CN113725458A - Thermal management control method and system and fuel cell vehicle - Google Patents

Thermal management control method and system and fuel cell vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113725458A
CN113725458A CN202010448412.7A CN202010448412A CN113725458A CN 113725458 A CN113725458 A CN 113725458A CN 202010448412 A CN202010448412 A CN 202010448412A CN 113725458 A CN113725458 A CN 113725458A
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China
Prior art keywords
circulation loop
warm air
loop
air circulation
way valve
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Chinese (zh)
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包书慧
刘然
杨绍军
张禾
贾能铀
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Beijing Sinohytec Co Ltd
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Beijing Sinohytec Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202010448412.7A priority Critical patent/CN113725458A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
    • H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
    • B60L58/32—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load
    • B60L58/33—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load by cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
    • B60L58/32—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load
    • B60L58/34—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load by heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
    • H01M8/04358—Temperature; Ambient temperature of the coolant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04768—Pressure; Flow of the coolant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of fuel cell vehicles, in particular to a thermal management control method, a thermal management control system and a fuel cell vehicle.A heat exchange loop is used for adjusting the heat exchange between a cooling circulation loop and a warm air circulation loop, and the heat exchange loop and the cooling circulation loop exchange heat through a heat exchanger; the heat exchange loop is controlled to be communicated with the warm air circulation loop through a three-way valve; and controlling the opening of the three-way valve according to the temperature parameter relationship of the cooling circulation loop and the warm air circulation loop, and adjusting the liquid flow in the pipelines of the heat exchange loop and the warm air circulation loop. According to the embodiment of the invention, the heat emitted by the fuel cell during working is transferred to the warm air circulation loop, and the opening of the three-way valve in the warm air circulation loop is adjusted according to the temperature parameters of different loops, so that not only can the temperature in the whole vehicle cabin and the temperature of the fuel cell be accurately controlled under the condition of high-power operation of the fuel cell, but also the high-efficiency utilization of the waste heat can be ensured under the condition of low-power operation of the fuel cell and small amount of available waste heat.

Description

Thermal management control method and system and fuel cell vehicle
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fuel cell vehicles, in particular to a thermal management control method and system and a fuel cell vehicle.
Background
In the field of new energy vehicles, a fuel cell system has the advantages of no pollution, short hydrogenation time, long driving distance, strong environmental adaptability and the like, and has a wide application scene. However, as the power demand of the vehicle is getting larger and larger, the high-power fuel cell engine is gradually applied to a new energy vehicle; while the fuel cell engine system has high power output, the fuel cell vehicle has great challenges in terms of thermal management and mileage. The fuel cell vehicle does not have a heat source of a traditional engine, a PTC heater is needed to be used only, a large amount of electric energy is consumed for heating in winter, and for example, the PTC power consumption of a certain 12-meter public transport vehicle for heating in a cabin can reach 15-20 kWh within 1 h; meanwhile, about 50% of heat of the fuel cell is dissipated through the heat dissipation fan, for example, the heat under the rated working condition of a 60kW engine is dissipated, and the power of the heat dissipation fan can reach 2kW at the ambient temperature of 43 ℃.
In the design of a heat management system of the existing hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, a heat dissipation system of a fuel cell engine and a warm air system of a finished vehicle are two completely separated circulation systems, and specifically, when the ambient temperature in a vehicle cabin is low, the warm air system of the fuel cell vehicle is used for heating the cooling liquid of the finished vehicle to a certain temperature by the warm air system of the finished vehicle, and a warm air conditioner is started to dissipate the heat carried by the cooling liquid into the vehicle cabin; when the fuel cell system works, approximately 50% of energy is converted into heat energy for ensuring the proper working temperature of each working condition of the fuel cell, the heat energy is taken away in a cooling liquid heat exchange mode, and the heat energy is radiated to the atmosphere through a radiator system. Wherein, the temperature rise of the cooling liquid of the whole vehicle warm air system completely depends on the PTC heater, and the energy consumption is larger; when the high-power fuel cell outputs high power, the working temperature can reach about 70-80 ℃, the temperature difference between the inlet and the outlet of the engine needs to be maintained within 10 ℃, and the part of heat is dissipated through the radiator and is not used for a whole vehicle warm air system, so that the heat waste is caused, and the energy utilization is low; in addition, when the hydrogen fuel cell engine heat dissipation system works, the work load of the heat dissipation fan is large, the energy consumption is large, and the noise is large. At present, although the technical scheme of heating the whole vehicle by using the waste heat of the fuel cell has been tried to be developed, no thermal management control method and system with strong practicability and good compatibility exist based on the current domestic fuel cell engine and the supply state of the whole vehicle plant.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the technical defects and technical drawbacks in the prior art, embodiments of the present invention provide a thermal management control method, system and fuel cell vehicle that overcome the above problems or at least partially solve the above problems, thereby improving the feasibility and compatibility of applying the residual heat of the fuel cell to the overall heat supply; hydrogen consumption is reduced, so that vehicle operation cost is reduced; noise is reduced, and passenger comfort is improved.
As an aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a thermal management control method, including:
adjusting heat exchange between the cooling circulation loop and the warm air circulation loop through a heat exchange loop, wherein the heat exchange loop and the cooling circulation loop exchange heat through a heat exchanger; the heat exchange loop is controlled to be communicated with the warm air circulation loop through a three-way valve;
and controlling the opening of the three-way valve according to the temperature parameter relationship of the cooling circulation loop and the warm air circulation loop, and adjusting the liquid flow in the pipelines of the heat exchange loop and the warm air circulation loop.
Further, the step of controlling the opening degree of the three-way valve according to the temperature parameter relationship of the cooling circulation circuit and the warm air circulation circuit includes:
outputting a target temperature difference according to the working condition of the cooling circulation loop;
acquiring the actual temperature difference between the temperature of the liquid at the outlet of the fuel cell in the cooling circulation loop and the temperature of the liquid input into the heat exchanger in the warm air circulation loop;
and adjusting the opening degree of the three-way valve according to the relation between the target temperature difference and the actual temperature difference.
Further, the step of adjusting the opening degree of the three-way valve by the relationship between the target temperature difference and the actual temperature difference includes:
judging whether the actual temperature difference is smaller than the target temperature difference, when the actual temperature difference is smaller than the target temperature difference, adjusting the opening of the three-way valve to be completely opened, and enabling all liquid in the warm air circulation loop to pass through a heat exchanger in the heat exchange loop; when the actual temperature difference is larger than the target temperature difference, adjusting the opening of the three-way valve to the target opening; the target opening degree is calculated according to the working condition of the cooling circulation loop and the actual temperature difference;
monitoring the target opening of the three-way valve in real time, wherein when the target opening is 0, the liquid of the warm air circulation loop does not pass through a heat exchanger in the heat exchange loop, and the cooling circulation loop and the warm air circulation loop respectively and independently work; when the target opening degree is not 0, the liquid part of the warm air circulation loop passes through the heat exchanger in the heat exchange loop.
Further, the thermal management control method further includes:
adjusting the rotating speed of a radiator in the cooling circulation loop according to the opening of the three-way valve and the temperature parameter of the cooling circulation loop; and/or
And adjusting the power of a heater in the warm air circulation loop according to the temperature parameter of the warm air circulation loop.
As a further aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a thermal management control system, including a cooling circulation loop, a warm air circulation loop, and a heat exchange loop; the heat exchange loop and the cooling circulation loop realize heat exchange through a heat exchanger; the heat exchange loop and the warm air circulation loop adjust the liquid flow in the pipeline through the opening of the three-way valve;
and the thermal management control system controls the opening of the three-way valve according to the temperature parameter relationship of the cooling circulation loop and the warm air circulation loop.
Further, the cooling circulation loop at least comprises a fuel cell stack, a first water pump, a heat exchanger and a first radiator;
the warm air circulation loop at least comprises a second water pump, a heater, a second radiator and a three-way valve;
the inlet end of the heat exchanger in the heat exchange loop is communicated with the first output end of the three-way valve, and the outlet end of the heat exchanger is communicated with a pipeline connected with the second output end of the three-way valve.
Further, the cooling circulation loop also comprises a first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor which respectively monitor the inlet and the outlet of the fuel cell stack; the warm air circulation loop also comprises a third temperature sensor and a fourth temperature sensor which are respectively used for monitoring pipelines communicated with the inlet and the outlet of the heat exchanger;
and the thermal management control system obtains the inlet temperature of the heat exchanger output by the third temperature sensor and the outlet temperature of the fuel cell stack transmitted by the second temperature sensor to calculate the actual temperature difference, and then compares the actual temperature difference with the target temperature difference determined according to the working condition of the cooling circulation loop to adjust the opening of the three-way valve.
Further, the thermal management control system judges whether the actual temperature difference is smaller than the target temperature difference, when the actual temperature difference is smaller than the target temperature difference, the opening degree of the three-way valve is adjusted to be completely opened, and all liquid in the warm air circulation loop passes through the heat exchanger in the heat exchange loop; when the actual temperature difference is larger than the target temperature difference, adjusting the opening of the three-way valve to the target opening; the target opening degree is calculated according to the working condition of the cooling circulation loop and the actual temperature difference;
monitoring the target opening of the three-way valve in real time, wherein when the target opening is 0, the liquid of the warm air circulation loop does not pass through a heat exchanger in the heat exchange loop, and the cooling circulation loop and the warm air circulation loop respectively and independently work; when the target opening degree is not 0, the liquid part of the warm air circulation loop passes through the heat exchanger in the heat exchange loop.
Further, the thermal management control system adjusts the rotating speed of a radiator in the cooling circulation loop according to the opening of the three-way valve and the temperature parameter of the cooling circulation loop; and/or
And the heat management control system adjusts the power of a heater in the warm air circulation loop according to the temperature parameter of the warm air circulation loop.
As a further aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a fuel cell vehicle including the thermal management control system according to any of the above embodiments.
The embodiment of the invention at least realizes the following technical effects:
the embodiment of the invention realizes the heat exchange between a cooling circulation loop of the fuel cell and a warm air circulation loop of a heating system of the whole vehicle through a heat exchange loop comprising a heat exchanger, transfers the heat emitted by the fuel cell during working to the warm air circulation loop, automatically and dynamically adjusts a three-way valve in the warm air circulation loop according to the temperature parameters of different loops, and realizes the adjustment of the opening degree of the three-way valve according to the heat of the cooling circulation loop of the fuel cell, thereby not only realizing the accurate control of the temperature in a cabin of the whole vehicle and the temperature of the fuel cell under the condition of high-power operation of the fuel cell, but also ensuring the high-efficiency utilization of waste heat under the condition of low-power operation of the fuel cell and small amount of available waste heat; the embodiment optimizes the heat management control system structure of the fuel cell vehicle, improves the heat management level of the fuel cell vehicle, realizes heating and defrosting of air in the vehicle cabin, reduces hydrogen consumption, and improves the energy utilization rate by at least about 10-15%.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic view of the pipeline connection of the thermal management control system of the fuel cell vehicle according to the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a method for controlling thermal management of a fuel cell vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is an overall flowchart of a thermal management control method for a fuel cell vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the drawings: 1. a first temperature sensor; 2. a first water pump; 3. a heat exchanger; 4. a first heat sink; 5. a second temperature sensor; 6. a third temperature sensor; 7. a second water pump; 8. a heater; 9. a second heat sink; 10. a fourth temperature sensor; 11. a three-way valve; 12. a fuel cell stack.
Detailed Description
In order to explain technical contents, achieved objects, and effects of the present invention in detail, the following description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings in combination with the embodiments.
The figures and the following description depict alternative embodiments of the invention to teach those skilled in the art how to make and use the invention. Some conventional aspects have been simplified or omitted for the purpose of teaching the present invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that variations or substitutions from these embodiments will fall within the scope of the invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the features described below can be combined in various ways to form multiple variations of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not limited to the following alternative embodiments, but is only limited by the claims and their equivalents.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a thermal management control method, which is shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3; the thermal management control method comprises the following steps:
the heat exchange between the cooling circulation loop and the warm air circulation loop is adjusted through a heat exchange loop, and the heat exchange loop and the cooling circulation loop exchange heat through a heat exchanger 3; the heat exchange loop is controlled to be communicated with the warm air circulation loop through a three-way valve 11;
and controlling the opening of the three-way valve according to the temperature parameter relationship of the cooling circulation loop and the warm air circulation loop, and adjusting the liquid flow in the pipelines of the heat exchange loop and the warm air circulation loop.
In the embodiment, the system comprises three heat dissipation circulation loops, wherein one heat dissipation circulation loop is used for cooling the fuel cell stack, and the other heat dissipation circulation loop is used for providing warm air for the whole vehicle; the third heat dissipation circulation loop is: the system comprises a warm air circulation loop and a heat exchange loop, wherein the warm air circulation loop and the heat exchange loop jointly form a loop, a three-way valve can control the loop to be in three states, the three-way valve is completely opened in the first state, and all pipeline liquid of the warm air circulation loop flows into a heat exchanger of the heat exchange loop; secondly, the opening degree of the three-way valve is 0, and the pipeline liquid of the warm air circulation loop does not flow into the heat exchanger of the heat exchange loop at all and only circulates in the warm air circulation loop; and thirdly, the opening degree of the three-way valve is not 0 and the three-way valve is not completely opened, at the moment, the pipeline liquid of the warm air circulation loop has two outflow directions, one part flows into the heat exchanger through the heat exchange loop, and the other part circulates in the warm air circulation loop.
The cooling circuit typically controls parameters in the cooling circuit via a fuel cell control system; the warm air circulation loop and the heat exchange loop are generally controlled by a whole vehicle warm air system, in this embodiment, the whole vehicle warm air system acquires temperature parameters in the cooling circulation loop, and the opening degree of the three-way valve is comprehensively judged by combining the temperature of the pipeline inlet of the heat exchanger in the warm air circulation loop.
Preferably, referring to fig. 2, the step of controlling the opening degree of the three-way valve according to the temperature parameter relationship of the cooling circulation circuit and the warm air circulation circuit may include:
s11, outputting a target temperature difference according to the working condition of the cooling circulation loop;
s12, acquiring the liquid temperature at the outlet of the fuel cell in the cooling circulation loop and the liquid temperature input to the heat exchanger in the warm air circulation loop, and calculating the actual temperature difference;
s13 adjusts the opening degree of the three-way valve by the relationship between the target temperature difference and the actual temperature difference.
In this embodiment, the target temperature difference may be determined by the fuel cell control system according to a working condition of the cooling circulation loop, where the working condition of the cooling circulation loop includes power, temperature, etc. of the fuel cell stack, and the output of the target temperature difference may also be determined by combining other parameters, such as a parameter of the heat exchanger, a current ambient temperature, etc., and the target temperature difference may generally be set to 14, 16, 18, 20 degrees celsius, etc.; the liquid circulated and flowed by the pipeline in the cooling circulation loop is antifreeze solution special for the fuel cell, the temperature of the liquid at the outlet and the inlet of the fuel cell is monitored by a temperature sensor, and the liquid is transmitted to a fuel cell control system in real time; liquid circularly flowing in pipelines in the warm air circulation loop and the heat exchange loop is anti-freezing liquid for vehicles, and the temperature of liquid in input and output pipelines communicated with the heat exchanger in the warm air circulation loop is monitored through a temperature sensor; and the target temperature difference and the liquid temperature at the outlet of the fuel cell are interactively obtained by the whole vehicle warm air control system and the fuel cell control system, so that the opening degree of the three-way valve is controlled by the relation between the target temperature difference and the actual temperature difference, wherein the relation between the target temperature difference and the actual temperature difference is greater than, equal to or less than.
In the step S13, the method may further include:
judging whether the actual temperature difference is smaller than the target temperature difference, when the actual temperature difference is smaller than the target temperature difference, adjusting the opening of the three-way valve to be completely opened, and enabling all liquid in the warm air circulation loop to pass through a heat exchanger in the heat exchange loop; when the actual temperature difference is larger than the target temperature difference, adjusting the opening of the three-way valve to the target opening; the target opening degree is calculated according to the working condition of the cooling circulation loop and the actual temperature difference;
monitoring the target opening of the three-way valve in real time, wherein when the target opening is 0, the liquid of the warm air circulation loop does not pass through a heat exchanger in the heat exchange loop, and the cooling circulation loop and the warm air circulation loop respectively and independently work; when the target opening degree is not 0, the liquid part of the warm air circulation loop passes through the heat exchanger in the heat exchange loop.
In this embodiment, when the three-way valve is fully opened, the opening of the three-way valve is 100, the warm air circulation loop is closed, and a third circulation loop formed by the heat exchange loop and the warm air circulation loop is fully opened; when the opening degree of the three-way valve is 0, the heat exchange loop is closed, and the vehicle antifreeze circularly flows in the warm air circulation loop; when the opening degree of the three-way valve is between 0 and 100, the antifreeze for the vehicle is respectively output to the warm air circulation loop and the heat exchange loop according to the opening degree of the three-way valve. The embodiment can adjust the heat exchange quantity in the warm air circulation loop in real time by combining the working condition of the fuel cell, thereby not only ensuring the accurate control of the temperature in the whole cabin of the fuel cell and the temperature of the fuel cell under the high-power operation condition of the fuel cell, but also realizing the utilization control of waste heat under the condition that the available waste heat quantity of the low-power operation of the fuel cell is smaller.
Preferably, the thermal management control method further includes:
adjusting the rotating speed of a radiator in the cooling circulation loop according to the opening of the three-way valve and the temperature parameter of the cooling circulation loop;
in the embodiment, the fuel cell control system monitors the opening state of the three-way valve and adjusts the rotating speed of the radiator in the cooling circulation loop according to the difference value between the actual liquid temperature of the fuel cell inlet and the target liquid temperature of the fuel cell inlet; the target water temperature of the inlet of the fuel cell is determined by the working condition of the fuel cell and can be 65, 70 or 75 ℃ and the like; when the actual liquid temperature is higher than the target liquid temperature, increasing the rotating speed of the radiator; when the actual liquid temperature is lower than the target liquid temperature, the rotating speed of the radiator is reduced, the actual liquid temperature is dynamically adjusted to be approximately equal to the target liquid temperature, the stable operation of the fuel cell is ensured, and the actual liquid temperature of the inlet of the general fuel cell can be 65, 70 or 75 ℃ and the like.
Preferably, the thermal management control method further includes: and adjusting the power of the heater 8 in the warm air circulation loop according to the temperature parameter of the warm air circulation loop.
In the embodiment, the target temperature can be determined according to the ambient temperature in the cabin, and the actual temperature of the outlet of the heat exchanger of the warm air system can be detected in real time; the warm air control system adjusts the power of a heater 8 in the warm air circulation loop according to the difference value between the target temperature and the actual temperature, wherein when the actual temperature is greater than or equal to the target temperature, the heater 8 does not heat; when the actual temperature is lower than the target temperature, the target power is output according to the difference value between the actual temperature and the target temperature, the heater 8 works according to the target power, and the radiator in the warm air circulation loop normally works to realize heat balance.
In one embodiment, a specific control flow diagram can be seen in fig. 3, in which:
t1: actual liquid temperature at the fuel cell inlet;
t1': the target liquid temperature of the inlet liquid of the fuel cell is determined by the working condition of the fuel cell;
t2: actual liquid temperature at the fuel cell outlet;
t3: the actual liquid temperature in a pipeline connected with an outlet of an output pipeline of the heat exchanger in the warm air circulation loop;
t3': the target temperature of liquid in a pipeline connected with an outlet of an output pipeline of the heat exchanger in the warm air circulation loop is determined by the ambient temperature in the vehicle cabin;
t4: inputting the actual liquid temperature of a pipeline inlet of a heat exchanger in a warm air circulation loop;
Δ t 1: the actual temperature difference between the actual liquid temperature T2 at the outlet of the fuel cell and the actual liquid temperature T4 at the inlet of the pipeline of the input heat exchanger in the warm air circulation loop;
Δ t 1': the target temperature difference between the temperature of the liquid at the outlet of the fuel cell and the temperature of the inlet of the pipeline of the input heat exchanger in the warm air circulation loop is determined according to the working condition of the fuel cell and the heat exchange coefficient of the heat exchanger;
Δ t 2: the actual temperature difference between the temperature T3 of the liquid in the pipeline connected with the outlet of the output pipeline of the heat exchanger in the warm air circulation loop and the target temperature T3' of the liquid in the pipeline connected with the outlet of the output pipeline of the heat exchanger in the warm air circulation loop is achieved;
x': the target opening of the three-way valve is determined by the working condition of the fuel cell and the coefficient of the heat exchanger;
p': the target power of the heater in the warm air circulation loop is determined by the ambient temperature in the vehicle cabin and the delta t 2.
In this embodiment, the thermal management control method may be regarded as including a warm air control portion and a fuel cell control portion, where the two portions are interactively controlled cooperatively, and the opening of the three-way valve is adjusted according to real-time conditions in the cooling circulation loop and the warm air circulation loop, so as to achieve thermal balance.
Example 2
Based on the same inventive concept, embodiments of the present invention further provide a thermal management control system, and as the principle of the problem solved by the thermal management control system is similar to the thermal management control method of the foregoing embodiments, the implementation of the present embodiment may refer to the implementation of the foregoing thermal management control method, and repeated details are not repeated.
The embodiment provides a thermal management control system, which comprises a cooling circulation loop, a warm air circulation loop and a heat exchange loop; the heat exchange loop and the cooling circulation loop realize heat exchange through a heat exchanger 3; the heat exchange loop and the warm air circulation loop adjust the liquid flow in the pipeline through the opening of the three-way valve;
and the thermal management control system controls the opening of the three-way valve according to the temperature parameter relationship of the cooling circulation loop and the warm air circulation loop.
In this embodiment, the heat exchanger 3 is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, heat exchange between the cooling circulation loop and the heat exchange loop is realized by the shell-and-tube heat exchanger, and the flow rate of the antifreeze solution for vehicles in the pipeline is controlled by the opening degree of the three-way valve 11, so as to adjust the distribution of heat in different loops.
Further, the cooling circulation loop at least comprises a fuel cell stack 12, a first water pump 2, a heat exchanger 3 and a first radiator 4;
the warm air circulation loop at least comprises a second water pump 7, a heater 8, a second radiator 9 and a three-way valve 11;
the inlet end of the heat exchanger 3 in the heat exchange loop is communicated with the first output end of the three-way valve 11, and the outlet end of the heat exchanger 3 is communicated with a pipeline connected with the second output end of the three-way valve 11.
In the embodiment, the fuel cell stack 12, the first water pump 2, the heat exchanger 3 and the first radiator 4 are connected in series to form a cooling circulation loop; the second water pump 7, the heater 8, the second radiator 9 and the three-way valve 11 are connected in series to form a warm air circulation loop, wherein the heater 8 is a PTC heater. The system of the embodiment has a simple structure, the shell-and-tube heat exchangers are connected in series in the pipeline of the fuel cell cooling system, so that the circulating cooling liquid of the whole vehicle warm air system can be heated, the heat energy conversion of the whole vehicle warm air control system is timely adjusted by automatically adjusting the three-way valve, and the heat balance of the whole vehicle warm air control system and the fuel cell control system is ensured.
Preferably, the cooling circulation circuit further includes a first temperature sensor 1 (monitor T1) and a second temperature sensor 5 (monitor T2) that monitor the inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack 12, respectively; the warm air circulation loop further comprises a third temperature sensor 6 (monitoring T4) and a fourth temperature sensor 10 (monitoring T3) which respectively monitor pipelines communicated with the inlet and the outlet of the heat exchanger 3;
the thermal management control system obtains the inlet temperature (T4) of the heat exchanger 3 output by the third temperature sensor 6 and the outlet temperature (T2) of the fuel cell stack 12 transmitted by the second temperature sensor 5 to calculate the actual temperature difference (delta T1), and then compares the actual temperature difference with the target temperature difference (delta T1') determined according to the working condition of the cooling circulation loop to adjust the opening of the three-way valve.
Preferably, the thermal management control system judges whether the actual temperature difference is smaller than the target temperature difference, when the actual temperature difference is smaller than the target temperature difference, the opening degree of the three-way valve is adjusted to be completely opened, and all liquid in the warm air circulation loop passes through the heat exchanger in the heat exchange loop; when the actual temperature difference is larger than the target temperature difference, adjusting the opening of the three-way valve to the target opening; the target opening degree is calculated according to the working condition of the cooling circulation loop and the actual temperature difference;
monitoring the target opening of the three-way valve in real time, wherein when the target opening is 0, the liquid of the warm air circulation loop does not pass through a heat exchanger in the heat exchange loop, and the cooling circulation loop and the warm air circulation loop respectively and independently work; when the target opening degree is not 0, the liquid part of the warm air circulation loop passes through the heat exchanger in the heat exchange loop.
In this embodiment, the fuel cell cooling circulation loop is completely opened, and when the heating system of the whole vehicle commands the opening of the warm air circulation loop, the vehicle controller determines the opening of the three-way valve to control the flow rate of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to the difference value Δ T1 and Δ T1' between the temperature value T2 detected by the second temperature sensor 5 and the temperature T4 detected by the third temperature sensor 6, thereby determining the heat intake amount of the warm air system.
Preferably, the thermal management control system adjusts the rotating speed of the radiator in the cooling circulation loop according to the opening of the three-way valve and the temperature parameter of the cooling circulation loop.
In this embodiment, if the heat exchange amount of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger cannot meet the heat dissipation requirement of the engine, in the cooling circulation loop, the fuel cell adjusts the rotating speed of the fan of the first radiator 4 in a PID control mode according to the opening of the three-way valve, so as to ensure that the actual liquid temperature T1 at the inlet of the fuel cell meets the working target water temperature T1' of the fuel cell engine, wherein PID is an abbreviation of proportion, integral and differential, and is a linear regulation law with proportional, integral and differential functions.
Preferably, the thermal management control system adjusts the power of the heater 8 in the warm air circulation loop according to the temperature parameter of the warm air circulation loop.
In the embodiment, the cooling liquid in the cooling circulation loop exchanges heat with the cooling liquid in the heat exchange loop in the shell-and-tube heat exchanger, and when the fourth temperature sensor 10 reaches the set temperature T3, the second radiator 9 works to provide warm air for the whole vehicle; when the fourth temperature sensor 10 is lower than the set temperature T3, the PTC heater is turned on, PTC heating power is set according to Δ T2 (the actual temperature difference between the actual temperature T3 of the liquid in the pipeline connected to the outlet of the output pipeline of the heat exchanger in the warm air circulation loop and the target temperature T3' of the liquid in the pipeline connected to the outlet of the output pipeline of the heat exchanger in the warm air circulation loop), and the temperature of the coolant is raised to ensure the temperature in the vehicle cabin.
In the embodiment, when the fuel cell does not operate, the whole vehicle warm air system adjusts the opening degree of the three-way valve to 0, and the warm air circulation loop works to ensure that the temperature in the whole vehicle cabin is stable; when the fuel cell runs, the opening of the three-way valve is controlled according to the delta t1 and the delta t1', so that waste heat generated when the fuel cell runs at low power is used for a whole vehicle warm air system; the heating power of the PTC heater is adjustable, and the PTC heating power can be determined according to the difference between T3 and T3'.
Example 3
Based on the same inventive concept, embodiments of the present invention further provide a fuel cell vehicle, and since the principle of the problem solved by the fuel cell vehicle is similar to that of the thermal management control system of the foregoing embodiments, the implementation of the present embodiment may refer to the implementation of the foregoing thermal management control system, and repeated details are omitted.
An embodiment of the invention provides a fuel cell vehicle, which comprises the thermal management control system of the fuel cell vehicle in any embodiment.
In this embodiment, the warm air circulation loop may be controlled by a vehicle hot air system, the cooling circulation loop may be controlled by a fuel cell system, and the thermal management control of the vehicle may be realized through interaction between the vehicle hot air system and the fuel cell system.
In the embodiment of the invention, the shell-and-tube heat exchanger is connected in series in the pipeline of the fuel cell cooling system and is used for heating the circulating cooling liquid of the whole vehicle warm air system, the shell-and-tube heat exchanger is improved in the conventional heat management control system of the fuel cell vehicle, the compatibility and the practicability of the whole vehicle are improved, the structure is simple, and the practical application of the whole vehicle is convenient; the energy utilization is efficiently improved, and the energy utilization rate is improved by about 10-15%; the design of the three-way valve ensures that the whole vehicle warm air system can still take proper amount of waste heat under the condition that the available waste heat of the fuel cell is small, and the PTC power consumption of the warm air system is reduced.
The use of ordinal numbers such as "first," "second," "third," etc., in the specification and claims to modify a corresponding element does not by itself connote any ordinal number of the element or the order of one element in another, but are used merely to clearly distinguish one element having a certain name from another element having a same name.
Similarly, it should be appreciated that in the foregoing description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, various features of the invention are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof for the purpose of streamlining the invention and aiding in the understanding of one or more of the various inventive aspects. However, the method of the invention should not be construed to reflect the intent: that the invention as claimed requires more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Thus, the claims following the detailed description are hereby expressly incorporated into this detailed description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment of this invention.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A thermal management control method, characterized in that the thermal management control method comprises:
adjusting heat exchange between the cooling circulation loop and the warm air circulation loop through a heat exchange loop, wherein the heat exchange loop and the cooling circulation loop exchange heat through a heat exchanger; the heat exchange loop is controlled to be communicated with the warm air circulation loop through a three-way valve;
and controlling the opening of the three-way valve according to the temperature parameter relationship of the cooling circulation loop and the warm air circulation loop, and adjusting the liquid flow in the pipelines of the heat exchange loop and the warm air circulation loop.
2. The thermal management control method according to claim 1, wherein the step of controlling the opening degree of the three-way valve according to the relationship between the temperature parameters of the cooling circulation circuit and the warm air circulation circuit comprises:
outputting a target temperature difference according to the working condition of the cooling circulation loop;
acquiring the actual temperature difference between the temperature of the liquid at the outlet of the fuel cell in the cooling circulation loop and the temperature of the liquid input into the heat exchanger in the warm air circulation loop;
and adjusting the opening degree of the three-way valve according to the relation between the target temperature difference and the actual temperature difference.
3. The thermal management control method according to claim 2, wherein the step of "adjusting the opening degree of the three-way valve by the relationship between the target temperature difference and the actual temperature difference" includes:
judging whether the actual temperature difference is smaller than the target temperature difference, when the actual temperature difference is smaller than the target temperature difference, adjusting the opening of the three-way valve to be completely opened, and enabling all liquid in the warm air circulation loop to pass through a heat exchanger in the heat exchange loop; when the actual temperature difference is larger than the target temperature difference, adjusting the opening of the three-way valve to the target opening; the target opening degree is calculated according to the working condition of the cooling circulation loop and the actual temperature difference;
monitoring the target opening of the three-way valve in real time, wherein when the target opening is 0, the liquid of the warm air circulation loop does not pass through a heat exchanger in the heat exchange loop, and the cooling circulation loop and the warm air circulation loop respectively and independently work; when the target opening degree is not 0, the liquid part of the warm air circulation loop passes through the heat exchanger in the heat exchange loop.
4. The thermal management control method of claim 1, further comprising:
adjusting the rotating speed of a radiator in the cooling circulation loop according to the opening of the three-way valve and the temperature parameter of the cooling circulation loop; and/or
And adjusting the power of a heater in the warm air circulation loop according to the temperature parameter of the warm air circulation loop.
5. The heat management control system is characterized by comprising a cooling circulation loop, a warm air circulation loop and a heat exchange loop; the heat exchange loop and the cooling circulation loop realize heat exchange through a heat exchanger; the heat exchange loop and the warm air circulation loop adjust the liquid flow in the pipeline through the opening of the three-way valve;
and the thermal management control system controls the opening of the three-way valve according to the temperature parameter relationship of the cooling circulation loop and the warm air circulation loop.
6. The thermal management control system of claim 5, wherein the cooling loop comprises at least a fuel cell stack, a first water pump, a heat exchanger, and a first radiator;
the warm air circulation loop at least comprises a second water pump, a heater, a second radiator and a three-way valve;
the inlet end of the heat exchanger in the heat exchange loop is communicated with the first output end of the three-way valve, and the outlet end of the heat exchanger is communicated with a pipeline connected with the second output end of the three-way valve.
7. The thermal management control system of claim 6, wherein said cooling loop further comprises a first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor monitoring an inlet and an outlet, respectively, of the fuel cell stack; the warm air circulation loop also comprises a third temperature sensor and a fourth temperature sensor which are respectively used for monitoring pipelines communicated with the inlet and the outlet of the heat exchanger;
and the thermal management control system obtains the inlet temperature of the heat exchanger output by the third temperature sensor and the outlet temperature of the fuel cell stack transmitted by the second temperature sensor to calculate the actual temperature difference, and then compares the actual temperature difference with the target temperature difference determined according to the working condition of the cooling circulation loop to adjust the opening of the three-way valve.
8. The thermal management control system of claim 7, wherein the thermal management control system determines whether the actual temperature difference is less than the target temperature difference, and when the actual temperature difference is less than the target temperature difference, the three-way valve is opened to be fully opened, and all liquid in the warm air circulation loop passes through the heat exchanger in the heat exchange loop; when the actual temperature difference is larger than the target temperature difference, adjusting the opening of the three-way valve to the target opening; the target opening degree is calculated according to the working condition of the cooling circulation loop and the actual temperature difference;
monitoring the target opening of the three-way valve in real time, wherein when the target opening is 0, the liquid of the warm air circulation loop does not pass through a heat exchanger in the heat exchange loop, and the cooling circulation loop and the warm air circulation loop respectively and independently work; when the target opening degree is not 0, the liquid part of the warm air circulation loop passes through the heat exchanger in the heat exchange loop.
9. The thermal management control system of claim 5, wherein the thermal management control system adjusts a rotational speed of a radiator in the cooling loop according to an opening of the three-way valve and a temperature parameter of the cooling loop; and/or
And the heat management control system adjusts the power of a heater in the warm air circulation loop according to the temperature parameter of the warm air circulation loop.
10. A fuel cell vehicle characterized by comprising the thermal management control system according to any of claims 5 to 9.
CN202010448412.7A 2020-05-25 2020-05-25 Thermal management control method and system and fuel cell vehicle Pending CN113725458A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114361514A (en) * 2021-12-30 2022-04-15 重庆长安新能源汽车科技有限公司 Vehicle fuel cell thermal management system and control method thereof
CN114744241A (en) * 2022-05-06 2022-07-12 中通客车股份有限公司 Efficient utilization system and control method for waste heat of fuel cell
CN114953923A (en) * 2022-08-02 2022-08-30 中国重汽集团济南动力有限公司 Carriage heating system and control method for fuel cell dumper
WO2024041087A1 (en) * 2022-08-23 2024-02-29 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 Air intake system of fuel cell engine, thermal management method for fuel cell engine, and vehicle

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114361514A (en) * 2021-12-30 2022-04-15 重庆长安新能源汽车科技有限公司 Vehicle fuel cell thermal management system and control method thereof
CN114361514B (en) * 2021-12-30 2023-07-21 深蓝汽车科技有限公司 Vehicle fuel cell thermal management system and control method thereof
CN114744241A (en) * 2022-05-06 2022-07-12 中通客车股份有限公司 Efficient utilization system and control method for waste heat of fuel cell
CN114953923A (en) * 2022-08-02 2022-08-30 中国重汽集团济南动力有限公司 Carriage heating system and control method for fuel cell dumper
CN114953923B (en) * 2022-08-02 2022-11-11 中国重汽集团济南动力有限公司 Carriage heating system and control method for fuel cell dumper
WO2024041087A1 (en) * 2022-08-23 2024-02-29 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 Air intake system of fuel cell engine, thermal management method for fuel cell engine, and vehicle

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