CN114155769A - Equatorial sundial principle demonstration instrument - Google Patents
Equatorial sundial principle demonstration instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN114155769A CN114155769A CN202210046291.2A CN202210046291A CN114155769A CN 114155769 A CN114155769 A CN 114155769A CN 202210046291 A CN202210046291 A CN 202210046291A CN 114155769 A CN114155769 A CN 114155769A
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- 241001247287 Pentalinon luteum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B19/00—Teaching not covered by other main groups of this subclass
- G09B19/12—Clock-reading
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B27/00—Planetaria; Globes
- G09B27/02—Tellurions; Orreries
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Abstract
The invention discloses an equatorial sundial principle demonstration instrument, which comprises a shell part, a sundial body and a rotating and controlling part; the housing part is used for installing a sundial body, the rotating and controlling part comprises a supporting wheel (6), a cylinder (8), a light source (9), a long hole (10), a friction wheel (13) and a rocking handle (14), the surface of the cylinder (8) is provided with the long hole (10) along the axis direction, the light source (9) capable of sliding is installed on the surface of the cylinder, the supporting wheel (6) is fixed on an annular plate on the front surface and the rear surface of a shell (7), two end parts of the cylinder (8) are respectively clamped in the middle of each pair of supporting wheels (6) on two sides, the rocking handle (14) is rotated, the friction wheel (13) can drive the cylinder (8) to rotate, the light source (9) is arranged on different solar terms positions of the long hole (10), the rotating along with the cylinder (8), the simulated sun moves in the south and north of the equator in different seasons such as winter and summer, and the working principle of the equatorial sundial is demonstrated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a scientific instrument principle demonstration device, in particular to an equatorial sundial principle demonstration instrument.
Background
The principle of the sundial is that the projection direction of the sun is used for measuring and dividing the time, and the method for using the sundial for timing is a great discovery of human beings in the field of astronomical timing, and the sundial is used by human beings for thousands of years.
Sundials are of various types, and the equatorial sundial is the most important and common sundial in the world and is also the most classical and traditional astronomical observation instrument in ancient China. However, people at present generally only simply know that the theory of 'measuring time by using the projection direction of the sun' is the skin shallow theory, but the deep astronomy principle of the people is little known, so that people do not know how to correctly mount and use an equatorial sundial for measurement, and therefore, in some large tourist attractions or large cultural activity places, the equatorial sundial is wrong in mounting direction, wrong in inclination angle, single-sided measurement of the sundial and the like, and the sundial measurement or the complete measurement of time cannot be used.
The projection of the sundial is moved along with the change of the angle of the sun light, but nobody can always watch for several hours, so that the dynamic working condition of the sundial cannot be seen, people are in different latitudes and seasons of the earth, the state of the sundial and the direction observed by people are different, and the sundial is also an important reason that people cannot understand the working principle of the sundial.
Another disadvantage of sundials is that they cannot be used without solar radiation, which also results in people not being able to observe the working conditions of sundials without the sun.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the background technology, provides the sundial with simple structure and convenient operation, can directly demonstrate the scientific principle of equatorial sundial projection time measurement, shows the brilliant scientific treasure of the ancient people in the field of vision of modern people in some large tourist attractions, enriches the tourist culture, improves the culture grade of the tourist attractions, and can also be used for popularization and teaching of astronomical and historical knowledge.
The shadow plane of the equatorial sundial is parallel to the equator, which is called the equatorial plane for short, and the angle alpha between the shadow plane parallel to the equator and the ground at different geographic positions is different, so that the angle between the shadow plane and the ground needs to be adjusted when the sundial is observed at different geographic positions; the included angle between the shadow needle of the equatorial sundial and the ground plane is required to be the same as the local latitude and points to the north pole, namely the shadow needle is parallel to the rotation axis of the earth. The scales on the sundial are divided equally, and the shadows projected on the sundial by the sundial in summer and winter can be projected on the north and south surfaces of the sundial respectively, so that the sundial is suitable for being used in low and medium latitude areas.
During the period from spring to autumn, the sun always runs in the north side of the equator of the sky, the sun rays irradiate the north surface of the sundial, and the shadow of the sundial is projected above the sundial surface; during the period from the autumn to the spring, the sun runs on the south side of the equator of the sky, the solar rays irradiate on the south surface of the sundial, and the shadow of the sundial is projected to the lower side of the sundial. So the upper surface of the sundial is seen after the spring equinox; after the autumn equinox, the lower surface of the sundial is seen, as shown in figure 1.
Based on the basic principle of the equatorial sundial, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention discloses an equatorial sundial principle demonstration instrument, which comprises a shell part, a sundial body and a rotating and controlling part, wherein the shell part is provided with a shell body;
the shell comprises a base 3, a summer solar term board 4, a winter solar term board 5, a shell 7, a light screen 11, a support plate 12, a setting window 15, a gradienter 25 and a compass 26, wherein the base 3 is a rectangular square frame horizontal plate, the rectangular part is erected on the rectangular part to support the shell 7, the gradienter 25 and the compass 26 are arranged on the upper surface of the front end of the rectangular square frame horizontal plate, and the four corners of the lower surface are respectively provided with a support leg capable of adjusting the level;
the shell 7 is a cylinder with a horizontal axis and placed in the north-south direction, the front surface and the rear surface of the cylinder are provided with annular plates, the front annular plate faces the north, the lower end of the annular plate is provided with a summer solar term board 4 (shown in figure 2), the rear annular plate faces the south, the lower end of the annular plate is provided with a winter solar term board 5 (shown in figure 4), the middle of the bottom sides of the two annular plates is fixedly connected with a support plate 12, the upper end of the support plate 12 is provided with a light screen 11, and the lower end of the support plate 12 is provided with a bulge for connecting with a component of a rotating and controlling part.
A rectangular setting window 15 is arranged at the left cylinder of the shell 7 and used for setting a rotating and controlling part.
The sundial body include sundial 1, sundial 2, support 21, butterfly nut 22, angle pointer 23, scale 24, pivot 27, the upper surface outside of sundial 1 has clockwise 24 hours scale, the inboard 12 hours for corresponding terrestrial branch, the lower surface scale is according to the anticlockwise mark, sundial 2 passes behind the sundial 1 center perpendicularly and points to the north pole direction, the sundial 1 both ends are installed on support 21 through pivot 27, the bottom of support 21 passes light screen 11 vertical fixation on bearing plate 12.
The support 21 is two long-strip columns, wherein the left support is provided with scales 24, the angle pointer 23 synchronously rotates along with the rotating shaft 27, and the angle pointer 23 and the angle of the dial 1 relative to the ground plane are fixed by the butterfly nut 22.
The rotating and controlling part comprises a supporting wheel 6, a cylinder 8, a light source 9, a long hole 10, a friction wheel 13, a rocking handle 14, an indicating plate 16, a throttle pointer 17, a button 18, a spotlight 19 and an elastic sheet 20;
as shown in fig. 9, the cylinder 8 has a long hole 10 machined on the surface along the axial direction, and a strong light source 9 capable of sliding along the long hole 10 is mounted on the long hole 10; an indication board 16 is arranged at the upper end of the long hole 10, and marks from spring to autumn and from autumn to spring are marked on the indication board 16;
The efficient battery generally can be a lithium battery with larger capacity sold in the market, and for example, a spotlight lithium battery pack produced by Shenzhen Shanghai core battery Limited company can be selected, the parameter of the spotlight lithium battery pack is 14.8v 4.4ah, and the spotlight lithium battery pack can be suitable for led energy-saving lamps.
The supporting wheels 6 are fixed on annular plates on the front surface and the rear surface of the shell 7, 4 pairs of supporting wheels 6 are uniformly distributed on the inner surfaces of the front annular plate and the rear annular plate respectively, two end parts of the cylinder 8 are clamped between each pair of supporting wheels 6, the cylinder 8 is suspended in the shell 7, the rocking handle 14 penetrates through the annular plate at the front end of the shell 7 and then is inserted into a bulge arranged at the lower end of the supporting plate 12, the friction wheel 13 is fixedly installed on the rocking handle 14, and the rocking handle 14 is rotated, so that the friction wheel 13 can drive the cylinder 8 to rotate;
the light source 9 is arranged at different solar terms of the long hole 10, and the light source simulates the movement of the sun in the north and south of the equator in different seasons such as winter and summer along with the rotation of the cylinder 8.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the equatorial sundial principle demonstration instrument has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the novel teaching instrument is used for popularizing and teaching astronomical and almanac knowledge, the real sundial cannot see the dynamic working condition of the sundial, people are in different latitudes and seasons of the earth, the state of the sundial and the direction observed by the people are different, and the real sundial cannot show the working process of the sundial, which is also an important reason that people cannot understand the working principle of the sundial; another disadvantage of the real sundial is that the real sundial cannot be used without solar irradiation, which also results in that people cannot observe the working condition of the sundial without the sun and further cannot know the working principle of the sundial. The equatorial sundial demonstrator fills the blank that the teaching content does not have a teaching instrument, vividly demonstrates the relationship between the solar operation and the 24 solar terms, and demonstrates the scientific principle of the equatorial sundial.
(2) The equatorial sundial demonstrator can be made into a large instrument, provides cultural activities for visiting and participating for some large tourist attractions, shows the splendid scientific and technological treasure of the ancient people in the field of vision of modern people, enriches the tourist culture and improves the culture grade of the tourist attractions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the equatorial sundial principle
Fig. 2 is a front schematic view of a structure diagram of the equatorial sundial principle demonstration instrument of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an equatorial sundial principle demonstration instrument according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a rear schematic view of a structure diagram of the equatorial sundial principle demonstrator of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a sun setting window of the equatorial sundial principle demonstration instrument of the invention.
Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of an equatorial sundial principle demonstrator a-a of the present invention.
Figure 7 is a top view of the base of the equatorial sundial principle demonstrator of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a light source of the equatorial sundial principle demonstrator of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic view of a cylinder part of the equatorial sundial principle demonstrator of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of a sundial surface for demonstrating the equatorial sundial principle of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a schematic view of a support on the left side of the equatorial sundial principle demonstrator of the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a detailed labeling diagram of the indicating board of the equatorial sundial principle demonstrating instrument of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a dial, 2, a sundial, 3, a base, 4, a summer solar term board, 5, a winter solar term board, 6, a supporting wheel, 7, a shell, 8, a cylinder, 9, a light source, 10, a long hole, 11, a light screen, 12, a supporting plate, 13, a friction wheel, 14, a rocking handle, 15, a setting window, 16, an indicating plate, 17, a solar term pointer, 18, a button, 19, a spotlight, 20, an elastic sheet, 21, a support, 22, a butterfly nut, 23, an angle pointer, 24, scales, 25, a level, 26, a compass, 27 and a rotating shaft.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The use method of the equatorial sundial principle demonstration instrument comprises the following steps:
firstly, the demonstration instrument is placed on the ground level, the support legs below the base 3 are adjusted through the level meter 25, so that the rectangular square frame plate of the base 3 is in the horizontal position, and the summer solar term board 4 faces the north through the compass 26; then rotate the rocking handle 14, the friction pulley 13 drives the drum 8 rotatory, the drum 8 is rotatory around the sundial 1 in shell 7, rotate slot hole 10 to setting up window 15 department, can see through slot hole 10 behind the frame 21 and the angle pointer 23 of left side support, the angle alpha of manual regulation sundial 1 relative horizon equals local latitude, if the north latitude 30 degrees in Zhejiang lake city is about, then rotatory sundial 1 makes the upper end of sundial 1 deflect 30 degrees south, angle pointer 23 aligns with 30 degrees angle graduations on scale 24 after, lock sundial 1 with butterfly nut 22, sundial 2 points to north pole direction this moment.
If the time is in a certain season from the spring equinox to the autumn equinox, the sundial time is read relative to the summer solar terms board 4. Firstly, the position of a light source 9 is arranged at a setting window 15, namely, a solar term pointer 17 points to the position of the solar term marked in an indicator 16 (see fig. 12), a spotlight 19 is turned on by pressing a button 18, when a rocking handle 14 is rotated clockwise, the spotlight simulates the sun to be positioned at the north side of the equator and rotates from east to west, light rays pass through a light shielding plate 11 and then show that the sun crosses the horizon, the light ray is projected to the upper surfaces of a shadow dial 2 and the shadow dial 1, and the projection of the shadow dial 2 left on the shadow dial 1 rotates the scales of time and twelve hours clockwise, namely, the numerical value of the time and the corresponding time and hour are indicated.
If the time is in a certain season from the autumn to the spring, the sundial time is read relative to the winter solar terms 5. Firstly, the position of the light source 9 is arranged at the position of the setting window 15, namely, the position of the solar term marked in the indication board 16 is pointed by the solar term pointer 17 (see fig. 12), the spotlight 19 is opened by pressing the button 18, when the rocking handle 14 is rotated anticlockwise, the spotlight simulates that the sun is positioned at the south side of the equator and rotates from east to west, light is projected to the lower surfaces of the sundial 2 and the sundial 1, the projection of the sundial 2 left on the sundial 1 rotates anticlockwise through the scales of time and twelve hours, when the sun is simulated to be positioned at different positions, the sundial 2 indicates the numerical value of the corresponding time and the corresponding time.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (4)
1. An equatorial sundial principle demonstration instrument is characterized by comprising a shell part, a sundial body and a rotating and controlling part;
the shell comprises a base (3), a summer solar term board (4), a winter solar term board (5), a shell (7), a light screen (11), a support plate (12), a gradienter (25) and a compass (26), wherein the base (3) is a rectangular square horizontal plate, the rectangular part is erected on the rectangular horizontal plate to support the shell (7), the gradienter (25) and the compass (26) are arranged on the upper surface of the front end of the rectangular square horizontal plate, and four corners of the lower surface are respectively provided with a support leg capable of adjusting the level;
the shell (7) is a cylinder with a horizontal axis and placed in the north-south direction, the front surface and the rear surface of the cylinder are provided with annular plates, the annular plate in the front faces the north, the lower end of the annular plate is provided with a summer solar term board (4), the annular plate in the rear faces the south, the lower end of the annular plate is provided with a winter solar term board (5), the middle of the bottom sides of the two annular plates is fixedly connected with a supporting plate (12), the upper end of the supporting plate (12) is provided with a light screen (11), and the lower end of the supporting plate (12) is provided with a bulge for connecting with a component of the rotating and controlling part;
the sundial body comprises a sundial (1), a sundial needle (2), a support (21) and a rotating shaft (27), wherein the outer side of the upper surface of the sundial (1) is provided with clockwise 24-hour scales, the inner side of the sundial is a corresponding ground support 12 hour, the lower surface scales are marked in a counterclockwise direction, the sundial needle (2) vertically penetrates through the center of the sundial (1) and points to the direction of the north pole, the two ends of the sundial (1) are installed on the support (21) through the rotating shaft (27), and the bottom end of the support (21) penetrates through a light shielding plate (11) and is vertically fixed on a supporting plate (12);
the rotating and controlling part comprises a supporting wheel (6), a cylinder (8), a light source (9), a long hole (10), a friction wheel (13), a rocking handle (14) and an indicating plate (16), wherein the surface of the cylinder (8) is provided with the long hole (10) along the axial direction, and the light source (9) capable of sliding along the long hole (10) is arranged on the long hole (10); a sign (16) is arranged at the upper end of the long hole (10), and marks of 24 solar terms from spring to autumn and from autumn to spring are marked on the sign (16);
the supporting wheels (6) are fixed on annular plates on the front surface and the rear surface of the shell (7), 4 pairs of supporting wheels (6) are uniformly distributed on the inner surfaces of the front annular plate and the rear annular plate respectively, two end parts of the cylinder (8) are clamped between each pair of supporting wheels (6) on two sides respectively, the cylinder (8) is suspended in the shell (7), the rocking handle (14) penetrates through the annular plate on the front end of the shell (7) and then is inserted into a bulge at the lower end of the supporting plate (12), the friction wheel (13) is fixedly installed on the rocking handle (14), the rocking handle (14) is rotated, and the friction wheel (13) can drive the cylinder (8) to rotate; the light source (9) is arranged at different solar terms of the long hole (10), and the light source can simulate the sun to move in the north and south of the equator in different seasons such as winter and summer along with the rotation of the cylinder (8).
2. The equatorial sundial principle demonstrator according to claim 1, wherein a rectangular window (15) is provided at the left cylinder of the housing (7).
3. The equatorial sundial principle demonstrator according to claim 1, wherein the support (21) is two elongated columns, wherein the left support has scales (24), the angle pointer (23) rotates synchronously with the rotation shaft (27), and the angle pointer (23) and the angle of the sundial 1 relative to the ground plane are fixed by the butterfly nut (22).
4. The equatorial sundial principle demonstrator according to claim 1, wherein the light source (9) comprises a cuboid box in which a high efficiency battery is installed, a solar term pointer (17) is installed on one side of the cuboid for determining the solar term position of the light source (9) representing the sun in cooperation with the indicating plate (16), a power button (18) is arranged on the top of the cuboid, a spotlight (19) is installed on the bottom of the cuboid, the spotlight (19) penetrates through the long hole (10) and stretches into the cylinder (8), the light irradiates the sundial (1) and the sundial (2), two elastic pieces (20) are respectively arranged on two sides of the bottom of the cuboid and clamped on two sides of the long hole (10), so that the light source (9) can slide on the long hole (10) under the action of thrust and can stably stay at any position.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210046291.2A CN114155769A (en) | 2022-01-08 | 2022-01-08 | Equatorial sundial principle demonstration instrument |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210046291.2A CN114155769A (en) | 2022-01-08 | 2022-01-08 | Equatorial sundial principle demonstration instrument |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN114155769A true CN114155769A (en) | 2022-03-08 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202210046291.2A Pending CN114155769A (en) | 2022-01-08 | 2022-01-08 | Equatorial sundial principle demonstration instrument |
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| CN202230634U (en) * | 2010-11-30 | 2012-05-23 | 三江学院 | Multifunctional combined type sundial |
| CN103513566A (en) * | 2013-10-21 | 2014-01-15 | 汪汇川 | Crossed sighting tube transparent cylindrical time and solar term sundial |
| CN203759985U (en) * | 2014-04-16 | 2014-08-06 | 潘翠君 | Sun shadow change teaching demonstrator |
| CN205068901U (en) * | 2015-10-16 | 2016-03-02 | 蔡旭东 | Portable sundial teaching appearance |
| CN207366958U (en) * | 2017-10-16 | 2018-05-15 | 北京中教启星科技股份有限公司 | Corona ancient Chinese sundial component and demonstration teaching aid |
| CN209028949U (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2019-06-25 | 金陵科技学院 | Corona demonstration teaching aid |
| CN214068084U (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-08-27 | 保定市心慧教育技术装备有限公司 | Sundial experimental device for primary school scientific teaching experiment |
-
2022
- 2022-01-08 CN CN202210046291.2A patent/CN114155769A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2601438Y (en) * | 2002-12-17 | 2004-01-28 | 厦门外国语学校 | Solar cycle apparatus motion demonstrator |
| CN101197089A (en) * | 2006-12-05 | 2008-06-11 | 上海市向明中学 | Teaching aid capable of simulating sun irradiation angle |
| CN201556317U (en) * | 2009-07-16 | 2010-08-18 | 广州市新境界装饰设计有限公司 | Dynamic sundial demonstrating instrument |
| CN202230634U (en) * | 2010-11-30 | 2012-05-23 | 三江学院 | Multifunctional combined type sundial |
| CN103513566A (en) * | 2013-10-21 | 2014-01-15 | 汪汇川 | Crossed sighting tube transparent cylindrical time and solar term sundial |
| CN203759985U (en) * | 2014-04-16 | 2014-08-06 | 潘翠君 | Sun shadow change teaching demonstrator |
| CN205068901U (en) * | 2015-10-16 | 2016-03-02 | 蔡旭东 | Portable sundial teaching appearance |
| CN207366958U (en) * | 2017-10-16 | 2018-05-15 | 北京中教启星科技股份有限公司 | Corona ancient Chinese sundial component and demonstration teaching aid |
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