CN114156501A - Fuel cell cooling system for ship - Google Patents
Fuel cell cooling system for ship Download PDFInfo
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- CN114156501A CN114156501A CN202111333391.5A CN202111333391A CN114156501A CN 114156501 A CN114156501 A CN 114156501A CN 202111333391 A CN202111333391 A CN 202111333391A CN 114156501 A CN114156501 A CN 114156501A
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- fuel cell
- temperature
- cooling liquid
- heat exchange
- cooling
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 134
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N disulfur monoxide Inorganic materials O=S=S TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical compound S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention provides a fuel cell cooling system for a ship, which utilizes the special environment of fuel cell ship navigation to transfer the heat in a fuel cell into seawater through a cooling liquid. The cooling liquid takes away the heat in the fuel cell and then flows to the temperature regulating valve, the flow ratio of the cooling liquid flowing into the downstream heat exchange copper pipe and the bypass pipeline is regulated by the temperature regulating valve, the cooling capacity of the heat exchange copper pipe is changed, and the inlet temperature of the cooling liquid of the fuel cell is controlled. The control system is respectively electrically connected with the temperature sensor, the temperature regulating valve and the circulating water pump, and controls the action of the temperature regulating valve by analyzing and processing a temperature signal input by the temperature sensor at the cooling liquid inlet of the fuel cell. The invention utilizes low-temperature seawater to indirectly cool the fuel cell system, saves energy, improves heat transfer efficiency and ensures the high-efficiency operation of the power system of the ship fuel cell; the temperature of the cooling liquid inlet of the fuel cell is automatically adjusted, the temperature difference of the cooling liquid inlet and the cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell is not more than the limit value, the structure is simple, and the practicability is strong.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cell systems, in particular to a fuel cell cooling system for a ship.
Background
As one of the important carriers for the modern economic development of China, marine transportation plays an especially important role in national economy, and meanwhile, ocean vessels are also energy consumption and environmental pollution households. The hydrogen fuel cell is used as a power device for optimizing the energy structure in China and improving the energy safety, has no pollution, low noise and high efficiency, and the application of the hydrogen fuel cell in the ship industry becomes wider and wider along with the continuous improvement of the pollutant emission standard of ships.
During the reaction period of the fuel cell stack, the fuel cell generates a certain amount of heat, which accounts for 50% or more of the chemical energy conversion, due to the electrochemical reaction and the internal resistance of the cell. Therefore, great attention should be paid to the heat dissipation problem of the fuel cell, and if the heat generated by the fuel cell cannot be efficiently taken away, the fuel cell cannot normally operate, and the ship cannot normally sail.
At present, cooling of a cooling system of a hydrogen fuel cell ship fuel cell mainly comprises two modes of air cooling or cooling liquid cooling. The cooling system of the fuel cell has convenient operation, simple structure and low cooling efficiency, and needs to be additionally provided with a fan, so that the power consumption of the cooling system is increased, and the running cost of the fuel cell ship is increased; when the cooling liquid cools the galvanic pile, the surplus heat in the fuel galvanic pile is taken away, and the air is blown out by the cooling fan to cool the heated cooling liquid.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the technical problems of high energy consumption and poor cooling effect of the existing cooling technology of the hydrogen fuel cell of the ship, the cooling system of the fuel cell for the ship is provided. The invention mainly utilizes low-temperature seawater to indirectly cool the fuel cell system, thereby saving energy, improving heat transfer efficiency and ensuring normal and efficient operation of the power system of the ship fuel cell; the temperature of the cooling liquid inlet of the fuel cell can be automatically adjusted, the temperature difference of the cooling liquid inlet and the cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell is not more than the limit value, and the device is simple in structure and strong in practicability.
The technical means adopted by the invention are as follows:
a fuel cell cooling system for a ship, comprising: the system comprises a fuel cell, a circulating pipeline, a sensing module, a heat exchange copper pipe, a power module and an automatic temperature regulating module; wherein:
the fuel cell is arranged in a fuel cell cabin below a main deck of the ship;
the circulating pipeline is used for circulating cooling liquid and transferring heat in the fuel cell to low-temperature seawater through the heat exchange copper pipe;
the sensing module is used for collecting temperature signals of the outlet and the inlet of the cooling liquid of the fuel cell and converting the temperature signals into electric signals;
the heat exchange copper pipe is arranged at the bottom of the fuel cell ship and used for exchanging heat with low-temperature seawater and transferring heat generated by the fuel cell;
the power module is used for providing circulating power for the cooling liquid in the circulating pipeline and adjusting the flow of the cooling liquid;
and the automatic temperature regulating module is used for regulating the temperature of the cooling liquid inlet of the fuel cell.
Furthermore, the circulating pipeline passes through the interior of the fuel cell, the cooling liquid in the pipeline is used for absorbing the heat in the fuel cell, and the cooling liquid is conveyed to the heat exchange copper pipe through the circulating pipeline.
Further, the sensing module comprises a first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor;
the first temperature sensor is arranged at a cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell and used for collecting a temperature signal at the cooling liquid outlet and converting the temperature signal into an electric signal;
the second temperature sensor is arranged at a cooling liquid inlet of the fuel cell and used for collecting temperature signals at the cooling liquid inlet and converting the temperature signals into electric signals.
Furthermore, the heat exchange copper pipes are longitudinally arranged at the bottom of the ship, are divided into two groups and are respectively arranged on two sides of the keel of the bottom of the ship, and the heat exchange copper pipes are arranged in an S shape so as to increase the heat exchange area of the cooling liquid and the seawater.
Furthermore, the power module is a circulating water pump and is arranged in front of an inlet of the fuel cell cooling system to provide circulating power for the cooling liquid in the circulating pipeline; and meanwhile, the rotating speed of the circulating water pump is adjusted according to the heat load change of the fuel cell, so that the flow of the cooling liquid is adjusted.
Further, the automatic temperature adjusting module comprises a temperature adjusting valve, a bypass pipeline and a control system;
the temperature regulating valve is arranged at a bifurcation point of a main pipe and a branch pipe behind the outlet of the fuel cell cooling system, and the cooling capacity of the heat exchange copper pipe is controlled by regulating the flow ratio of the cooling liquid flowing to two downstream branches by controlling the opening degree of the temperature regulating valve;
the bypass pipeline is arranged behind the temperature regulating valve, is connected in parallel with the heat exchange copper pipe and is used for bypassing the cooling liquid and controlling the flow of the cooling liquid entering the heat exchange copper pipe;
the control system is respectively electrically connected with the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, the temperature regulating valve and the circulating water pump, and is used for receiving and processing temperature signals and executing control operation.
Furthermore, the temperature regulating valve is electrically connected with the control system, and the control system automatically regulates the opening of the temperature regulating valve according to the electric signal transmitted by the second temperature sensor, and controls the amount of the cooling liquid entering the heat exchange copper pipe, so that the inlet temperature of the fuel cell cooling system is automatically regulated.
Further, the control system collects temperature signals of the first temperature sensor, and controls the opening degree of the temperature regulating valve and the rotating speed of the circulating water pump according to a set range so as to regulate the temperature difference of the cooling liquid inlet and the cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell.
Furthermore, the bypass pipeline is positioned on a downstream branch of the temperature regulating valve, and the cooling liquid passing through the bypass pipeline and the cooling liquid cooled by the heat exchange copper pipe are mixed in the confluence pipeline.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention achieves the purpose of improving the working performance of the cooling system by designing the technical scheme of the hydrogen fuel cell cooling system of the hydrogen fuel cell ship under the large background that the ship pollutant emission control is increasingly strict and the hydrogen fuel cell power ship has good development prospect.
2. The cooling system for the fuel cell for the ship provided by the invention utilizes low-temperature seawater to indirectly cool the fuel cell, saves energy, improves heat transfer efficiency and ensures normal and efficient operation of the fuel cell on the ship.
3. According to the fuel cell cooling system for the ship, when the fuel cell operates under different power, the heat dissipation amount changes along with the load of the cell, and the heat load of the cooling liquid changes along with the change of the load of the cell; meanwhile, when the heat dissipation capacity of the fuel cell is overlarge, the control system can control the circulating water pump to increase the flow of the cooling liquid, enhance cooling, keep the outlet temperature of the cooling liquid not to exceed the limit value of 85 ℃, and ensure the safe operation of a power system of the fuel cell.
4. The fuel cell cooling system for the ship provided by the invention fully utilizes the structural characteristics of the ship, has excellent heat dissipation effect on the fuel cell, can automatically adjust the inlet temperature of the fuel cell cooling liquid, prevents the outlet temperature from exceeding the limit, and has simple structure and strong practicability.
For the above reasons, the present invention can be widely applied to the fields of fuel cells and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a structural view of a cooling system of a marine hydrogen fuel cell according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of a heat exchange copper pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a fuel cell; 2. a first temperature sensor; 3. a second temperature sensor; 4. a heat exchange copper pipe; 5. a temperature regulating valve; 6. a water circulating pump; 7. the control system (8, keel; 9, ship bottom; 10, circulating pipeline; 11, bypass pipeline; 12, confluence pipeline).
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The relative arrangement of the components and steps, the numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless specifically stated otherwise. Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective portions shown in the drawings are not drawn in an actual proportional relationship for the convenience of description. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate. Any specific values in all examples shown and discussed herein are to be construed as exemplary only and not as limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, further discussion thereof is not required in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the directional terms such as "front, rear, upper, lower, left, right", "lateral, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom", etc., are generally based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are used for convenience of description and simplicity of description only, and in the absence of any contrary indication, these directional terms are not intended to indicate and imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation or be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention: the terms "inner and outer" refer to the inner and outer relative to the profile of the respective component itself.
Spatially relative terms, such as "above … …," "above … …," "above … …," "above," and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one device or feature's spatial relationship to another device or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if a device in the figures is turned over, devices described as "above" or "on" other devices or configurations would then be oriented "below" or "under" the other devices or configurations. Thus, the exemplary term "above … …" can include both an orientation of "above … …" and "below … …". The device may be otherwise variously oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", and the like are used to define the components, and are only used for convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components, and the terms have no special meanings unless otherwise stated, and therefore, the scope of the present invention should not be construed as being limited.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a fuel cell cooling system for a ship, including: the system comprises a fuel cell 1, a circulating pipeline 10, a sensing module, a heat exchange copper pipe 4, a power module and an automatic temperature adjusting module; wherein:
the fuel cell 1 is arranged in a fuel cell cabin below a main deck of a ship;
the circulating pipeline 10 is used for circulating cooling liquid and transferring heat in the fuel cell 1 to low-temperature seawater through the heat exchange copper pipe 4;
the sensing module is used for collecting temperature signals of the outlet and the inlet of the cooling liquid of the fuel cell and converting the temperature signals into electric signals;
the heat exchange copper pipe 4 is arranged at the bottom 9 of the fuel cell ship and is used for exchanging heat with low-temperature seawater and transferring heat generated by the fuel cell 1;
the power module is used for providing circulating power for the cooling liquid in the circulating pipeline 10 and adjusting the flow rate of the cooling liquid;
and the automatic temperature regulating module is used for regulating the temperature of the cooling liquid inlet of the fuel cell.
In specific implementation, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fuel cell 1 is located in a fuel cell compartment under the main deck of the ship. The fuel cell 1 uses hydrogen in a hydrogen storage tank as fuel gas, uses air processed by an axial flow type air compressor as oxidizing gas, and the fuel gas and the oxidizing gas generate electric energy after electrochemical reaction in a fuel cell stack and penetrate through a proton exchange membrane. The process produces reactant water, no sulfur oxide, nitrogen oxide, carbon oxide and the like are discharged, no pollution is caused, and the power generation efficiency is high and can reach 65-85%.
In specific implementation, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the circulation pipeline 10 passes through the interior of the fuel cell 1, absorbs heat in the interior of the fuel cell 1 by using the in-pipeline cooling fluid, and conveys the cooling fluid to the heat exchange copper pipe 4 through the circulation pipeline 10. In this embodiment, the circulation pipeline 10 is a cooling circulation pipeline of the fuel cell 1, and the cooling liquid in the pipeline transfers the cold in the seawater to the fuel cell 1 during the electrochemical reaction of the fuel cell 1, i.e. transfers the heat in the fuel cell 1 to the low-temperature seawater. Use copper pipeline to improve the heat transfer effect in the pipeline, prevent the pipeline corrosion simultaneously, the pipe diameter is 25 mm.
In specific implementation, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sensing module includes a first temperature sensor 2 and a second temperature sensor 3; the first temperature sensor 2 is arranged at a cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell and used for collecting a temperature signal at the cooling liquid outlet and converting the temperature signal into an electric signal; the second temperature sensor 3 is arranged at the cooling liquid inlet of the fuel cell and used for collecting the temperature signal at the cooling liquid inlet and converting the temperature signal into an electric signal. The first temperature sensor 2 and the second temperature sensor 3 are electrically connected with the control system 7, and temperature signals at the inlet and outlet of the fuel cell cooling liquid are converted into electric signals through temperature sensing and are transmitted to the control system 7.
In specific implementation, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the heat exchange copper pipes 4 are longitudinally arranged at the bottom 9 of the ship, and divided into two groups, which are respectively arranged at two sides of the keel 8 of the bottom of the ship, and the heat exchange copper pipes 4 are arranged in an "S" shape to increase the heat exchange area between the cooling liquid and the seawater. In this embodiment, the cooling liquid is filled in the heat exchange copper pipe 4 to exchange heat with the seawater outside the pipe.
In specific implementation, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the power module is a circulating water pump 6, and is disposed in front of an inlet of the fuel cell cooling system to provide circulating power for the cooling liquid in the circulating pipeline 10; meanwhile, the rotation speed of the circulating water pump 6 is adjusted according to the change of the thermal load of the fuel cell 1, thereby adjusting the flow rate of the coolant. In this embodiment, the circulating water pump 6 is installed in the confluence line 12 downstream of the heat exchange copper pipe 4 and the bypass line 11. The circulating water pump 6 provides circulating power for the cooling liquid in the pipeline, so that the normal flow of the cooling liquid in the pipeline is ensured, and meanwhile, the flow rate of the cooling liquid is controlled so as to control the outlet temperature of the cooling liquid of the fuel cell 1 not to exceed the limit.
In specific implementation, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the automatic temperature adjusting module includes a temperature adjusting valve 5, a bypass pipeline 11 and a control system 7; specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
the temperature regulating valve 5 is arranged at the branch point of the main pipe and the branch pipe behind the outlet of the fuel cell cooling system, and the flow ratio of the cooling liquid flowing to the two downstream branches is regulated by controlling the opening degree of the temperature regulating valve 5, so that the cooling capacity of the heat exchange copper pipe 4 is controlled; in this embodiment, the temperature regulating valve 5 is electrically connected to the control system 7, and the control system 7 controls the flow ratio of the coolant flowing to the heat exchange copper pipe 4 through the temperature regulating valve 5 and the bypass pipeline 11, so as to control the flow of the coolant entering the heat exchange copper pipe 4.
The bypass pipeline 11 is arranged behind the temperature regulating valve 5, connected in parallel with the heat exchange copper pipe 4 and used for bypassing the cooling liquid and controlling the flow of the cooling liquid entering the heat exchange copper pipe 4;
the control system 7 is electrically connected with the first temperature sensor 2, the second temperature sensor 3, the temperature regulating valve 5 and the circulating water pump 6 respectively, and is used for receiving and processing temperature signals and executing control operation. In the embodiment, the control system 7 receives the temperature signal sent by the fuel cell cooling liquid inlet temperature sensor 3, and adjusts the fuel cell cooling liquid inlet temperature through the temperature adjusting valve 5 so as to maintain the cooling liquid inlet temperature of the fuel cell 1 at the optimal operation temperature of 60-75 ℃.
The working principle of the system of the invention is as follows:
when the load of the fuel cell 1 is increased, the heat dissipation capacity is also increased, the temperature of the cooling liquid rises, the opening degree of the temperature control valve 5 is adjusted by the control system 7, the flow ratio of the cooling liquid in the heat exchange copper pipe 4 and the bypass pipeline 11 is increased, and the heat exchange capacity with low-temperature seawater is increased, so that the temperature of the cooling liquid converged by the heat exchange copper pipe 4 and the bypass pipeline 11 is reduced, and the temperature of the cooling liquid inlet of the fuel cell tends to be stable. On the contrary, when the load of the fuel cell 1 is reduced, the heat dissipation capacity also becomes small, the temperature of the cooling liquid is reduced, the opening degree of the temperature control valve 5 is adjusted by the control system 7 at the moment, the flow ratio of the cooling liquid in the heat exchange copper pipe 4 and the bypass pipeline 11 is reduced, and the heat exchange capacity with the low-temperature seawater is reduced, so that the temperature of the cooling liquid after the heat exchange copper pipe 4 and the bypass pipeline 11 converge is increased, the temperature of the cooling liquid inlet of the fuel cell is continuously kept to be stable, and the automatic adjustment of the temperature of the inlet of the cooling system of the fuel cell is realized.
If the fuel cell has overlarge operation load or the heat productivity is increased due to the aging of the galvanic pile, the temperature of the cooling liquid outlet monitored by the temperature sensor 2 is greatly increased, the control system 7 controls the circulating water pump 6 to increase the flow of the cooling liquid, so as to enhance cooling, keep the temperature of the cooling liquid outlet not to exceed 85 ℃, and ensure the safe operation of the power system of the fuel cell.
After the series of automatic temperature adjustment processes of the cooling system for the marine hydrogen fuel cell, the cooling system can achieve the effect of automatically maintaining the fuel cell 1 at the optimal operation temperature of 60-75 ℃ by using the cold energy of low-temperature seawater, the operation cost of the marine cooling system is reduced, the normal operation of the marine hydrogen fuel cell is ensured, and the safe navigation of a hydrogen fuel cell ship is ensured.
Examples
In order to verify the feasibility of the invention, the parameters of the heat exchange copper pipe 4, such as pipe length, flow velocity in the pipe, and the like, are calculated. The design and calculation of the heat exchange copper pipe 4 are only used for explanation and are not used for limiting the patent of the invention.
Taking a hydrogen fuel cell with 75kW as an example, the energy conversion efficiency of converting chemical energy into electric energy is 40%, so when the fuel cell operates at the maximum power, about 112.5kW of heat is generated, i.e. the water cooling heat load of the fuel cell is about 112.5 kW; the maximum speed of the ship using the fuel cell as the main propulsion unit is about 18km/h, namely the flow velocity of the low-temperature seawater outside the heat exchange copper pipe is 5 m/s. And selecting the temperature of the seawater at 30 ℃ in summer as the calculated water temperature outside the heat exchange copper pipe.
Cooling liquid inlet temperature t 'of cooling pipeline of fuel cell'170 ℃ and outlet temperature t ″)1The working pressure p of the cooling liquid in the pipe is 1MPa (gauge pressure) at the temperature of 80 ℃; constant temperature t according to seawater2＝30℃；
Density rho of cooling liquid at 70 ═ 977.8kg/m2Viscosity μ 406.1 × 10-6Pa·s；
The design heat transfer capacity Q of the heat exchange copper pipe is 112.5 kW;
flow rate of coolant:
the heat exchange copper pipe is arranged at the bottom of the ship by dividing two pipelines in an S shape. The heat exchange copper pipe is designed to exchange heat at the bottom of the fuel cell ship in a mixed flow mode, and the bending times of the copper pipe are estimated to exceed 4 times preliminarily, so that pure countercurrent treatment is carried out according to the total flow direction of the cooling liquid and the seawater direction.
Countercurrent logarithmic mean temperature difference:
because the seawater is constant in temperature, the correction coefficient psi is 1 according to the temperature difference;
effective average temperature difference:
Δtm＝ψΔtcount＝44.8℃ (3)
the heat transfer in and out of the heat exchange copper pipe has no phase change, the cooling liquid is in the pipe, the seawater with high flow speed of 5m/s is out of the pipe, so the initial heat transfer coefficient K is 1000W/m2·℃；
Primarily selecting a heat transfer area:
the effective heat exchange area is 70 percent, so:
A＝A0/70％＝3.59m2 (5)
selecting a DN25 copper pipe;
outer diameter d of copper pipe0＝0.032m；
Inner diameter d of copper pipei＝0.025m；
And (3) calculating the total length by a tube pass:
the minimum bending radius of the bent pipe section is not less than twice of the external diameter phi 32 of the heat exchange pipe, so that the bending radius r of the bent pipe section is 70mm, namely, r is 0.07 m;
pipe length of the bent pipe section:
lr＝πr＝0.22m (7)
the length l of the straight pipe section is 3.5m, and the number n of the pipesl＝10；
At this time, the number n of the bent pipe sectionsr＝10；
Actual total length of tube side:
L＝nl·l+nr·lr＝10×3.5+10×0.22＝37.2m (8)
two branch pipes appear at the water inlet of the heat exchange copper pipe at the position of the keel, so nt＝2；
Tube pass flow cross-sectional area:
tube pass flow rate:
tube pass Reynolds number:
finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A fuel cell cooling system for a ship, characterized by comprising: the device comprises a fuel cell (1), a circulating pipeline (10), a sensing module, a heat exchange copper pipe (4), a power module and an automatic temperature adjusting module; wherein:
the fuel cell (1) is arranged in a fuel cell cabin below a main deck of a ship;
the circulating pipeline (10) is used for circulating cooling liquid and transferring heat in the fuel cell (1) to low-temperature seawater through the heat exchange copper pipe (4);
the sensing module is used for collecting temperature signals of the outlet and the inlet of the cooling liquid of the fuel cell and converting the temperature signals into electric signals;
the heat exchange copper pipe (4) is arranged at the bottom (9) of the fuel cell ship and is used for exchanging heat with low-temperature seawater and transferring heat generated by the fuel cell (1);
the power module is used for providing circulating power for the cooling liquid in the circulating pipeline (10) and adjusting the flow of the cooling liquid;
and the automatic temperature regulating module is used for regulating the temperature of the cooling liquid inlet of the fuel cell.
2. The cooling system for the fuel cell of the ship according to claim 1, wherein the circulation pipeline (10) passes through the inside of the fuel cell (1), the cooling liquid in the pipeline is used for absorbing the heat in the fuel cell (1), and the cooling liquid is conveyed to the heat exchange copper pipe (4) through the circulation pipeline (10).
3. The marine fuel cell cooling system according to claim 1, wherein the sensing module includes a first temperature sensor (2) and a second temperature sensor (3);
the first temperature sensor (2) is arranged at a cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell and used for collecting a temperature signal at the cooling liquid outlet and converting the temperature signal into an electric signal;
the second temperature sensor (3) is arranged at a cooling liquid inlet of the fuel cell and used for collecting temperature signals at the cooling liquid inlet and converting the temperature signals into electric signals.
4. The cooling system for the fuel cell of the ship as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heat exchange copper pipes (4) are longitudinally arranged at the bottom of the ship (9) and divided into two groups, and the two groups are respectively arranged at two sides of a keel (8) at the bottom of the ship, and the heat exchange copper pipes (4) are arranged in an S shape so as to increase the heat exchange area of the cooling liquid and the seawater.
5. The cooling system of the fuel cell for the ship according to claim 1, wherein the power module is a circulating water pump (6) which is arranged in front of an inlet of the cooling system of the fuel cell and provides circulating power for the cooling liquid in the circulating pipeline (10); meanwhile, the rotating speed of the circulating water pump (6) is adjusted according to the heat load change of the fuel cell (1), so that the flow of the cooling liquid is adjusted.
6. The marine fuel cell cooling system of claim 1, wherein the thermostat module comprises a temperature regulating valve (5), a bypass line (11) and a control system (7);
the temperature regulating valve (5) is arranged at a bifurcation point of the main pipe and the branch pipe behind the outlet of the fuel cell cooling system, and the cooling amount at the heat exchange copper pipe (4) is controlled by controlling the opening degree of the temperature regulating valve (5) to regulate the flow ratio of the cooling liquid flowing to two branches downstream;
the bypass pipeline (11) is arranged behind the temperature regulating valve (5), connected in parallel with the heat exchange copper pipe (4) and used for bypassing the cooling liquid and controlling the flow of the cooling liquid entering the heat exchange copper pipe (4);
the control system (7) is respectively electrically connected with the first temperature sensor (2), the second temperature sensor (3), the temperature regulating valve (5) and the circulating water pump (6) and is used for receiving and processing temperature signals and executing control operation.
7. The cooling system for the marine fuel cell according to claim 6, wherein the temperature regulating valve (5) is electrically connected with the control system (7), and the control system (7) automatically regulates the opening degree of the temperature regulating valve (5) according to the electric signal transmitted by the second temperature sensor (3) and controls the amount of the cooling liquid entering the heat exchange copper pipe (4), so that the inlet temperature of the cooling system for the fuel cell is automatically regulated.
8. The marine fuel cell cooling system according to claim 6, wherein the control system (7) collects a temperature signal of the first temperature sensor (2), and controls the opening degree of the temperature regulating valve (5) and the rotation speed of the circulating water pump (6) according to a set range to adjust the fuel cell coolant inlet-outlet temperature difference.
9. Cooling system for a fuel cell of a ship according to claim 6, characterized in that the bypass line (11) is located in the branch downstream of the temperature regulating valve (5), and the cooling liquid passing through the bypass line (11) is mixed with the cooling liquid cooled by the heat exchange copper pipe (4) in a confluence line (12).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111333391.5A CN114156501A (en) | 2021-11-11 | 2021-11-11 | Fuel cell cooling system for ship |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111333391.5A CN114156501A (en) | 2021-11-11 | 2021-11-11 | Fuel cell cooling system for ship |
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| CN114156501A true CN114156501A (en) | 2022-03-08 |
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| CN202111333391.5A Pending CN114156501A (en) | 2021-11-11 | 2021-11-11 | Fuel cell cooling system for ship |
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| CN109461952A (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2019-03-12 | 安徽明天氢能科技股份有限公司 | A kind of marine fuel battery cogeneration system |
| CN211125838U (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-07-28 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Fuel cell heat dissipation control system and fuel cell automobile |
| CN112448000A (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-03-05 | 大连海事大学 | Cooling water circulating device for marine fuel cell |
| CN113258097A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-08-13 | 四川荣创新能动力系统有限公司 | Control method of marine hydrogen fuel cell cooling system |
| CN214672694U (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-11-09 | 四川荣创新能动力系统有限公司 | Marine hydrogen fuel cell cooling system |
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2021
- 2021-11-11 CN CN202111333391.5A patent/CN114156501A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109461952A (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2019-03-12 | 安徽明天氢能科技股份有限公司 | A kind of marine fuel battery cogeneration system |
| CN211125838U (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-07-28 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Fuel cell heat dissipation control system and fuel cell automobile |
| CN112448000A (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-03-05 | 大连海事大学 | Cooling water circulating device for marine fuel cell |
| CN113258097A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-08-13 | 四川荣创新能动力系统有限公司 | Control method of marine hydrogen fuel cell cooling system |
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