CN114161070A - Assembly welding device, platform and assembly process of vehicle-end vibration damper seat - Google Patents
Assembly welding device, platform and assembly process of vehicle-end vibration damper seat Download PDFInfo
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- CN114161070A CN114161070A CN202111203846.1A CN202111203846A CN114161070A CN 114161070 A CN114161070 A CN 114161070A CN 202111203846 A CN202111203846 A CN 202111203846A CN 114161070 A CN114161070 A CN 114161070A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K37/04—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work
- B23K37/047—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work moving work to adjust its position between soldering, welding or cutting steps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K31/02—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to soldering or welding
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Abstract
The invention provides a group welding device, which comprises a positioning and fixing device, a pressing device and a rotating device, wherein: the positioning and fixing device is used for positioning and fixing the bottom plate; the pressing device is used for pressing each part to be welded with the bottom plate respectively and pre-assembling the parts to be welded into a workpiece to be welded; and the rotating device is connected with the positioning and fixing device and drives the workpiece to be welded or the workpiece to be welded after primary welding to rotate, so that the assembly welding operation is facilitated. The invention further provides an assembly welding platform provided with the assembly device and an assembly welding process of the vehicle-end damper base. The assembly welding device, the platform and the welding process of the vehicle-end vibration damper base are provided, multi-angle assembly welding operation after assembling of workpieces to be welded can be achieved, modular assembly welding production is achieved, welding quality of integral parts is improved, and welding construction difficulty is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of production research and development of railway vehicles, in particular to an assembly welding device, a platform and an assembly process of a vehicle-end shock absorber seat, which are used in the assembly process of a vehicle body.
Background
With the development of scientific technology and the improvement of life rhythm, the rail transportation industry has more and more important function in promoting the modernization construction process, the requirement on the comfort of rail vehicles is higher and higher along with the development of related research and development technologies, and in order to improve the comfort of passengers in the vehicle and reduce the transmission of vibration generated in the running process of a vehicle body to the interior of the vehicle, a vibration absorber is usually arranged below the vehicle. The vehicle-end shock absorber is fixed with the underframe at the bottom of the vehicle body through the shock absorber seat.
The common vehicle-end shock absorber seat is generally composed of a mounting plate, a mounting beam and a mounting cross beam, which are welded to form a seat body structure with three closed surfaces and three open surfaces, and the seat body structure is positioned at four corner positions at the end part of a vehicle chassis to fixedly mount the vehicle-end shock absorber at the bottom of a vehicle end. In the existing assembly mode, the mounting plate, the mounting beam and the mounting cross beam are of three separated plate-shaped structures, when the existing vehicle is assembled, the mounting plate, the mounting beam and the mounting cross beam are respectively assembled on the underframe in a welding mode sequentially, the operation space for under-vehicle assembly is narrow, the construction difficulty is high, the welding deformation is difficult to control, and the construction quality is unstable; the vehicle end shock absorbers at the four corners have similar structures, the left side and the right side are in mirror image relation, and assembly errors are easy. The factors lead to low one-time flaw detection qualification rate of the welding line of the vehicle-end vibration damper seat, increase the rework and repair workload and occupy the main flow cycle of vehicle production.
The shock absorber seat needs to adopt a spot welding or full welding mode to realize assembly welding operation, but due to the limitation of the structure, the size and the welding platform of the shock absorber seat, multi-angle assembly welding operation cannot be carried out on the mounting plate, the mounting beam and the mounting cross beam, and only a mode of welding parts under a vehicle can be adopted, so that the problems are caused, and the problems restrict the production efficiency, the welding quality and the construction stability.
In other assembly welding production technical fields, similar problems exist, a mature and stable welding device and a platform do not exist, and a plurality of side plates are assembled and welded into an integral workpiece in multiple angles and then assembled with other parts.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to solve the problems and the defects and provides the assembly welding device which can realize multi-angle assembly welding operation after the workpieces to be welded are assembled, realize modularized assembly welding production, improve the welding quality of the integral parts and reduce the welding construction difficulty. And further provides an assembly welding platform provided with the assembly welding device and a corresponding assembly process of the vehicle-end vibration damper base.
In order to realize the first invention purpose, the invention provides a group welding device, which adopts the technical scheme that:
the utility model provides a group welding device, includes positioning fixing device, closing device and rotary device, wherein: the positioning and fixing device is used for positioning and fixing the bottom plate;
the pressing device is used for pressing each part to be welded with the bottom plate respectively and pre-assembling the parts to be welded into a workpiece to be welded; and the rotating device is connected with the positioning and fixing device and drives the workpiece to be welded or the workpiece to be welded after primary welding to rotate, so that the assembly welding operation is facilitated.
Furthermore, the positioning and fixing device comprises a fixing plate, wherein an error-proof positioning pin and/or a positioning shaft are/is fixedly arranged on the fixing plate, the positioning pin is inserted into a screw hole in the bottom plate, the positioning shaft is inserted into a shaft hole in the bottom plate, and the press-fitting plate is fixed with the end part of the positioning shaft after passing through the bottom plate.
Furthermore, the welding fixture also comprises a supporting cushion block which is matched with the workpiece to be welded to prevent welding deformation.
Furthermore, the pressing devices are in multiple groups and respectively comprise pressing heads and drivers for driving the pressing heads to act to fix the parts to be welded with each other.
Further, the end of the positioning and fixing device is connected with the end of the rotating device through a foldable part, and the positioning and fixing device can be turned over relative to the rotating device.
Further, the rotating device comprises a limiting block for limiting the turning angle of the positioning and fixing device.
The second invention of the invention aims to provide a welding platform, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a welding platform comprising an operating station on which one or more assembly welding devices as hereinbefore described are arranged.
The third invention aims to provide an assembly process of a vehicle end vibration damper seat, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a car end shock absorber seat assembling process is characterized in that a shock absorber seat mounting plate is positioned on an operation table by a positioning and fixing device and is fastened with the positioning and fixing device; respectively placing the mounting beam and the mounting beam on corresponding pre-assembly positions, and pre-assembling the mounting beam, the mounting beam and the mounting plate into a damper base to be welded through a pressing device; carrying out spot welding and/or local assembly welding on the pre-assembled shock absorber seat; the pre-assembled damper seat after spot welding and/or local assembly welding is driven by a rotating device to adjust the direction and is completely assembled and welded into the damper seat.
Furthermore, the positioning and fixing device comprises a positioning shaft, a narrow slot and a through hole which are communicated are formed in the press mounting plate, the positioning shaft penetrates through the shaft hole of the mounting plate, then is inserted into the through hole, then slides into the narrow slot, and is fixed with the press mounting plate, so that the mounting plate and the positioning and fixing device are fixed together.
Furthermore, one end of the positioning and fixing device is connected with the rotating device through the overturning part, after spot welding and/or local assembly welding is completed, the positioning and fixing device drives the pre-assembled and year-reduced seat after spot welding and/or local assembly welding to overturn and rotate under the driving of the rotating device, and comprehensive assembly welding operation is completed from various angles.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the assembly welding device, the platform and the assembly process of the vehicle-end damper seat provided by the invention have the following technical advantages:
1. the method for pre-assembling the parts under the vehicle is provided, then the pre-assembled parts are taken as a whole and are assembled and welded on the underframe of the rail transit vehicle, and the assembly of the vehicle-end shock absorber seat is optimized from a serial main flow construction process to a parallel sub-flow construction process, so that the construction period of the main flow of the current vehicle is shortened;
2. the assembly welding platform can rotate, the welding construction difficulty is greatly reduced, and the original PE (overhead welding) posture with higher welding difficulty is adjusted into PA (flat welding) and PB (fillet welding) with lower welding difficulty;
3. the pressing mechanism of the assembly welding platform is matched with a process aluminum plate (a supporting cushion block), welding parameters and a welding sequence are controlled, welding deformation is prevented, welding quality is improved, and repair is reduced;
4. the positioning holes (positioning pins) on the assembly welding platform and the auxiliary mistake-proofing explorator can effectively prevent mistakes, realize fool-type assembly, ensure that the assembly of parts is correct, avoid reworking and obviously improve the production efficiency.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1: the invention discloses a welding platform overall structure schematic diagram;
FIG. 2: the invention relates to a front view of a welding platform;
FIG. 3: the invention discloses a top view of a welding platform;
FIG. 4: the invention discloses a structural schematic diagram of a base plate of a positioning and fixing device in a welding device;
FIG. 5: the invention discloses a structural schematic diagram of a turnover limiting block in a welding device;
FIG. 6: the invention discloses a state schematic diagram of a fixed mounting plate in a vehicle-end shock absorber seat assembly welding process;
FIG. 7: the invention relates to a schematic diagram of a state of a fixed mounting beam in an assembly welding process of a vehicle-end shock absorber seat;
FIG. 8: the invention relates to a state schematic diagram of a beam fixedly installed in the assembly welding process of a vehicle-end shock absorber seat;
FIG. 9: the invention discloses a schematic diagram of a preassembly state of a shock absorber seat in an assembly welding process of a vehicle-end shock absorber seat;
FIG. 10: the invention discloses a schematic diagram of the overturning state of a preassembly damper seat in a vehicle-end damper seat assembly welding process, which comprises the following steps:
FIG. 11: the invention discloses a schematic diagram of the rotation state of a pre-assembled shock absorber seat in the assembly welding process of a vehicle-end shock absorber seat;
FIG. 12: the invention relates to a schematic mounting diagram of a supporting cushion block in a vehicle-end shock absorber seat assembly welding process;
FIG. 13: the invention discloses a K-shaped welding seam schematic diagram between a mounting plate and a mounting beam in the assembly welding process of a vehicle-end shock absorber seat;
FIG. 14: the invention relates to an auxiliary explorator structure schematic diagram in the assembly welding process of a vehicle-end shock absorber seat;
FIG. 15: the invention relates to a welding control parameter in the assembly welding process of a vehicle-end shock absorber seat;
in the figure: the device comprises an operating table 1, a rotating device 2, a positioning fixing device 3, a pressing device 4, a rotary pressing plate 5, a rotating shaft 6, a turning limiting block 7, a hinge 8, a bottom plate seat 9, a limiting block 10, a positioning pin 11, a positioning shaft 12, a nylon pressing plate 13, a mounting plate 14, a mounting beam 15, a mounting cross beam 16, a high-pressure tight seat 17, a low-pressure tight seat 18, a pressing head 19, a platform support 20, a storage plate 21, a turning handle 22, a lifting ring 23, a supporting cushion block 24 and an error-proofing auxiliary explorator 25.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and detailed description.
The invention provides a group welding device, which comprises a positioning and fixing device 3, a pressing device 4 and a rotating device 2, wherein:
a positioning and fixing device 3 for positioning and fixing the bottom plate;
the pressing device 4 is used for pressing each part to be welded with the bottom plate respectively and pre-assembling the parts to be welded into a workpiece to be welded;
and the rotating device is connected with the positioning and fixing device 3 and drives the workpiece to be welded or the workpiece to be welded after primary welding to rotate, so that the assembly welding operation is facilitated.
In this embodiment, an assembly welding device, a platform and a corresponding assembly welding process provided by the present invention are described by taking an assembly welding of a rail vehicle end damper base as an example.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the assembly welding platform comprises an operation table 1, the bottom of the operation table 1 is supported by a platform support 20, the platform support 20 is of a cuboid frame structure, one or more storage plates 21 can be arranged inside the frame, a required tool is arranged in the process of rotating assembly welding operation, a workpiece is to be welded, and the like, rollers are arranged at four corners of the bottom of the platform support 20 respectively, so that the whole device can be moved conveniently, the convenience of welding operation is improved, and the working efficiency is improved. One or more assembly welding devices are fixedly arranged on the top surface of the operating platform 1, and the assembly welding devices can be independently operated without mutual interference, so that the utilization rate of the operating platform 1 is improved, and the operating space is reduced.
The assembly welding device comprises a positioning fixing device 3, a pressing device 4 and a rotating device 2, wherein the positioning fixing device 3 comprises a bottom plate seat 9, as shown in fig. 1, fig. 4 and fig. 6, the bottom plate seat 9 is of a U-shaped structure generally, the width of a left end vertical plate is larger than that of a right end vertical plate (the position shown in fig. 4), a positioning pin 11 is arranged at the upper middle part of the left end vertical plate, a positioning shaft 12 is arranged at the upper part of the right end, the two positioning pins 11 can be opposite to any screw hole at the end part of a mounting plate 14 of the vibration damper seat respectively, during use, the positioning pin 11 can be inserted into the corresponding screw hole of the mounting plate 14, and the relative position of the mounting plate 14 on the bottom plate seat 9 is preliminarily positioned. The positioning shaft 12 is opposite to the shaft hole at the central position of the mounting plate 14, and the positioning shaft 12 penetrates through the shaft hole of the mounting plate 14 and is matched with the positioning pin 11 to further accurately position the mounting plate 14. In the present embodiment, the two positioning pins 11 and the positioning shaft 12 cooperate to achieve precise positioning of the mounting plate 14 on the base plate 9. In order to prevent the positioned mounting plate 14 from being separated from the positioning limit, in the embodiment, the positioning and fixing device 3 further comprises a locking member for further fastening the positioned mounting plate 14 on the base plate seat 9. The retaining member can adopt a structure which is common in the prior art, such as a rotatable retaining member, the retaining member can be rotatably connected with the bottom plate seat 9, when fastening is needed, a clamping part of the retaining member is rotated above the mounting plate 14 and is in lap joint with the mounting plate 14, and the mounting plate 14 is clamped on the bottom plate seat 9. Or the mounting plate 14 and the bottom plate seat 9 are fastened together by bolts through the existing screw holes on the mounting plate 14. In this embodiment, the fastening member includes a nylon pressing plate 13, a slot hole for the positioning shaft 12 to pass through is provided on the nylon pressing plate 13, the slot hole includes a circular hole-shaped through slot and a strip-shaped narrow slot opening which are communicated, the width of the narrow slot opening is the same as or slightly larger than the diameter of the positioning shaft 12, but the positioning shaft 12 slides towards the narrow slot opening after being inserted from the through slot. The positioning shaft 12 slides into the bottom end of the narrow notch and is fastened with the nylon pressing plate 13 through a nut. Or the top end of the positioning shaft 12 is an expanding head, the diameter of the expanding head is larger than the width of the narrow notch and smaller than the diameter of the through groove, the positioning shaft slides into the bottom end of the through groove, the bottom of the expanding head is abutted against the top surface of the nylon pressing plate 13, and the nylon pressing plate 13, the mounting plate 14 and the bottom plate seat 9 are fastened into a whole. The expanding head can be a sphere or a hemisphere or any other structure, and can be compressed and fixed.
The periphery of bottom plate seat 9 sets up one or polylith stopper 10, and the size of each stopper 10 can be according to wanting spacing structure different and different, as shown in figure 1, the stopper 10 that is provided with in bottom plate seat 9 front side for inject the position of bottom plate seat 9 on operation panel 1, prevent to remove, in the U type inslot area of bottom plate seat 9, set up another stopper 10, the length direction of stopper 10 is parallel with the length direction of right side riser. The right side end of the mounting plate 14 after positioning and fastening is abutted against one side of the top of the limiting block 10, and the other side of the top of the limiting block 10 is abutted against the bottom of the mounting cross beam 16 to prevent the mounting cross beam 16 from being borrowed in the pre-assembling process. The width of bottom plate seat 9 is less than the width of mounting panel 14, and the rear end of mounting panel 14 carries out spacing support through another stopper 10, and in this embodiment, 14 rear ends of mounting panel set up two stoppers 10, and the interval sets up, carries out spacing support with the bottom both ends of waiting the installation roof beam 15 of organizing in advance to the both ends of mounting panel 14 rear end respectively.
The shock absorber seat comprises an installation plate 14, an installation beam 15 and an installation beam 16, wherein after the installation plate 14 is positioned and fastened with the positioning and fixing device 3, the installation beam 15 and the installation beam 16 are respectively pre-assembled and fixed with the installation plate 14. In order to ensure the pre-assembling effect, the mounting beam 15 and the mounting beam 16 are pressed against the mounting plate 14 by the pressing device 4, in this embodiment, the pressing device 4 includes pressing heads 19 and drivers for driving the pressing heads 19 to act, each driver can drive one or more pressing heads 19 to act synchronously, and the mounting beam 15 or the mounting beam 16 and the mounting plate 14 are respectively pressed and pre-assembled. As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 6 to 9, the mounting beam 16 is substantially U-shaped, the opening direction of the U-shape faces away from the mounting plate 14, the bottom wall of the U-shape is perpendicular to the operation table 1, the two side walls are parallel to the operation table 1, the left end of the side wall of the bottom is overlapped with the other side (the side where the mounting plate 14 is not overlapped) of the stopper 10, the right end is overlapped by the top surface of the right riser of the bottom seat 9, and the mounting beam 16 is stably placed on the operation table 1 (the bottom seat 9). The pressing device 4 corresponding to the mounting beam 16 is supported and fixed by the high-pressure fastening seat 17, and an output shaft of the driver penetrates through a through hole in the upper part of the high-pressure fastening seat 17 and then is connected with the pressing head 19 to drive the pressing head 19 to stretch. The middle upper end of the rear part of the mounting cross beam 16 and the mounting beam 15 are pressed by the pressing head 19. The bottom of the high-pressure fastening seat 17 is fixed with the right vertical plate of the bottom plate seat 9 through screws.
As shown in fig. 7, the mounting beam 15 is substantially inverted L-shaped in cross section, and the right side end of the top transverse wall abuts against the left side of the U-shaped bottom wall of the mounting beam 16, and as mentioned above, are pressed against each other by the pressing head 19 on the high-pressure seat 17. Two pressing heads 19 supported and fixed by a low-tension seat 18 are provided on the rear side of the mounting beam 16, and press the left and right ends of the lower portion of the mounting beam 15 and the rear end of the mounting plate 14 together. In the present embodiment, the mounting beam 15 is pressed by two pressing heads 19, and in practical applications, the number of the pressing heads 19 is set as required. Further, the pressing device at the mounting beam 15 comprises 4 pressing heads 19, the pressing device is fixedly supported by the pressing frame, two pressing heads 19 are arranged at the bottom of the pressing frame, the pressing heads 19 face the rear side wall of the mounting beam 15, the top of the pressing frame is provided with a reversible pressing beam, the two pressing heads 19 are fixed on the pressing beam, in a normal state, the pressing heads 19 on the pressing beam face upwards, when pressing is needed, the pressing beam drives the pressing heads 19 to turn forwards, so that the pressing heads 19 face towards the middle, under the action of a driver, the tops of the top transverse wall of the mounting beam 15 and the top of the top side wall of the mounting beam 16 are respectively pressed, and the mounting beam 15 and the mounting beam 16 are simultaneously pressed together with the corresponding limiting blocks 10. The two pressing devices 4 are used for realizing the pressing of the mounting plate 14, the mounting beam 15 and the mounting cross beam 16 to form a pre-assembly of the shock absorber seat, so that the subsequent spot welding pre-assembly is facilitated.
As shown in fig. 9, the damper seat is formed by welding and fixing three plate beams to each other to form a three-sided closed and three-door open structure, wherein the open end faces an operator, so that spot welding or full welding operation can be conveniently carried out on the inner side (the side facing the operator) of the joint of the three plate beams, such as round black spots shown in fig. 9, which are positioning spot welding spots. And the outside of the junction of three plate girders is because of being faced away from the operator, inconvenient to carry on the welding operation, therefore, in this embodiment, still include the rotary mechanism 2 that can drive the rotatory adjustment position of the shock absorber seat after the pre-assembly, the rotary mechanism 2 can be the axis of rotation, set up between bedplate seat 9 and operation panel 1, make bedplate seat 9 drive the shock absorber seat pre-assembly after the spot welding is fixed to rotate for operation panel 1, make the back that does not carry on the welding turn to the operator, need not the operator to change the position and can carry on the welding operation.
In this embodiment, the bottom surfaces of the three plate beams are welded, and therefore, the bottom of the pre-assembly after spot welding is turned upward to perform the welding operation. As shown in fig. 1, 10 and 11, the rotating device 2 includes a rotating plate 5, the rotating plate 5 is fixed to the operation table 1 at a central position thereof by a rotating shaft 6, and a sleeve is fitted around the rotating shaft 6 and fixed to the rotating plate 5 so that the rotating plate 5 can freely rotate along the rotating shaft 6. The rotating plate 5 is arranged on the right side of the bottom plate seat 9, the bottom plate seat 9 and the rotating plate 5 are connected through a hinge 8, or the bottom plate seat 9 and the rotating plate 5 are connected through other overturning parts, so that the bottom plate seat 9 can overturn along the connecting point. At the left side of rotor plate 5, set up upset stopper 7, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 5, upset stopper 7 is the rectangular block, and one side towards bottom plate seat 9 sets up the side cut processing of slope form from last to bottom, makes the left side terminal surface of upset stopper 7 be the inclined plane, and the angle that bottom plate seat 9 overturns right is injectd by upset stopper 7 to provide the support to bottom plate seat 9. In order to turn the base plate seat 9 conveniently, a turning handle 22 is arranged on the base plate seat 9, and the base plate seat 9 is driven to turn by lifting the turning handle 22. In order to prevent the automatic reset of the inverted base plate 9, an anti-inversion locking member may be disposed between the base plate 9 and the rotating plate 5, as shown in fig. 10, in this embodiment, the anti-inversion locking member includes two rings 23 respectively disposed on the rotating plate 5 and the base plate 9, and two ends of the elastic locking member are respectively connected to the two rings 23, so that the inverted base plate 9 and the rotating plate 5 are connected together to prevent the reverse inversion reset.
When the assembly welding operation of the vehicle-end damper seat is performed, as shown in fig. 6, the mounting plate 14 is placed on the bottom plate seat 9 with the counter bore facing downward, the positioning pin 11 is inserted into the corresponding screw hole (counter bore), the positioning shaft 12 is inserted into the shaft hole of the mounting plate 14, and the counter bore and the shaft hole have uniqueness, so that the error can be effectively prevented, and the mounting plate 14 is positioned on the bottom plate seat 9; the nylon pressing plate 13 is sleeved into the positioning shaft, the nylon pressing plate 13 is pushed, the positioning shaft 12 moves to the bottom of the notch along the direction of the narrow notch, and the mounting plate 14 is fixed on the bottom plate seat 9 through a locking nut or a reducing head.
As shown in fig. 7, the mounting beam 15 is placed on top of the stopper 10 at the rear of the mounting plate 14, the right side end of the mounting beam 15 is flush with the right side end of the mounting plate 14, the mounting beam 15 is placed in alignment at a pre-assembly position, the pressing device 4 is driven, and the mounting beam 15 and the mounting plate 14 are pre-assembled through the pressing head 19; as shown in fig. 8, the bottom of the mounting beam 15 is placed on the top of the limiting block 10 on the right side of the mounting plate 14, the rear side surface of the mounting beam 15 is flush with the rear end surface of the mounting plate 14, or flush with the rear end surface of the mounting beam 15, the right end surface of the top beam of the mounting beam 15 is flush with the top surface of the side wall of the top of the mounting beam, the pressing device 4 is driven, the mounting beam 16 is pre-assembled with the mounting beam 15 and the mounting plate 14 by using the pressing head 19, three plate beams are pre-assembled into a pre-assembly of the damper base under the action of the pressing head 19 and the base plate base 9, the thickness of the limiting block 10 is the same as that of the base plate base 9, and the bottom surfaces of the mounting beam 15 and the mounting beam 16 can be flush with the bottom surface of the mounting plate 14.
According to design requirements, the joints of the plates of the pre-assembled damper base are positioned by spot welding, and the full-welding operation can be performed on the parts which are convenient for the welding operation if necessary. Before the tack welding/all-welding operation, in order to prevent welding deformation, as shown in fig. 12, two supporting cushion blocks 24 are placed on the base plate seat 9, the two supporting cushion blocks 24 are fixed to each other in an L shape, one is parallel to the mounting beam 16, the other is parallel to the mounting beam 15, one end of one supporting cushion block 24 parallel to the mounting beam 16 abuts against the mounting beam 15, the other end abuts against or is fixed to the other supporting cushion block 24, the right end of the supporting cushion block 24 parallel to the mounting beam 15 abuts against the mounting beam 16, the two supporting cushion blocks 24 effectively support and limit the non-pressed end of the mounting beam 15 and the mounting beam 16, deformation of the mounting beam 15 and the mounting beam 16 in the welding operation is prevented, and in order to prevent the supporting cushion block 24 from falling off in the overturning process, spot welding fixation can be performed as shown by black dots in fig. 12.
After the tack welding and/or the local full welding are completed, the overturning handle 22 is tightly held, the shock absorber after the spot welding and/or the local full welding is driven by the bottom plate seat 9 to overturn rightwards, as shown in fig. 10, the overturning angle is limited by the overturning limiting block 5, the elastic lock catch is connected with the lifting ring 23, mechanical locking is realized, when an operator is prevented from mistakenly colliding, the bottom plate seat 9 (with the pre-assembly) is reversely overturned and reset, unnecessary crushing is caused, and the production safety is ensured. As shown in fig. 11, the rotating plate 5 is rotated to rotate the base plate 9 and the pre-assembly of the spot-welded/all-welded damper seat thereon, the welded bottom surface is rotated to the front of the operator, and the assembly welding operation is performed on the joints of the bottoms of the three plate beams, and if necessary, the spot welding operation is performed on the circular points of the joints of the plate beams in fig. 11, and the orientation of the pre-assembly is adjusted to perform the assembly welding operation on the outer sides of the joints of the mounting beams 15 and 16 in the same manner. As shown in fig. 11, a hollow area is formed in the left vertical plate of the base plate 11, the joint between the support pad 24 and the mounting plate 14 is located in the hollow area, and the support pad 24 and the mounting plate 14 are welded in the hollow area; the joints of the mounting plate 14 and the mounting beam 16 are located in a U-shaped empty groove of the base plate seat 9, welding operation is carried out at the empty groove, and the joints of the mounting plate 14, the mounting beam 15, the mounting plate 14 and the other supporting cushion block 24 are all located on the outer side of the base plate seat 9, so that the situation that the base plate seat 9 shields the joints of the plates and the welding operation is influenced is avoided. The high-pressure tight seat 17 is arranged on the bottom plate seat 9, and when the bottom plate seat 9 is turned over, the pressing head 19 at the high-pressure tight seat 17 is still in a pressing state, so that the deformation of the pre-assembly is prevented.
When spot welding (tack welding) or partial full welding operation is performed, the surface of the region to be welded of the mother material is required to be free of attachments and pollutants, such as: dirt, rust, scaling, corrosives, oil and paint, and surface attachments must first be removed before welding can be cleaned to prevent weld defects. The length of each section of welding seam of the tack welding is (10-15) mm. After the positioning welding, impurities such as black ash, welding slag, splashing and the like are removed, and the metallic luster is exposed. Then, formally welding the welding line of the pre-assembly, welding the welding line of the inner side and the welding line of the outer side in sequence, wherein the welding temperature is not lower than 8 ℃, the relative humidity is below 80%, and welding operation and corresponding parameter control are carried out according to a set sequence:
the K-shaped groove weld between the mounting plate 14 and the mounting beam 15 is a key weld, the penetration depth of two sides is required to be 8mm, and the inner side is a5 weld leg. MIG welding (metal inert gas welding, code 131) is adopted in the welding process, the protective gas is 99.999% Ar (high-purity argon), the grade of the welding wire is ER5356, the diameter of the welding wire is 1.2mm, and the welding current, the arc voltage and the welding speed are shown in figure 15.
The welding seam is multilayer multi-pass welding (5 passes), and the welding positions (welding postures) are respectively PA (flat welding, welding passes 1-2, 4-5) + PB (flat fillet welding, welding pass 3).
During 5 welding, cleaning tools (a straight handle mold grinding machine and a stainless steel pen brush) are needed to clean black dust, oxide films, splashes and the like among all layers, and when the welding line is too convex or poor in forming, finishing tools (a straight handle mold grinding machine and a pen-shaped milling cutter) are needed to grind the welding line, so that the welding line is smoothly transited. The back-weld defect needs to be completely removed by using a finishing tool (a straight shank mold grinding machine and a pen-shaped milling cutter) for back gouging, and the groove machining depth needs to be uniform and the straightness of the edge of the machined surface groove needs to be good during back gouging.
According to the welding parameters and the sequence, the welding execution can effectively control the heat input quantity and the welding deformation quantity, and the welding quality is ensured.
After the assembly welding is finished, polishing after welding a welding line: the polishing direction of the welding seam is perpendicular to the welding seam, the feeding direction of the grinding processing is opposite to the welding direction during welding, and the welding seam and the base metal are in smooth transition after polishing so as to avoid damaging the base metal. The grinding range of the welding seam is controlled within 35mm of a fusion line at two sides of the surface of the welding seam. For welding defects (such as splashing, welding beading, undercut, excessive height, poor fusion, air holes, cracks and the like) which do not meet the requirements of drawings, a rough grinding tool (a straight shank angle grinder + 125-kilo-blade grinding disc) is matched with a finishing tool (a straight shank mold grinder + a pen-shaped milling cutter) for grinding to eliminate the defects.
And after welding is finished, removing sundries such as black ash, welding slag, splashing and the like, exposing metallic luster, and carrying out PT flaw detection according to a drawing. And a leveling ruler and a feeler gauge are used for measuring the flatness of the mounting surface of the bracket, and the flatness is not more than 0.5 mm.
The spot-welded/all-welded damper subassemblies are assembled as integral components (modules) at four angular positions of the vehicle body underframe frame. The structure of the vehicle-end shock absorber seats at four corners of the bottom of the vehicle body is similar, the left side and the right side are in a mirror image relationship, and in order to avoid assembly errors when the shock absorber seats are installed with the chassis of the vehicle body, the invention further provides an error-proof auxiliary explorator 25 shown in figure 14 according to the installation relationship of the installation bottom plate, the installation beam and the installation cross beam and by combining the mutual relationship among three processing holes on the installation plate 14, which is used for error-proof confirmation before the whole pre-assembly is ground, installed and welded and avoids unqualified products generated by the existing vehicle. The mistake proofing auxiliary explorator 25 comprises a bottom plate, a large cylinder and two small cylinders, wherein the large cylinder and the two small cylinders are arranged on the bottom plate, a movable clamping plate vertical to the large cylinder is further arranged on the bottom plate, before the installation, the three cylinders are respectively inserted into three processing eyelets of the installation plate 14, the movable clamping plate is attached to the side portion of the installation beam 15, and the installation can be guaranteed to be correct.
In this embodiment, taking the assembly (assembly welding) process of the car end damper seat as an example, a welding device and a welding platform used in the assembly process are introduced, in practical application, the welding device and the platform are also used for the assembly and welding operation of a multi-plate beam structure, a relatively flat plate beam in the plate beam structure is used as a bottom plate, and is positioned and fixed with the bottom plate seat 9, and the position of each pressing device 4, the height of the pressing head 19 and the pressing direction are determined according to the relative relationship between other plate beams and the bottom plate, so as to further expand the application range, the top surface of the bottom plate seat 9 can be adaptively changed according to the structural form of the bottom plate, and the structure and the position of each positioning pin 11 and the positioning shaft can also be changed correspondingly. The adaptation of the welding device to the constructional characteristics of the product to be pre-assembled is likewise within the scope of protection of the invention and should not be considered as limiting the invention from the foregoing.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the assembly welding device, the platform and the assembly process of the vehicle-end damper seat provided by the invention have the following technical advantages:
1. the method for pre-assembling the parts under the vehicle is provided, then the pre-assembled parts are taken as a whole and are assembled and welded on the underframe of the rail transit vehicle, and the assembly of the vehicle-end shock absorber seat is optimized from a serial main flow construction process to a parallel sub-flow construction process, so that the construction period of the main flow of the current vehicle is shortened;
2. the assembly welding platform can rotate, the welding construction difficulty is greatly reduced, and the original PE (overhead welding) posture with higher welding difficulty is adjusted into PA (flat welding) and PB (fillet welding) with lower welding difficulty;
3. the pressing mechanism of the assembly welding platform is matched with a process aluminum plate (a supporting cushion block), welding parameters and a welding sequence are controlled, welding deformation is prevented, welding quality is improved, and repair is reduced;
4. the positioning holes (positioning pins) and the auxiliary error-proofing explorator on the assembly welding platform can effectively prevent errors,
realizes the 'fool' assembly, ensures the assembly of parts to be correct and error-free, avoids reworking,
production efficiency is obviously improved.
Similar solutions can be derived as described above in connection with the given solution content. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An assembly welding device, its characterized in that: comprises a positioning and fixing device, a pressing device and a rotating device, wherein,
the positioning and fixing device is used for positioning and fixing the bottom plate;
the pressing device is used for pressing each part to be welded with the bottom plate respectively and pre-assembling the parts to be welded into a workpiece to be welded; and the rotating device and the positioning and fixing device drive the workpiece to be welded or the workpiece to be welded after primary welding to rotate, so that the assembly welding operation is facilitated.
2. A group welding apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: the positioning and fixing device comprises a fixing plate, wherein a mistake-proofing positioning pin and/or a positioning shaft are/is fixedly arranged on the fixing plate, the positioning pin is inserted into a screw hole in the bottom plate, the positioning shaft is inserted into a shaft hole in the bottom plate, and the pressing plate is fixed with the end part of the positioning shaft after passing through the bottom plate.
3. A group welding apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: the welding fixture further comprises a supporting cushion block which is matched with the workpiece to be welded to prevent welding deformation.
4. A group welding apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pressing devices are in a plurality of groups and respectively comprise pressing heads and drivers for driving the pressing heads to act to fix the parts to be welded mutually.
5. A group welding device according to any of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: the end of the positioning and fixing device is connected with the end of the rotating device through a foldable part, and the positioning and fixing device can be turned over relative to the rotating device.
6. A group welding device according to claim 5, characterized in that: the rotating device comprises a limiting block for limiting the turning angle of the positioning and fixing device.
7. A welding platform, comprising: comprising an operating station on which one or more assembly welding devices according to any one of claims 1 to 7 are arranged.
8. The assembly process of the vehicle-end shock absorber seat is characterized by comprising the following steps: the shock absorber base mounting plate is positioned on the operating platform by the positioning and fixing device and is fastened with the positioning and fixing device; respectively placing the mounting beam and the mounting beam on corresponding pre-assembly positions, and pre-assembling the mounting beam, the mounting beam and the mounting plate into a damper base to be welded through a pressing device; carrying out spot welding and/or local assembly welding on the pre-assembled shock absorber seat; the pre-assembled damper seat after spot welding and/or local assembly welding is driven by a rotating device to adjust the direction and is completely assembled and welded into the damper seat.
9. The assembly process of a vehicle end damper seat according to claim 8, wherein: the positioning and fixing device comprises a positioning shaft, a narrow slot and a through hole which are communicated are formed in the press mounting plate, the positioning shaft penetrates through the shaft hole of the mounting plate and then is inserted into the through hole, then slides into the narrow slot, and is fixed with the press mounting plate, so that the mounting plate and the positioning and fixing device are fixed together.
10. The assembly process of a vehicle end damper seat according to claim 8, wherein: one end of the positioning and fixing device is connected with the rotating device through the overturning part, after spot welding and/or local assembly welding is completed, the positioning and fixing device drives the seat of the pre-assembly aging history after spot welding and/or local assembly welding to overturn and rotate under the driving of the rotating device, and comprehensive assembly welding operation is completed from various angles.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111203846.1A CN114161070A (en) | 2021-10-15 | 2021-10-15 | Assembly welding device, platform and assembly process of vehicle-end vibration damper seat |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111203846.1A CN114161070A (en) | 2021-10-15 | 2021-10-15 | Assembly welding device, platform and assembly process of vehicle-end vibration damper seat |
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| CN114161070A true CN114161070A (en) | 2022-03-11 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202111203846.1A Pending CN114161070A (en) | 2021-10-15 | 2021-10-15 | Assembly welding device, platform and assembly process of vehicle-end vibration damper seat |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108274182A (en) * | 2018-03-05 | 2018-07-13 | 中车株洲电力机车有限公司 | A kind of overturning tooling for the weldering of vehicle body bottom frame group |
| KR101896093B1 (en) * | 2017-08-12 | 2018-09-06 | 이정환 | Welding jig apparatus having 3-way clamp of rotation type |
| CN112453803A (en) * | 2020-11-26 | 2021-03-09 | 中车洛阳机车有限公司 | Assembly tool for parts of shock absorber bearing of bogie frame |
| CN214024306U (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-08-24 | 安徽雷尔伟交通装备有限公司 | APM car suspension support assembly welding frock |
| CN214350429U (en) * | 2021-01-04 | 2021-10-08 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | Flexible anti-deformation device for plate-shaped beam assembly welding |
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2021
- 2021-10-15 CN CN202111203846.1A patent/CN114161070A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101896093B1 (en) * | 2017-08-12 | 2018-09-06 | 이정환 | Welding jig apparatus having 3-way clamp of rotation type |
| CN108274182A (en) * | 2018-03-05 | 2018-07-13 | 中车株洲电力机车有限公司 | A kind of overturning tooling for the weldering of vehicle body bottom frame group |
| CN112453803A (en) * | 2020-11-26 | 2021-03-09 | 中车洛阳机车有限公司 | Assembly tool for parts of shock absorber bearing of bogie frame |
| CN214024306U (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-08-24 | 安徽雷尔伟交通装备有限公司 | APM car suspension support assembly welding frock |
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