CN114158451A - Method for improving drought resistance of marigold by using melatonin - Google Patents
Method for improving drought resistance of marigold by using melatonin Download PDFInfo
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Images
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of herbaceous plant cultivation, and discloses a method for improving drought resistance of marigold by using melatonin, wherein marigold seeds are selected, grown seedlings with consistent growth vigor are selected to be transplanted into a nutrition pot when 7-8 true leaves exist after sowing, the seedlings are placed in a light incubator to be cultured, and the test is carried out in the growth period of marigold; dividing the transplanted marigold into 5 treatment groups, and treating 30 growing seedlings for each treatment group; after grouping is finished, treating the melatonin by adopting a blade spraying method until water drops fall on both the front and back surfaces of the blade; after transplanting for one week, drought stress is carried out, the stress treatment period is 20 days in four periods, melatonin is sprayed in the morning and at night every first three days in each week, sampling is carried out after every other day to measure various indexes, and each treatment is repeated for three times. The melatonin has a relieving effect on drought stress of marigold, can improve the activity of antioxidant enzyme, regulates the accumulation of osmotic substances and enhances the drought resistance of marigold.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of herbaceous plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for improving drought resistance of marigold by using melatonin.
Background
At present, marigold is an annual herb plant of marigold of the family Compositae and has important ornamental and economic values. In arid and water-deficient areas, flower and sea landscapes with high ornamental value and effect are rarely available, and abiotic stresses such as drought or water deficiency and the like are the most important factors influencing the growth, production and various physiological processes of plants, so that the improvement of the drought resistance of flowers, flowers and sea becomes very important. Marigold has bright color, easy cultivation and management, strong adaptability and low requirement on soil, and can be used as a stress research material. In recent years, plant drought stress gradually enters the research field of more scholars, and researches show that when soil drought reaches a certain degree, the physiological functions of plants are seriously damaged, and the plants sense the drought through the soil to cause physiological changes. Drought breaks the material metabolism balance in the plant body, so that cells lose water and wither, the membrane permeability is increased, the respiratory disturbance causes stomata to close, and the photosynthesis is weakened. At present, most of researches on marigold are in aspects of pigment extraction, cultivation technology, industrial development and bacteriostasis, the researches on the drought stress are less, and the researches on the drought stress of melatonin are not available.
Melatonin is a hormone substance capable of lightening skin pigment, which is synthesized in pineal gland by taking tryptophan as a substrate, has a chemical name of N-acetyl and 5-methoxytryptamine, exists in plant cell mitochondria, and plays a positive role in regulating the growth and development of plants and coping with stress. Melatonin is also a fat soluble compound, twice as active as vitamin E, and is considered to be the most effective lipophilic antioxidant. Plum love and the like treat the purple perilla seedlings through a PEG-6000 simulated stress environment, and the fact that the growth of the purple perilla seedlings is remarkably inhibited by water stress is found, and the length-width ratio of leaves under the stress can be increased by exogenous melatonin. Zhang Na found that chlorophyll was degraded by water stress, and treatment with melatonin maintained the chloroplast intact and relieved the chlorophyll content. The fact that the leaf spraying of melatonin by the plum lin and the like shows that the drought stress can cause the damage of oxidation stress and cell membranes, so that the content of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) is increased, and the melatonin can improve the activity of the antioxidant enzyme of the tomato leaves and is effectively relieved. Wu Yan and the like find that exogenous melatonin can promote the accumulation of leaf proline, soluble protein and soluble sugar content of Chuzhou chrysanthemum when researching Chuzhou chrysanthemum, and maintain the normal function of cells by improving osmotic regulatory substances.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows: in the prior art, researches on marigold are mostly carried out in the aspects of pigment extraction, cultivation technology, industrial development and bacteriostatic action, the researches on the aspect of drought stress are less, and the researches on the aspect of drought stress of melatonin are not carried out.
The significance of solving the problems and the defects is as follows: the invention detects physiological and biochemical changes of marigold under drought stress under the treatment of different concentrations of melatonin by a method of spraying the melatonin on marigold leaves, and has important reference values for improving the drought resistance of marigold and applying the melatonin to compositae plants.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for improving the drought resistance of marigold by using melatonin.
The invention is realized in such a way that a method for improving the drought resistance of marigold by using melatonin comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting marigold seeds, selecting growing seedlings with consistent growth vigor when 7-8 true leaves exist after sowing, transplanting the growing seedlings into a nutrition pot, placing the seedlings into a light incubator for culture, and performing a test in the growth period of marigold;
step two, dividing the transplanted marigold into 5 treatment groups, and treating 30 growing seedlings for each treatment group;
step three, after grouping is finished, treating the melatonin by adopting a blade spraying method until water drops fall on the front side and the back side of the blade;
and step four, beginning to carry out drought stress after one week of transplantation, wherein the stress beginning time is 4 months and 1 day, the drought stress degree is selected to be 30% -40%, the stress treatment period is 20 days in four periods, melatonin is sprayed in the morning and at the evening every day in the first three days in each week, sampling is started after every other day to carry out measurement on each index, and each treatment is repeated for three times.
Further, in the first step, when 7-8 true leaves exist after sowing, the height of the marigold plant is about 45 mm;
the nutrition pot is 10cm multiplied by 10cm, and peat, vermiculite and perlite are used as culture medium in a ratio of 2:1: 1.
Further, in the first step, the temperature of the light incubator is set at about 20 ℃, the light is set at about 20000Lx, the humidity is set at about 60%, and the light incubator is used for 12 hours each day and night.
Further, in the second step, the 5 processing groups are respectively: CK (Normal Water), M0 (drought + melatonin 0. mu. mol/L), M100 (drought + melatonin 100. mu. mol/L), M200 (drought + melatonin 200. mu. mol/L), M300 (drought + melatonin 300. mu. mol/L).
Further, in the fourth step, the stress treatment cycle comprises 20 days in four cycles:
a first cycle (1/4/5/day); second cycle (6 days 4-10 days 4 months), third cycle (11 days 4-15 days 4 months); and a fourth cycle (16 days at 4 months-20 days at 4 months).
Furthermore, in the fourth step, the measurement time of each index is 5 days, 10 days, 15 days and 20 days after the treatment.
Further, in the fourth step, the drought stress treatment is weighed by a weighing method, the water content is supplemented to a value required to be kept for the first time, and the weight is supplemented to be the same as that of the first time every time water is supplemented later; wherein the water content is measured every two days with an electronic balance.
Further, in the fourth step, the measured indexes include: the method comprises the following steps of measuring morphological indexes, measuring chlorophyll content, measuring antioxidase content, measuring soluble sugar and soluble protein content, and measuring free proline content and relative conductivity.
Further, the morphological index determination; measuring the plant height, the stem thickness and the plant width by using a vernier caliper, measuring 5 plants in each treatment, repeating the measurement three times, and taking an average value;
measuring the content of chlorophyll; the chlorophyll content was measured by the acetone method.
Further, measuring the content of the antioxidant enzyme; the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was measured by the nitro blue tetrazolium NBT method, and the activity of Peroxidase (POD) was measured by the guaiacol method;
measuring the content of soluble sugar and soluble protein; measuring the content of soluble sugar by using an anthraquinone colorimetric method; soluble protein mass fraction determination using coomassie brilliant blue method;
measuring the content of free proline and the relative conductivity; the content of free proline is determined by ninhydrin color development; relative conductivity method using a conductivity meter was used.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: the marigold is inhibited from growing under drought stress, the chlorophyll content is reduced, the activity of antioxidant enzyme is improved, and the content and relative conductivity of soluble sugar, soluble protein, free proline are increased. Under the condition of relatively drought stress, the melatonin has a relieving effect on the drought stress of marigold, can improve the activity of antioxidant enzyme, regulate the accumulation of osmotic substances and enhance the drought resistance of marigold, wherein the treatment effect of 200 mu mol/L melatonin concentration is optimal.
Meanwhile, the growth of marigold is inhibited under drought stress, wherein the high plant amplitude of the plant is obviously influenced, and the influence on the stem thickness is relatively small. With the prolonging of drought stress time, the content of free proline treated by melatonin with different concentrations gradually increases, while the chlorophyll content, the POD value, the soluble protein content and the relative conductivity all show a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, and the SOD value and the soluble sugar content show different changing trends. Compared with drought stress, the M200 and M100 treatment groups remarkably improve the chlorophyll content of marigold; the M200 treatment group improves the SOD value and POD value of marigold, increases soluble sugar and soluble protein, and accumulates free proline, so that the relative conductivity is low, and the comprehensive treatment effect is M200> M100> M300. The result shows that drought stress has obvious influence on the growth stage of the annual marigold, 200 mu mol/L melatonin can obviously inhibit the adverse reaction of the marigold under the drought stress condition, and the drought resistance of the marigold is enhanced by improving the activity of antioxidant enzyme, regulating the accumulation of osmotic substances.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for improving drought resistance of marigold by using melatonin, which is provided by the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of melatonin on total marigold chlorophyll content under drought stress, provided by an embodiment of the present invention; note: the different lower case tables differed significantly (P < 0.05).
FIG. 3(a) is a histogram of SOD activity versus treatment time provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3(b) is a histogram of POD activity versus processing time as provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4(a) is a bar graph of treatment time versus soluble sugar content provided by an example of the present invention.
FIG. 4(b) is a graph showing the treatment time-soluble protein content, provided by an example of the present invention.
FIG. 5(a) is a histogram of treatment time versus proline content provided by an example of the present invention.
FIG. 5(b) is a graph of treatment time versus relative conductivity provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for improving the drought resistance of marigold by using melatonin, and the invention is described in detail by combining the attached drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for improving drought resistance of marigold by using melatonin provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101: selecting marigold seeds, selecting growing seedlings with consistent growth vigor when 7-8 true leaves exist after sowing, transplanting the seedlings into a nutrition pot, placing the seedlings into a light incubator for culture, and performing the test in the growth period of marigold.
S102: dividing transplanted marigold into 5 treatment groups, and treating 30 growing seedlings for each treatment group.
S103: after grouping is finished, the melatonin is treated by adopting a blade spraying method until water drops fall on the front surface and the back surface of the blade.
S104: beginning to carry out drought stress after transplanting for one week, wherein the stress starting time is 4 months and 1 day, the drought stress degree is selected to be 30% -40%, the stress treatment period is 20 days in four periods, melatonin is sprayed in the morning and evening every day in the first three days in each week, sampling is started after every other day to carry out measurement on each index, and each treatment is repeated for three times.
The method for improving the drought resistance of marigold by using melatonin provided by the invention can also be implemented by adopting other steps by persons skilled in the art, and the method for improving the drought resistance of marigold by using melatonin provided by the invention in fig. 1 is only one specific example.
In S101 provided by the embodiment of the invention, when 7-8 true leaves exist after sowing, the height of the marigold plant is about 45 mm; the nutrition pot is 10cm multiplied by 10cm, and peat, vermiculite and perlite are used as culture medium in a ratio of 2:1: 1.
In S101 provided by the embodiment of the invention, the temperature of the illumination incubator is set to be about 20 ℃, the illumination is set to be about 20000Lx, the humidity is about 60%, and the day and the night are 12 hours respectively.
In S102 provided in the embodiment of the present invention, 5 processing groups are respectively: CK (Normal Water), M0 (drought + melatonin 0. mu. mol/L), M100 (drought + melatonin 100. mu. mol/L), M200 (drought + melatonin 200. mu. mol/L), M300 (drought + melatonin 300. mu. mol/L).
In S104 provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the stress processing cycle includes four cycles for 20 days, and specifically includes:
a first cycle (1/4/5/day); second cycle (6 days 4-10 days 4 months), third cycle (11 days 4-15 days 4 months); and a fourth cycle (16 days at 4 months-20 days at 4 months).
In S104 provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the measurement time of each index is on the 5 th day, the 10 th day, the 15 th day, and the 20 th day after the treatment.
In S104 provided by the embodiment of the invention, the drought stress treatment is weighed by a weighing method, the water content is supplemented to the value required to be kept for the first time, and the weight is supplemented to be the same as the first time when water is supplemented for each time; wherein the water content is measured every two days with an electronic balance.
In S104 provided in the embodiment of the present invention, each measured index includes:
measuring morphological indexes; measuring the plant height, the stem thickness and the plant width by using a vernier caliper, measuring 5 plants in each treatment, repeating the measurement three times, and taking an average value;
measuring the content of chlorophyll; measuring the chlorophyll content by using an acetone method;
measuring the content of antioxidant enzyme; the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was measured by the nitro blue tetrazolium NBT method, and the activity of Peroxidase (POD) was measured by the guaiacol method;
measuring the content of soluble sugar and soluble protein; measuring the content of soluble sugar by using an anthraquinone colorimetric method; soluble protein mass fraction determination using coomassie brilliant blue method;
measuring the content of free proline and the relative conductivity; the content of free proline is determined by ninhydrin color development; relative conductivity method using conductivity meter;
processing data; data organization and mapping were performed using Excel software and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS20.0 software.
The technical effects of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to experiments.
1 materials and methods
1.1 test materials
The marigold seed variety to be tested is Taishan produced by the American Panmei seed company, when 7-8 true leaves are sown, growing seedlings with consistent growth vigor (about 45mm plant height) are selected and transplanted into a nutrition pot of 10cm multiplied by 10cm, peat, vermiculite and perlite (2:1:1) are used as culture mediums and are placed in a light culture box for culture, and the test is carried out in the growth period of marigold.
1.2 Experimental treatment
The temperature of the illumination incubator is set at about 20 ℃, the illumination is set at 20000Lx, the humidity is about 60 percent, and the day and the night are respectively 12 hours. The transplanted marigold is divided into 5 treatment groups, CK (normal watering), M0 (drought + melatonin 0 mu mol/L), M100 (drought + melatonin 100 mu mol/L), M200 (drought + melatonin 200 mu mol/L) and M300 (drought + melatonin 300 mu mol/L), wherein the specific treatment scheme is shown in Table 1. The melatonin is treated by a blade spraying method until water drops fall on the front surface and the back surface of the blade. Beginning to carry out drought stress after transplanting for one week, wherein the stress starting time is 4 months and 1 day, the drought stress degree is selected to be 30% -40%, the stress treatment period is four periods for 20 days, and the first period (4 months and 1 day to 4 months and 5 days); second cycle (6 days 4-10 days 4 months), third cycle (11 days 4-15 days 4 months); in the fourth period (16 days at 4 months to 20 days at 4 months), melatonin is sprayed in the morning and at night every three days in the first week, sampling is started after every other day to measure various indexes, and each treatment is repeated for three times. The index measurement time was on day 5, 10, 15 and 20 after the treatment. The drought stress treatment adopts a weighing method for weighing, the water content is supplemented to a value required to be kept for the first time, and the weight is supplemented to be the same as the first time when water is supplemented every time. Wherein the water content is measured every two days with an electronic balance.
Table 1 test treatment
1.3 items and methods of measurement
1.3.1 determining morphological indexes; plant height, stem thickness, plant breadth were measured using a vernier caliper, 5 plants were measured for each treatment, repeated three times, and the average was taken.
1.3.2 chlorophyll content determination; the chlorophyll content was measured by the acetone method.
1.3.3 measuring the content of antioxidant enzyme; the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was measured by the nitro blue tetrazolium NBT method, and the activity of Peroxidase (POD) was measured by the guaiacol method;
1.3.4 content determination of soluble sugar and soluble protein; measuring the content of soluble sugar by using an anthraquinone colorimetric method; soluble protein mass fraction determination using coomassie brilliant blue method;
1.3.5 determination of free proline content and relative conductivity; the content of free proline is determined by ninhydrin color development; relative conductivity method using conductivity meter;
1.4, data processing; data organization and mapping were performed using Excel software and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS20.0 software.
2 results and analysis
2.1 Effect of melatonin on morphological indices of marigold under drought stress
As can be seen from Table 2, drought stress had different effects on plant height, stem thickness and plant breadth compared to the CK in the control group, and M0 was reduced by 31.78%, 16.53%, 30.07%, and 35.12%, 16.35%, and 29.72% compared to CK at days 10 and 15. The treatment of M100 at 10 days is improved by 2.74%, 5.79% and 9.30% compared with that of M0; compared with M0, the treatment of M200 is improved by 1.18%, 10.38% and 10.02%; compared with M0, the treatment of M300 is improved by 5.94%, 0.97% and 1.36%. The treatment of M100 at 15 days is improved by 3.67%, 0.82% and 2.50% compared with that of M0; compared with M0, the treatment of M200 is improved by 1.86%, 13.99% and 7.11%; compared with M0, the treatment of M300 is improved by 14.30%, 7.61% and 6.71%. The result shows that the melatonin treatment can obviously improve the plant height and the plant width of the marigold under drought stress, plays a role in relieving the drought stress, and has small influence on the stem thickness.
TABLE 2 melatonin treatment of changes in marigold morphological indices under drought stress
Note: different lower case letters in the same column indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).
2.2 Effect of melatonin on Total Tagetes chlorophyll under drought stress
As shown in fig. 2, as the drought time increases, the content of the CK chlorophyll gradually increases, while M0 gradually decreases after increasing, and is lower than that of CK, and compared with CK, the content of the marigold chlorophyll at 5 th day, 10 th day and 15 th day is respectively reduced by 17.37%, 20.25% and 39.36%, and the change of the content of the marigold chlorophyll under the drought stress has significant difference. The treatment of M100 is improved by 22.74 percent, 12.39 percent and 26.85 percent compared with that of M0; the treatment of M200 is improved by 12.52%, 11.32% and 28.19% compared with that of M0; the treatment of M300 on days 5 and 10 increased 11.04%, 0.3%, 42.72% on day 20 and 9.5% decrease in M300 on day 15 compared to M0. Therefore, the effect of M100 and M200 on the increase of the total chlorophyll amount is not much different and is higher than that of M300, i.e. the melatonin treatment effect M100 is greater than that of M200 and greater than that of M300.
2.3 Effect of melatonin on antioxidant enzymes of Tagetes erecta under drought stress
As can be seen from fig. 3(a) and 3(b), as the drought time increases, the SOD values decreased from day 5 to day 10, and both SOD and POD showed a tendency of increasing before decreasing after day 10. Compared with CK, SOD and POD values of marigold under drought stress are respectively increased by 3.45%, 47.26%, 21.84%, 3.19% and 41.37%, 3.51%, 14.19% and 44.85%, and obviously, the drought stress can improve the activity of antioxidant enzyme of marigold. Compared with drought stress M0, the SOD and POD under the treatment of three melatonin concentrations reach peak values at day 15, which are 261.09U/gFW, 385.36U/gFW, 269.55U/gFW and 1736U/(g-min), 1948U/(g-min), 1612U/(g-min), wherein the value of the M200 treatment is the highest, and the treatment effect M200, M100 and M300 are higher than that of the stress treatment.
2.4 Effect of melatonin on the content of soluble sugar and soluble protein in marigold under drought stress
As can be seen from FIGS. 4(a) and 4(b), marigold showed a tendency of decreasing soluble sugar content from day 5 to day 10, and from day 10 onward, the soluble sugar content showed a tendency of increasing before decreasing, as did the soluble protein content. The soluble sugar content and the soluble protein content under drought stress were increased by 0.27-fold, 0.85-fold, 1.18-fold, and 0.91-fold on days 10 and 15, respectively, as compared to the control group CK. Compared with drought stress M0, the content of soluble sugar and soluble protein in melatonin treated product is increased and reaches peak value at 15 days, wherein the peak value of M200 treatment is 31.79% and 15.42ug/g, and the treatment effect is M200> M100> M300. The decrease in soluble protein content by day 20 with melatonin treatment was slightly lower than M0, but higher than CK.
2.5 Effect of melatonin on the content of free proline in Tagetes erecta and the relative conductivity of leaves under drought stress
As can be seen from fig. 5(a) and 5(b), the content of free proline showed a significantly increasing trend, and the relative conductivity showed a first-rising and second-falling trend. With the increase of drought stress time, the content of free proline is the highest at 20 days, and compared with CK, the content of free proline in the fertilizer is increased by 22.01 percent by M0 treatment; the relative conductivity reached its highest at day 10, an increase of 28.66% compared to CK for the M0 treatment. Compared with drought stress M0, the three melatonin concentration treatments all increased the content of free proline and decreased the relative conductivity, with the highest content of free proline at day 20 at M200 treatment of 764.19. mu.g/gFW and the lowest relative conductivity of 31.34%, and the lowest relative conductivity at day 5 at M100 treatment of 30.97%, but with longer stress times, the relative conductivity at M100 treatment was higher than the other two concentrations, with the effect of treatment being M200> M300> M100.
3 the analysis is as follows:
water is a source of all living matters, and plants can be subjected to various adversity stresses under natural environmental conditions. Drought stress of plants is mainly due to water loss, and thus has significant influence on growth and development of plants and biomass formation, wherein morphological characteristics belong to the most intuitive changes. The test takes marigold in a growth period as a material, uses potted plant water control to explore drought stress, analyzes the physiological change of marigold under the treatment of different concentrations of melatonin, and compared with the marigold which grows normally, the drought stress reduces the plant height, the stem thickness and the plant width, wherein the influence on the stem thickness is small, which indicates that the plant height and the plant width are more sensitive to the growth after normal watering, and the result is consistent with the research result of Zhongnan. Therefore, the growth of the marigold can be obviously inhibited by drought stress, and the plant height and the plant breadth of the marigold under the drought stress can be obviously improved by melatonin treatment, so that the effect of relieving the drought stress is achieved.
Chlorophyll is the most basic photosynthetic pigment in plants, and the content of chlorophyll in turn affects the photosynthetic capacity of plants. The general trend of the total chlorophyll content is increased and then reduced after melatonin is applied in the test, the total chlorophyll content is reduced after 10 days probably because excessive Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are generated in plants under drought stress, the affinity of the reactive oxygen species to chlorophyll is strong, the chloroplast structure is damaged, in addition, the reduction of the chlorophyll content causes the photosynthetic capacity to be weakened, and the reduction of the leaf area can be related to the research result of the field control nation in marigold drought resistance evaluation. The chlorophyll content of the melatonin treated by 100 mu mol/L and 200 mu mol/L is obviously improved compared with that of M0, and the treatment effects of the two are not obvious. The results show that the drought stress can inhibit the synthesis of chlorophyll, and 100 mu mol/L and 200 mu mol/L of melatonin can obviously improve the chlorophyll content of marigold under the drought stress.
The response of the cell membrane to the stress is the most sensitive, when the stress occurs, the cell membrane firstly acts on the plasma membrane to cause dehydration of protoplasm, so that the permeability of the membrane is increased, active oxygen can be rapidly accumulated in a plant body, the cell membrane structure of the plant is damaged, and the normal metabolic physiology of the plant is interfered. Melatonin is used as an electron donor and can directly react with active oxygen in animals and plants, so that the content of the active oxygen in the bodies is kept at a low level. The plant can remove excessive oxygen free radicals through an antioxidase system, so that cells are prevented from being damaged by oxidation. In this test, SOD tended to decline before day 10 with prolonged drought, probably because marigold did not adapt to stress conditions soon after the onset of stress, which disturbed the function of the enzyme system on the membrane and interfered with normal metabolism of the cells. After 10 days, SOD and POD both show ascending and descending trends, marigold probably regulates the in vivo antioxidant enzyme system to decompose oxygen free radicals in the early stage, when the stress time reaches a certain limit, a large amount of active oxygen is generated and accumulated in the plant body, so that the metabolism in cells is seriously damaged, and the quantity of the antioxidant enzyme is limited, so the value is reduced. Compared with drought stress M0, the SOD and POD are increased under three melatonin concentrations, wherein the highest value is obtained under 200 μmol/L melatonin treatment, and the melatonin can improve antioxidase activity and maintain the balance of active oxygen in cells to adapt to stress environment.
The plant can deal with adverse environment by regulating protective enzyme and osmotic substance in vivo under drought stress, and the soluble sugar and soluble protein can be used as osmotic regulating substance of plant to maintain osmotic balance of plant cell. Under drought stress, the biological membrane is affected to cause membrane lipid peroxidation, the membrane permeability is improved, the electrolyte permeability is increased, and the proline content and the relative conductivity can be used as the basis for judging the damage degree of the cell membrane permeability. In normal leaves, oxidation degradation enzyme in mitochondria induces proline oxidation, and the proline content is reduced; when plants are stressed by drought, mitochondria are broken and proline oxidation is hindered, so that the content is increased. Proline may have both an adaptive significance and may be indicative of impaired cell structure and function in view of its way to accumulate under drought conditions. In the test, the content of soluble sugar before 10 days showed a tendency of decreasing, probably because the plants of marigold were too short and too small to have a weak photosynthetic capacity, the respiration and metabolism were vigorous, and the organic matter consumption was greater than the accumulation. The decrease of the content of soluble sugar and soluble protein under the melatonin treatment at the 20 th day is large, probably because the longer stress time seriously damages the permeability of the membrane in the growth period of marigold and influences the transportation and metabolism of substances. Research results show that the relative conductivity, the content of free proline, soluble sugar and soluble protein of plants under drought stress are obviously increased, and after melatonin with different concentrations is sprayed, the content of free proline, soluble sugar and soluble protein is increased, and the relative conductivity is reduced, which is consistent with the research results of plum peak and the like in ryegrass leaves. Therefore, melatonin with proper concentration can effectively promote the regulation of substances permeating marigold under drought stress and relieve the damage to the permeability of cell membranes. In conclusion, drought stress seriously affects physiological and biochemical changes of marigold, and the treatment of melatonin can improve the capacity of marigold to cope with the drought stress.
The marigold is inhibited from growing under drought stress, the chlorophyll content is reduced, the antioxidant enzyme activity, the soluble sugar, the soluble protein, the free proline content and the relative conductivity are all increased. Under the condition of relatively drought stress, the melatonin has a relieving effect on the drought stress of marigold, can improve the activity of antioxidant enzyme, regulate the accumulation of osmotic substances and enhance the drought resistance of marigold, wherein the treatment effect of 200 mu mol/L melatonin concentration is optimal.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for improving drought resistance of marigold by using melatonin is characterized in that a leaf spraying method is adopted to spray 200 mu mol/L of melatonin.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method of improving drought resistance of marigold using melatonin comprises:
step one, selecting marigold seeds, and when 7-8 true leaves exist after sowing, keeping the height of marigold plants to be 45 mm; the nutrition pot is 10cm multiplied by 10cm, peat, vermiculite and perlite in a ratio of 2:1:1 are used as culture mediums, growing seedlings with consistent growth vigor are selected after seeding and transplanted into the nutrition pot, the nutrition pot is placed in a light incubator for culture, and the test is carried out in the growth period of marigold;
step two, dividing the transplanted marigold into treatment groups;
step three, after grouping is finished, treating the melatonin by adopting a blade spraying method until water drops fall on the front side and the back side of the blade;
and step four, starting drought stress after transplanting for one week, selecting the drought stress degree, carrying out a stress treatment period for four periods, starting sampling after every other day to measure each index, and repeating the treatment for three times.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature of the light incubator is 20 ℃, the light is 20000Lx, the humidity is about 60%, and the illumination time is 12 hours each day and night.
4. The method for improving the drought resistance of marigold using melatonin as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transplanted marigold is divided into 5 treatment groups, each of which treats 30 growing seedlings; the 5 treatment groups were: normal watering CK, 0 mu mol/L M0 of drought and melatonin, 100 mu mol/L M100 of drought and melatonin, 200 mu mol/L M200 of drought and melatonin and 300 mu mol/L M300 of drought and melatonin.
5. The method for improving the drought resistance of marigold by using melatonin as claimed in claim 1, wherein drought stress is started after one week of transplantation, the stress starting time is 4 months and 1 day, the drought stress degree is selected to be 30% -40%, the stress treatment period is 20 days in four cycles, melatonin is sprayed in the morning and the evening every day for the first three days in each week, sampling is started after every other day to measure various indexes, and each treatment is repeated for three times; the stress treatment cycle comprises four cycles of 20 days and specifically comprises the following steps:
the first period is 4 months and 1 day to 4 months and 5 days; the second cycle is from 4 months 6 days to 4 months 10 days, and the third cycle is from 4 months 11 days to 4 months 15 days; the fourth cycle is from 4 months 16 days to 4 months 20 days.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the indices are measured at 5, 10, 15 and 20 days after the treatment.
7. The method for improving the drought resistance of marigold by using melatonin as claimed in claim 1, wherein the drought stress treatment is carried out by weighing by a weighing method, the water content is supplemented to a value required to be maintained for the first time, and the weight is supplemented to be the same as the first time every time water is supplemented later; wherein the water content is measured every two days with an electronic balance.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the indices measured include: the method comprises the following steps of measuring morphological indexes, measuring chlorophyll content, measuring antioxidase content, measuring soluble sugar and soluble protein content, and measuring free proline content and relative conductivity.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the morphological index is determined; measuring the plant height, the stem thickness and the plant width by using a vernier caliper, measuring 5 plants in each treatment, repeating the measurement three times, and taking an average value; measuring the content of chlorophyll; the chlorophyll content was measured by the acetone method.
10. The method of using melatonin for improving drought resistance of marigold according to claim 8, wherein the antioxidant enzyme content is measured; the activity of superoxide dismutase SOD is measured by using a nitrogen blue tetrazole NBT method, and the activity of peroxidase POD is measured by using a guaiacol method;
measuring the content of soluble sugar and soluble protein; measuring the content of soluble sugar by using an anthraquinone colorimetric method; soluble protein mass fraction determination using coomassie brilliant blue method;
measuring the content of free proline and the relative conductivity; the content of free proline is determined by ninhydrin color development; relative conductivity method using a conductivity meter was used.
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