CN116700676B - Miniaturized quantum random number generator - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of quantum safety communication, and discloses a miniaturized quantum random number generator, which comprises a space quantum entropy source and an electronics processing module, wherein the space quantum entropy source comprises a pulse laser, a first half-wave plate, a delay controllable polarization beam combination rotating module, a polarization selecting module and a photoelectric detector; the electronic processing module comprises an analog-to-digital conversion module and a post-processing module. Compared with the prior art, the invention adopts the delay controllable polarization beam combination rotating module, thereby improving the stability and reliability of interference; the delay is controlled by adjusting the polarization state of the delayed optical pulse signal, so that the optical pulse signal passes through the same annular structure for multiple times to increase the delay, the space required by guaranteeing longer arm length difference is greatly reduced, the arm length difference can be randomly adjusted according to actual requirements, and the quantum random number generator has the advantages of simple and compact structure, easy miniaturization and higher stability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of quantum safety communication, in particular to a miniaturized quantum random number generator.
Background
Along with the high-speed development of social economy, random numbers play an increasingly important role in the fields of information security, simulation, and the like. A Quantum Random Number Generator (QRNG) generates true random numbers using the true random characteristics of the quantum world according to the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics. The quantum phase fluctuation of the spontaneous laser radiation is the most commonly used quantum optical principle of the QRNG, the randomness comes from the random phase fluctuation contained in the optical signal generated in the spontaneous laser radiation process, generally, the phase fluctuation is converted into the light intensity fluctuation, the light intensity fluctuation is detected by a photoelectric detector to obtain the original random bit, and the random number generated by post-processing is completely unpredictable, so that the quantum phase fluctuation has true randomness, and is a mature quantum random number generation scheme for current research.
The prior random number generator proposal based on laser spontaneous radiation phase fluctuation generally adopts a continuous light source, and an unequal arm interferometer is needed to realize the delay self-interference of the light source and convert the phase fluctuation of the light source into intensity fluctuation. However, the structure of the unequal-arm interferometer has instability, and due to phase drift between the long and short arms, phase compensation is needed to maintain stability of interference, and light intensity is needed to be monitored by a single photodetector to perform phase feedback control, such as patent CN108762723a and CN 114579082B. Another prior art technique uses a pulsed light source, which uses the characteristic that different light pulses generated by the light source have random phases, and uses an unequal arm interferometer to measure the interference result between the different pulses to convert the random phases into random light intensities to generate random numbers, such as the patents CN109240645a and CN205334452U. However, since this solution requires that the interferometer arm length difference is larger than the coherence length, and the longer the arm length difference, the smaller the phase correlation between the two pulses of interference, and the longer the arm length difference, which leads to an increase in the length of the fiber, and thus to an increase in the size, and a decrease in the pulse interference overlap, resulting in a decrease in the interference stability. The interferometer structure is fixed, and the arm length difference is determined, so that the interferometer can not be flexibly adjusted according to actual needs. In addition, because of the adoption of the discrete optical fiber device, the quantum random number generator has large volume, complex structure, poor stability and high cost, and is difficult to produce in a large scale. If a compact space optical device is adopted, the integration level of the system can be improved, and the miniaturization of the quantum random number generator is facilitated; however, since the arm length difference required for interference is long, a space is required to be large, and miniaturization is difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a miniaturized quantum random number generator.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the miniaturized quantum random number generator comprises a space quantum entropy source and an electronics processing module, wherein the space quantum entropy source comprises a pulse laser, a first half-wave plate, a delay controllable polarization beam combination rotating module, a polarization selecting module and a photoelectric detector; the electronic processing module comprises an analog-to-digital conversion module and a post-processing module;
the pulse laser is used for generating a horizontally polarized optical pulse signal;
the light pulse signal vertically enters the first half wave plate;
the main axis direction of the first half wave plate forms 22.5 degrees with the horizontal direction and is used for rotating the polarization state of the optical pulse signal by 45 degrees;
the light incidence interface and the emergent interface of the delay controllable polarization beam combination rotating module are respectively parallel to the light emergent interface of the first half wave plate and the light incidence interface of the polarization selection module;
the delay controllable polarization beam combination rotating module is used for polarization splitting the light pulse signal polarized at 45 degrees into a first polarization component and a second polarization component, polarization beam combination is carried out on the second polarization component and the first polarization component after delay, the second polarization component rotates at 45 degrees, and the delay is controlled by adjusting the polarization state of the second polarization component;
The polarization selection module is used for enabling specific polarization components of the delay controllable polarization beam combination rotation output optical signals to pass through to generate random light intensity signals to be detected;
the photoelectric detector is used for converting the random light intensity signal to be detected into a random electric signal;
the analog-to-digital conversion module is used for performing analog-to-digital conversion on the random electric signal to generate initial random bits;
the post-processing module is used for randomly extracting the input initial random bits through a post-processing algorithm and outputting the extracted quantum random numbers.
Preferably, the delay controllable polarization beam combination rotating module comprises a first polarization beam splitter, a first right-angle prism, a second right-angle prism, a first electric control rotating half-wave plate and a second half-wave plate,
the first light incidence interface and the polarization transmission interface of the first polarization beam splitter are respectively parallel to the light emergence interface of the first half-wave plate and the light incidence interface of the second half-wave plate;
the polarized reflection interface of the first polarized beam splitter is parallel to the interface where the long side of the second right-angle prism is positioned;
the second light incidence interface of the first polarization beam splitter is parallel to the interface where the long side of the first right-angle prism is located, and a first electric control rotary half wave plate is arranged between the second light incidence interface and the interface in parallel;
the first electric control rotary half wave plate can control the included angle between the main shaft direction and the horizontal direction to be 0 degree or 45 degrees through an electric signal;
The included angle between the main axis direction of the second half wave plate and the horizontal direction is 22.5 degrees.
Preferably, the delay controllable polarization beam combination rotating module comprises a first polarization beam splitter, a first right angle prism, a third right angle prism, a second half-wave plate, a third half-wave plate, a fourth half-wave plate and a phase modulator,
the first light incidence interface and the polarization transmission interface of the first polarization beam splitter are respectively parallel to the light emergence interface of the first half wave plate and the light incidence interface of the fourth half wave plate;
the polarized reflection interface of the first polarized beam splitter is parallel to the light incidence interface of the second half-wave plate;
the second light incidence interface of the first polarization beam splitter is parallel to the interface where the long side of the first right-angle prism is located, and a third half wave plate is arranged between the second light incidence interface and the interface in parallel;
the interfaces of the two right-angle sides of the third right-angle prism are respectively parallel to the light emergent interface of the fourth half-wave plate and the interface of the long side of the first right-angle prism; a phase modulator is vertically arranged between the third right-angle prism and the first right-angle prism;
the included angles between the principal axis direction and the horizontal direction of the second half wave plate, the third half wave plate and the fourth half wave plate are 22.5 degrees;
the phase modulator is used to modulate the phase difference between the TE mode and TM mode of the optical signal passing through it to be 0 or pi, respectively.
Preferably, the polarization selection module is a polarizer for passing only horizontally polarized light signals.
Preferably, the delay controllable polarization beam combination rotating module comprises a first polarization beam splitter, a fourth right-angle prism, a fifth right-angle prism, a third half-wave plate, a phase modulator, a quarter-wave plate and a reflecting mirror, and a multiplexed first half-wave plate,
the first light incidence interface and the polarization transmission interface of the first polarization beam splitter are respectively parallel to the light emergent interface of the first half-wave plate and the interface of the reflecting mirror;
the second light incidence interface of the first polarization beam splitter is parallel to the interface where one right-angle side of the fifth right-angle prism is located;
the polarized reflection interface of the first polarized beam splitter is parallel to the interface where one right-angle side of the fourth right-angle prism is located, and a third half-wave plate is arranged between the polarized reflection interface of the first polarized beam splitter and the interface where one right-angle side of the fourth right-angle prism is located in parallel;
the interface of the other right-angle side of the fourth right-angle prism and the interface of the other right-angle side of the fifth right-angle prism are parallel to the interface of the reflecting mirror; a phase modulator and a quarter wave plate are sequentially arranged between the fourth right-angle prism and the reflecting mirror;
the included angle between the main axis direction of the third half wave plate and the horizontal direction is 22.5 degrees;
the included angle between the main axis direction of the quarter wave plate and the horizontal direction is 45 degrees;
The phase modulator is used to modulate the phase difference between the TE mode and TM mode of the optical signal passing through it to be 0 or pi, respectively.
Preferably, the delay controllable polarization beam combination rotating module comprises a first polarization beam splitter, a fourth right-angle prism, a fifth right-angle prism, an electrically controlled rotation quarter-wave plate and a reflecting mirror, and a multiplexed first half-wave plate,
the first light incidence interface and the polarization transmission interface of the first polarization beam splitter are respectively parallel to the light emergent interface of the first half-wave plate and the interface of the reflecting mirror;
the second light incidence interface of the first polarization beam splitter is parallel to the interface where one right-angle side of the fifth right-angle prism is located;
the polarized reflection interface of the first polarized beam splitter is parallel to the interface of one right-angle side of the fourth right-angle prism, and an electric control rotation quarter wave plate is arranged between the polarized reflection interface of the first polarized beam splitter and the interface of one right-angle side of the fourth right-angle prism in parallel;
the interface of the other right-angle side of the fourth right-angle prism and the interface of the other right-angle side of the fifth right-angle prism are parallel to the interface of the reflecting mirror;
the electric control rotation quarter wave plate can control the included angle between the main axis direction and the horizontal direction to be 0 degree or 45 degrees through an electric signal.
Preferably, the delay controllable polarization beam combination rotating module comprises a first polarization beam splitter, a fourth right-angle prism, a fifth right-angle prism, a second electric control rotating half-wave plate and a reflecting mirror, and a multiplexed first half-wave plate,
The first light incidence interface and the polarization transmission interface of the first polarization beam splitter are respectively parallel to the light emergent interface of the first half-wave plate and the interface of the reflecting mirror;
the second light incidence interface of the first polarization beam splitter is parallel to the interface where one right-angle side of the fifth right-angle prism is located;
the polarized reflection interface of the first polarized beam splitter is parallel to the interface of one right-angle side of the fourth right-angle prism, and a second electric control rotary half-wave plate is arranged between the polarized reflection interface of the first polarized beam splitter and the interface of one right-angle side of the fourth right-angle prism in parallel;
the interface of the other right-angle side of the fourth right-angle prism and the interface of the other right-angle side of the fifth right-angle prism are parallel to the interface of the reflecting mirror;
the second electric control rotary half wave plate can control the included angle between the main axis direction and the horizontal direction to be 0 degree or 45 degrees through an electric signal.
Preferably, the polarization selection module is a second polarization beam splitter for passing horizontally polarized light signals and reflecting vertically polarized light signals to the photodetector.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a miniaturized quantum random number generator, which adopts a delay controllable polarization beam combination rotating module to enable light pulses generated at different time to carry out polarization beam combination and rotate by 45 degrees, thereby realizing the polarization interferometry of random phases and improving the stability and reliability of interference; the delay is controlled by adjusting the polarization state of the delayed optical pulse signal, so that the optical pulse signal passes through the same annular structure for multiple times to increase the delay, the space required by guaranteeing longer arm length difference is greatly reduced, the arm length difference can be randomly adjusted according to actual requirements, and the quantum random number generator has the advantages of simple and compact structure, easy miniaturization and higher stability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a miniaturized quantum random number generator according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a second embodiment of a spatial quantum entropy source of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of a third embodiment of a spatial quantum entropy source of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of a fourth embodiment of a spatial quantum entropy source of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic block diagram of a fifth embodiment of the spatial quantum entropy source of the present invention.
In the figure: the device comprises a space quantum entropy source 1, an electronic processing module 2, a pulse laser 1-1, a first half-wave plate 1-2, a delay controllable polarization beam combination rotating module 1-3, a first polarization beam splitter 1-3-1, a first right-angle prism 1-3-2, a second right-angle prism 1-3-3, a first electric control rotating half-wave plate 1-3-4, a second half-wave plate 1-3-5, a third right-angle prism 1-3-6, a third half-wave plate 1-3-7, a fourth half-wave plate 1-3-8, a phase modulator 1-3-9, a fourth right-angle prism 1-3-10, a fifth right-angle prism 1-3-11, a quarter-wave plate 1-3-12, a reflecting mirror 1-3-13, an electric control rotating quarter-wave plate 1-3-14, a second electric control rotating half-wave plate 1-3-15, a polarization selecting module 1-4, a second polarization beam splitter 1-4-1, a photoelectric detector 1-5, an analog-digital conversion module 2-2.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which embodiments of the invention are shown.
As shown in fig. 1, a miniaturized quantum random number generator embodiment one comprises a space quantum entropy source 1 and an electronics processing module 2, wherein the space quantum entropy source comprises a pulse laser 1-1, a first half-wave plate 1-2, a delay controllable polarization beam combination rotating module 1-3, a polarization selecting module 1-4 and a photoelectric detector 1-5; the electronic processing module 2 comprises an analog-to-digital conversion module 2-1 and a post-processing module 2-2;
the pulse laser 1-1 is used for generating a horizontally polarized light pulse signal;
the light pulse signal vertically enters the first half wave plate 1-2;
the main axis direction of the first half wave plate 1-2 forms 22.5 degrees with the horizontal direction, and is used for rotating the polarization state of the optical pulse signal by 45 degrees;
the light incidence interface and the emergent interface of the delay controllable polarization beam combination rotating module 1-3 are respectively parallel to the light emergent interface of the first half wave plate 1-2 and the light incidence interface of the polarization selecting module 1-4;
the delay controllable polarization beam combination rotating module 1-3 is used for polarization splitting of the light pulse signal polarized at 45 degrees into a first polarization component and a second polarization component, polarization beam combination is carried out on the second polarization component and the first polarization component after the second polarization component is delayed, the second polarization component rotates at 45 degrees, and the delay is controlled by adjusting the polarization state of the second polarization component;
The polarization selection module 1-4 is used for enabling specific polarization components of the delay controllable polarization beam combination rotation output optical signals to pass through to generate random light intensity signals to be detected;
the photoelectric detector 1-5 is used for converting the random light intensity signal to be detected into a random electric signal;
the analog-to-digital conversion module 2-1 is used for performing analog-to-digital conversion on the random electric signal to generate initial random bits;
the post-processing module 2-2 is configured to randomly extract the input initial random bits through a post-processing algorithm, and output the extracted quantum random numbers.
The delay controllable polarization beam combination rotating module 1-3 comprises a first polarization beam splitter 1-3-1, a first right-angle prism 1-3-2, a second right-angle prism 1-3-3, a first electric control rotating half wave plate 1-3-4 and a second half wave plate 1-3-5,
the first light incidence interface and the polarization transmission interface of the first polarization beam splitter 1-3-1 are respectively parallel to the light emergence interface of the first half-wave plate 1-2 and the light incidence interface of the second half-wave plate 1-3-5;
the polarized reflection interface of the first polarized beam splitter 1-3-1 is parallel to the interface where the long side of the second right angle prism 1-3-3 is positioned;
the second light incidence interface of the first polarization beam splitter 1-3-1 is parallel to the interface where the long side of the first right-angle prism 1-3-2 is located, and a first electric control rotary half wave plate 1-3-4 is arranged in parallel between the second light incidence interface and the interface;
The first electric control rotary half wave plate 1-3-4 can control the included angle between the main axis direction and the horizontal direction to be 0 degree or 45 degrees through an electric signal;
the included angle between the main axis direction of the second half wave plate 1-3-5 and the horizontal direction is 22.5 degrees.
The polarization selection modules 1-4 are polarizers for passing only horizontally polarized light signals.
The specific working principle of the embodiment is as follows:
the pulse laser 1-1 generates an optical pulse signal with a random phase and a horizontal polarization state, and the electric field of the optical pulse signal can be written as
，
Wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,the amplitude, frequency and phase of the optical pulse signal are respectively.
The horizontally polarized light pulse signal passes through the first half wave plate 1-2, and the polarization state is changed into 45 DEG linear polarization:
，
the first light incident interface perpendicularly incident on the first polarizing beam splitter 1-3-1 is then polarized and split into a first polarized component and a second polarized component, which can be written as respectively
，
Wherein the first polarization component is horizontally polarized and is directly transmitted from the first polarization beam splitter 1-3-1; the second polarization component is vertical polarization, and after being reflected by the first polarization beam splitter 1-3-1, the second polarization component sequentially passes through the second right-angle prism 1-3-3, the first right-angle prism 1-3-2 and the first electric control rotary half wave plate 1-3-4 to form a first loop and returns to the first polarization beam splitter 1-3-1.
When the first electrically controlled rotary half wave plate 1-3-4 controls the included angle between the main axis direction and the horizontal direction to be 45 degrees through the electric signal, the second polarization component changes into a following polarization state
，
I.e. the polarization state changes to horizontal polarization, is transmitted directly from the first polarizing beam splitter 1-3-1, and passes through the first loop again. When the first electric control rotary half wave plate 1-3-4 passes through again, the included angle between the main axis direction and the horizontal direction is changed to 0 degrees, namely the second polarization component is unchanged in polarization after passing through the second electric control rotary half wave plate, and still is horizontally polarized. At this point, the second polarization component will propagate all the way through the first loop, keeping its angle at 0 °. When the included angle of the main axis direction of the first electric control rotary half wave plate 1-3-4 is changed to 45 degrees again, the polarization state of the second polarization component is rotated by 90 degrees and changed into vertical polarization, and the vertical polarization component is reflected by the first polarization beam splitter 1-3-1 and does not propagate along the first loop, and the polarization state can be written as
，
Assume that the optical signal propagates once in the first loop for a time ofAnd when the second polarization component exits after n circles of rotation in the first loop, the second polarization component is delayed by n tau compared with the first polarization component. Assuming that nτ=mt, i.e., nτ is m times the period of the optical pulse signal, the first polarized component of one optical pulse at time t and the second polarized component of the other optical pulse signal generated at time t-mT are simultaneously emitted from the polarized transmission interface of the first polarizing beam splitter 1-3-1, and the two components are subjected to polarization synthesis, and the polarization state can be written as
，
Since the non-simultaneous optical pulse signals have an irrelevant random phase, the phase delay caused by the propagation of the second polarization component in the first loop can be ignored.
The polarized light pulse signal is passed through the second half wave plate 1-3-5, and its polarization state is changed into
，
The horizontal polarization of the light is processed by a polarizer to obtain a random light intensity signal to be detected, and the random electric signal generated after the detection and the filtering of the direct current component by the photoelectric detector 1-5 is
，
Wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,for the detection efficiency of the photodetectors 1-5, and (2)>Is the phase difference between the different optical pulse signals.
The random electric signal is converted into a digital signal through an analog-to-digital conversion module 2-1, namely an original random bit, then the randomness of the random original random bit is extracted through a post-processing module 2-2 according to a post-processing algorithm such as global hash, toeplitz matrix multiplication and the like, and finally a quantum random number with true randomness is output.
As shown in fig. 2, embodiment two:
the delay controllable polarization beam combination rotating module 1-3 comprises a first polarization beam splitter 1-3-1, a first right-angle prism 1-3-2, a third right-angle prism 1-3-6, a second half-wave plate 1-3-5, a third half-wave plate 1-3-7, a fourth half-wave plate 1-3-8 and a phase modulator 1-3-9,
The first light incidence interface and the polarization transmission interface of the first polarization beam splitter 1-3-1 are respectively parallel to the light emergence interface of the first half-wave plate 1-2 and the light incidence interface of the fourth half-wave plate 1-3-8;
the polarized reflection interface of the first polarized beam splitter 1-3-1 is parallel to the light incidence interface of the second half-wave plate 1-3-5;
the second light incidence interface of the first polarization beam splitter 1-3-1 is parallel to the interface where the long side of the first right-angle prism 1-3-2 is located, and a third half-wave plate 1-3-7 is arranged in parallel between the second light incidence interface and the interface;
the interfaces of the two right-angle sides of the third right-angle prism 1-3-6 are respectively parallel to the light emergent interface of the fourth half-wave plate 1-3-8 and the interface of the long side of the first right-angle prism 1-3-2; a phase modulator 1-3-9 is vertically arranged between the third right-angle prism 1-3-6 and the first right-angle prism 1-3-2;
the included angles between the main axis direction and the horizontal direction of the second half wave plate 1-3-5, the third half wave plate 1-3-7 and the fourth half wave plate 1-3-8 are 22.5 degrees;
the phase modulators 1-3-9 are used to modulate the optical signal passing through them with a phase difference between the TE mode and the TM mode of 0 or pi, respectively.
The polarization selection modules 1-4 are polarizers for passing only horizontally polarized light signals.
The second specific working process of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
The pulse laser 1-1 generates an optical pulse signal with a random phase and a horizontal polarization state, and the polarization state is changed into 45-degree linear polarization through the first half-wave plate 1-2:
，
the first light incident interface perpendicularly incident on the first polarizing beam splitter 1-3-1 is then polarized and split into a first polarized component and a second polarized component, which can be written as respectively
，
Wherein the first polarization component is vertically polarized and is directly reflected from the first polarization beam splitter 1-3-1; the second polarization component is horizontally polarized, and enters a second loop formed by a polarization beam splitting interface of the first polarization beam splitter 1-3-1, a fourth half-wave plate 1-3-8, a third right-angle prism 1-3-6, a phase modulator 1-3-9, a first right-angle prism 1-3-2 and a third half-wave plate 1-3-7 after being transmitted by the first polarization beam splitter 1-3-1. The second polarization component is first polarized and rotated 45 degrees by the fourth half wave plate 1-3-8, the polarization state is
，
After passing through the phase modulator 1-3-9, the phase difference between TE polarization mode and TM polarization mode becomes ϕ, and then the polarization state becomes after passing through the third half wave plate 1-3-7
，
When ϕ =0 or pi, the corresponding polarization states are respectively
Or->，
It is thus possible to adjust ϕ =pi when the second polarization component passes through the phase modulator 1-3-9 for the first time, so that the polarization state becomes vertically polarized when it returns to the first polarization beam splitter 1-3-1 again, being reflected by it, this process being when the second polarization component passes through the second loop for the first time.
When the second polarization component passes through the second loop again, ϕ =0 is adjusted so that the polarization state remains unchanged when it returns to the first polarization beam splitter 1-3-1 again, and thus propagates all the way through the second loop. When ϕ =pi is adjusted, the polarization state of the second polarized component is changed into horizontal polarization when the second polarized component returns to the first polarized beam splitter 1-3-1 again, the second polarized component is transmitted through the first polarized beam splitter 1-3-1 and does not propagate along the second loop, and the polarization state can be written as
，
Assuming that the optical signal propagates once in the second loop for τ, the second polarization component is delayed by nτ when it exits after n turns in the second loop, compared to the first polarization component. Assuming that nτ=mt, i.e., nτ is m times the period of the optical pulse signal, the first polarized component of one optical pulse at time t and the second polarized component of the other optical pulse signal generated at time t-mT are simultaneously emitted from the polarized reflection interface of the first polarizing beam splitter 1-3-1, and the two components are subjected to polarization synthesis, and the polarization state can be written as
，
Since the non-simultaneous optical pulse signals have an irrelevant random phase, the phase delay caused by the propagation of the second polarization component in the first loop can be ignored.
The polarized light pulse signal is passed through the second half wave plate 1-3-5, and its polarization state is changed into
，
The horizontal polarization of the light is processed by a polarizer to obtain a random light intensity signal to be detected, and the random electric signal generated after the detection and the filtering of the direct current component by the photoelectric detector 1-5 is
，
Wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,for the detection efficiency of the photodetectors 1-5, and (2)>Is the phase difference between the different optical pulse signals.
The random electric signal is converted into a digital signal through an analog-to-digital conversion module 2-1, namely an original random bit, then the randomness of the random original random bit is extracted through a post-processing module 2-2 according to a post-processing algorithm such as global hash, toeplitz matrix multiplication and the like, and finally a quantum random number with true randomness is output.
As shown in fig. 3, embodiment three:
the delay controllable polarization beam combination rotating module 1-3 comprises a first polarization beam splitter 1-3-1, a fourth right-angle prism 1-3-10, a fifth right-angle prism 1-3-11, a third half-wave plate 1-3-7, a phase modulator 1-3-9, a quarter-wave plate 1-3-12, a reflecting mirror 1-3-13 and a multiplexing first half-wave plate 1-2,
the first light incidence interface and the polarization transmission interface of the first polarization beam splitter 1-3-1 are respectively parallel to the light emergence interface of the first half-wave plate 1-2 and the interface of the reflecting mirror 1-3-13;
the second light incidence interface of the first polarizing beam splitter 1-3-1 is parallel to the interface where one right-angle side of the fifth right-angle prism 1-3-11 is located;
The polarized reflection interface of the first polarized beam splitter 1-3-1 is parallel to the interface of one right-angle side of the fourth right-angle prism 1-3-10, and a third half-wave plate 1-3-7 is arranged between the polarized reflection interface and the interface in parallel;
the interface of the other right-angle side of the fourth right-angle prism 1-3-10 and the interface of the other right-angle side of the fifth right-angle prism 1-3-11 are parallel to the interface of the reflecting mirror 1-3-13; a phase modulator 1-3-9 and a quarter wave plate 1-3-12 are sequentially arranged between the fourth right angle prism 1-3-10 and the reflecting mirror 1-3-13;
the included angles between the main axis direction and the horizontal direction of the third half wave plates 1-3-7 are 22.5 degrees;
the included angle between the main axis direction of the quarter wave plates 1-3-12 and the horizontal direction is 45 degrees;
the phase modulators 1-3-9 are used to modulate the optical signal passing through them with a phase difference between the TE mode and the TM mode of 0 or pi, respectively.
The polarization selection module 1-4 is a second polarization beam splitter 1-4-1, and is configured to pass horizontally polarized light signals, and reflect vertically polarized light signals to the photodetector 1-5.
The third specific working procedure of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
the pulse laser 1-1 generates an optical pulse signal with a random phase and a horizontal polarization state, which is transmitted through the second polarization beam splitter 1-4-1 and then passes through the first half-wave plate 1-2, and the polarization state is changed into 45-degree linear polarization:
，
Then perpendicularly incident to the first light incident interface of the first polarization beam splitter 1-3-1, and polarized and split into a first polarized component and a second polarized component, which can be written as respectively
，
The first polarization component is horizontally polarized, and directly transmitted from the first polarization beam splitter 1-3-1 and then reaches the reflecting mirror 1-3-13 to be reflected back to the first polarization beam splitter 1-3-1; the second polarization component is vertical polarization, and is reflected by the first polarization beam splitter 1-3-1 and then rotated by 45 degrees through the third half wave plate 1-3-7, and the polarization state is that
，
After passing through the phase modulator 1-3-9, the phase difference between the TE polarization mode and the TM polarization mode becomes ϕ 1, and the phase difference is reflected by the quarter wave plate 1-3-12 and the reflecting mirror 1-3-13, and then the phase is modulated ϕ 2 by the phase modulator 1-3-9 again through the quarter wave plate 1-3-12, and the polarization state becomes after passing through the third half wave plate 1-3-7
，
When Δ ϕ = ϕ 1- ϕ 2=0 or pi, the corresponding polarization states are respectively
Or->，
Therefore, when the second polarized component passes through the phase modulator 1-3-9 twice, the delta ϕ =pi is adjusted to change the polarization state into horizontal polarization when the second polarized component returns to the first polarized beam splitter 1-3-1 again, the horizontal polarization is directly transmitted, the second polarized component passes through the fifth right angle prism 1-3-11 to reach the reflecting mirror 1-3-13 and then is reflected, the second polarized component enters the first polarized beam splitter 1-3-1 again after passing through the fifth right angle prism 1-3-11, and the second polarized component passes through the reflecting polarization adjusting unit formed by the third half-wave plate 1-3-7, the fourth right angle prism 1-3-10, the phase modulator 1-3-9, the quarter-wave plate 1-3-12 and the reflecting mirror 1-3-13 again, and at the moment, delta ϕ =0 is adjusted to enable the polarization state to remain unchanged when the second polarized component returns to the first polarized beam splitter 1-3-1 again, and therefore the second polarized component always propagates in the third polarized beam splitter 1-3-1, the fifth right angle prism 1-3-11, the third half-wave plate 1-3-7, the fourth right angle prism 1-3-10, the quarter-wave plate 1-3-12 and the third half-wave plate 1-3-13. When Δ ϕ =pi is adjusted again, the polarization state becomes vertical when the second polarization component returns to the first polarization beam splitter 1-3-1 again, is reflected by the first polarization beam splitter 1-3-1, does not propagate along the third loop, and can be written as
，
Assuming that the optical signal propagates once in the third loop for τ, the second polarization component is delayed by nτ from the first polarization component when it exits after n turns in the third loop. Assuming that nτ=mt, i.e., nτ is m times the period of the optical pulse signal, the first polarized component of one optical pulse at time t and the second polarized component of the other optical pulse signal generated at time t-mT are simultaneously emitted from the polarized reflection interface of the first polarizing beam splitter 1-3-1, and the two components are subjected to polarization synthesis, and the polarization state can be written as
，
Since the non-simultaneous optical pulse signals have an irrelevant random phase, the phase delay caused by the propagation of the second polarization component in the first loop can be ignored.
The polarized light pulse signal passes through the first half wave plate 1-2, and the polarization state becomes
，
The horizontal polarization of the light is processed by a polarizer to obtain a random light intensity signal to be detected, and the random electric signal generated after the detection and the filtering of the direct current component by the photoelectric detector 1-5 is
，
Wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,for the detection efficiency of the photodetectors 1-5, and (2)>Is the phase difference between the different optical pulse signals.
The random electric signal is converted into a digital signal through an analog-to-digital conversion module 2-1, namely an original random bit, then the randomness of the random original random bit is extracted through a post-processing module 2-2 according to a post-processing algorithm such as global hash, toeplitz matrix multiplication and the like, and finally a quantum random number with true randomness is output.
As shown in fig. 4, embodiment four:
the delay controllable polarization beam combination rotating module 1-3 comprises a first polarization beam splitter 1-3-1, a fourth right-angle prism 1-3-10, a fifth right-angle prism 1-3-11, an electric control rotation quarter wave plate 1-3-14, a reflecting mirror 1-3-13 and a multiplexing first half wave plate 1-2,
the first light incidence interface and the polarization transmission interface of the first polarization beam splitter 1-3-1 are respectively parallel to the light emergence interface of the first half-wave plate 1-2 and the interface of the reflecting mirror 1-3-13;
the second light incidence interface of the first polarizing beam splitter 1-3-1 is parallel to the interface where one right-angle side of the fifth right-angle prism 1-3-11 is located;
the polarized reflection interface of the first polarized beam splitter 1-3-1 is parallel to the interface of one right-angle side of the fourth right-angle prism 1-3-10, and an electric control rotation quarter wave plate 1-3-14 is arranged between the polarized reflection interface and the interface in parallel;
the interface of the other right-angle side of the fourth right-angle prism 1-3-10 and the interface of the other right-angle side of the fifth right-angle prism 1-3-11 are parallel to the interface of the reflecting mirror 1-3-13;
the electric control rotation quarter wave plates 1-3-14 can control the included angle between the main axis direction and the horizontal direction to be 0 degree or 45 degrees through electric signals.
The polarization selection module 1-4 is a second polarization beam splitter 1-4-1, and is configured to pass horizontally polarized light signals, and reflect vertically polarized light signals to the photodetector 1-5.
The fourth specific working procedure of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
the pulse laser 1-1 generates an optical pulse signal with a random phase and a horizontal polarization state, which is transmitted through the second polarization beam splitter 1-4-1 and then passes through the first half-wave plate 1-2, and the polarization state is changed into 45-degree linear polarization:
，
then perpendicularly incident to the first light incident interface of the first polarization beam splitter 1-3-1, and polarized and split into a first polarized component and a second polarized component, which can be written as respectively
，
The first polarization component is horizontally polarized, and directly transmitted from the first polarization beam splitter 1-3-1 and then reaches the reflecting mirror 1-3-13 to be reflected back to the first polarization beam splitter 1-3-1; the second polarization component is vertical polarization, and is reflected by the first polarization beam splitter 1-3-1, passes through the electronically controlled rotation quarter wave plate 1-3-14, the fourth right angle prism 1-3-10 and the reflecting mirror 1-3-13, and returns to the first polarization beam splitter 1-3-1 after passing through the electronically controlled rotation quarter wave plate 1-3-14 again, wherein the polarization state is that
，
The second polarization component passes through the electric control rotation quarter wave plate 1-3-14, the corresponding main shaft angle is-45 degrees, namely the polarization of the second polarization component is rotated 90 degrees, the polarization state is changed into horizontal polarization to be directly transmitted when the second polarization component returns to the first polarization beam splitter 1-3-1, the second polarization component passes through the fifth right angle prism 1-3-11 to reach the reflecting mirror 1-3-13 and then is reflected, the second polarization component enters the first polarization beam splitter 1-3-1 after passing through the fifth right angle prism 1-3-11 and then passes through the reflecting polarization rotating unit formed by the electric control rotation quarter wave plate 1-3-14, the fourth right angle prism 1-3-10 and the reflecting mirror 1-3-13 in a reciprocating manner through the horizontal polarization after being transmitted again, and then the main shaft angle of the electric control rotation quarter wave plate 1-3-14 is adjusted to be 0 degrees, and the polarization state is kept unchanged when the second polarization component returns to the first polarization beam splitter 1-3-1. When the main axis angle of the electronically controlled rotation quarter wave plate 1-3-14 is adjusted to be 45 degrees again, the polarization state of the second polarization component is changed into vertical polarization when the second polarization component returns to the first polarization beam splitter 1-3-1 again, the second polarization component is reflected by the first polarization beam splitter 1-3-1 and does not propagate along the fourth loop, and the polarization state can be written as
，
Assuming that the optical signal propagates once in the fourth loop for τ, the second polarization component is delayed by nτ from the first polarization component when it exits after n turns in the fourth loop. Assuming that nτ=mt, i.e., nτ is m times the period of the optical pulse signal, the first polarized component of one optical pulse at time t and the second polarized component of the other optical pulse signal generated at time t-mT are simultaneously emitted from the polarized reflection interface of the first polarizing beam splitter 1-3-1, and the two components are subjected to polarization synthesis, and the polarization state can be written as
，
Since the non-simultaneous optical pulse signals have an irrelevant random phase, the phase delay caused by the propagation of the second polarization component in the first loop can be ignored.
The polarized light pulse signal passes through the first half wave plate 1-2, and the polarization state becomes
，
The horizontal polarization of the light is processed by a polarizer to obtain a random light intensity signal to be detected, and the random electric signal generated after the detection and the filtering of the direct current component by the photoelectric detector 1-5 is
，
Wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,for the detection efficiency of the photodetectors 1-5, and (2)>Is the phase difference between the different optical pulse signals.
The random electric signal is converted into a digital signal through an analog-to-digital conversion module 2-1, namely an original random bit, then the randomness of the random original random bit is extracted through a post-processing module 2-2 according to a post-processing algorithm such as global hash, toeplitz matrix multiplication and the like, and finally a quantum random number with true randomness is output.
As shown in fig. 5, embodiment five:
the delay controllable polarization beam combination rotating module 1-3 comprises a first polarization beam splitter 1-3-1, a fourth right-angle prism 1-3-10, a fifth right-angle prism 1-3-11, a second electric control rotating half-wave plate 1-3-15, a reflecting mirror 1-3-13 and a multiplexing first half-wave plate 1-2,
the first light incidence interface and the polarization transmission interface of the first polarization beam splitter 1-3-1 are respectively parallel to the light emergence interface of the first half-wave plate 1-2 and the interface of the reflecting mirror 1-3-13;
the second light incidence interface of the first polarizing beam splitter 1-3-1 is parallel to the interface where one right-angle side of the fifth right-angle prism 1-3-11 is located;
the polarized reflection interface of the first polarized beam splitter 1-3-1 is parallel to the interface of one right-angle side of the fourth right-angle prism 1-3-10, and a second electric control rotary half wave plate 1-3-15 is arranged between the polarized reflection interface and the interface in parallel;
the interface of the other right-angle side of the fourth right-angle prism 1-3-10 and the interface of the other right-angle side of the fifth right-angle prism 1-3-11 are parallel to the interface of the reflecting mirror 1-3-13;
the second electrically controlled rotary half wave plates 1-3-15 can control the included angle between the main axis direction and the horizontal direction to be 0 degree or 45 degrees through an electric signal.
The polarization selection module 1-4 is a second polarization beam splitter 1-4-1, and is configured to pass horizontally polarized light signals, and reflect vertically polarized light signals to the photodetector 1-5.
The fifth specific working procedure of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
the pulse laser 1-1 generates an optical pulse signal with a random phase and a horizontal polarization state, which is transmitted through the second polarization beam splitter 1-4-1 and then passes through the first half-wave plate 1-2, and the polarization state is changed into 45-degree linear polarization:
，
then perpendicularly incident to the first light incident interface of the first polarization beam splitter 1-3-1, and polarized and split into a first polarized component and a second polarized component, which can be written as respectively
，
The first polarization component is horizontally polarized, and directly transmitted from the first polarization beam splitter 1-3-1 and then reaches the reflecting mirror 1-3-13 to be reflected back to the first polarization beam splitter 1-3-1; the second polarization component is vertical polarization, reflected by the first polarization beam splitter 1-3-1, passes through the second electric control rotating half-wave plate 1-3-15, the fourth right-angle prism 1-3-10 and the reflecting mirror 1-3-13, passes through the second electric control rotating half-wave plate 1-3-15 again and returns to the first polarization beam splitter 1-3-1, and the polarization state is that
，
Here the principal axis direction is adjusted to 45 ° for the first pass through the second electronically controlled rotatable half wave plates 1-3-15 and 0 ° for the second pass.
Therefore, when the second polarization component returns to the first polarization beam splitter 1-3-1 again, the polarization state becomes horizontal polarization and is directly transmitted, the second polarization component is reflected after reaching the reflecting mirror 1-3-13 through the fifth right angle prism 1-3-11, enters the first polarization beam splitter 1-3-1 after passing through the fifth right angle prism 1-3-11 again, and passes through the reflective polarization rotating unit formed by the second electric control rotating half wave plate 1-3-15, the fourth right angle prism 1-3-10 and the reflecting mirror 1-3-13 in a round trip mode through the horizontal polarization after being transmitted again, and at the moment, the principal axis angle of the electric control rotating quarter wave plate 1-3-14 is adjusted to be 0 degree, so that the polarization state is kept unchanged when the second electric control rotating quarter wave plate returns to the first polarization beam splitter 1-3-1 again, and therefore the second electric control rotating half wave plate 1-3-15, the fourth right angle prism 1-3-10 and the reflecting mirror 1-3-13 can always propagate in a fifth loop formed by the first polarization beam splitter 1-3-1, the fifth right angle prism 1-3-11 and the second electric control rotating half wave plate 1-3-13. When the principal axis angle of the second electrically controlled rotary half wave plate 1-3-15 is regulated to 45 degrees again, the polarization state is changed into vertical polarization when the second polarization component returns to the first polarization beam splitter 1-3-1 again, the second polarization component is reflected by the first polarization beam splitter 1-3-1 and does not propagate along the fifth loop, and the polarization state can be written as
，
Assuming that the optical signal propagates once in the fifth loop for τ, the second polarization component is delayed by nτ from the first polarization component when it exits after n turns in the fifth loop. Assuming that nτ=mt, i.e., nτ is m times the period of the optical pulse signal, the first polarized component of one optical pulse at time t and the second polarized component of the other optical pulse signal generated at time t-mT are simultaneously emitted from the polarized reflection interface of the first polarizing beam splitter 1-3-1, and the two components are subjected to polarization synthesis, and the polarization state can be written as
，
Since the non-simultaneous optical pulse signals have an irrelevant random phase, the phase delay caused by the propagation of the second polarization component in the first loop can be ignored.
The polarized light pulse signal passes through the first half wave plate 1-2, and the polarization state becomes
，
The horizontal polarization of the light is processed by a polarizer to obtain a random light intensity signal to be detected, and the random electric signal generated after the detection and the filtering of the direct current component by the photoelectric detector 1-5 is
，
Wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,for the detection efficiency of the photodetectors 1-5, and (2)>Is the phase difference between the different optical pulse signals.
The random electric signal is converted into a digital signal through an analog-to-digital conversion module 2-1, namely an original random bit, then the randomness of the random original random bit is extracted through a post-processing module 2-2 according to a post-processing algorithm such as global hash, toeplitz matrix multiplication and the like, and finally a quantum random number with true randomness is output.
As can be seen from various embodiments of the present invention, the present invention proposes a miniaturized quantum random number generator, and adopts a delay controllable polarization beam combination rotation module to make light pulses generated at different times perform polarization beam combination and rotation by 45 °, so as to implement random phase polarization interferometry, and improve stability and reliability of interference; the delay is controlled by adjusting the polarization state of the delayed optical pulse signal, so that the optical pulse signal passes through the same annular structure for multiple times to increase the delay, the space required by guaranteeing longer arm length difference is greatly reduced, the arm length difference can be randomly adjusted according to actual requirements, and the quantum random number generator has the advantages of simple and compact structure, easy miniaturization and higher stability.
Claims (8)
1. The miniaturized quantum random number generator is characterized by comprising a space quantum entropy source (1) and an electronics processing module (2), wherein the space quantum entropy source comprises a pulse laser (1-1), a first half-wave plate (1-2), a delay controllable polarization beam combination rotating module (1-3), a polarization selecting module (1-4) and a photoelectric detector (1-5); the electronic processing module (2) comprises an analog-to-digital conversion module (2-1) and a post-processing module (2-2);
The pulse laser (1-1) is used for generating a horizontally polarized optical pulse signal;
the light pulse signal vertically enters the first half wave plate (1-2);
the main axis direction of the first half wave plate (1-2) forms 22.5 degrees with the horizontal direction, and is used for rotating the polarization state of the optical pulse signal by 45 degrees;
the light incidence interface and the emergent interface of the delay controllable polarization beam combination rotating module (1-3) are respectively parallel to the light emergent interface of the first half wave plate (1-2) and the light incidence interface of the polarization selecting module (1-4);
the delay controllable polarization beam combination rotating module (1-3) is used for polarization splitting of the light pulse signal with the polarization of 45 degrees into a first polarization component and a second polarization component, polarization beam combination is carried out on the second polarization component and the first polarization component after the second polarization component is delayed, the second polarization component is rotated by 45 degrees, and the delay is controlled by adjusting the polarization state of the second polarization component;
the polarization selection module (1-4) is used for enabling specific polarization components of the delay controllable polarization beam combination rotation output optical signals to pass through and generating random light intensity signals to be detected;
the photoelectric detector (1-5) is used for converting the random light intensity signal to be detected into a random electric signal;
the analog-to-digital conversion module (2-1) is used for performing analog-to-digital conversion on the random electric signal to generate initial random bits;
The post-processing module (2-2) is used for randomly extracting the input initial random bits through a post-processing algorithm and outputting the extracted quantum random numbers.
2. A miniaturized quantum random number generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the delay controllable polarization beam combining rotation module (1-3) comprises a first polarization beam splitter (1-3-1), a first right angle prism (1-3-2), a second right angle prism (1-3-3), a first electronically controlled rotation half-wave plate (1-3-4) and a second half-wave plate (1-3-5),
the first light incidence interface and the polarization transmission interface of the first polarization beam splitter (1-3-1) are respectively parallel to the light emergence interface of the first half-wave plate (1-2) and the light incidence interface of the second half-wave plate (1-3-5);
the polarized reflection interface of the first polarized beam splitter (1-3-1) is parallel to the interface of the long side of the second right-angle prism (1-3-3);
the second light incidence interface of the first polarization beam splitter (1-3-1) is parallel to the interface where the long side of the first right-angle prism (1-3-2) is located, and a first electric control rotary half wave plate (1-3-4) is arranged in parallel between the second light incidence interface and the interface;
the first electric control rotary half wave plate (1-3-4) can control the included angle between the main shaft direction and the horizontal direction to be 0 degree or 45 degrees through an electric signal;
The included angle between the main axis direction of the second half wave plate (1-3-5) and the horizontal direction is 22.5 degrees.
3. The miniaturized quantum random number generator of claim 1, wherein the delay controllable polarization beam combining rotation module (1-3) comprises a first polarization beam splitter (1-3-1), a first right angle prism (1-3-2), a third right angle prism (1-3-6), a second half-wave plate (1-3-5), a third half-wave plate (1-3-7), a fourth half-wave plate (1-3-8) and a phase modulator (1-3-9),
the first light incidence interface and the polarization transmission interface of the first polarization beam splitter (1-3-1) are respectively parallel to the light emergence interface of the first half-wave plate (1-2) and the light incidence interface of the fourth half-wave plate (1-3-8);
the polarized reflection interface of the first polarized beam splitter (1-3-1) is parallel to the light incidence interface of the second half-wave plate (1-3-5);
the second light incidence interface of the first polarization beam splitter (1-3-1) is parallel to the interface where the long side of the first right-angle prism (1-3-2) is located, and a third half wave plate (1-3-7) is arranged in parallel between the second light incidence interface and the interface;
the interfaces of the two right-angle sides of the third right-angle prism (1-3-6) are respectively parallel to the light emergent interface of the fourth half-wave plate (1-3-8) and the interface of the long side of the first right-angle prism (1-3-2); a phase modulator (1-3-9) is vertically arranged between the third right-angle prism (1-3-6) and the first right-angle prism (1-3-2);
The included angles between the main axis direction and the horizontal direction of the second half wave plate (1-3-5), the third half wave plate (1-3-7) and the fourth half wave plate (1-3-8) are 22.5 degrees;
the phase modulators (1-3-9) are used to modulate the TE mode and TM mode of the optical signal passing through them with a phase difference of 0 or pi, respectively.
4. A miniaturized quantum random number generator as claimed in claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the polarization selection module (1-4) is a polarizer for passing only horizontally polarized light signals.
5. The miniaturized quantum random number generator of claim 1, wherein the delay controllable polarization beam combining rotation module (1-3) comprises a first polarization beam splitter (1-3-1), a fourth right angle prism (1-3-10), a fifth right angle prism (1-3-11), a third half-wave plate (1-3-7), a phase modulator (1-3-9), a quarter-wave plate (1-3-12) and a mirror (1-3-13), and a multiplexed first half-wave plate (1-2),
the first light incidence interface and the polarization transmission interface of the first polarization beam splitter (1-3-1) are respectively parallel to the light emergence interface of the first half-wave plate (1-2) and the interface of the reflecting mirror (1-3-13);
the second light incidence interface of the first polarization beam splitter (1-3-1) is parallel to the interface of one right-angle side of the fifth right-angle prism (1-3-11);
The polarized reflection interface of the first polarized beam splitter (1-3-1) is parallel to the interface of one right-angle side of the fourth right-angle prism (1-3-10), and a third half-wave plate (1-3-7) is arranged between the polarized reflection interface and the interface in parallel;
the interface of the other right-angle side of the fourth right-angle prism (1-3-10) and the interface of the other right-angle side of the fifth right-angle prism (1-3-11) are parallel to the interface of the reflector (1-3-13); a phase modulator (1-3-9) and a quarter wave plate (1-3-12) are sequentially arranged between the fourth right angle prism (1-3-10) and the reflecting mirror (1-3-13);
the included angles between the main axis direction and the horizontal direction of the third half wave plate (1-3-7) are 22.5 degrees;
the included angle between the main axis direction of the quarter wave plates (1-3-12) and the horizontal direction is 45 degrees;
the phase modulators (1-3-9) are used to modulate the TE mode and TM mode of the optical signal passing through them with a phase difference of 0 or pi, respectively.
6. A miniaturized quantum random number generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the delay-controllable polarization beam-combining rotation module (1-3) comprises a first polarization beam splitter (1-3-1), a fourth right-angle prism (1-3-10), a fifth right-angle prism (1-3-11), an electronically controlled rotation quarter-wave plate (1-3-14) and a mirror (1-3-13), and a multiplexed first half-wave plate (1-2),
The first light incidence interface and the polarization transmission interface of the first polarization beam splitter (1-3-1) are respectively parallel to the light emergence interface of the first half-wave plate (1-2) and the interface of the reflecting mirror (1-3-13);
the second light incidence interface of the first polarization beam splitter (1-3-1) is parallel to the interface of one right-angle side of the fifth right-angle prism (1-3-11);
the polarized reflection interface of the first polarized beam splitter (1-3-1) is parallel to the interface of one right-angle side of the fourth right-angle prism (1-3-10), and an electric control rotation quarter wave plate (1-3-14) is arranged between the polarized reflection interface and the interface in parallel;
the interface of the other right-angle side of the fourth right-angle prism (1-3-10) and the interface of the other right-angle side of the fifth right-angle prism (1-3-11) are parallel to the interface of the reflector (1-3-13);
the electric control rotation quarter wave plate (1-3-14) can control the included angle between the main shaft direction and the horizontal direction to be 0 degree or 45 degrees through an electric signal.
7. A miniaturized quantum random number generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the delay-controllable polarization beam combining rotation module (1-3) comprises a first polarization beam splitter (1-3-1), a fourth right angle prism (1-3-10), a fifth right angle prism (1-3-11), a second electronically controlled rotating half-wave plate (1-3-15) and a mirror (1-3-13), and a multiplexed first half-wave plate (1-2),
The first light incidence interface and the polarization transmission interface of the first polarization beam splitter (1-3-1) are respectively parallel to the light emergence interface of the first half-wave plate (1-2) and the interface of the reflecting mirror (1-3-13);
the second light incidence interface of the first polarization beam splitter (1-3-1) is parallel to the interface of one right-angle side of the fifth right-angle prism (1-3-11);
the polarized reflection interface of the first polarized beam splitter (1-3-1) is parallel to the interface of one right-angle side of the fourth right-angle prism (1-3-10), and a second electric control rotary half wave plate (1-3-15) is arranged between the polarized reflection interface and the interface in parallel;
the interface of the other right-angle side of the fourth right-angle prism (1-3-10) and the interface of the other right-angle side of the fifth right-angle prism (1-3-11) are parallel to the interface of the reflector (1-3-13);
the second electric control rotary half wave plate (1-3-15) can control the included angle between the main shaft direction and the horizontal direction to be 0 degree or 45 degrees through an electric signal.
8. A miniaturized quantum random number generator according to claim 5 or 6 or 7, characterized in that the polarization selection module (1-4) is a second polarization beam splitter (1-4-1) for passing horizontally polarized light signals and reflecting vertically polarized light signals to the photodetector (1-5).
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| CN114579082A (en) * | 2022-05-06 | 2022-06-03 | 北京中科国光量子科技有限公司 | Quantum random number generator based on laser phase noise |
| CN114721625A (en) * | 2022-05-24 | 2022-07-08 | 北京中科国光量子科技有限公司 | Quantum random number generator based on integrated optical chip |
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