchange station can safely operate.
The video monitoring is used for realizing comprehensive video monitoring of all systems in the power exchange station.
The in-situ monitoring is used for carrying out charging monitoring, power conversion monitoring, vehicle monitoring, power distribution monitoring and environment monitoring on line in real time.
In summary, the embodiment of the application uses the energy storage PCS to replace the traditional charging pile, so that the charging and discharging functions of the battery can be realized, meanwhile, the system efficiency is improved by more than 5%, the cost of a charging module part is reduced by more than 50%, the charging power can be controlled by a more flexible receiving station control system (or called a management system), the management system can flexibly control the charging of the PCS according to the current battery core, the temperature, the SOC and the SOC of the running vehicle at present, the management system can detect that the vehicle needs to be replaced in an emergency by information transmitted by a cloud, and when the battery is not fully charged in the current bin, a battery pack with more controllable electric quantity is filled quickly with the maximum power which can be borne by the battery, and if the current running vehicle is detected to not need to be replaced in an emergency, the battery is charged with more proper power. The flexible charging mode is also beneficial to parameters such as service life, safety, endurance mileage and the like of the battery.
The communication in the power exchange station can adopt EtherCAT distributed slave station architecture, because the power exchange station occupies a large area, the total control needs to acquire a plurality of information, the wiring difficulty is high, and once the communication problem maintenance is complex in operation devices, each slave station module is arranged to a power exchange area, a vehicle passing area, a ballast changing area and the like by adopting a distributed structure, the total control is arranged to a monitoring cabin, and the slave station module can be accessed to local digital quantity signals, analog quantity signals and 485 signals nearby in a real-time Ethernet communication mode by using EtherCAT industrial, so that the length of a wire harness is greatly shortened, the communication quality is ensured, the EtherCAT expansibility is high, and the post capacity expansion and new function development of the field station are facilitated.
The EtherCAT technology is utilized to detect the battery information in the station in real time and can be linked with the direct current breaker to act the medium voltage switch cabinet, so that the medium voltage switch cabinet can act in time when a serious problem occurs, and the accident is prevented from spreading.
The rapid parallel connection technology of the batteries is adopted, the number of charged batteries put into the parallel connection side can be flexibly selected, maintenance, charging and discharging can be carried out through PCS, system access is convenient, and charging time is shortened.
Because the battery pack design needs to meet requirements of electric quantity, voltage, current and the like simultaneously, the battery pack usually adopts a plurality of groups of parallel connection modes, because the vehicle operation leads to inconsistent discharge among the plurality of groups of batteries, the completion of pre-charging after charging leads to inconsistent distribution of current among the groups of batteries, so inconsistent current among clusters can lead to uneven distribution of PCS output power to each group of batteries, the traditional charging pile leads to larger distribution of larger current of the groups of batteries when high-power charging, and leads to over-current of charging, and each group of batteries cannot be guaranteed to be charged with optimal power.
The power grid system can be accessed to carry out peak regulation and frequency modulation on the power grid when the power exchange station is idle, and better economic value is created by relieving the pressure of the power grid.
The management system can realize off-grid, because the power grid near the mine site is unstable, when an unplanned power failure caused by an external accident is encountered, the power supply in the station suddenly cuts off the power supply, if the power supply changing equipment is suddenly powered off in the process of changing the power to grab the battery, the battery is at risk of falling, the PCS supports the off-grid function, when the power supply is suddenly cut off by 6KV, the system can disconnect the 6KV upper opening switch of the medium-voltage cabinet, and meanwhile, the PCS can take power from a battery pack with more electric quantity to supply power for the power supply controlling power in the station and the power supply changing robot, so that the current power supply changing of the vehicle is ensured to be normally carried out.
In addition, the embodiment of the application also provides a charging method of a battery pack, which is applied to the electric vehicle power conversion system, and the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps that battery electric quantity of the electric vehicle is obtained from a server, the server is a cloud server which interacts with the electric vehicle in real time, and the real-time battery electric quantity of the electric vehicle is stored in the server.
Under the condition that the battery electric quantity is lower than a first electric quantity value and the M battery packs are not full of battery packs, connecting the target battery packs with a target DC-AC charging module through a switching device, and controlling the target DC-AC charging module to rapidly charge the target battery packs with the maximum power which can be born by the target battery packs; the target battery pack is the battery pack with the highest electric quantity in the M battery packs, or the target battery pack is the battery pack with the electric quantity of the M battery packs larger than the second electric quantity value and supporting quick charging.
Optionally, connecting the target battery pack to the target DC-AC charging module through the switching device, and controlling the target DC-AC charging module to rapidly charge the target battery pack at a maximum power that can be sustained by the target battery pack, including: and connecting the target battery pack with the target DC-AC charging module through the switching device, disconnecting the target DC-AC charging module from the other a-1 battery packs, and controlling the target DC-AC charging module to rapidly charge the target battery at the maximum power which can be born by the target battery.
Optionally, the method further comprises: when the target DC-AC charging module is disconnected with the bus, any battery pack except for the target battery pack in the M battery packs is controlled to realize quick charging of the target battery pack.
Optionally, any one of the battery packs includes a plurality of battery cells therein; the method further comprises the steps of: and in the case that the battery capacity is larger than a first capacity value and/or the M battery packs are full battery packs, configuring first power for any one DC-AC charging module, so that any one DC-AC charging module charges a plurality of parallel battery packs through the first power, wherein the first power is related to the electric capacity of each battery unit in the a plurality of parallel battery packs.
Other embodiments of the present application will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the presently disclosed aspects. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the application following, in general, the principles of the application and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the application pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the application being indicated by the following claims.
It is to be understood that the present application is not limited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown in the drawings, which have been described above, and that various modifications and changes may be effected without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the application is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. The electric vehicle power conversion system is characterized by comprising a management system, N energy storage converters PCS and M battery packs; the PCS comprises a PCS, wherein M is the product of a and N, a is an integer greater than 1, N is an integer greater than 1, and any PCS comprises a bidirectional direct current-alternating current (DC-AC) charging module;
the PCS is connected into the bus through a transformer;
Any one of the DC-AC charging modules is connected with a parallel battery pack of the M battery packs, a switching device is connected between any one of the a parallel battery packs and any one of the DC-AC charging modules, and the switching device is used for selecting the battery pack connected with the DC-AC charging module according to the control of the management system;
the management system is used for acquiring the battery electric quantity of the electric vehicle from a server, wherein the server is a cloud server which performs real-time interaction with the electric vehicle, and the real-time battery electric quantity of the electric vehicle is stored in the server;
the management system is further configured to connect a target battery pack to a target DC-AC charging module through the switching device and control the target DC-AC charging module to rapidly charge the target battery pack with maximum power that the target battery pack can withstand when the battery power is lower than a first power value and the M battery packs are not full-power battery packs; the target battery pack is the battery pack with the highest electric quantity in the M battery packs, or the target battery pack is the battery pack with the electric quantity of the M battery packs larger than the second electric quantity value and supporting quick charging.
2. The electric vehicle battery replacement system according to claim 1, wherein the management system is specifically configured to connect a target battery pack to a target DC-AC charging module through the switching device and disconnect the target DC-AC charging module from another a-1 battery pack and control the target DC-AC charging module to rapidly charge the target battery at a maximum power that can be sustained by the target battery in a case where the battery level is lower than a first power level and the M battery packs are not full of battery packs.
3. The electric vehicle battery replacement system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the management system is further specifically configured to control any battery pack among the M battery packs other than the target battery pack to implement rapid charging of the target battery pack when the target DC-AC charging module is disconnected from the bus.
4. The electric vehicle battery replacement system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein any one of the battery packs includes a plurality of battery cells therein;
the management system is further configured to configure a first power for any one of the DC-AC charging modules when the battery power is greater than the first power value and/or the M battery packs have full battery packs, so that any one of the DC-AC charging modules charges the a parallel battery packs with the first power, where the first power is related to the power of each battery unit in the a parallel battery packs.
5. The electric vehicle power conversion system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a switch is provided between the bus bar and the power grid;
and the management system is also used for controlling the bus to disconnect a power grid through the switch when the electric energy of the bus is lower than a threshold value, and controlling part or all of the M battery packs to charge the bus through the corresponding DC-AC charging modules so as to supply power to loads connected to the bus.
6. The electric vehicle battery replacement system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the management system comprises: the system comprises a PCS control unit, a BMS unit, a whole station control unit, a power conversion control unit, a video monitoring unit, a fire protection system control unit and an on-site monitoring unit;
the PCS control unit is used for controlling PCS so as to realize charging and discharging of the battery pack; the BMS unit is for managing a state of the battery pack; the whole station control unit is used for managing the whole power exchange station; the video monitoring unit is used for video monitoring in the power exchange station; the fire control system control unit is used for controlling fire control equipment in the power exchange station; the local monitoring unit is used for realizing the local condition of the monitoring equipment.
7. A method of charging a battery pack, applied to the electric vehicle battery replacement system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, the method comprising:
the method comprises the steps that battery electric quantity of an electric vehicle is obtained from a server, wherein the server is a cloud server which interacts with the electric vehicle in real time, and the real-time battery electric quantity of the electric vehicle is stored in the server;
under the condition that the battery electric quantity is lower than a first electric quantity value and M battery packs are not full of electric battery packs, connecting a target battery pack with a target DC-AC charging module through a switching device, and controlling the target DC-AC charging module to rapidly charge the target battery pack at the maximum power which can be born by the target battery pack; the target battery pack is the battery pack with the highest electric quantity in the M battery packs, or the target battery pack is the battery pack with the electric quantity of the M battery packs larger than the second electric quantity value and supporting quick charging.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein connecting a target battery pack to a target DC-AC charging module via a switching device, and controlling the target DC-AC charging module to rapidly charge the target battery pack at a maximum power that the target battery pack can withstand, comprises:
And connecting the target battery pack with a target DC-AC charging module through the switching device, disconnecting the target DC-AC charging module from the other a-1 battery packs, and controlling the target DC-AC charging module to rapidly charge the target battery at the maximum power which can be born by the target battery.
9. The method according to claim 7 or 8, further comprising:
and when the target DC-AC charging module is disconnected with the bus, controlling any battery pack except the target battery pack in the M battery packs to realize quick charging of the target battery pack.
10. The method of claim 7 or 8, wherein any one of the battery packs comprises a plurality of battery cells therein; the method further comprises the steps of:
and if the battery electric quantity is larger than the first electric quantity value, and/or the M battery packs are full battery packs, configuring first power for any one DC-AC charging module, so that the any one DC-AC charging module charges the a parallel battery packs through the first power, wherein the first power is related to the electric quantity of respective battery units in the a parallel battery packs.
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