CN114156103A - Maintenance switch, control method of maintenance switch and electric automobile - Google Patents

Maintenance switch, control method of maintenance switch and electric automobile Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114156103A
CN114156103A CN202010935765.XA CN202010935765A CN114156103A CN 114156103 A CN114156103 A CN 114156103A CN 202010935765 A CN202010935765 A CN 202010935765A CN 114156103 A CN114156103 A CN 114156103A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
contact
rod
service switch
state
switch
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Granted
Application number
CN202010935765.XA
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Chinese (zh)
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CN114156103B (en
Inventor
王鹏鹏
马爱国
武云龙
张顺
丘先威
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BYD Co Ltd
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BYD Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202010935765.XA priority Critical patent/CN114156103B/en
Priority to PCT/CN2021/106087 priority patent/WO2022052618A1/en
Publication of CN114156103A publication Critical patent/CN114156103A/en
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Publication of CN114156103B publication Critical patent/CN114156103B/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/20—Interlocking, locking, or latching mechanisms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
    • G01R19/16566—Circuits and arrangements for comparing voltage or current with one or several thresholds and for indicating the result not covered by subgroups G01R19/16504, G01R19/16528, G01R19/16533
    • G01R19/16576—Circuits and arrangements for comparing voltage or current with one or several thresholds and for indicating the result not covered by subgroups G01R19/16504, G01R19/16528, G01R19/16533 comparing DC or AC voltage with one threshold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Switch Cases, Indication, And Locking (AREA)
  • Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of maintenance switches, and discloses a maintenance switch, a control method of the maintenance switch and an electric automobile, wherein the maintenance switch comprises a first structure, and the first structure comprises a first contact and a second contact which are connected in series on a power supply line; a second structure for detachably connecting with the first contact and/or the second contact; the voltage detection unit is used for detecting a voltage value on the first contact and/or the second contact; the control unit is used for sending a locking instruction under the condition that the voltage value exceeds a safety value; and the action execution unit is used for locking the second structure when the locking instruction is received so as to refuse to release the original state between the second structure and the first contact and the second contact. The technical scheme provided by the invention can improve the operation safety of the maintenance switch.

Description

Maintenance switch, control method of maintenance switch and electric automobile
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of maintenance switches, in particular to a maintenance switch and a control method of the maintenance switch, and further relates to an electric automobile.
Background
The maintenance switch is used in a circuit system and is connected to a power supply loop of the circuit system. When a circuit system needs to be maintained, the maintenance switch needs to be manually turned off so as to avoid the situation that the electric equipment is electrified and hidden danger is brought to the operation safety of maintenance personnel, and after the maintenance is finished, the maintenance switch needs to be manually turned on by the maintenance personnel.
Taking a maintenance switch in an electric automobile as an example, a maintenance switch is generally connected in series on a connecting cable between a power battery and a high-voltage distribution box of the electric automobile, and the on-off of high-voltage electric equipment can be controlled through the maintenance switch. When the electric equipment in the electric automobile needs to be maintained, a maintenance person is required to manually turn off the maintenance switch, and after the maintenance is finished, the maintenance person is required to manually turn on the maintenance switch. In the process of switching off or switching on the maintenance switch, the vehicle is required to be in a flameout and uncharged state, if the maintenance switch is switched off or switched on when the vehicle is not flameout or is being charged, the maintenance switch and the cable are burnt out if the maintenance switch is light, and sparks are generated to cause the cable to fire, so that the vehicle, the surrounding environment and the personnel safety are endangered.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the technical problems in the prior art and provide a technical scheme capable of effectively improving the operation safety of a maintenance switch.
In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides a service switch, comprising:
the first structure comprises a first contact and a second contact which are connected in series on a power supply line, wherein the first contact and the second contact are connected with the power supply line in an electric connection state and are disconnected with the power supply line in an electric disconnection state;
a second structure for detachably connecting with the first contact and/or the second contact to electrically connect the first contact and the second contact in a connected state and to electrically disconnect the first contact and the second contact in a disconnected state;
the voltage detection unit is used for detecting a voltage value on the first contact and/or the second contact;
the control unit is used for sending a locking instruction under the condition that the voltage value exceeds a safety value;
and the action execution unit is used for locking the second structure when the locking instruction is received so as to refuse to release the original state between the second structure and the first contact and the second contact.
Optionally, the control unit is further configured to send an unlocking instruction when the voltage value on the first contact and/or the second contact is less than or equal to a safety value;
the action execution unit is further used for unlocking the second structure when the unlocking instruction is received so as to allow the original state between the second structure and the first contact and/or the second contact to be released.
Optionally, the action performing unit includes:
a locking portion movable between a first position and a second position to lock the second structure when in the first position and unlock the second structure when in the second position;
the driving part is used for driving the locking part to move between the first position and the second position.
Optionally, the locking portion is a rod-like member axially translatable to move between the first and second positions;
the driving part includes:
a driving motor for providing a driving force;
and the transmission mechanism is used for transmitting the driving force to the rod-shaped component so as to drive the rod-shaped component to axially translate.
Optionally, the second structure is formed with a hole corresponding to the rod-shaped member, and when the second structure is connected to the first contact and the second contact, the rod-shaped member extends into the hole to lock the second structure when the rod-shaped member is located at the first position, and when the rod-shaped member is located at the second position, the rod-shaped member is withdrawn out of the hole to unlock the second structure.
Optionally, the transmission mechanism comprises a cam and a gear engaged with each other, the cam and the gear being respectively connected with the rod-shaped member and the output shaft of the drive motor to convert axial rotation of the output shaft of the drive motor into axial translation of the rod-shaped member.
Optionally, the service switch further comprises:
the microswitch is used for controlling the driving part to drive the locking part to move between the first position and the second position under the action of external force triggering;
and the external force trigger switch is used for providing an external force trigger signal for the micro switch.
Optionally, the driving part and the microswitch are mounted in the same outer shell, and the external force trigger switch is mounted on the outer shell and has a stressed part located outside the outer shell;
the locking portion is a rod-like member that is axially translatable to move between the first position in which the rod-like member extends outside the housing and the second position in which the rod-like member is retracted within the housing;
an installation plate is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the outer housing for installing the outer housing at a predetermined installation position.
Optionally, the service switch further comprises: and the alarm unit is used for sending out an alarm signal under the condition that the voltage value on the first contact or the second contact exceeds a safety value.
Optionally, the first contact and the second contact are pin contacts parallel to and spaced apart from each other, the second structure being capable of being pluggably connected with the first contact and the second contact to electrically connect the first contact and the second contact in a plugged-in state and to electrically disconnect the first contact and the second contact in a unplugged state.
Optionally, the first structure comprises a receptacle comprising a first insulating housing and the first and second contacts mounted insulated from each other within the first insulating housing.
Optionally, a first guide channel and a second guide channel which are parallel to each other and spaced apart are mounted in the first insulating housing, the first contact is coaxially fixed in the first guide channel, and the second contact is coaxially fixed in the second guide channel; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
and a positioning plate is formed on the peripheral surface of the first insulating shell along the circumferential direction, and a connecting piece used for fixing the first insulating shell in the maintenance switch box body is arranged on the positioning plate.
Optionally, the second structure comprises a plug, the plug comprises a second insulating shell, and a first conductive channel and a second conductive channel which are installed in the second insulating shell, the first conductive channel and the second conductive channel are electrically connected with each other, and the first contact and the second contact can be correspondingly plugged in the first conductive channel and the second conductive channel respectively to realize electrical connection with each other.
Optionally, a raised positioning column is formed on an outer side wall of the first insulating housing, and a handle capable of rotating from a first orientation to a second orientation relative to the second insulating housing is hinged to an outer side wall of the second insulating housing; the handle is formed to be capable of cooperating with the locating post to lock the first and second structures when the first and second structures are connected by rotating the handle to the first orientation and to unlock the first and second structures by rotating the handle to the second orientation.
A second aspect of the present invention provides a method of controlling a service switch, the service switch including:
a first structure having a first contact and a second contact connected in series on a power supply line, the first contact and the second contact turning on the power supply line in an electrically connected state and turning off the power supply line in an electrically disconnected state;
a second structure for detachably connecting with the first contact and/or the second contact to electrically connect the first contact and the second contact in a connected state and to electrically disconnect the first contact and the second contact in a disconnected state;
the control method comprises the following steps:
detecting a voltage value on the first contact and/or the second contact;
under the condition that the voltage value exceeds a safety value, a locking instruction is sent;
and when the locking instruction is received, locking the second structure so as to refuse to release the original state between the second structure and the first contact and the second contact.
Optionally, the control method further includes: sending an unlocking instruction under the condition that the voltage value on the first contact and/or the second contact is less than or equal to a safety value; and the number of the first and second groups,
and when the unlocking instruction is received, unlocking the second structure to allow the original state between the second structure and the first contact and/or the second contact to be released.
Optionally, the control method further includes: and sending out an alarm signal when the voltage value on the first contact or the second contact exceeds a safety value.
A third aspect of the present invention provides an electric vehicle including a maintenance switch, the maintenance switch being the maintenance switch according to the first aspect of the present invention.
Optionally, the first contact is electrically connected to a bus of a power battery in the electric vehicle, and the second contact is electrically connected to a distribution box in the electric vehicle.
Optionally, the electric vehicle has a rear hatch, and the maintenance switch is configured such that the voltage detection unit and the control unit can be self-activated in a state where the rear hatch is opened.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the maintenance switch provided by the invention comprises a first structure and a second structure, wherein the first structure comprises a first contact and a second contact which are connected in series on a power supply circuit, and the second structure can be used for switching on or off the first contact and the second contact; the maintenance switch detects the voltage value on the first contact or the second contact through the voltage detection unit, and when the voltage value exceeds a safety value, the potential safety hazard can be generated by changing the connection state between the first structure and the second structure; at this time, the control unit in the maintenance switch sends a locking instruction to lock the second structure, and the original connection state or the original disconnection state between the second structure and the first structure is prevented from changing, so that the maintenance switch can be prevented from being switched on or off in a dangerous state, and the operation safety of the maintenance switch is improved.
Some other advantages of the present invention will be further described in the following detailed description.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a hardware block diagram of a service switch provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a service switch provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an exploded view of a service switch provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a first configuration of a service switch provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a second configuration of a service switch provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a side view of a second configuration of a service switch provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a front view of a service switch provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic perspective view of an operation actuator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a side view of an action actuator provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a flow chart of a method for controlling a service switch provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a control schematic diagram of a service switch according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the reference numerals
1-a first structure; 2-a second structure; 3-an action execution unit; 4-a control unit; 5-a voltage detection unit; 6-bus bar nose of power battery; 7-bolt; 8-a contact; 9-bus bar nose of high voltage distribution box; 10-a positioning column; 11-a conductive channel; 12-a handle; 13-well; 14-a second insulating housing; 15-a pilot hole; 16-external force trigger switch; 17-a rod-like member; 18-signal lines; 19-mounting a plate; 20-an outer shell; 21-positioning plate; 22-first insulating housing.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
In the present invention, the use of directional terms such as "upper, lower, left, right" generally means upper, lower, left, right with reference to the accompanying drawings, unless otherwise specified. "inner and outer" refer to the inner and outer contours of the component itself.
Referring to fig. 1 to 9, a first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention provides a service switch, including: a first structure 1, wherein the first structure 1 comprises a first contact 8 and a second contact 8 which are connected in series on a power supply line, and the first contact 8 and the second contact 8 are used for connecting the power supply line in an electrical connection state and disconnecting the power supply line in an electrical disconnection state; a second structure 2 for being separably connected with said first contact 8 and/or said second contact 8, to electrically connect said first contact 8 and said second contact 8 in a connected state, and to electrically disconnect said first contact 8 and said second contact 8 in a separated state; a voltage detection unit 5 for detecting a voltage value on the first contact 8 and/or the second contact 8; the control unit 4 is used for sending a locking instruction under the condition that the voltage value exceeds a safety value; and the action execution unit 3 is used for locking the second structure 2 when receiving the locking instruction so as to refuse to release the original state between the second structure 2 and the first contact 8 and the second contact 8.
In particular, the maintenance switch is widely applied to various circuit systems, including but not limited to circuit systems of vehicles, machine tools, distribution transformers and other equipment; the power supply line is a section of conductor in the circuit system, and the position of the conductor can be selected according to actual needs, which is not limited in the embodiment of the invention. The first contact 8 and the second contact 8 are both electric conductors, and are connected in series in the power supply line and are insulated from each other. The insulating means may be various, for example, the first contact 8 and the second contact 8 are spaced apart from each other with the insulating medium therebetween being air. Furthermore, the first contact 8 and the second contact 8 may be insulated from each other by other insulating media, such as plastic, rubber, etc. The first contact 8 and the second contact 8, which are insulated from each other, are connected in series on the power supply line without interference from other components, making it possible to electrically disconnect the power supply line. Further, the electrical connection state between the first contact 8 and the second contact 8 is controlled by other elements, so that the on/off of the power supply line where the first contact 8 and the second contact 8 are located can be changed.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the electrical connection state between the first contact 8 and the second contact 8 of the first structure 1 is controlled by the second structure 2. To achieve this, the second structure 2 comprises an electrical conductor which can be connected non-detachably with the first contact 8 and detachably with the second contact 8; or may be inseparably connected to the second contact 8 and detachably connected to the first contact 8; it is also possible to detachably connect with both the first contact 8 and the second contact 8.
In one embodiment, the electrical conductor may, for example, have one end in hinged electrical connection with the first contact 8 and another end in detachable connection with the second contact 8. The electric conductor is operated to rotate by taking the hinge point as a pivot, and when the electric conductor rotates to be contacted with the second contact 8, the first contact 8 and the second contact 8 are electrically connected with each other through the electric conductor; when the electrical conductor is rotated to separate from the second contact 8, the first contact 8 and the second contact 8 are electrically disconnected from each other.
In another embodiment, the electrical conductor may for example be hingedly connected to the second contact 8 and the other end detachably connected to the first contact 8, and the principle of the electrical conductor functioning between the first contact 8 and the second contact 8 is similar to the previous embodiments and will not be described here.
In a further embodiment, the electrical conductor may be detachably connected to both the first contact 8 and the second contact 8, the electrical connection between the first contact 8 and the second contact 8 being achieved when the electrical conductor electrically connects the first contact 8 and the second contact 8 at the same time, and the electrical disconnection between the first contact 8 and the second contact 8 being achieved when the electrical conductor is separated from the first contact 8 and the second contact 8.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned electrical connection refers to an electrically conductive connection, and when electrically connecting, the first contact 8 and the second contact 8 are not necessarily electrified, and whether electrified depends on whether the power supply line is completely connected.
The voltage detection unit 5 is used for detecting the voltage value on the first contact 8 and/or the second contact 8. Specifically, the original state between the first structure 1 and the second structure 2 is taken as an example in the connected state. When the first structure 1 is connected with the first contact 8 and the second contact 8, in order to avoid safety accidents such as fire and discharge in the process of separating the second structure 2, the voltage values on the first contact 8 and the second contact 8 need to be detected so as to ensure that the voltage value V1 on the first contact 8 and the voltage value V2 on the second contact 8 are below the safety value. Since the voltage V1 on the first contact 8 is equal to the voltage V2 on the second contact 8. At this time, the voltage detection unit 5 may select either one of the first contact 8 and the second contact 8 to perform voltage detection, or may simultaneously detect the voltages on the first contact 8 and the second contact 8.
When the original state between the first structure 1 and the first contact 8 and/or the second contact 8 is a separated state, in order to avoid the fire discharge caused by connecting the first structure 1 with the first contact 8 and the second contact 8 in the next step, the voltage values on the first contact 8 and the second contact 8 are required to be below the safety value at the same time. Since the first contact 8 and the second contact 8 are currently in the electrically open state, the voltage value V1 on the first contact 8 and the voltage value V2 on the second contact 8 may not be equal, and at this time, the voltage detection unit 5 detects the voltage V1 on the first contact 8 and the voltage V2 on the second contact 8 to ensure that the voltage value V1 on the first contact 8 and the voltage value V2 on the second contact 8 are both below the safety value.
It will be understood that the voltage detection unit 5 may directly detect the voltage value at the first contact 8 and/or the second contact 8 through a voltage acquisition unit connected to the first contact 8 and/or the second contact 8, or may indirectly detect the voltage value at the first contact 8 and/or the second contact 8 through a voltage detection unit 5 connected to other components of the circuit system, which means that the voltage detection unit 5 may be close to the first structure 1 or may be far from the first structure 1.
In an embodiment, the voltage detection unit 5 may include, for example, a sampling resistor and an ammeter. Taking the example that the voltage detection unit 5 is directly connected to the first contact 8 or the second contact 8, one end of the sampling resistor may be connected to the first contact 8 or the second contact 8, the other end of the sampling resistor may be connected to the input end of the ammeter, and the output end of the ammeter is grounded. The voltage value on the first contact 8 or the second contact 8 can be obtained by ohm's law I ═ U/R; wherein, U is a voltage value on the first contact 8 or the second contact 8, R is a resistance value of the sampling resistor, and I is a current value detected by the ammeter.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the voltage detection unit 5 is provided on each of the first contact 8 and the second contact 8, whereby the voltage values on the first contact 8 and the second contact 8 can be obtained, respectively.
The control unit 4 has a signal input terminal for receiving the voltage value detected by the voltage detection unit 5, comparing the voltage value with a safety value, and sending a locking instruction when the voltage value exceeds the safety value. The safety value may be preset and stored in the storage module of the control unit 4, and the control unit 4 may automatically determine and send the locking command, or may be a reference value manually input later, so that the control unit 4 may be manually operated to control the locking action of the action execution unit 3. The control unit 4 may be, for example, a local microprocessor, such as a single chip microcomputer, a digital signal processor, a programmable logic controller, or the like, or may be a remotely-installed computer, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a cloud server, or the like. That is, the control unit 4 may be connected to the voltage detection unit 5 and the operation execution unit 3 by local communication or remote communication.
By setting the safety value, the voltage value of the maintenance switch on the first contact 8 and/or the second contact 8 can be locked when exceeding the safety value, so that the maintenance switch cannot be operated to be opened or pulled out in a closed state, and the maintenance switch cannot be operated to be closed or inserted in an opened or pulled out state, thereby ensuring the operation safety of the maintenance switch, and preventing the maintenance switch and the cable from being burnt out or firing due to unsafe electrification.
The specific value of the safety value can be set according to actual needs. Taking a service switch in a vehicle as an example, according to the regulations of the 5.1.3.3 article "connector requirement" and the 5.1.3.4 article "high-voltage service disconnecting device requirement" in the national standard GB 18384-2020, in order to make the opening or plugging of the service switch in the vehicle meet the safety requirement, it is required that the opening or plugging operation of the service switch is performed only when the charged ac voltage on the first contact 8 and/or the second contact 8 is reduced to not more than 30V (a.c.) (rms) and the charged dc voltage on the first contact 8 and/or the second contact 8 is reduced to not more than 60V (d.c.).
It should be added that, according to the specification of article 5.1.3.4 "requirement for high voltage maintenance disconnect device" in the national standard GB 18384-2020, if the B-class voltage charged part in the vehicle meets the protection class requirement of IPXXB specified in GB/T4208-2017 after the vehicle maintenance switch is opened or pulled out, the maintenance switch can be directly opened or pulled out without paying attention to the voltage value on the first contact 8 and/or the second contact 8; this is also true when the service switch is inserted. In other words, the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention can reduce the protection level of the circuit system provided with the maintenance switch to a certain extent.
Wherein, the B-stage voltage charging part is a charging part divided according to the maximum working voltage. Specifically, the 4 th 'voltage class' in the national standard GB 18384-2020 specifies that an electrical element or a circuit is divided into a voltage class A and a voltage class B according to the maximum working voltage, wherein the maximum direct-current working voltage U of the voltage class A is more than 0V and less than or equal to U and less than or equal to 60V; the maximum alternating current working voltage U is more than 0V and less than or equal to 30V; the maximum direct current working voltage of the voltage class B is more than 60V and less than or equal to 1500V; the maximum alternating current working voltage is more than 30V and less than or equal to 1000V. For the class-A voltage circuit and the class-B voltage circuit which are mutually conductively connected, when one pole of a direct current live part in the circuit is connected with a level table, and the maximum voltage value of any other live part and the pole is not more than 30V (a.c.) (rms) and not more than 60V (d.c.), the conductive connection circuit does not belong to the class-B voltage circuit completely, and only the part which runs by the class-B voltage is considered as the class-B voltage circuit.
The action execution unit 3 is configured to lock the second structure 2 when receiving the locking instruction. After the locking of the second structure 2, it will not be possible to change the original state between the second structure 2 and the first and second contacts 8, 8 without using external tools. The original state between the second structure 2 and the first and second contacts 8, 8 includes an original connection state or an original separation state between the second structure 2 and the first contact 8, and an original connection state or an original separation state between the second structure 2 and the second contact 8; wherein the connected state indicates an electrically connected state and the disconnected state indicates an electrically disconnected state. Taking the second structure 2 and the first and second contacts 8 and 8 as an example, after the second structure 2 is locked, if the second structure 2 is originally in an insertion and combination state, the second structure 2 cannot be operated and pulled out; if the second structure 2 is originally in the pulled-out state, the second structure 2 cannot be operated to be inserted, so that the operation safety of the maintenance switch can be ensured.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the control unit 4 is further configured to send an unlocking instruction if the voltage value on the first contact 8 and/or the second contact 8 is less than or equal to a safety value; the action execution unit 3 is further configured to unlock the second structure 2 when receiving the unlocking instruction, so as to allow the original state between the second structure 2 and the first contact 8 and/or the second contact 8 to be released.
Specifically, when the circuit system needs to be maintained, the maintenance switch needs to be disconnected, after the maintenance is finished, the maintenance switch needs to be re-engaged, and when the voltage values on the first contact 8 and the second contact 8 are smaller than or equal to the safety value, the operation of connecting or disconnecting the maintenance switch is safe, at this time, the control unit 4 sends an unlocking instruction to allow the maintenance switch to be connected or disconnected, so that the electrical equipment in the circuit system can be maintained.
In particular, as previously described, the second structure 2 may, for example, have one end in hinged electrical connection with one of the first and second contacts 8, 8 and another end in detachable connection with the other of the first and second contacts 8, 8. When the second structure 2 is unlocked by the action performing unit 3 in the state where the second structure 2 is originally electrically connected to the first contact 8 and the second contact 8, the second structure 2 is operated to keep the second structure 2 in hinged electrical connection with one of the first contact 8 and the second contact 8, but to separate the second structure 2 from the other of the first contact 8 and the second contact 8, thereby electrically disconnecting the first contact 8 and the second contact 8. When the second structure 2 and the first contact 8 or the second contact 8 are originally in a separated state, and the second structure 2 is unlocked by the action execution unit 3, the second structure 2 is operated, so that the second structure 2 can be electrically connected with the first contact 8 or the second contact 8. For example, when the second structure 2 is originally electrically connected to the first contact 8 but is separated from the second contact 8, the second structure 2 may electrically reconnect the second contact 8 after unlocking; when the second structure 2 is originally separated from the first contact 8 but electrically connected with the second contact 8, after unlocking, the second structure 2 can be electrically connected with the first contact 8 again;
of course, the second structure 2 may also be detachably connected to the first contact 8 and the second contact 8 at the same time, and at this time, when the second structure 2 is originally separated from the first contact 8 and the second contact 8, and is unlocked, the second structure 2 may be operated to electrically reconnect the first contact 8 and the second contact 8. When the second structure 2 is originally connected with the first contact 8 and the second contact 8, after unlocking, the second structure 2 can be operated to separate the second structure 2 from the first contact 8 and the second contact 8.
The action executing unit 3 is used for executing locking or unlocking actions on the second structure 2, and the locking or unlocking actions have various modes, such as mechanical stopping, electromagnetic attraction and the like. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the second structure 2 is unlocked or locked by means of a mechanical stop.
Specifically, the action execution unit 3 includes: a locking portion movable between a first position and a second position to lock the second structure 2 in the first position and unlock the second structure 2 in the second position; the driving part is used for driving the locking part to move between the first position and the second position.
The locking portion may be, for example, a shutter that pivots about a fulcrum, and when the shutter pivots to a moving path of the second structure 2, the shutter may block the second structure 2 from moving, so as to prevent a connected state or a disconnected state of the second structure 2 and the first structure 1 from changing, and when the shutter is withdrawn from the moving path of the second structure 2, the connected state or the disconnected state between the second structure 2 and the first structure 1 may be allowed to change. The movement path of the second structure 2 refers to a spatial position through which the second structure 2 must move in order to separate or combine with the first structure 1, and in the case that the spatial position is occupied or blocked, the second structure 2 cannot change the connection state with the first structure 1, and only can maintain the original state.
The locking part can be driven by the driving motor, and the baffle plate can be vertically fixed with the output shaft of the driving motor, so that the baffle plate can be driven to rotate when the output shaft of the driving motor rotates.
In other embodiments of the invention, the locking portion may also be a rod-shaped member 17, the rod-shaped member 17 being axially translatable to move between the first position and the second position; when the rod-like member 17 is moved to the first position, the path of movement of the second structure 2 is blocked, and when the rod-like member 17 is moved to the second position, it is withdrawn from the path of movement of the second structure 2. In order to drive the locking part to rotate, the driving part generally comprises a driving motor, but the movement of the output shaft of the driving motor is axial rotation, and in order to convert the axial rotation of the output shaft of the driving motor into axial translation of the rod-shaped part 17, the driving part further comprises a transmission mechanism, and the driving force provided by the driving motor is transmitted to the rod-shaped part 17 through the transmission mechanism, so that the rod-shaped part 17 is driven to axially translate.
The form of the transmission mechanism capable of converting the axial rotation of the output shaft of the drive motor into an axial translation of the rod-shaped member 17 may be various. For example, one end of the rod-shaped member 17 may be made into a rack structure, or the rod-shaped member 17 may be fixed to a rack along a length direction of the rack, a gear may be coaxially fixed to an output shaft of the driving motor, and the rack may be engaged with the gear, so that the axial rotation of the output shaft of the driving motor may be converted into the axial translation of the rod-shaped member 17.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the transmission mechanism comprises a cam and a gear engaged with each other, which connect the rod-shaped member 17 and the output shaft of the drive motor, respectively, to convert the axial rotation of the output shaft of the drive motor into an axial translation of the rod-shaped member 17. The specific transmission method of converting axial rotation into axial translation through gears and cams belongs to the mature prior art, and is not described herein again.
The manner of cooperation between the second structure 2 and the rod-shaped member 17 for locking or unlocking the second structure 2 may be various, and in some simpler embodiments, the rod-shaped member 17 may block the moving path of the second structure 2, in which case the specific structure of the second structure 2 may be any. For example, the second structure 2 may be formed as a rod-shaped conductor, one end of which is hinged to the first contact 8, and the other end of which is detachably connected to the second contact 8, the rod-shaped member 17 may extend and contract along the moving path of the second structure 2, and when the rod-shaped member 17 extends out of the moving path of the second structure 2, the rod-shaped member may block the separation or the combination between the second structure 2 and the second contact 8, so as to prevent the original connection state between the second structure 2 and the second contact 8 from changing, and when the rod-shaped member 17 is withdrawn out of the moving path of the second structure 2, the second structure 2 may realize the connection or the separation between the second contacts 8.
In order to be able to better cooperate with the axially translating rod-shaped element 17 in order to lock the second structure 2 when the rod-shaped element 17 is in the first position and unlock the second structure 2 when the rod-shaped element 17 is in the second position, in the preferred embodiment of the invention, a hole 13 corresponding to the rod-shaped element 17 is formed in the second structure 2, and in the connected state of the second structure 2 with the first contact 8 and the second contact 8, the rod-shaped element 17 extends into the hole 13 to lock the second structure 2 when the rod-shaped element 17 is in the first position, and the rod-shaped element 17 is retracted out of the hole 13 to unlock the second structure 2 when the rod-shaped element 17 is in the second position. In particular, in the connected state, by projecting the rod-shaped element 17 into the hole 13 of the second structure 2, the second structure 2 can be locked, avoiding the second structure 2 from separating from the first structure 1; assuming that the spatial position of the rod-shaped member 17 is the first position when the rod-shaped member 17 is inserted into the hole 13 of the second structure 2 in the connected state and the spatial position of the rod-shaped member 17 is the second position when the rod-shaped member 17 is withdrawn out of the hole 13 of the second structure 2, in the disconnected state, when the rod-shaped member 17 is in the first position, the second structure 2 can be blocked from being combined with the first structure 1, thereby locking the second structure 2, and when the rod-shaped member 17 is in the second position, the combination between the second structure 2 and the first structure 1 is not disturbed.
It will be understood that the position of the formation of said hole 13 on the second structure 2 can be varied, as long as the direction of movement of the second structure 2 when it is detached, after the coupling of the hole 13 and the rod-shaped element 17, does not coincide with the axial direction of the hole 13.
As mentioned above, in other embodiments of the present invention, the locking or unlocking action of the second structure 2 can also be realized by electromagnetic attraction. For example, a permanent magnet is attached to the second structure 2, and an electromagnet capable of generating a magnetic attraction force when energized is attached to the operation executing unit 3. The electromagnet and the permanent magnet attract each other when energized, thereby locking the second structure 2. Thus, the second structure 2 can be locked or unlocked by controlling the on/off of the electromagnet.
The maintenance switch provided by the embodiment of the invention realizes locking or unlocking of the second structure 2 by controlling the action execution unit 3 through the control unit 4, and when a system fault occurs, the first structure 1 and the second structure 2 which are in a combined state can not be normally separated when maintenance is needed. In addition, in practical applications, there are times when it may be necessary to forcibly open the service switch. In order to solve the technical problem, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the service switch further includes: the microswitch is used for controlling the driving part to drive the locking part to move between the first position and the second position under the action of external force triggering; and the external force trigger switch 16 is used for providing an external force trigger signal for the micro switch. When the maintenance switch needs to be forcibly turned off, the movement of the locking portion between the first position and the second position can be controlled by operating the external force trigger switch 16, so that it is not necessary to depend on the voltage values on the first contact 8 and the second contact 8. This means that the service switch can be forcibly opened by the external force triggering the switch 16 even if the voltage values at the first contact 8 and the second contact 8 exceed the safety value.
Referring to fig. 8-9, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the driving unit and the micro switch are installed in the same outer casing 20, so that the driving unit, the micro switch and other electrical components can be protected by the outer casing 20 to prevent the external environment from interfering with the electrical components. The external force trigger switch 16 is installed on the outer shell 20 and is provided with a stressed part located on the outer side of the outer shell 20, so that external force with specific direction and magnitude can be applied to the stressed part outside the outer shell 20, the external force trigger switch 16 is operated to trigger the driving part to work, and manual operation for locking or unlocking the second structure 2 is facilitated.
The external force trigger switch 16 may be directly operated manually or may be operated by an operator via another operation tool. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the external force triggers the switch 16 to facilitate direct manual operation of the handle switch by the operator.
The handle switch is hinged on the outer shell 20 and is provided with a trigger part which is positioned in the outer shell 20 and matched with the micro switch, and the micro switch can be triggered to control the driving part to work by rotating the handle switch so as to drive the locking part to move between a first position and a second position. In a specific embodiment, the driving part is a driving motor, and the micro switch and the driving motor are configured to drive the motor to rotate forwards and backwards through the micro switch, so as to drive the locking part to move between the first position and the second position. It should be noted that the technology of the microswitch for controlling the forward and reverse rotation of the motor belongs to the prior art, and is not described herein again.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, in order to increase the compactness of the actuation unit 3, the locking portion is a rod-shaped member 17, the rod-shaped member 17 being axially translatable to move between the first position in which the rod-shaped member 17 protrudes outside the outer casing 20 and the second position in which the rod-shaped member 17 is retracted inside the outer casing 20. That is, the rod-like member 17 can be retracted into the outer case 20 without using the motion-executing unit 3, whereby the compactness of the entire motion-executing unit 3 can be improved, facilitating carrying and installation.
In a preferred embodiment, the voltage detection unit 5 may be integrated with the control unit 4 and arranged on the first structure 1 outside the outer housing 20. The signal output end of the control unit 4 can be connected with the driving part in the outer shell 20 through the signal wire 18, so as to control the driving part to drive the locking part to move.
Since the second structure 2 needs to be locked or unlocked by the locking portion, the motion performing unit 3 needs to be mounted at a predetermined position and cannot be freely moved. In order to facilitate mounting of the operation performing unit 3 at a fixed position, a mounting plate 19 is formed on an outer circumferential surface of the outer case 20, and the outer case 20 is mounted at a predetermined mounting position by the mounting plate 19. For example, the mounting plate 19 may be provided with through holes, and the outer housing 20 may be mounted at a fixed predetermined mounting position using a connector, such as a bolt, extending through the through holes.
Although the second structure 2 can be locked by the action-executing unit 3, in order to further ensure safety, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the service switch further comprises an alarm unit for issuing an alarm signal in case the voltage value on the first contact 8 or the second contact 8 exceeds a safety value. Thus, even if the system fails and the action execution unit 3 cannot normally lock the second structure 2, corresponding reminding can be given to an operator, and the operation safety of the maintenance switch is further improved. Typically, the alarm unit may be a voice alarm unit and/or an audible and visual alarm unit, etc., and the voice alarm unit and/or the audible and visual alarm unit is connected to the control unit 4 and controlled by the control unit 4.
As previously mentioned, there are a variety of ways in which the second structure 2 may be mated with the first and second contacts 8, 8. Such as a hinged connection, a plug-in connection, a push-button connection, etc. Referring to fig. 2-7, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second structure 2 is connected to the first contact 8 and the second contact 8 by a plug connection. In particular, the first contact 8 and the second contact 8 are pin contacts parallel to and spaced apart from each other, the second structure 2 being able to be connected pluggably with the first contact 8 and the second contact 8, to electrically connect the first contact 8 and the second contact 8 in the plugged-in state, and to electrically disconnect the first contact 8 and the second contact 8 in the unplugged state. In order to enable a plug-in connection with the first contact 8 and the second contact 8, the second structure 2 has a first conductive path 11 and a second conductive path 11 electrically connected to each other, the first conductive path 11 corresponds to the first contact 8, the second conductive path 11 corresponds to the second contact 8, and the aperture of the entrance position of the first conductive path 11 is larger than the internal aperture, so that the first contact 8 can be conveniently entered into the first conductive path 11 and be sufficiently electrically connected with the first conductive path 11 inside the first conductive path 11; the second conductive path 11 can also be arranged using the same principle.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 4, said first structure 1 comprises a socket comprising a first insulating housing 22 and said first contact 8 and said second contact 8 mounted insulated from each other inside said first insulating housing 22. By installing the first contact 8 and the second contact 8 in the first insulating housing 22, the operation safety of the maintenance switch can be improved, and personal safety accidents caused by the fact that an operator carelessly touches the electrified first contact 8 or the electrified second contact 8 can be avoided.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, to facilitate the insertion and extraction of the second structure 2 from the first contact 8 and the second contact 8, a first guide channel and a second guide channel are mounted in the first insulating housing 22, parallel to and spaced apart from each other, the first contact 8 being coaxially fixed in the first guide channel and the second contact 8 being coaxially fixed in the second guide channel. Therefore, in the process of plugging and unplugging the second structure 2, the plugging and unplugging action of the second structure 2 can be guided through the first guide channel and the second guide channel, so that the second structure 2 is easily and accurately connected with the first contact 8 and the second contact 8, and the first contact 8 and the second contact 8 can be more conveniently and smoothly switched on or off through the second structure 2.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the socket is mounted in a service switch box (not shown), and the protection level of the service switch can be improved by arranging the service switch box outside the socket. In order to fix the socket in the service switch box, a positioning plate 21 is formed on the outer circumferential surface of the first insulating housing 22 along the circumferential direction, and a connecting member for fixing the first insulating housing 22 in the service switch box is provided on the positioning plate 21. Specifically, the cross section of the first insulating housing 22 may be, for example, an ellipse, the entire structure presents a hollow elliptic cylindrical structure, the positioning plate 21 may be formed on an outer circumferential surface of the elliptic cylindrical structure and perpendicular to the outer circumferential surface of the elliptic cylindrical structure, a plurality of mounting holes are opened on the positioning plate 21 along the thickness direction, the plurality of mounting holes are spaced apart from each other along the circumferential direction of the positioning plate 21, and the connecting member is inserted in the mounting holes. In specific implementation, the connecting member may be, for example, a bolt 7, a screw, a rivet, a pin, or the like. The first guide passage and the second guide passage are respectively arranged on two sides of the inner part of the elliptic cylindrical structure along the direction parallel to the axial direction of the elliptic cylindrical structure, and the first guide passage and the second guide passage are preferably cylindrical passages.
Further, in order to match with the socket and improve the operation safety of the second structure 2, the second structure 2 comprises a plug, the plug comprises a second insulating shell 14, and a first conductive channel 11 and a second conductive channel 11 which are installed in the second insulating shell 14, the first conductive channel 11 and the second conductive channel 11 are electrically connected with each other, and the first contact 8 and the second contact 8 can be correspondingly plugged in the first conductive channel 11 and the second conductive channel 11 respectively so as to realize the electrical connection with each other. By arranging the second insulating shell 14 outside the first conductive path 11 and the second conductive path 11, personal safety accidents caused by the fact that operators touch the charged first conductive path 11 and the charged second conductive path 11 carelessly can be avoided.
As shown in fig. 5, the second insulating housing 14 may be, for example, a hollow elliptic cylindrical structure matching the shape of the first insulating housing 22, and in order to be inserted into the first guide passage and the second guide passage, the first conductive passage 11 and the second conductive passage 11 are formed to match the first guide passage and the second guide passage, that is, the first conductive passage 11 and the second insulating housing 14 are radially spaced apart from each other, and have an outer diameter slightly smaller than an outer diameter of the first guide passage, and an inner diameter at an inlet of the first conductive passage 11 is slightly larger than an outer diameter of the first contact 8, whereby the first conductive passage 11 may protrude into the first guide passage, and the first contact 8 may protrude into the first conductive passage 11; the outer diameter of the first contact 8 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the first conductive path 11 deep inside the first conductive path 11, whereby an interference fit between the first conductive path 11 and the first contact 8 can be achieved, thereby achieving an electrical connection therebetween. The second conductive path 11 is configured in the same manner as the first conductive path 11, and will not be described herein.
As shown in fig. 6, the hole on the second structure 2 is formed on the side wall of the second insulating housing 14, and the rod member 17 can be extended into the hole to lock the second structure 2 and retracted out of the hole to unlock the second structure 2.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, a raised positioning post 10 is formed on an outer side wall of the first insulating housing 22, and a handle 12 capable of rotating from a first orientation to a second orientation relative to the second insulating housing 14 is hinged on an outer side wall of the second insulating housing 14; the handle 12 is formed to be able to cooperate with the positioning post 10 so that when the first structure 1 and the second structure 2 are connected, the first structure 1 and the second structure 2 can be locked by turning the handle 12 to the first orientation and the first structure 1 and the second structure 2 can be unlocked by turning the handle 12 to the second orientation.
For example, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, a guide hole 15 is formed on the handle 12, and the handle 12 and the guide hole 15 are formed such that when the handle 12 is rotated to be parallel to the axial direction of the second insulating housing 14, that is, referring to fig. 3, when the handle 12 is rotated to be perpendicular to the upper surface of the second insulating housing 14, the positioning column 10 on the first structure 1 does not obstruct the insertion and extraction of the second structure 2. When the second structure 2 is connected with the first structure 1 in a plugging manner, the handle 12 is rotated to an orientation parallel to the upper surface of the insulating housing from an orientation perpendicular to the upper surface of the second insulating housing 14 to an orientation 90 °, so that the positioning column 10 can move along the guide hole 15 and finally be clamped in the guide hole 15, and the second structure 2 is locked.
When it is necessary to pull out the second structure 2 to disconnect the service switch, first, the voltage detection unit 5 detects the voltage value on the first contact 8 or the second contact 8, and when the voltage value is below a safe value, for example, 60V, the control unit 4 controls the action execution unit 3 to unlock the second structure 2, and then, the worker needs to rotate the handle 12 from an orientation parallel to the upper surface of the second insulating housing 14 to an orientation perpendicular to the upper surface of the second insulating housing 14. After that, the second structure 2 can be pulled out.
As can be seen from the above description, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second structure 2 and the first structure 1 are switched on and off, and a two-stage locking mechanism is overcome, wherein one stage locking mechanism is formed by the handle 12 and the positioning column 10, and the other stage locking mechanism is formed by the voltage detection unit 5, the control unit 4 and the action execution unit 3. In other words, the service switch requires at least two different actions to separate or connect the second structure 2 from or to the first structure 1, and the service switch and the action performing unit 3 have a mechanical locking relationship, and the action performing unit 3 must be opened by a tool before the service switch is turned on or off, which meets the requirements of the 5.1.3.3 article "connector requirement" in the national standard GB 18384-2020.
As shown in fig. 10, a second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a method of controlling a service switch, the service switch including: a first structure 1, the first structure 1 having a first contact 8 and a second contact 8 connected in series on a power supply line, the first contact 8 and the second contact 8 switching on the power supply line in an electrically connected state and switching off the power supply line in an electrically disconnected state; a second structure 2 for being separably connected with said first contact 8 and/or said second contact 8, to electrically connect said first contact 8 and said second contact 8 in a connected state, and to electrically disconnect said first contact 8 and said second contact 8 in a separated state; the control method comprises the following steps: detecting a voltage value V1 and/or V2 on the first contact 8 and/or the second contact 8; in the case that the voltage value V1 or V2 exceeds a safety value V0, sending a locking command; and when the locking instruction is received, locking the second structure 2 to refuse to release the original state between the second structure 2 and the first contact 8 and the second contact 8.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the control method further includes: sending an unlocking instruction when the voltage value on the first contact 8 and/or the second contact 8 is less than or equal to a safety value; and when the unlocking instruction is received, unlocking the second structure 2 to allow the original state between the second structure 2 and the first contact 8 and/or the second contact 8 to be released.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the control method further includes: and sending out an alarm signal when the voltage value of the first contact 8 or the second contact 8 exceeds a safety value.
The control method of the maintenance switch provided in the second aspect of the embodiment of the present invention corresponds to the maintenance switch provided in the first aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, and therefore, for more detailed description of the control method, reference is made to the maintenance switch provided in the first aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, and details thereof are not repeated here.
A third aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides an electric vehicle, which includes a maintenance switch, where the maintenance switch is the maintenance switch according to the first aspect of the embodiments of the present invention. By applying the maintenance switch provided by the first aspect of the embodiment of the invention to the electric vehicle, the safety of the electric vehicle can be improved.
The specific connection mode of the maintenance switch in the circuit system of the electric automobile can be various. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the service switch is connected between a power battery and a distribution box of the electric vehicle. For example, the maintenance switch may be connected in series between the positive bus of the power battery and the positive input end of the distribution box, or may be connected in series between the negative bus of the power battery and the negative input end of the distribution box.
The principle is as follows: in the maintenance switch, the first contact 8 is electrically connected with a bus bar of a power battery in the electric automobile, and as shown in fig. 4, the first contact 8 is electrically connected with a bus bar nose 6 of the power battery; the second contact 8 is electrically connected with a distribution box in the electric automobile, and as shown in fig. 4, the second contact 8 is electrically connected with a bus bar nose 9 of a high-voltage distribution box; under the on state of the maintenance switch, the power battery is used as a power supply to output voltage to the distribution box, and after the power is distributed by the distribution box, the power battery is distributed to each electric device, so that power is supplied to each electric device; when the electric equipment needs to be maintained, the maintenance switch needs to be manually operated to be disconnected. Before disconnecting the maintenance switch, the voltage detection unit 5 in the maintenance switch can detect the voltage value on the first contact 8 or the second contact 8 in advance, under the condition that the voltage value is lower than the safety value, the second structure 2 is allowed to be unlocked, when the voltage value on the first contact 8 or the second contact 8 exceeds the safety value, the action execution unit 3 locks the second structure 2, at the moment, the maintenance switch can not be manually disconnected, and the situation that a worker inserts and extracts the maintenance switch when a vehicle is electrified or charged due to carelessness is avoided. Under the condition that the maintenance switch is pulled out, if the voltage value of the first contact 8 or the second contact 8 is detected to exceed the safety value, the situation that the vehicle is electrified and is in the ON state, or a charging gun is inserted, or the vehicle is slowly discharged and does not reach the safety voltage range is shown, at the moment, the control unit 4 controls the action execution unit 3 to lock the second structure 2, and the second structure 2 is prevented from being connected with the first contact 8 and the second contact 8.
In order to detect the voltage value on the first contact 8 and/or the second contact 8, the first input end of the voltage detection unit 5 is connected to the bus output end of the power battery, the second input end is connected to the input end of a high-voltage distribution box or a six-in-one (an embodiment of the six-in-one includes integrating two driving motors, a steering system, a braking system, a DC-DC and the high-voltage distribution box) in the electric vehicle, the third input end is connected to the vehicle body ground, the output end of the voltage detection unit 5 is connected to the control unit 4, the control unit 4 may adopt a microprocessor, and the microprocessor sends a locking instruction and controls the action execution unit 3 to lock the second structure 2 when judging that the voltage value V1 on the first contact 8 or the voltage value V2 on the second contact 8 exceeds the safety value V0.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the microprocessor is further connected to an alarm unit, such as an indicator light, and controls the indicator light to remind the operator when the voltage value V1 on the first contact 8 or the voltage value V2 on the second contact 8 is judged to exceed the safety value V0.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the service switch may be installed in an electric car having a rear hatch. For such an electric vehicle, when the electric equipment in the vehicle needs to be repaired, the rear hatch is opened first, and then the disconnection of the repair switch is performed. For such a service switch, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the service switch is configured such that the voltage detection unit and the control unit are self-activatable in the rear hatch open state. To achieve this function, the electric vehicle is provided with a detection element, such as a microswitch, for detecting whether the rear hatch is open. The detection unit is in signal connection with the control unit 4, when the control unit 4 receives a signal that the rear cabin door is opened, the system can be controlled to be powered on, the voltage detection unit 5 automatically detects the voltage value on the first contact 8 or the second contact 8, and the control unit 4 can send an unlocking or locking instruction according to the voltage value. Therefore, when the maintenance switch is managed, an operator does not need to independently start the maintenance switch, and the intellectualization level and the operation safety of the maintenance switch are further improved.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, many simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the invention. Including each of the specific features, are combined in any suitable manner. The invention is not described in detail in order to avoid unnecessary repetition. Such simple modifications and combinations should be considered within the scope of the present disclosure as well.

Claims (20)

1. A service switch, characterized in that the service switch comprises:
the first structure comprises a first contact and a second contact which are connected in series on a power supply line, wherein the first contact and the second contact are connected with the power supply line in an electric connection state and are disconnected with the power supply line in an electric disconnection state;
a second structure for detachably connecting with the first contact and/or the second contact to electrically connect the first contact and the second contact in a connected state and to electrically disconnect the first contact and the second contact in a disconnected state;
the voltage detection unit is used for detecting a voltage value on the first contact and/or the second contact;
the control unit is used for sending a locking instruction under the condition that the voltage value exceeds a safety value;
and the action execution unit is used for locking the second structure when the locking instruction is received so as to refuse to release the original state between the second structure and the first contact and the second contact.
2. The service switch according to claim 1, wherein the control unit is further configured to send an unlock command if the voltage value on the first contact and/or the second contact is less than or equal to a safety value;
the action execution unit is further used for unlocking the second structure when the unlocking instruction is received so as to allow the original state between the second structure and the first contact and/or the second contact to be released.
3. The service switch according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the action performing unit comprises:
a locking portion movable between a first position and a second position to lock the second structure when in the first position and unlock the second structure when in the second position;
the driving part is used for driving the locking part to move between the first position and the second position.
4. The service switch of claim 3, wherein the latch portion is a rod-like member that is axially translatable to move between the first position and the second position;
the driving part includes:
a driving motor for providing a driving force;
and the transmission mechanism is used for transmitting the driving force to the rod-shaped component so as to drive the rod-shaped component to axially translate.
5. The service switch of claim 4, wherein the second structure has a hole formed therein corresponding to the rod-like member, wherein the rod-like member extends into the hole to lock the second structure when the rod-like member is in the first position in a state where the second structure is connected to the first contact and the second contact, and wherein the rod-like member is withdrawn out of the hole to unlock the second structure when the rod-like member is in the second position.
6. The service switch of claim 4, wherein the transmission mechanism comprises a cam and a gear engaged with each other, the cam and the gear connecting the rod-shaped member and the output shaft of the driving motor, respectively, to convert axial rotation of the output shaft of the driving motor into axial translation of the rod-shaped member.
7. The service switch of claim 3, further comprising:
the microswitch is used for controlling the driving part to drive the locking part to move between the first position and the second position under the action of external force triggering;
and the external force trigger switch is used for providing an external force trigger signal for the micro switch.
8. The service switch of claim 7, wherein the driving portion and the microswitch are mounted in a same outer housing, and the external force trigger switch is mounted on the outer housing and has a force receiving portion located outside the outer housing;
the locking portion is a rod-like member that is axially translatable to move between the first position in which the rod-like member extends outside the housing and the second position in which the rod-like member is retracted within the housing;
an installation plate is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the outer housing for installing the outer housing at a predetermined installation position.
9. The service switch of claim 1, further comprising: and the alarm unit is used for sending out an alarm signal under the condition that the voltage value on the first contact or the second contact exceeds a safety value.
10. The service switch of claim 1, wherein the first contact and the second contact are pin contacts that are parallel to and spaced apart from each other, and the second structure is pluggably connectable with the first contact and the second contact to electrically connect the first contact and the second contact in a plugged-in state and to electrically disconnect the first contact and the second contact in a unplugged state.
11. The service switch of claim 10, wherein the first structure comprises a receptacle comprising a first insulative housing and the first and second contacts mounted within the first insulative housing in isolation from one another.
12. The service switch of claim 11, wherein the first insulative housing has mounted therein first and second guide channels that are parallel to and spaced apart from one another, the first contact being coaxially secured within the first guide channel, the second contact being coaxially secured within the second guide channel; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
and a positioning plate is formed on the peripheral surface of the first insulating shell along the circumferential direction, and a connecting piece used for fixing the first insulating shell in the maintenance switch box body is arranged on the positioning plate.
13. The service switch of claim 11, wherein the second structure comprises a plug, the plug comprises a second insulating housing, and a first conductive path and a second conductive path mounted in the second insulating housing, the first conductive path and the second conductive path are electrically connected to each other, and the first contact and the second contact can be correspondingly plugged in the first conductive path and the second conductive path, respectively, to achieve electrical connection therebetween.
14. The service switch of claim 13, wherein a raised positioning post is formed on an outer side wall of the first insulating housing, and a handle is hinged to an outer side wall of the second insulating housing and can be rotated from a first orientation to a second orientation relative to the second insulating housing; the handle is formed to be capable of cooperating with the locating post to lock the first and second structures when the first and second structures are connected by rotating the handle to the first orientation and to unlock the first and second structures by rotating the handle to the second orientation.
15. A method of controlling a service switch, the service switch comprising:
a first structure having a first contact and a second contact connected in series on a power supply line, the first contact and the second contact turning on the power supply line in an electrically connected state and turning off the power supply line in an electrically disconnected state;
a second structure for detachably connecting with the first contact and/or the second contact to electrically connect the first contact and the second contact in a connected state and to electrically disconnect the first contact and the second contact in a disconnected state;
the control method comprises the following steps:
detecting a voltage value on the first contact and/or the second contact;
under the condition that the voltage value exceeds a safety value, a locking instruction is sent;
and when the locking instruction is received, locking the second structure so as to refuse to release the original state between the second structure and the first contact and the second contact.
16. The control method according to claim 15, characterized by further comprising: sending an unlocking instruction under the condition that the voltage value on the first contact and/or the second contact is less than or equal to a safety value; and the number of the first and second groups,
and when the unlocking instruction is received, unlocking the second structure to allow the original state between the second structure and the first contact and/or the second contact to be released.
17. The control method according to claim 16, characterized by further comprising: and sending out an alarm signal when the voltage value on the first contact or the second contact exceeds a safety value.
18. An electric vehicle, characterized in that the electric vehicle comprises a service switch according to any one of claims 1-14.
19. The electric vehicle of claim 18, wherein the first contact is electrically connected to a bus bar of a power battery in the electric vehicle and the second contact is electrically connected to a power distribution box in the electric vehicle.
20. The electric vehicle according to claim 18, wherein the electric vehicle has a rear hatch, and the service switch is configured such that the voltage detection unit and the control unit can be self-activated in an open state of the rear hatch.
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