CN114161901A - Automobile air conditioner heating control method based on fuel cell waste heat utilization - Google Patents
Automobile air conditioner heating control method based on fuel cell waste heat utilization Download PDFInfo
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- CN114161901A CN114161901A CN202111393685.7A CN202111393685A CN114161901A CN 114161901 A CN114161901 A CN 114161901A CN 202111393685 A CN202111393685 A CN 202111393685A CN 114161901 A CN114161901 A CN 114161901A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
- B60H1/00385—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
- B60H1/00392—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell for electric vehicles having only electric drive means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/02—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant
- B60H1/14—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant otherwise than from cooling liquid of the plant, e.g. heat from the grease oil, the brakes, the transmission unit
- B60H1/143—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant otherwise than from cooling liquid of the plant, e.g. heat from the grease oil, the brakes, the transmission unit the heat being derived from cooling an electric component, e.g. electric motors, electric circuits, fuel cells or batteries
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
- B60H1/2215—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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Abstract
The invention provides a heating control method of an automobile air conditioner based on waste heat utilization of a fuel cell, and relates to the field of automobile air conditioners; the heating control method of the automobile air conditioner comprises the following steps: s1, collecting the current environment temperature, the temperature in the vehicle and the sunlight intensity; s2, judging the current heating mode of the automobile air conditioner; s3, calculating the required heating quantity of the automobile cab according to the environment temperature, the temperature in the automobile and/or the sunlight intensity and the heating mode; the heating mode includes: a defrosting heating mode, a demisting heating mode and a heating mode; s4, calculating the maximum waste heat utilization heat W of the fuel celly(ii) a S5, utilizing heat W according to the maximum waste heatyControlling the operation of the automobile air conditioner according to the required heating quantity Q; the invention can effectively improve the utilization rate of the waste heat of the fuel cell and the overall energy efficiency of the automobile air conditioner, and avoid energy waste caused by overheating of the PTC heater of the water heating loop.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of automobile air conditioners, in particular to an automobile air conditioner heating control method based on fuel cell waste heat utilization.
Background
At present, the total power efficiency of a hydrogen energy fuel cell automobile in stable operation is generally about 50 percent; the cooling water temperature of the fuel cell is between 70 and 80 ℃, the flow rate of the large-circulation cooling water can reach 150L/min, the output power of the fuel cell system is 60kw, the heat dissipation capacity of the fuel cell system can also reach about 80kw, and if the fuel cell system is not utilized, the fuel cell system is a great waste of resources. Because the cooling water of the fuel cell system has extremely strict conductivity requirements, and a common air conditioner manufacturer does not have the process capability of producing the low-conductivity water heating core body temporarily, most vehicle types on the market adopt a secondary heat exchange mode, and the waste heat of the fuel cell is indirectly utilized as a heating heat source of a whole vehicle by adding an intermediate heat exchanger (a low-conductivity water-water plate type heat exchanger produced by a professional manufacturer) without modifying the existing air conditioner system. After secondary heat exchange is adopted, because each stage of heat exchange needs to ensure certain temperature and pressure on two sides of a heat exchange surface, the cooling water temperature entering the water heating core body is lower than that of the traditional primary heat exchange, the water heating PTC is added on an intermediate loop to carry out auxiliary heating, the primary side water temperature of the water heating core body is increased when the large cold load under the low-temperature working condition is improved, and the heating quantity requirement of the whole vehicle is ensured. Meanwhile, when the water heating PTC is not started in the large circulation of the fuel cell system, the cold load of the cab mainly heats a heat source, and because the temperature requirement of the fuel cell engine stack is higher than that of the traditional internal combustion engine, the waste heat is utilized in the large circulation flow path instead of the traditional small circulation flow path, and the bad temperature impact on the stack in the waste heat utilization process is prevented.
The system loop complexity of the residual utilization of the hydrogen energy fuel cell vehicle type fuel cell is high, related control strategies are less disclosed, the control of the water heating process of the cab of the common pure electric vehicle type at present is relatively simple, the PTC auxiliary heating participation degree is high when the heating requirement exists under the low-temperature working condition, the PTC heating is quitted only after the water temperature is heated to a certain high temperature threshold value, and certain energy waste is caused due to the fact that overheating often exists under most working conditions. And the vehicle type related control method generally does not accurately calculate the heat transfer conditions of all levels and the cold load condition of the whole vehicle, so that accurate control cannot be realized, and the PTC heating can be reduced or quit only when the water temperature reaches a certain limit threshold value or the temperature of air in the vehicle reaches the condition that the human body feels hot.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a heating control method of an automobile air conditioner based on fuel cell waste heat utilization, which can effectively improve the utilization rate of the fuel cell waste heat and the overall energy efficiency of the automobile air conditioner and avoid energy waste caused by overheating of a PTC heater of a water heating loop.
The invention provides a heating control method of an automobile air conditioner based on waste heat utilization of a fuel cell, which comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting the current environment temperature, the temperature in the vehicle and the sunlight intensity;
s2, judging the current heating mode of the automobile air conditioner;
s3, calculating the required heating quantity Q of the automobile cab according to the environment temperature, the temperature in the automobile and/or the sunlight intensity and the heating mode; the heating mode includes: a defrosting heating mode, a demisting heating mode and a heating mode;
when the heating mode is the defrosting heating mode, the calculation formula of the required heating amount Q is as follows:
Q＝Qb×(Tc-Tj)/△Tbformula (1)
When the heating mode is the demisting heating mode, the calculation formula of the required heating quantity is as follows:
Q＝Qb×(Tc-Tj)/△Tbformula (2)
When the heating mode is a heating mode, the calculation formula of the required heating amount is as follows:
Q＝Qb×(Tc-Tj-K1×I)/△Tbformula (3)
Wherein Q is the required heating capacity of the automobile cab and the unit is kw; t iscThe target air outlet temperature of the air conditioning box is expressed in unit; t isjThe unit is the air inlet temperature of an air conditioning box; when the internal and external circulation mode of the automobile air conditioner is the internal circulation mode, Tj＝Tn，TnThe unit is the temperature in the vehicle; when the internal and external circulation mode of the automobile air conditioner is the external circulation mode, Tj＝Tw，TwIs the ambient temperature in units of; i is the sunlight intensity, and the unit is w/square meter; qbFor a design condition of delta TbThe unit of the corresponding target heat exchange amount is kw; delta TbThe temperature difference is a target temperature difference of an air inlet and an air outlet of an air-conditioning box under a design working condition, and the unit is; k1Calibrating parameters for simulation; k1The multiplied by I is the temperature difference equivalent to the sunlight intensity, and the unit is;
s4, calculating the maximum waste heat utilization heat W of the fuel celly；
S5, utilizing heat W according to the maximum waste heatyAnd the required heating quantity Q controls the operation of the automobile air conditioner.
Further, in step S1, the method for determining the heating mode is as follows:
when a front defrosting key of the automobile air conditioner is activated, if the environmental temperature is less than or equal to 0 ℃, judging that the automobile air conditioner is in a defrosting heating mode, and if the environmental temperature is more than 0 ℃, judging that the automobile air conditioner is in a demisting heating mode; and when the front defrosting key of the automobile air conditioner is not activated, judging that the automobile air conditioner is in a heating mode.
Further, in step S4, the calculation formula of the maximum residual heat utilization heat of the fuel cell is as follows:
wherein, WyThe maximum waste heat utilization heat of the fuel cell is represented by kw; t issThe temperature of deionized water entering an intermediate heat exchanger in the large circulation of the fuel cell is measured in unit; k2And K3Respectively calibrating parameters for simulation; a is the upper limit temperature of water temperature of the fuel cell during the large-cycle work, and the unit is; b is the lower limit temperature of water temperature when the fuel cell is in large-cycle work, and the unit is; t isjThe unit is the temperature of the inlet air of the air conditioning box.
Further, in step S5, the specific method for controlling the operation of the vehicle air conditioner according to the maximum waste heat utilization heat Wy and the required heating capacity Q is as follows:
when W isyWhen the water flow rate is zero, controlling a PTC heater of the water heating loop to be started, and controlling a water pump of the water heating loop to operate at the maximum flow rate; at this time, the required heating amount Q is provided by the water heating circuit PTC heater;
when W isyWhen the ratio of Q to Q is 0.95-1.05, controlling the water pump of the water heating loop to operate at the maximum flow rate, and not starting the PTC heater;
when W isyWhen the ratio to Q is less than 0.95, calculating a control target power W of the water heating circuit PTC heater according to formula (5), and operating the water heating circuit PTC heater according to the control target power W; meanwhile, controlling the water pump of the water heating loop to operate at the maximum flow rate;
Q＝K4×W+K2×(Ts-Tj)+K3formula (5)
When W isyWhen the ratio of the water flow rate to the Q is more than 1.05, calculating a control target flow rate of the water pump of the water heating loop according to a formula (6), controlling the operation of the water pump of the water heating loop according to the control target flow rate, and not starting a PTC heater of the water heating loop;
Q＝(qv/qvmax+1)/2×(K2×(Ts-Tj)+K3) Formula (6)
Wherein, WyThe maximum waste heat utilization heat of the fuel cell is represented by kw; q is the required heating capacity of the automobile cab and the unit is kw; qvmaxThe unit is L/min which is the maximum flow of the water pump of the water heating loop; qv the control target flow of the water pump of the water heating loop, and the unit is L/min; w is the control target power of the PTC heater of the water heating loop, and the unit is kw; t issThe temperature of deionized water entering an intermediate heat exchanger in the large circulation of the fuel cell is measured in unit; t isjThe unit is the air inlet temperature of an air conditioning box; k2、K3And K4Respectively, simulation calibration parameters.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the automobile air conditioner heating control method based on the fuel cell waste heat utilization, the required heating capacity of the automobile cab in the corresponding heating mode and the maximum waste heat utilization capacity of the fuel cell are calculated according to the heating mode of the air conditioner, the operation of the automobile air conditioner is controlled according to the maximum waste heat utilization capacity and the required heating capacity, the utilization rate of the fuel cell waste heat and the overall energy efficiency of the automobile air conditioner can be effectively improved, and energy waste caused by overheating of a PTC heater of a water heating loop is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle air conditioner heating system based on fuel cell waste heat utilization in the prior art;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for controlling heating of an automotive air conditioner based on waste heat utilization of a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention;
wherein, 1, a fuel cell stack; 2. a thermostat; 3. a fuel cell PTC heater; 4. a proportional three-way valve; 5. a waste heat utilization loop water pump; 6. an intermediate heat exchanger; 7. a water heating loop PTC heater; 8. a warm air and water heating core body; 9. a warm air blower; 10. a water pump of the water heating loop; 11. a heat sink.
Detailed Description
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the scope of the invention.
FIG. 1 is a prior art vehicle air conditioner heating system based on fuel cell waste heat utilization; the automobile air-conditioning heating system based on the fuel cell waste heat utilization comprises a fuel cell stack 1, a thermostat 2, a fuel cell PTC heater 3, a proportional three-way valve 4, a waste heat utilization loop water pump 5, an intermediate heat exchanger 6, a water heating loop PTC heater 7, a hot air and water heating core 8, a hot air blower 9, a water heating loop water pump 10 and a radiator 11; the deionized water outlet of the fuel cell stack 1 is respectively communicated with the liquid inlet of the fuel cell PTC heater 3 and the proportional three-way valve 4 through the thermostat 2; the liquid outlet of the fuel cell PTC heater 3 is communicated with the deionized water inlet of the fuel cell stack 1; the other two joints of the proportional three-way valve 4 are respectively communicated with a liquid inlet of the waste heat utilization loop water pump 5 and a liquid inlet of the radiator 11; the liquid outlet of the radiator 11 is communicated with the deionized water inlet of the fuel cell stack; a liquid outlet of the waste heat utilization loop water pump 5 is communicated with a heat medium inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger 6; the heat medium outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger 6 is communicated with the liquid inlet of the radiator 11; a liquid outlet of the water heating loop pump 10 is communicated with a cold medium inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger 6; a cold medium outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger 6 is communicated with a liquid inlet of a water heating circuit PTC heater 7; the liquid outlet of the water heating loop PTC heater 7 is communicated with the liquid inlet of the warm air water heating core body 8; the liquid outlet of the warm air water heating core body 8 is communicated with the liquid inlet of the water heating loop water pump 10; the air outlet of the warm air blower 9 is communicated with the air inlet of the warm air water heating core body 8, so that air enters an automobile cab after being absorbed in the warm air water heating core body 8, and heating of automobile driving is achieved.
The automobile air conditioner heating system based on the waste heat utilization of the fuel cell belongs to the prior art; the description is provided for more clearly explaining the heating control method of the vehicle air conditioner based on the waste heat utilization of the fuel cell in the invention.
Referring to fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a heating control method for an automotive air conditioner based on waste heat utilization of a fuel cell, including the following steps:
s1, collecting the current environment temperature, the temperature in the vehicle and the sunlight intensity;
in this step, the ambient temperature, the in-vehicle temperature, and the sunlight intensity are collected by an ambient temperature sensor, an in-vehicle temperature sensor, and a sunlight intensity sensor, respectively.
S2, judging the current heating mode of the automobile air conditioner;
in this step, the heating requirement includes: the heating requirement, and the defrosting requirement and the defogging requirement of the windshield window; anchoring a target outlet air temperature value Tc by the defrosting and demisting cold load of the windshield; the heating cold load anchors the cold load of the cab of the whole vehicle, and the air outlet temperature and the sunlight intensity need to be comprehensively considered; the difference of the required heating capacity in each mode is large, and the control strategies are different, so that the heating mode needs to be judged.
Illustratively, in this embodiment, the method for determining the heating mode is as follows: when a front defrosting key of the automobile air conditioner is activated, if the environmental temperature is less than or equal to 0 ℃, judging that the automobile air conditioner is in a defrosting heating mode, and if the environmental temperature is more than 0 ℃, judging that the automobile air conditioner is in a demisting heating mode; and when the front defrosting key of the automobile air conditioner is not activated, judging that the automobile air conditioner is in a heating mode.
S3, calculating the required heating quantity Q of the automobile cab according to the environment temperature, the temperature in the automobile and/or the sunlight intensity and the heating mode; the heating mode includes: a defrosting heating mode, a demisting heating mode and a heating mode;
when the heating mode is the defrosting heating mode, the calculation formula of the required heating amount Q is as follows:
Q＝Qb×(Tc-Tj)/△Tbformula (1)
When the heating mode is the demisting heating mode, the calculation formula of the required heating quantity is as follows:
Q＝Qb×(Tc-Tj)/△Tbformula (2)
When the heating mode is a heating mode, the calculation formula of the required heating amount is as follows:
Q＝Qb×(Tc-Tj-K1×I)/△Tbformula (3)
Wherein Q is the required heating capacity of the automobile cab and the unit is kw; t iscThe target air outlet temperature of the air conditioning box is expressed in unit; t isjThe unit is the air inlet temperature of an air conditioning box; when the internal and external circulation mode of the automobile air conditioner is the internal circulation mode, Tj＝Tn，TnThe unit is the temperature in the vehicle; when the internal and external circulation mode of the automobile air conditioner is the external circulation mode, Tj＝Tw，TwIs the ambient temperature in units of; i is the sunlight intensity, and the unit is w/square meter; qbFor a design condition of delta TbThe unit of the corresponding target heat exchange amount is kw; delta TbThe temperature difference is a target temperature difference of an air inlet and an air outlet of an air-conditioning box under a design working condition, and the unit is;K1calibrating parameters for simulation; k1The multiplied by I is the temperature difference equivalent to the sunlight intensity, and the unit is;
illustratively, in the present embodiment, the cooling load Q for heating and defogging in the design condition of the cab of the hydrogen fuel cell vehiclelValue of (5) kw, cold load Q for defrostinghHas a value of 8.1 kw; target air-out temperature T of air-conditioning box in defrosting and heating modescHas a value of 60 ℃; target air-out temperature T of air-conditioning box in heating mode and demisting heating modecThe values of (A) are all 35 ℃; k1The value of (D) was 0.028.
S4, calculating the maximum waste heat utilization heat W of the fuel celly；
The calculation formula of the maximum waste heat utilization heat of the fuel cell is as follows:
wherein, WyThe maximum waste heat utilization heat of the fuel cell is represented by kw; t issThe temperature of deionized water entering an intermediate heat exchanger in the large circulation of the fuel cell is measured in unit; k2And K3Respectively obtaining simulation parameters to be calibrated through simulation tests; a is the upper limit temperature of water temperature of the fuel cell during the large-cycle work, and the unit is; b is the lower limit temperature of water temperature when the fuel cell is in large-cycle work, and the unit is; t isjThe unit is the air inlet temperature of an air conditioning box;
in the step, according to the maximum flow and inlet temperature of deionized water of a fuel cell flow path at two sides of the intermediate heat exchanger and the water heating core, the maximum flow of cooling liquid of the water heating loop, the air volume at the air side and the inlet and outlet temperature, the residual unknown temperature of each loop is calculated, and finally the maximum waste heat utilization heat Wy is calculated; the maximum flow of the deionized water of the fuel cell flow path is not adjustable, the maximum temperature and pressure are maintained, the flow is large, and the temperature is reduced slightly; the maximum flow of the cooling liquid of the water heating loop can be adjusted, and the rotating speed of a water pump of the loop is adjusted to reduce the flow when the waste heat of the fuel cell is excessive, so that part of energy consumption is reduced.
In the embodiment, the minimum temperature of the large-cycle opening of the deionized cooling water of the vehicle fuel cell is 70 ℃, the maximum operation temperature is 80 ℃, the capacity of the intermediate heat exchanger under the design working condition is 6.8-7.5 kw, and the power of the PTC is 5kw under the design working condition, when the PTC is fully opened, the heat exchange quantity of the intermediate heat exchanger is reduced to 2.3-4.1 kw due to the reduction of the heat exchange temperature difference, and the utilization rate of waste heat is reduced to about 45% of that of the PTC which is not opened; the capacity of the intermediate heat exchanger is larger than that of the PTC during model selection, the PTC capacity is based on meeting the defogging requirement under the design working condition, and the total heating quantity during the simultaneous working of the intermediate heat exchanger and the PTC meets the defrosting requirement under the design working condition; the maximum waste heat utilization heat Wy (kw) has a fitting formula as follows:
s5, utilizing heat W according to the maximum waste heatyAnd the required heating quantity Q controls the operation of the automobile air conditioner.
In this step, the specific method for controlling the operation of the vehicle air conditioner according to the maximum waste heat utilization heat Wy and the required heating capacity Q is as follows:
when W isyWhen the water flow rate is zero, controlling a PTC heater of the water heating loop to be started, and controlling a water pump of the water heating loop to operate at the maximum flow rate; at this time, the required heating amount Q is provided by the water heating circuit PTC heater;
when the fuel cell large circulation is not started, the maximum residual heat utilization heat of the fuel cell is zero, and the PTC heater of the water heating loop is required to independently supply heat
When W isyWhen the ratio of Q to Q is 0.95-1.05, controlling the water pump of the water heating loop to operate at the maximum flow rate, and not starting the PTC heater of the water heating loop;
when W isyWhen the ratio to Q is less than 0.95, calculating a control target power W of the water heating circuit PTC heater according to formula (5), and operating the water heating circuit PTC heater according to the control target power W; meanwhile, controlling the water pump of the water heating loop to operate at the maximum flow rate;
Q＝K4×W+K2×(Ts-Tj)+K3formula (5)
When W isyWhen the ratio of the water flow rate to the Q is more than 1.05, calculating a control target flow rate of the water pump of the water heating loop according to a formula (6), controlling the operation of the water pump of the water heating loop according to the control target flow rate, and not starting a PTC heater of the water heating loop;
Q＝(qv/qvmax+1)/2×(K2×(Ts-Tj)+K3) Formula (6)
Wherein, WyThe maximum waste heat utilization heat of the fuel cell is represented by kw; q is the required heating capacity of the automobile cab and the unit is kw; qvmaxThe unit is L/min which is the maximum flow of the water pump of the water heating loop; qv the control target flow of the water pump of the water heating loop, and the unit is L/min; w is the control target power of the PTC heater of the water heating loop, and the unit is kw; t issThe temperature of deionized water entering an intermediate heat exchanger in the large circulation of the fuel cell is measured in unit; t isjThe unit is the air inlet temperature of an air conditioning box; k2、K3And K4And respectively obtaining simulation parameters to be calibrated through simulation tests.
Illustratively, in the embodiment, the maximum flow rate of the water heating circuit pump is 10L/min.
When the large circulation is not started, Wy is zero, the heating requirement is met by the water heating loop PTC heater, the required heating quantity is the control target power of the water heating loop PTC heater, if the required heating quantity is larger than the maximum power of the water heating loop PTC heater, the water heating loop PTC heater operates according to the maximum power, and the water heating loop water pump always operates at the maximum flow rate of 10L/min;
when the ratio of Wy to Q is between 0.95 and 1.05, the water heating circuit operates in a maximum waste heat utilization heat mode, the water heating circuit water pump operates at the maximum flow rate of 10L/min, and the PTC heater of the water heating circuit is not started;
when Wy is less than 0.95Q, the order:
Q＝0.1109×W+0.0761×(Ts-Tj)+0.0342
calculating to obtain control target power W of the water heating circuit PTC heater, operating the water heating circuit PTC heater according to the control target power, and operating a water pump of the water heating circuit at the maximum flow rate of 10L/min;
(4) when Wy > 1.05Q, do not open hot-water heating return circuit PTC heater, need to reduce the rotational speed to hot-water heating return circuit water pump simultaneously, in order to reduce system energy consumption under the prerequisite of guaranteeing the heating demand:
Q＝(0.05×qv+0.5)×(0.0761×(Ts-Tj)+0.0342)
and calculating to obtain a water pump control target flow qv, and operating the water pump according to the control target flow.
In the embodiment, the heating control method of the automobile air conditioner based on the fuel cell waste heat utilization calculates the required heating capacity of the automobile cab and the maximum waste heat utilization capacity of the fuel cell in the corresponding heating mode according to the heating mode of the air conditioner, and controls the operation of the automobile air conditioner according to the maximum waste heat utilization capacity and the required heating capacity, so that the waste heat utilization rate of the fuel cell and the overall energy efficiency of the automobile air conditioner can be effectively improved, and the energy waste caused by the overheating of the PTC heater of the water heating loop is avoided.
The above is not relevant and is applicable to the prior art.
In this document, the terms front, back, upper and lower are used to define the components in the drawings and the positions of the components relative to each other, and are used for clarity and convenience of the technical solution. It is to be understood that the use of the directional terms should not be taken to limit the scope of the claims.
The features of the embodiments and embodiments described herein above may be combined with each other without conflict.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (4)
1. A heating control method of an automobile air conditioner based on waste heat utilization of a fuel cell is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, collecting the current environment temperature, the temperature in the vehicle and the sunlight intensity;
s2, judging the current heating mode of the automobile air conditioner;
s3, calculating the required heating quantity Q of the automobile cab according to the environment temperature, the temperature in the automobile and/or the sunlight intensity and the heating mode; the heating mode includes: a defrosting heating mode, a demisting heating mode and a heating mode;
when the heating mode is the defrosting heating mode, the calculation formula of the required heating amount Q is as follows:
Q＝Qb×(Tc-Tj)/△Tbformula (1)
When the heating mode is the demisting heating mode, the calculation formula of the required heating quantity is as follows:
Q＝Qb×(Tc-Tj)/△Tbformula (2)
When the heating mode is a heating mode, the calculation formula of the required heating amount is as follows:
Q＝Qb×(Tc-Tj-K1×I)/△Tbformula (3)
Wherein Q is the required heating capacity of the automobile cab and the unit is kw; t iscThe target air outlet temperature of the air conditioning box is expressed in unit; t isjThe unit is the air inlet temperature of an air conditioning box; when the internal and external circulation mode of the automobile air conditioner is the internal circulation mode, Tj＝Tn，TnThe unit is the temperature in the vehicle; when the internal and external circulation mode of the automobile air conditioner is the external circulation mode, Tj＝Tw，TwIs the ambient temperature in units of; i is the sunlight intensity, and the unit is w/square meter; qbFor a design condition of delta TbThe unit of the corresponding target heat exchange amount is kw; delta TbThe temperature difference is a target temperature difference of an air inlet and an air outlet of an air-conditioning box under a design working condition, and the unit is; k1Calibrating parameters for simulation; k1The x I is the temperature difference equivalent to the sunlight intensity and has the unit of DEG C；
S4, calculating the maximum waste heat utilization heat W of the fuel celly；
S5, utilizing heat W according to the maximum waste heatyAnd the required heating quantity Q controls the operation of the automobile air conditioner.
2. The method for controlling heating of an air conditioner for a vehicle using waste heat of a fuel cell as set forth in claim 1, wherein the method for determining the heating mode in step S1 is as follows:
when a front defrosting key of the automobile air conditioner is activated, if the environmental temperature is less than or equal to 0 ℃, judging that the automobile air conditioner is in a defrosting heating mode, and if the environmental temperature is more than 0 ℃, judging that the automobile air conditioner is in a demisting heating mode; and when the front defrosting key of the automobile air conditioner is not activated, judging that the automobile air conditioner is in a heating mode.
3. The heating control method for the air conditioner of the vehicle based on the residual heat of the fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S4, the calculation formula of the maximum residual heat utilization heat of the fuel cell is as follows:
wherein, WyThe maximum waste heat utilization heat of the fuel cell is represented by kw; t issThe temperature of deionized water entering an intermediate heat exchanger in the large circulation of the fuel cell is measured in unit; k2And K3Respectively calibrating parameters for simulation; a is the upper limit temperature of water temperature of the fuel cell during the large-cycle work, and the unit is; b is the lower limit temperature of water temperature when the fuel cell is in large-cycle work, and the unit is; t isjThe unit is the temperature of the inlet air of the air conditioning box.
4. The method for controlling heating of an air conditioner for a vehicle based on waste heat utilization of a fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S5, the specific method for controlling the operation of the air conditioner for a vehicle according to the maximum waste heat utilization heat Wy and the required heating capacity Q is as follows:
when W isyWhen the water flow rate is zero, controlling a PTC heater of the water heating loop to be started, and controlling a water pump of the water heating loop to operate at the maximum flow rate; at this time, the required heating amount Q is provided by the water heating circuit PTC heater;
when W isyWhen the ratio of Q to Q is 0.95-1.05, controlling the water pump of the water heating loop to operate at the maximum flow rate, and not starting the PTC heater of the water heating loop;
when W isyWhen the ratio to Q is less than 0.95, calculating a control target power W of the water heating circuit PTC heater according to formula (5), and operating the water heating circuit PTC heater according to the control target power W; meanwhile, controlling the water pump of the water heating loop to operate at the maximum flow rate;
Q＝K4×W+K2×(Ts-Tj)+K3formula (5)
When W isyWhen the ratio of the water flow rate to the Q is more than 1.05, calculating the control target flow rate of the water pump of the water heating loop according to a formula (6), controlling the operation of the water pump of the water heating loop according to the control target flow rate, and not starting the PTC heater;
Q＝(qv/qvmax+1)/2×(K2×(Ts-Tj)+K3) Formula (6)
Wherein, WyThe maximum waste heat utilization heat of the fuel cell is represented by kw; q is the required heating capacity of the automobile cab and the unit is kw; qvmaxThe unit is L/min which is the maximum flow of the water pump of the water heating loop; qv the control target flow of the water pump of the water heating loop, and the unit is L/min; w is the control target power of the PTC heater of the water heating loop, and the unit is kw; t issThe temperature of deionized water entering an intermediate heat exchanger in the large circulation of the fuel cell is measured in unit; t isjThe unit is the air inlet temperature of an air conditioning box; k2、K3And K4Respectively, simulation calibration parameters.
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