CN114160899B - Manufacturing method of cast aluminum engine piston component - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of cast aluminum engine piston component Download PDFInfo
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- CN114160899B CN114160899B CN202111557548.2A CN202111557548A CN114160899B CN 114160899 B CN114160899 B CN 114160899B CN 202111557548 A CN202111557548 A CN 202111557548A CN 114160899 B CN114160899 B CN 114160899B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/0008—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering specially adapted for particular articles or work
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a manufacturing method of a cast aluminum engine piston part, which specifically comprises the following steps: ceramic block is i 3 N 4 Or partially stabilized zirconia PSZ is processed according to irregular shape of cast aluminum piston (aluminum silicon alloy or aluminum copper alloy) top, and then surface is processedPerforming pre-metallization treatment; manufacturing an intermediate transition layer according to the irregular shape of the top of the cast aluminum piston, matching with ceramic and the piston, and reserving a brazing filler metal filling gap; filling different solders between the ceramic and the middle transition layer respectively, and connecting the middle layer with the top of the cast aluminum piston respectively through brazing; and (5) performing heat treatment on the piston after welding to eliminate residual stress. The manufacturing method of the cast aluminum engine piston component has the advantages of firm weld joint, high thermal shock resistance, no crack of ceramic and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a manufacturing method of a cast aluminum engine piston part, and belongs to the field of engine part manufacturing.
Background
The piston is a reciprocating member in the engine block. The basic structure of the piston can be divided into a top, a head and a skirt. The piston crown is the main part that constitutes the combustion chamber, the shape of which is dependent on the combustion chamber form selected. The gasoline engine mostly adopts flat top pistons, and has the advantage of small heat absorption area. The piston crown of a diesel engine often has a variety of pockets that must be shaped, positioned and sized to accommodate the combustion requirements of the mixture formation and combustion of the diesel engine. The piston works under the conditions of high temperature, high pressure, high speed and poor lubrication. The piston is directly contacted with high-temperature gas, the instantaneous temperature can reach more than 2500K, so that the heating is serious, the heat dissipation condition is poor, the temperature of the piston is high when the piston works, the top is 600-700K, and the temperature distribution is uneven; the top of the piston bears great gas pressure, especially the maximum pressure of the power stroke, so that the piston generates impact and bears the side pressure; the piston reciprocates at a very high speed (8-12 m/s) in the cylinder and the speed is constantly changing, which generates a very large inertial force, subjecting the piston to a very large additional load. The piston operates under such severe conditions, and can deform and accelerate wear, and can also generate additional loads and thermal stresses, as well as being subject to chemical attack by the combustion gases.
The structural ceramic has the characteristics of excellent strength and hardness, high temperature resistance, oxidation resistance, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and the like, and can also show higher stability and good mechanical property under severe working environment and application conditions, so that the ceramic and metal are connected together to manufacture the composite structure, and the composite structure has great application prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a manufacturing method of a cast aluminum engine piston.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
a method for manufacturing the piston component of cast aluminium engine includes such steps as braze welding ceramic with pure copper intermediate layer by silver-copper-indium as brazing filler metal, and connecting copper intermediate layer with cast aluminium piston by aluminium-silicon-copper as brazing filler metal. The method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, processing a ceramic block according to an irregular shape of the top of a cast aluminum piston, and then performing pre-metallization treatment on the surface;
step 2, manufacturing an intermediate transition layer according to the irregular shape of the top of the piston, wherein no obvious dislocation exists between the intermediate transition layer and the ceramic and the piston, and a gap is reserved between the intermediate transition layer and the ceramic;
step 3, filling the brazing filler metal between the ceramic and the intermediate transition layer, tightly matching, and slowly heating in a furnace without obvious dislocation, brazing after the brazing filler metal reaches the welding temperature, preserving heat for a period of time, and then slowly cooling;
step 4, filling the brazing filler metal between the middle layer and the top of the cast aluminum piston, tightly matching, and then putting the brazing filler metal into a furnace for brazing, wherein no obvious dislocation exists;
and 5, performing heat treatment on the piston after welding to eliminate residual stress.
Wherein the ceramic material is Si 3 N 4 Or Partially Stabilized Zirconia (PSZ), cast aluminum is aluminum-silicon alloy or aluminum-copper alloy; the welding method is that the brazing is performed under the protection of inert gases such as a vacuum chamber or argon;
in the step 1, the pre-metallization treatment is electroless nickel plating;
in the step 2, the intermediate transition layer is pure copper;
in the step 3, the brazing filler metal is silver copper indium, and the shape of the brazing filler metal is powder or foil;
wherein in the step 3, the gradual rise curve is that firstly, the temperature is raised to 480-500 ℃ at 5-8 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 10-20min, and then the temperature is raised to 740-760 ℃ at 3-5 ℃/min; the slow-falling curve is that cooling to 450-550 ℃ at 1.5-2.5 ℃/min and then air cooling.
Wherein, in the step 4, the temperature is raised to 380-400 ℃ at 8-10 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 10-20min, then the temperature is raised to 580-620 ℃ at 5-8 ℃/min, and the temperature is lowered to 350-450 ℃ at 2-5 ℃/min, and then the temperature is cooled by air.
In the step 4, the brazing filler metal is aluminum silicon magnesium, and the shape of the brazing filler metal is powder or foil;
in the step 5, the heat treatment process is low-temperature annealing heat treatment, the temperature is raised at the speed of 1.5-2.5 ℃/min, the furnace is charged when the furnace temperature is lower than 300 ℃, the temperature is continuously raised to 500-550 ℃, the temperature is kept for 2-4 hours, and then the temperature is lowered to 300 ℃ at the speed of 1.5-2.5 ℃/min, and then the air cooling is performed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the remarkable advantages that:
1. the ceramic used in the invention is not easy to crack;
2. the invention improves the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the cast aluminum piston;
3. the invention improves the thermal shock resistance of the cast aluminum piston;
4. the invention improves the lubricity, cold and hot impact resistance and deformation resistance;
5. the invention has high thermal fatigue strength and hardness;
6. the invention improves the service life and the fuel efficiency of the engine.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the present invention. Wherein 1 is a cast aluminum piston, 2 is ceramic, 3 is a ceramic nickel plating layer, 4 is a silver copper indium brazing filler metal seam, 5 is a copper intermediate layer, and 6 is an aluminum silicon magnesium brazing filler metal seam.
Fig. 3 is an assembly view before welding.
Fig. 4 is an assembly view before welding and an external view after welding.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to examples:
example 1
The base material is aluminum-silicon casting aluminum alloy, the size is 110mm in diameter and 110mm in height. The silicon nitride block has a diameter of 100mm and a thickness of 10mm.
Step 1, si is reacted with 3 N 4 The ceramic is processed according to the irregular shape of the top of the piston, and then the surface is subjected to chemical nickel plating;
step 2, manufacturing a pure copper intermediate transition layer according to the irregular shape of the top of the piston, wherein no obvious dislocation exists between the pure copper intermediate transition layer and the ceramic and the piston, and a gap is reserved between the pure copper intermediate transition layer and the ceramic;
step 3, filling silver-copper-indium brazing filler metal between the ceramic and the copper intermediate layer, tightly matching, and having no obvious dislocation, then putting the brazing filler metal into a furnace, slowly heating to 500 ℃ at 3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 10min, then heating to 760 ℃ at 3 ℃/min for brazing, preserving heat for 25min, then cooling to 500 ℃ at 2 ℃/min, and then air-cooling;
step 4, filling aluminum-silicon-magnesium brazing filler metal between the copper intermediate layer and the top of the cast aluminum piston, tightly matching, having no obvious dislocation, then placing the aluminum-silicon-magnesium brazing filler metal into a furnace, heating to 400 ℃ at 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 10min, heating to 600 ℃ at 5 ℃/min for brazing, preserving heat for 20min, cooling to 400 ℃ at 3 ℃/min, and then air-cooling;
and 5, performing low-temperature annealing heat treatment on the piston after welding, heating at a speed of 2 ℃/min, charging the piston into a furnace when the furnace temperature is lower than 300 ℃, continuously heating to 500 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, and cooling to 300 ℃ at a speed of 2 ℃/min and then performing air cooling.
And step 6, carrying out a thermal cycle test on the silicon nitride ceramic and the cast aluminum joint for 200 times, wherein no cracks are found.
Example 2
The base material is aluminum copper casting aluminum alloy, the size is 110mm in diameter and 110mm in height. The PSZ block size is 100mm in diameter and 10mm in thickness.
Step 1, processing PSZ ceramic according to an irregular shape of the top of a piston, and then carrying out chemical nickel plating on the surface;
step 2, manufacturing a pure copper intermediate transition layer according to the irregular shape of the top of the piston, wherein no obvious dislocation exists between the pure copper intermediate transition layer and the ceramic and the piston, and a gap is reserved between the pure copper intermediate transition layer and the ceramic;
step 3, filling silver-copper-indium brazing filler metal between the ceramic and the copper intermediate layer, tightly matching, and having no obvious dislocation, then putting the brazing filler metal into a furnace, slowly heating to 500 ℃ at 3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 10min, then heating to 760 ℃ at 3 ℃/min for brazing, preserving heat for 25min, then cooling to 500 ℃ at 2 ℃/min, and then air-cooling;
step 4, filling aluminum-silicon-magnesium brazing filler metal between the copper intermediate layer and the top of the cast aluminum piston, tightly matching, having no obvious dislocation, then placing the aluminum-silicon-magnesium brazing filler metal into a furnace, heating to 400 ℃ at 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 10min, heating to 600 ℃ at 5 ℃/min for brazing, preserving heat for 20min, cooling to 400 ℃ at 3 ℃/min, and then air-cooling;
and 5, performing low-temperature annealing heat treatment on the piston after welding, heating at a speed of 2 ℃/min, charging the piston into a furnace when the furnace temperature is lower than 300 ℃, continuously heating to 500 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, and cooling to 300 ℃ at a speed of 2 ℃/min and then performing air cooling.
And step 6, carrying out a thermal cycle test on the PSZ ceramic and the cast aluminum joint for 200 times, and finding no cracks.
Claims (6)
1. A method of manufacturing a cast aluminum engine piston component, characterized by the steps of:
step 1, processing a ceramic block according to an irregular shape of the top of a piston, and then performing pre-metallization treatment on the surface;
step 2, manufacturing an intermediate transition layer according to the irregular shape of the top of the piston, wherein no obvious dislocation exists between the intermediate transition layer and the ceramic and the piston, and a gap is reserved between the intermediate transition layer and the ceramic;
step 3, filling the brazing filler metal between the ceramic and the intermediate transition layer, tightly matching, and slowly heating in a furnace without obvious dislocation, brazing after the brazing filler metal reaches the welding temperature, preserving heat for a period of time, and then slowly cooling; in the step 3, the temperature is slowly raised to 480-500 ℃ at 5-8 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 10-20min, and then the temperature is raised to 700-740 ℃ at 3-5 ℃/min; slowly cooling to 450-550deg.C at 1.5-2.5 deg.C/min, and air cooling;
step 4, filling the brazing filler metal between the middle layer and the top of the cast aluminum piston, tightly matching, slowly heating in a furnace, brazing after the brazing filler metal reaches the welding temperature, preserving the heat for a period of time, and slowly cooling; slowly heating to 380-400 ℃ at 8-10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 10-20min, heating to 580-620 ℃ at 5-8 ℃/min, slowly cooling to 350-450 ℃ at 2-5 ℃/min, and cooling by air;
step 5, performing heat treatment on the piston after welding to eliminate residual stress; the heat treatment process is low temperature annealing heat treatment, firstly raising the temperature at a speed of 1.5-2.5 ℃/min, charging the furnace when the furnace temperature is lower than 300 ℃, continuously raising the temperature to 500-550 ℃, preserving the heat for 2-4 hours, and then cooling the furnace to 300 ℃ at a speed of 1.5-2.5 ℃/min and then cooling the furnace by air.
2. The method of manufacturing a cast aluminum engine piston member according to claim 1, wherein the ceramic material used is Si 3 N 4 Or partially stabilizing zirconia PSZ, wherein the cast aluminum piston material is aluminum silicon alloy or aluminum copper alloy, and the welding method is brazing under the protection of inert gases such as a vacuum chamber or argon gas.
3. The method of manufacturing a cast aluminum engine piston component of claim 1 wherein in step 1, the pre-metallization process is electroless nickel.
4. The method of manufacturing a cast aluminum engine piston assembly as in claim 1, wherein in step 2, the intermediate transition layer is pure copper.
5. The method of manufacturing a cast aluminum engine piston member according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, the brazing filler metal is silver copper indium brazing filler metal in a powder or foil shape.
6. The method of manufacturing a cast aluminum engine piston member according to claim 1, wherein in step 4, the brazing filler metal is aluminum-silicon-magnesium brazing filler metal in a powder or foil shape.
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| CN202111557548.2A CN114160899B (en) | 2021-12-19 | 2021-12-19 | Manufacturing method of cast aluminum engine piston component |
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| CN202111557548.2A CN114160899B (en) | 2021-12-19 | 2021-12-19 | Manufacturing method of cast aluminum engine piston component |
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| CN114160899B true CN114160899B (en) | 2023-06-09 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0660065B2 (en) * | 1991-07-12 | 1994-08-10 | 日本碍子株式会社 | Engine parts |
| CN1228163C (en) * | 2002-08-09 | 2005-11-23 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | High-temp soldering method for aluminium nitride and copper |
| US20130075039A1 (en) * | 2011-09-23 | 2013-03-28 | Edison Welding Institute, Inc. | System for fabricating silicon carbide assemblies |
| JP5915198B2 (en) * | 2012-01-19 | 2016-05-11 | 日本軽金属株式会社 | Surface brazing method of aluminum alloy member and copper alloy member |
| CN105537712A (en) * | 2016-01-28 | 2016-05-04 | 北京航空航天大学 | Ceramic and metal brazing composite component and preparing method thereof |
| CN106475707A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-03-08 | 江苏科技大学 | Solder for soldering aluminium oxide ceramics and oxygen-free copper and preparation and method for welding |
| CN108672965B (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2020-08-28 | 中国工程物理研究院电子工程研究所 | Method for relieving residual stress of ceramic and metal soldered joint |
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