CN114158611B - 一种羧甲基壳聚糖基保鲜膜的制备及应用 - Google Patents
一种羧甲基壳聚糖基保鲜膜的制备及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种成膜性好的具有天然色素的羧甲基売聚糖抑菌保鮮膜，在保证食用安全性的同时可以有效延长水果寿命。一种羧甲基壳聚糖基保鲜膜，原料按质量百分比计，组成为：羧甲基壳聚糖0.5～8％；板栗壳色素0.2～1％；增塑剂4～10％；水余量。方法是取羧甲基壳聚糖溶于水中形成羧甲基壳聚糖溶液，随后加入板栗壳色素，室温下混合均匀，再加入增塑剂，强力搅拌1‑3h，得到铸膜液，将铸膜液超声处理，去除气泡，以常规方法涂敷于果蔬表层，干燥得到羧甲基壳聚糖基保鲜膜。
Description
技术领域
本发明的技术领域是蔬果保鲜剂类，特别涉及一种环保型的蔬果保鲜剂。
背景技术
水果是天然营养食品，含有人类生活所需要的多种营养物质。由于贮藏力不足，保鲜技术不完善，容易腐败造成损失。水果的腐烂通常是由于微生物的污染引起的腐败变质。人误食可能致头晕、恶心、呕吐、腹胀等症状，严重的还会发生昏迷、危及生命。所以依靠先进的科学技术进行水果保鲜格外重要。
近些年来，涂膜保鲜技术在水果保鲜方面取得一定的效果。涂膜保鲜是利用纯天然、安全系数高的一些大分子物质作为成膜剂，采用浸渍、涂抹、喷洒等方式涂覆于果蔬表层。这种方法了降低果蔬中水分蒸发率、抑制细胞呼吸、降低果蔬代谢速率和衰老进程，使果蔬免受微生物的侵害。
羧甲基壳聚糖是一种水溶性壳聚糖衍生物，具有抗菌、保鲜的作用，是一种两性聚电解质。在化妆品、保鲜、医药等方面有多种应用，也是近年来研究得较多的売聚糖衍生物之一。
板栗壳色素，是在板栗果实外壳中提取出来的一种天然色素。板栗壳富含大量天然棕色素，其主要成分为黄酮类化合物，可广泛应用于食品、化妆品和纺织品调色等。对这种色素进行了许多鉴别,基本上显黄酮物质特性:紫外可见光区的吸收峰值,与黄酮色素很相近。
发明内容
本发明的目是提供一种成膜性好的具有天然色素的羧甲基売聚糖抑菌保鮮膜，在保证食用安全性的同时可以有效延长水果寿命。
本发明的技术方案：一种羧甲基壳聚糖基保鲜膜，原料按质量百分比计，组成为：
羧甲基壳聚糖 0.5～8％；
板栗壳色素 0.2～1％；
增塑剂 4～10％；
水 余量。
所述的增塑剂为甘油、海藻酸钠中的一种。
取羧甲基壳聚糖溶于水中形成羧甲基壳聚糖溶液，随后加入板栗壳色素，室温下混合均匀，再加入增塑剂，强力搅拌1-3h，得到铸膜液，将铸膜液超声处理，去除气泡，以常规方法涂敷于果蔬表层，干燥得到羧甲基壳聚糖基保鲜膜。
有益效果
本发明提供羧甲基売聚糖-板栗壳色素协同作用的抑菌保鮮膜，经过合理配比，在保证食用安全性的同时可以有效延长水果寿命。
本发明利用羧甲基売聚糖和板栗壳色素制备的保鲜剂和增塑剂的搭配，保鲜效果好、成膜效果好。
具体实施方式：
一种抑菌保鲜膜的制备方法步骤如下：
取羧甲基壳聚糖溶于水中形成0.5-8wt％的羧甲基壳聚糖溶液，随后加入0.2％-1wt％的板栗壳色素，室温下混合均匀。随后加入4-10wt％的增塑剂，强力搅拌1-3h，得到铸膜液。将膜溶液超声处理，去除气泡。将膜样品置于水平培养皿中，在30-50℃烘箱干燥6-12h备用。
所述的増塑剂是甘油、海藻酸钠中的一种。
实施例一
取羧甲基壳聚糖溶于水中形成4wt％的羧甲基壳聚糖溶液，随后加入0.3wt％的板栗壳色素，室温下混合均匀。随后加入5wt％的增塑剂，强力搅拌2h，得到铸膜液。将溶液超声处理30分钟，去除气泡。将膜样品置于水平培养皿中，在35℃烘箱干燥10h备用。
所述的増塑剂是甘油。
实施例二
取羧甲基壳聚糖溶于水中形成5wt％的羧甲基壳聚糖溶液，随后加入0.4wt％的板栗壳色素，室温下混合均匀。随后加入4.5wt％的增塑剂，强力搅拌2h，得到铸膜液。将溶液超声处理30分钟，去除气泡。将膜样品置于水平培养皿中，在35℃烘箱干燥10h备用。
所述的増塑剂是海藻酸钠。
实施例三
取羧甲基壳聚糖溶于水中形成6wt％的羧甲基壳聚糖溶液，随后加入0.5wt％的板栗壳色素，室温下混合均匀。随后加入4wt％的增塑剂，强力搅拌2h，得到铸膜液。将溶液超声处理30分钟，去除气泡。将膜样品置于水平培养皿中，在35℃烘箱干燥10h备用。
所述的増塑剂是甘油。
对比例一
取羧甲基壳聚糖溶于水中形成4wt％的羧甲基壳聚糖溶液，室温下混合均匀。随后加入3wt％的增塑剂，强力搅拌2h，得到铸膜液。将溶液超声处理30分钟，去除气泡。将膜样品置于水平培养皿中，在35℃烘箱干燥10h备用。
所述的増塑剂是甘油。
对比例二
取羧甲基壳聚糖溶于水中形成5wt％的羧甲基壳聚糖溶液，室温下混合均匀。随后加入2.5wt％的增塑剂，强力搅拌2h，得到铸膜液。将溶液超声处理30分钟，去除气泡。将膜样品置于水平培养皿中，在35℃烘箱干燥10h备用。
所述的増塑剂是海藻酸钠。
对比例三
取羧甲基壳聚糖溶于水中形成6wt％的羧甲基壳聚糖溶液，室温下混合均匀。随后加入2wt％的增塑剂，强力搅拌2h，得到铸膜液。将溶液超声处理30分钟，去除气泡。将膜样品置于水平培养皿中，在35℃烘箱干燥10h备用。
所述的増塑剂是甘油。
性能测试
(1)机械性能
拉伸强度(TS)和断裂伸长率(E％)测量方法如下：将膜剪成80mm×25mm的大小，使用质构仪测量。初始夹具分离距离设定为50mm，机械十字探头的速度设定为0.5mm/min。Ts和E(％)计算如下：
式中：Ts拉伸强度，MPa；
p-最大负荷，N；
b-试样宽度，mm；
d-试样厚度，mm；
E(％)-断裂伸长率；
L0-基线之间的初始距离，mm；
L-断裂时的伸长量，mm。
(2)水蒸气透过率
分别将实施例1-3和对比例1-3的膜密封在含有3.0g无水氯化钙的称量杯上(40×
25mm),将称量杯放入干燥器，在干燥器底部放置一杯50mL饱和氯化钠溶液(室温下提供60％的相对湿度)。每12h记录称量杯的质量，直到其趋于稳定，计算公式
如下：
式中：WVP-水蒸气透过率，kg·cm/m2kPa·m2·d；
mf-膜的最终质量，kg；
mi-膜的起始质量，kg；
d-膜的平均厚度，cm；
A-膜的的有效面积，m；
t-从开始到恒重的时间；
△P-涂层两面之间的压差，22.6℃时为2.642kPa。
(3)抗氧化活性
膜的抗氧化活性是DPPH自由基清除率来测定。分别取实施例1-3和对比例1-3的膜3mL(5mg/mL)与0.2mL DPPH甲醇溶液(2mM)混合。将混合溶液在气浴恒温振荡器(3500rpm)中摇动2min。用紫外可见分光度计测定其在517nm处的吸光度。每个样品至少测量三次。
式中：A0-DPPH甲醇溶液在517nm处的吸光度值；
A-样品溶液在517nm的吸光度值。
(4)抑菌活性
使用琼脂圆盘扩散法测定实施例1-3和对比例1-3膜的抗微生物活性。实验菌株选择金黄色葡萄球菌(S.ares)、大肠杆菌(E.coli)、沙门氏菌(S.enteritidis)。将菌株在牛肉汤培养基中培养，然后将其稀释成105CFU/mL的悬浮液备用。将复合膜用打孔机切成3个晶片(直径6mm)置于培养皿中，在37℃培养箱温育24h,并设置对照组，然后用卡尺测量抑菌圈的直径。
结果与讨论
表1机械性能、水蒸气透过率、抗氧化活性结果
表2抑菌圈直径结果
| 组别 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 对比例1 | 对比例2 | 对比例3 |
| S.ares(mm) | 20.20 | 23.12 | 25.80 | 10.00 | 8.50 | 8.00 |
| E.coli(mm) | 17.8 | 18.60 | 21.32 | 11.02 | 10.18 | 9.00 |
| S.enteritidis(mm) | 15.84 | 17.00 | 17.85 | 9.02 | 8.65 | 8.12 |
表1和表2表明，实施例1-3是本发明比较好的实验例。表1和2可以看出，本发明制得的膜的机械性能、阻水性能、抗氧化性能和抑菌性能都较好。羧甲基壳聚糖和板栗壳色素起着协同增效的抑菌作用，并且膜的抑菌性能和抗氧化性能随着板栗壳色素含量的增加而增大。
综上所诉是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以对部分技术特征做不同程度的修改，应当指出，这些修改，也应在本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (2)
1.一种羧甲基壳聚糖基保鲜膜，其特征在于，原料按质量百分比计，组成为：
羧甲基壳聚糖 0.5～8%；
板栗壳色素 0.2～1%；
增塑剂 4～10%；
水 余量；
取羧甲基壳聚糖溶于水中形成羧甲基壳聚糖溶液，随后加入板栗壳色素，室温下混合均匀，再加入增塑剂，强力搅拌1-3h，得到铸膜液，将铸膜液超声处理，去除气泡，以常规方法涂敷于果蔬表层，干燥得到羧甲基壳聚糖基保鲜膜。
2.如权利要求1所述的羧甲基壳聚糖基保鲜膜，其特征在于，所述的增塑剂为甘油、海藻酸钠中的一种。
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| CN104098793A (zh) * | 2014-06-30 | 2014-10-15 | 安徽巢湖南方膜业有限责任公司 | 一种羧甲基壳聚糖复合保鲜膜及其制备方法 |
| CN104304425A (zh) * | 2014-10-14 | 2015-01-28 | 通化师范学院 | 鲜切刺嫩芽涂膜材料及涂膜保鲜方法 |
| CN104586753A (zh) * | 2015-02-04 | 2015-05-06 | 中国药科大学 | 一种羧甲基壳聚糖抗菌喷膜剂及其制备方法 |
| CN108497057A (zh) * | 2018-03-28 | 2018-09-07 | 华南理工大学 | 含苦荞麦麸皮黄酮提取物的复合涂膜保鲜剂及其制备方法和应用 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104098793A (zh) * | 2014-06-30 | 2014-10-15 | 安徽巢湖南方膜业有限责任公司 | 一种羧甲基壳聚糖复合保鲜膜及其制备方法 |
| CN104304425A (zh) * | 2014-10-14 | 2015-01-28 | 通化师范学院 | 鲜切刺嫩芽涂膜材料及涂膜保鲜方法 |
| CN104586753A (zh) * | 2015-02-04 | 2015-05-06 | 中国药科大学 | 一种羧甲基壳聚糖抗菌喷膜剂及其制备方法 |
| CN108497057A (zh) * | 2018-03-28 | 2018-09-07 | 华南理工大学 | 含苦荞麦麸皮黄酮提取物的复合涂膜保鲜剂及其制备方法和应用 |
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