CN114160151B - 一种SnO2/Fe3O4复合纳米催化剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种SnO2/Fe3O4复合纳米催化剂的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011943 nanocatalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- TXUICONDJPYNPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1,10,13-trimethyl-3-oxo-4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl) heptanoate Chemical compound C1CC2CC(=O)C=C(C)C2(C)C2C1C1CCC(OC(=O)CCCCCC)C1(C)CC2 TXUICONDJPYNPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
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- 239000001119 stannous chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910002588 FeOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- LDHBWEYLDHLIBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron(3+);oxygen(2-);hydroxide;hydrate Chemical compound O.[OH-].[O-2].[Fe+3] LDHBWEYLDHLIBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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Abstract
一种SnO2/Fe3O4复合纳米催化剂的制备方法，涉及复合纳米催化剂技术领域，包括前驱体的室温制备和水热反应两个过程，首先，在室温下，将水合氧化铁(FeOOH)粉体加入到氯化亚锡(SnCl2)水溶液中，超声分散后加入适量NaOH，搅拌混合后得到反应前驱体；然后，将上述前驱体转入反应釜中通过水热反应便可获得SnO2/Fe3O4复合纳米催化剂。本发明以氯化亚锡(SnCl2)为还原剂，以普通水合氧化铁(FeOOH)为铁源，通过水热反应成功制备出了SnO2/Fe3O4纳米复合材料，该复合材料具有良好的磁性能和可见光吸收特性，可望用于磁性光学器件制造或污水处理用催化剂等领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及复合纳米催化剂技术领域，具体是涉及一种SnO2/Fe3O4复合纳米催化剂的制备方法。
背景技术
氧化锡(SnO2)是一种N型宽带隙(Eg＝3.6eV)氧化物半导体，具有独特的光、电和传感性能，可广泛应用于太阳能电池、透明电极和气体传感器等领域。通常制备SnO2方法是以Sn4+为原料，采用沉淀法来实现。
众所周知，四氧化三铁(Fe3O4)是一种常见的环境友好的磁性材料，在磁流体、微波吸收、催化剂载体、高级催化氧化、生物医药和生物分离等领域应用广泛。而制备Fe3O4可用Fe3+和Fe2+为原料，采用共沉淀法；也可以Fe3+为单一原料用部分还原法来进行。通常，用于还原Fe3+的还原剂主要有抗坏血酸、柠檬酸钠、酒石酸钠和多元醇等。
当前，有关单独制备SnO2和Fe3O4的报道很多，而有关SnO2/Fe3O4复合纳米材料的研究和报道相对较少。其原因主要是因为，两者晶体结构相差较大(SnO2常为正交结构，Fe3O4立方结构)，因此，普通的制备方法很难将两者结合到一起形成复合材料。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提出一种SnO2/Fe3O4复合纳米催化剂的制备方法，克服了现有制备方法很难将两者结合到一起的技术缺陷。制备的复合材料具有良好的磁性能和可见光吸收特性，可望用于磁性光学器件制造或污水处理用催化剂等领域。
为了实现上述目的，本发明所采用的技术方案为：
一种SnO2/Fe3O4复合纳米催化剂的制备方法，包括前驱体的室温制备和水热反应两个过程，首先，在室温下，将水合氧化铁(FeOOH)粉体加入到氯化亚锡(SnCl2)水溶液中，超声分散后加入适量NaOH，搅拌混合后得到反应前驱体；然后，将上述前驱体转入反应釜中通过水热反应便可获得SnO2/Fe3O4复合纳米催化剂。
作为本发明制备方法的优选技术方案：首先将水合氧化铁(FeOOH)粉体加入到氯化亚锡(SnCl2)水溶液中，通过快速超声分散后加入适量NaOH，搅拌混合后得到反应前驱体FeOOH-Sn2+-NaOH-H2O，反应体系的pH值为7～14。
优选地，超声分散时间为1～5min，所述水合氧化铁(FeOOH)粉体与氯化亚锡(SnCl2)之间的重量比为1∶0.5～5。
作为本发明制备方法的优选技术方案：将反应前驱体FeOOH-Sn2+-NaOH-H2O转入反应釜中，于180～220℃下通过水热反应6～24h便可获得SnO2/Fe3O4复合纳米催化剂。
作为本发明制备方法的优选技术方案：水热反应结束后，取出反应釜中的产物，经洗涤和磁分离后便可获得呈浅黑色的磁性SnO2/Fe3O4纳米复合催化剂。
本发明制备的SnO2/Fe3O4复合纳米催化剂中，SnO2∶Fe3O4的比例越大，可见光催化性能越强；SnO2∶Fe3O4的比例越小，类芬顿催化性能越强。
本发明制备的SnO2/Fe3O4复合纳米催化剂可作为可见光催化剂或类芬顿催化剂，应用于催化剂技术领域。
本发明以氯化亚锡(SnCl2)为还原剂，以普通水合氧化铁(FeOOH)为铁源，通过水热反应成功制备出了SnO2/Fe3O4纳米复合材料，该复合材料具有良好的磁性能和可见光吸收特性，可望用于磁性光学器件制造或污水处理用催化剂等领域。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果表现在：
1.实现了成分和性能均可控SnO2/Fe3O4复合纳米催化剂的简单制备，为高性能材料的制备提供了一种新的方法。
2.本发明制备方法中无需特殊实验仪器和设备，直接通过水热法反应合成，操作方便、成本低廉，同时，获得的产物纯度高、产量大。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备产物的XRD图(a)、FE-SEM图(b)、TEM图(c)以及可见光吸收光谱(d)(插图为带隙估算)。
图2为实施例2制备3种产物的FE-SEM图(a～c)以及XRD谱图(d)，(a～c)分别对应FeOOH用量为0.1g、0.3g、0.7g。
图3为实施例3制备3种产物的FE-SEM图(a～c)以及室温磁性能曲线(d)，(a～c)分别对应NaOH用量为0.1g、0.4g、0.6g。
图4为实施例4中可见光降解罗丹明b的染料性能，(a)为染料浓度和时间关系曲线；(b)为拟合曲线。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。
本发明方法所得产物的结构和形态分别采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD,D3500)和场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM,SU8010)等仪器来表征和分析。
实施例1：SnO2/Fe3O4复合纳米催化剂制备
将0.5gα-FeOOH粉体加入到50mL浓度为0.2mol/L的SnCl2水溶液中(水合氧化铁(FeOOH)粉体与氯化亚锡(SnCl2)之间的重量比为1∶3.79)，经过超声分散5min后加入0.2gNaOH固体，待其完全溶解后获得前驱体FeOOH-Sn2+-NaOH-H2O，体系pH值为8。
将前驱体FeOOH-Sn2+-NaOH-H2O转入到反应釜中，在180℃烘箱中进行水热反应24h，反应后将产物取出进行洗涤和烘干处理。
首先，利用X衍射手段对产物进行物相分析并与块体SnO2标准XRD衍射普(PDF,No.040783)和Fe3O4标准XRD衍射普(PDF,No.040783)进行比较后得知，实验得到的产物为SnO2/Fe3O4(图1a)。接着，利用电子显微镜对上述产物结构进行进一步表征可知，产物的形状为无规则纳米颗粒(图1b)，颗粒直径约为10-30nm左右(图1c)，其带隙宽度为3.52eV。
上述配位反应可用如下反应式表示：
Sn2++3FeOOH+2OH-→SnO2/Fe3O4+H2O
实施例2：FeOOH用量对产物形态、组成和性能的影响
制备方法同实施例1，调整α-FeOOH粉体的添加量分别为0.1g、0.3g、0.7g，用SEM对产物的形态进行观察，可知，随着反应体系中FeOOH粉体使用量的逐渐增多，产物形态从无规则纳米颗粒逐渐向棒状颗粒转变(图2a～c)。
利用X衍射手段对产物物相分析可知，FeOOH粉体用量过少或过多都使得最终的复合材料物相不纯。可以看出，在其他实验条件均相同时，FeOOH粉体使用量对最终产物形态和结构均影响较大(图2d)。α-FeOOH粉体的添加量介于0.3～0.5g时，制备的产物具有较高的纯度。
实施例3：NaOH用量对产物形态和磁性能的影响
制备方法同实施例1，调整NaOH的添加量分别为0.1g、0.4g、0.6g。
反应体系中，NaOH的使用量对物相的形成和产物的粒度有很大的影响，从而影响到最终产物的性能。从图3结果可以看出，随着NaOH使用量逐渐增加，产物的粒径是逐渐增加的(图3a～c)，产物的宏观磁性也是逐渐增强的(图3d)。
实施例4：光催化实验
(1)称取0.04g的罗丹明b放入1000mL的容量瓶中，其初始浓度为40mg/L。
(2)用量筒量取80mL上述溶液3份于烧杯中，分别加入0.03g制备出的复合纳米粉体(制备方法同实施例1，改变SnCl2的添加量，调整制备的复合催化剂中，SnO2∶Fe3O4质量比分别为1∶2、1∶1和2∶1)。
(3)超声均匀后，进行暗反应吸附处理后(约30min后)，取出第1个样品，计为0min，然后，将其放置到可见光源下进行光催化反应实验。打开光源，每隔30min取一次样品，一共取6个样品。
(4)重复上述操作(3)，完成另外两个样品光催化实验。
通过图4可以看出，随着SnO2∶Fe3O4质量比的提高，制备SnO2/Fe3O4纳米复合催化剂的可见光催化性能逐渐增强。
以上内容仅仅是对本发明的构思所作的举例和说明，所属本技术领域的技术人员对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代，只要不偏离发明的构思或者超越本权利要求书所定义的范围，均应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (3)
1.一种SnO2/Fe3O4复合纳米催化剂的制备方法，其特征在于，首先，在室温下，将水合氧化铁(FeOOH)粉体加入到氯化亚锡(SnCl2)水溶液中，通过快速超声分散后加入适量NaOH，搅拌混合后得到反应前驱体FeOOH-Sn2+-NaOH-H2O，反应体系的pH值为7~14；所述水合氧化铁(FeOOH)粉体与氯化亚锡(SnCl2)之间的重量比为1∶0.5~5超声分散时间为1~5min；
然后，将反应前驱体FeOOH-Sn2+-NaOH-H2O转入反应釜中，于180~220℃下通过水热反应6~24 h，水热反应结束后，取出反应釜中的产物，经洗涤和磁分离后便可获得呈浅黑色的磁性SnO2/Fe3O4纳米复合催化剂。
2.如权利要求1所述方法制备的SnO2/Fe3O4复合纳米催化剂，其特征在于，SnO2/Fe3O4复合纳米催化剂中，SnO2∶Fe3O4的比例越大，可见光催化性能越强；SnO2∶Fe3O4的比例越小，类芬顿催化性能越强。
3.如权利要求1所述方法制备的SnO2/Fe3O4复合纳米催化剂作为可见光催化剂或类芬顿催化剂的应用。
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| JP2010000496A (ja) * | 2008-05-22 | 2010-01-07 | Hitachi Maxell Ltd | カーボンナノコイル製造用触媒及びその製造方法 |
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| CN101586019A (zh) * | 2009-03-31 | 2009-11-25 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | 吸收高频电磁波的四氧化三铁/氧化锡核壳纳米棒及制法 |
| CN106475039A (zh) * | 2016-10-09 | 2017-03-08 | 同济大学 | 一种海胆状三维Fe3O4/SnO2纳米棒阵列及其合成方法与应用 |
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