CN114156728A - Laser power stabilizing system based on FPGA and liquid crystal TNE effect - Google Patents
Laser power stabilizing system based on FPGA and liquid crystal TNE effect Download PDFInfo
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- CN114156728A CN114156728A CN202210116014.4A CN202210116014A CN114156728A CN 114156728 A CN114156728 A CN 114156728A CN 202210116014 A CN202210116014 A CN 202210116014A CN 114156728 A CN114156728 A CN 114156728A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/13—Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/101—Lasers provided with means to change the location from which, or the direction in which, laser radiation is emitted
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- Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a laser power stabilizing system based on an FPGA (field programmable gate array) and a liquid crystal TNE (time-dependent element) effect, which comprises a half wave plate, a liquid crystal phase retarder, a polarization beam splitter, a photoelectric detector, an FPGA (field programmable gate array) calculating module, an analog output module and an analog input module; the analog output module and the analog input module are respectively and directly connected with the FPGA computing module. In order to improve the response speed of the liquid crystal, the TNE driving technology is adopted, so that the response speed of the liquid crystal can be effectively improved. When the liquid crystal phase retardation needs to be increased, all the driving voltages are temporarily removed, the liquid crystal molecules undergo a period of natural relaxation and begin to return to the original positions, and then the driving voltages of appropriate magnitude are applied again to achieve the desired phase retardation. The invention can effectively improve the liquid crystal response speed and improve the frequency response of the liquid crystal stable power system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of automatic control, and particularly relates to a laser power stabilizing system based on an FPGA (field programmable gate array) and a liquid crystal TNE (time-dependent element array) effect.
Background
Stable laser power plays a crucial role in various applications such as atomic magnetometers, atomic clocks and gravitational wave detection. The laser power stabilization method can be divided into internal control and external control. Internal control means that the laser power can be stabilized by current or temperature feedback. However, since the frequency and power of the laser are coupled to each other, the adjustment of the current or temperature inevitably interferes with the stability of the frequency, failing to satisfy the experimental requirement of high frequency stability. The external control is to realize the controllable attenuation of optical power noise by using external actuators such as AOM, EOM, LCVR and the like, and because the laser power stabilizing system based on the liquid crystal phase retarder has the advantages of no mutual coupling of frequency and power, simple optical path, continuously variable phase and the like, the system is always applied to quantum precision measuring instruments.
However, most of the existing laser power stabilizing systems based on the liquid crystal phase retarder are realized based on a single chip microcomputer. For a single chip microcomputer platform, the stabilizing system has the advantage of relatively high control frequency, but is limited by the performance limit of the single chip microcomputer, and cannot simultaneously complete the functions of high-speed operation, real-time data monitoring and storage. In addition, the response speed of the liquid crystal of the existing stable power system is relatively slow.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a laser power stabilizing system based on an FPGA and a liquid crystal TNE effect aiming at the defects of the prior art.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a laser power stabilizing system based on FPGA and liquid crystal TNE effect comprises: the liquid crystal phase retarder comprises a half wave plate, a liquid crystal phase retarder, a polarization beam splitter, a photoelectric detector and a control module; the control module comprises an FPGA calculation module, an analog output module and an analog input module; the analog output module and the analog input module are respectively connected with the FPGA computing module;
the laser sequentially passes through a half wave plate and a polarization beam splitter, the transmitted light sequentially passes through a liquid crystal phase delayer and the polarization beam splitter, and the two form an actuator; the light stabilized by the actuator and the control module is divided into ring-in light and ring-out light through a half wave plate and a polarization beam splitter in sequence, and the ring-out light is used as stable laser output by the system;
the light in the ring is collected by a photoelectric detector, and a voltage signal corresponding to the light in the ring is output by the photoelectric detector, converted into a digital signal by an analog input module and input into an FPGA (field programmable gate array) calculation module; the FPGA calculation module calculates and outputs a driving square wave according to a voltage signal corresponding to light in the ring and a voltage signal corresponding to set laser power; the drive square wave is converted into an analog signal by the analog output module and is loaded on a liquid crystal phase delayer of the actuator.
Further, in the FPGA computing module:
when the voltage signal of the light in the ring is smaller than the voltage value corresponding to the set laser power, performing closed-loop control operation by using a PID algorithm, and calculating to obtain the amplitude of the driving square wave; converting the digital signal into a square wave with set frequency and amplitude as a driving square wave;
when the voltage signal of the light in the ring is larger than the voltage value corresponding to the set laser power, calculating the amplitude of the driving square wave by using a PID algorithm; converting the digital signal into a square wave with set frequency and amplitude; and a section of zero signal of us grade is added in the current square wave front to obtain a driving square wave so as to improve the speed of the liquid crystal phase delayer when the phase delay is increased.
Furthermore, the FPGA calculation module converts the digital signal into a square wave with a set frequency by using hardware timing.
Further, the frequency of the driving wave is determined by the liquid crystal phase retarder.
Further, the device also comprises a photoelectric detector for monitoring the laser power of the light outside the loop.
Furthermore, the laser emitted by the laser firstly passes through the isolator.
Further, the control module is implemented by a CompactRIO system.
Further, the rule for selecting the voltage control interval corresponding to the light in the ring is as follows: the laser transmissivity change amplitude is as large as possible, and the response speed is as fast as possible.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention adopts a TNE (Transient Nematic Effect) -based driving technology, can effectively improve the response speed of the liquid crystal and improve the high-frequency response of the liquid crystal power stabilizing system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a laser power stabilization system based on FPGA and liquid crystal TNE effect according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a liquid crystal operating region;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the response time of liquid crystal under a conventional signal; the upper part is a driving square wave, and the lower part is a signal output by the photoelectric detector;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the response time of the liquid crystal under the TNE driving signal according to the present invention; the upper part is a driving square wave, and the lower part is a signal output by the photoelectric detector;
FIG. 5 is a frequency domain response diagram of the output signal of the liquid crystal steady power system; the upper spectral line is a spectral diagram of a power stabilization system developed based on STM32, and the lower spectral line is a spectral diagram of a power stabilization system developed based on FPGA.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides a novel laser power stabilizing system based on an NI compact RIO system. The CompactRIO system runs a 1.33Ghz dual-core processor of the Linux RT system, and is loaded with a programmable FPGA chip. Thus, each input-output module of the system is connected directly to the FPGA chip, rather than through a bus, so the system response of CompactRIO is almost delay free compared to other controller architectures.
In addition, compared with a traditional control system developed based on an FPGA chip, LabVIEW FPGA software carried in CompactRIO has a better graphic interaction interface, can process and display graphics in real time, and is also provided with 2GB DRAM and 4GB memory space, so that the system is very suitable for processing and storing real-time data.
In order to improve the response speed of the liquid crystal, the invention adopts a TNE (Transient Nematic Effect) driving technology, and can effectively improve the response speed of the liquid crystal. When the liquid crystal phase retardation needs to be increased, all the driving voltages are temporarily removed, the liquid crystal molecules undergo a period of natural relaxation and begin to return to the original positions, and then the driving voltages of appropriate magnitude are applied again to maintain the desired phase retardation.
As shown in fig. 1, the laser power stabilizing system based on the FPGA and the liquid crystal TNE effect of the present invention includes the following modules: the device comprises a laser, an isolator, two half wave plates (lambda/2), three polarization beam splitters PBS, a liquid crystal phase retarder (liquid crystal), two photodetectors PD and a compact RIO system. The CompactRIO system comprises an analog output module NI-9269, an FPGA computing module CRIO-9055 and an analog input module NI-9239.
The light path is built, and 795nmDBR laser emergent light passes through the isolator, and the isolator can prevent optical feedback. And then sequentially passed through a combination of a lambda/2 wave plate and a polarizing beam splitter PBS, which can adjust the intensity of the transmitted light. The transmitted light sequentially passes through the liquid crystal phase delayer and the PBS, and the liquid crystal phase delayer and the PBS form an actuator, so that the controllable attenuation of the light power can be realized. The light stabilized by the actuator and the compact RIO system is divided into light inside the ring and light outside the ring through the combination of the lambda/2 wave plate and the PBS in sequence; the two light beams are collected by the photodetectors PD1 and PD2, respectively. The PD1 outputs photoelectric signals corresponding to light in the ring for closed-loop calculation and control; PD2 is used only to monitor the out-of-loop optical power and not for calculation.
The photoelectric detector PD1 outputs a voltage signal corresponding to the light in the ring, the voltage signal is converted into a digital signal through the analog input module NI-9239 and is input into the FPGA calculation module cRIO-9055, and the FPGA calculation module cRIO-9055 outputs a driving square wave according to the voltage signal corresponding to the light in the ring and a voltage value corresponding to the set laser power. And finally, converting the driving square waves into analog signals by an analog output module NI-9269, and loading the analog signals to a liquid crystal phase delayer of the actuator.
In the FPGA calculation module cRIO-9055, when the voltage signal of the light in the ring is smaller than the voltage value corresponding to the set power, the PID algorithm is used for performing closed-loop control operation, and the amplitude Vout of the driving square wave is calculated and obtained to reduce the phase delay of the liquid crystal phase delayer, so that the laser power passing through the actuator is increased, and the voltage signal corresponding to the light in the ring is increased. (ii) a And (3) converting the digital signal into a + Vout/-Vout square wave with set frequency as a driving square wave by utilizing the hardware timing in the FPGA computing module cRIO-9055. The frequency of the driving wave is determined by the liquid crystal phase retarder.
When the voltage signal of the light in the ring is larger than the voltage value corresponding to the set power, the laser power passing through the actuator is reduced and the voltage signal corresponding to the light in the ring is reduced in order to increase the phase delay of the liquid crystal phase delayer. Calculating the amplitude Vout of the driving square wave by using a PID algorithm; the digital signal is converted into a + Vout/-Vout square wave of a set frequency by using hardware timing. In order to further improve the reaction speed of the liquid crystal phase retarder when the phase retardation is increased, so that a driving square wave based on the TNE effect is generated. And adding a section of us-level zero signal to the front of the + Vout/-Vout square wave of the current PID cycle to finally obtain a section of driving square wave. Wherein the duration of each driving square wave is dependent on the cycle speed of the PID controller and is a variable value, typically around 125 us.
Specifically, a right-hand coordinate system is established, the included angle between the PBS light transmission axis and the X direction is 0 degree, and the included angle between the liquid crystal fast axis and the X direction is 45 degrees (the included angle between the liquid crystal slow axis and the X direction is 135 degrees); liquid crystal phase retardation ofδ(V) The empirical formula, related to the bipolar square wave amplitude V, is:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,V c is the threshold voltage at which the liquid crystal molecules start to deflect and can be obtained through experiments; m is an empirical value and is a function of,V 0is a constant, M andV 0are wavelength independent. After the liquid crystal phase delayers are determined, M and can be fitted by utilizing laser light source calibration dataV 0；δ 0Is the maximum phase retardation of the liquid crystal.
The Jones matrixes of the liquid crystal phase delayer, the PBS transmission direction, the lambda/2 wave plate and the PBS reflection direction are respectively as follows:
、
、
、
. Wherein the content of the first and second substances,θis the included angle between the fast axis of the lambda/2 wave plate and the X direction.iRepresenting the imaginary part.
Jones vector E for transmitted/ring out light1Comprises the following steps:
wherein, the Jones vector of the front incident light of the liquid crystal is defined as
And A is the magnitude of the electric field vector.
Light intensity of transmitted light/external ring light I1Comprises the following steps:
wherein E is1 *Is E1The conjugate matrix of (2).
Jones vector E of reflected/in-loop light2Comprises the following steps:
intensity of reflected/in-loop light I2Comprises the following steps:
wherein E is2 *Is E2The conjugate matrix of (2).
Jones vector of laser light after liquid crystal is
。
Jones vector of laser light behind actuator is
。
As shown in FIG. 2, as the voltage applied to the liquid crystal increases, the liquid crystal phase retardation amountδ(V) And gradually reducing, wherein the optical power behind the actuator is reduced firstly and then increased and then reduced, and a voltage interval with larger laser transmissivity change amplitude and faster response speed is selected as a control interval. Wherein E issIs a lambda/2 wave plate slow axis, EfIs the fast axis of the lambda/2 wave plate.
The liquid crystal response time is related to the direction of the voltage change. When the voltage is reduced, the liquid crystal response time depends on the relaxation time of the liquid crystal molecules to return to the initial position, and thus the liquid crystal response speed is slow. The invention utilizes a TNE (Transient Nematic Effect) driving technology to improve the response speed of the liquid crystal. When the liquid crystal phase retardation needs to be increased, all the driving voltages are temporarily removed, the liquid crystal molecules undergo a period of natural relaxation and begin to return to the original positions, and then a driving voltage of an appropriate magnitude (Vout) is applied again to maintain the desired phase retardation. When the voltage is increased, the response speed of the liquid crystal is fast, and thus the driving signal is not optimized.
The abscissa in fig. 3 and 4 has a small grid of 80ms, the left-hand numerical coordinate system is the value returned by the photodetector, and the square-wave coordinate system is not shown in the figures. As shown in fig. 3, the amplitude of the driving square wave changes to 8Vpp → 6Vpp → 8Vpp, and when the amplitude of the driving square wave decreases, the time required for the liquid crystal response to reach the steady state is X2-X1=11.8 ms. As shown in fig. 4, when the TNE effect of the liquid crystal is used in the system according to the present invention, the amplitude of the driving square wave is changed to 8Vpp → 6Vpp → 8Vpp, the amplitude of the driving square wave is reduced, and the time required for the liquid crystal response to reach the steady state is shortened to X2-X1=1.3 ms.
The invention utilizes a compactRIO system to carry out algorithm design, uses an FPGA chip to generate square waves based on TNE at regular time, namely, adds a section of us-level zero signal in front of each section of square wave without externally connecting a waveform generating chip. As shown in FIG. 5, the high-frequency response capability of the system is superior to that of a STM 32-based power stabilization system, so that the control rate and the high-frequency response capability of the system are improved.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without any inventive work are within the scope of the present invention, in the same or similar way as the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A laser power stabilizing system based on FPGA and liquid crystal TNE effect is characterized by comprising: the liquid crystal phase retarder comprises a half wave plate, a liquid crystal phase retarder, a polarization beam splitter, a photoelectric detector and a control module; the control module comprises an FPGA calculation module, an analog output module and an analog input module; the analog output module and the analog input module are respectively connected with the FPGA computing module;
the laser sequentially passes through a half wave plate and a polarization beam splitter, the transmitted light sequentially passes through a liquid crystal phase delayer and the polarization beam splitter, and the two form an actuator; the light stabilized by the actuator and the control module is divided into ring-in light and ring-out light through a half wave plate and a polarization beam splitter in sequence, and the ring-out light is used as stable laser output by the system;
the light in the ring is collected by a photoelectric detector, and a voltage signal corresponding to the light in the ring is output by the photoelectric detector, converted into a digital signal by an analog input module and input into an FPGA (field programmable gate array) calculation module; the FPGA calculation module calculates and outputs a driving square wave according to a voltage signal corresponding to light in the ring and a voltage signal corresponding to set laser power; the drive square wave is converted into an analog signal by the analog output module and is loaded on a liquid crystal phase delayer of the actuator.
2. The laser power stabilization system based on the FPGA and the liquid crystal TNE effect according to claim 1, wherein in the FPGA calculation module:
when the voltage signal of the light in the ring is smaller than the voltage value corresponding to the set laser power, performing closed-loop control operation by using a PID algorithm, and calculating to obtain the amplitude of the driving square wave; converting the digital signal into a square wave with set frequency and amplitude as a driving square wave;
when the voltage signal of the light in the ring is larger than the voltage value corresponding to the set laser power, calculating the amplitude of the driving square wave by using a PID algorithm; converting the digital signal into a square wave with set frequency and amplitude; and a section of zero signal of us grade is added in the current square wave front to obtain a driving square wave so as to improve the speed of the liquid crystal phase delayer when the phase delay is increased.
3. The laser power stabilization system based on the FPGA and the liquid crystal TNE effect as claimed in claim 1, wherein the FPGA calculation module converts the digital signal into a square wave with a set frequency by using hardware timing.
4. The laser power stabilization system based on the FPGA and the liquid crystal TNE effect of claim 1, wherein a frequency of the driving square wave is determined by a liquid crystal phase retarder.
5. The laser power stabilization system based on the FPGA and the liquid crystal TNE effect of claim 1, further comprising a photodetector for monitoring the laser power of the out-of-loop light.
6. The laser power stabilization system based on the FPGA and the liquid crystal TNE effect as claimed in claim 1, wherein the laser emitted from the laser first passes through the isolator.
7. The laser power stabilization system based on the FPGA and the liquid crystal TNE effect of claim 1, wherein the control module is implemented by a CompactRIO system.
8. The laser power stabilization system based on the FPGA and the liquid crystal TNE effect according to claim 1, wherein a rule for selecting a voltage control interval corresponding to light in a ring is: the laser transmissivity change amplitude is as large as possible, and the response speed is as fast as possible.
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Citations (5)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5194179A (en) * | 1988-02-26 | 1993-03-16 | Showa Shell Sekiyu K.K. | Liquid crystal compounds |
| US5347382A (en) * | 1992-04-23 | 1994-09-13 | Rumbaugh Scott H | Liquid crystal cell retarder with driving beyond retardance value and two cells for high speed |
| CN107402465A (en) * | 2017-08-04 | 2017-11-28 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | Method for establishing overdrive lookup table |
| US20180364354A1 (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2018-12-20 | National Chung Shan Institute Of Science And Technology | Laser radar system capable of active polarization |
| CN110715653A (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2020-01-21 | 北京航空航天大学 | Laser power stabilizing system of small atomic spin gyro |
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2022
- 2022-02-07 CN CN202210116014.4A patent/CN114156728B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US5194179A (en) * | 1988-02-26 | 1993-03-16 | Showa Shell Sekiyu K.K. | Liquid crystal compounds |
| US5347382A (en) * | 1992-04-23 | 1994-09-13 | Rumbaugh Scott H | Liquid crystal cell retarder with driving beyond retardance value and two cells for high speed |
| US20180364354A1 (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2018-12-20 | National Chung Shan Institute Of Science And Technology | Laser radar system capable of active polarization |
| CN107402465A (en) * | 2017-08-04 | 2017-11-28 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | Method for establishing overdrive lookup table |
| CN110715653A (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2020-01-21 | 北京航空航天大学 | Laser power stabilizing system of small atomic spin gyro |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| SHIN-TSON ET AL.: "High-speed liquid-crystal modulators using transient nematic effect", 《JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICAL》 * |
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