CN114153134B - Small-size space cold atomic clock device based on atom transports - Google Patents
Small-size space cold atomic clock device based on atom transports Download PDFInfo
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- CN114153134B CN114153134B CN202111337893.5A CN202111337893A CN114153134B CN 114153134 B CN114153134 B CN 114153134B CN 202111337893 A CN202111337893 A CN 202111337893A CN 114153134 B CN114153134 B CN 114153134B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04F—TIME-INTERVAL MEASURING
- G04F5/00—Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards
- G04F5/14—Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards using atomic clocks
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors
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Abstract
A small space cold atomic clock device based on atomic transport comprises an atom capture cavity, a microwave resonant cavity and a detection area. By the method of action of a plurality of moving optical viscose pulses, rapid momentum exchange of cold atom clouds under space microgravity is realized, the cold atom clouds are rapidly transferred in a capture area, an action area and a detection area in 10 milliseconds, and the cold atom clouds can stay in a target area after being transferred. The whole time sequence of the atomic clock is realized in the transportation process by matching with the preparation of cold atoms, the microwave action and the detection time sequence. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, small volume, high performance index and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of space cold atomic clocks, realizes the rapid momentum exchange of cold atomic clouds by utilizing the action of mobile optical viscose, and has very important function in the related fields of space.
Background
In recent years, with the gradual exploration of space by human beings, in addition to the observation and research of the galaxy, the idea of being able to utilize the microgravity environment in space is gradually popularized, which involves performing some scientific experiments, such as time calibration. The realization of the calibration time has a positive relation with the development and the application of a space clock, and the space clock mainly utilizes the microgravity environment of the space different from the earth environment. Under the condition of microgravity environment, the atomic groups can realize linear motion at a nearly uniform speed. Compared with a cold atomic clock in the earth gravity environment, the precision of an atomic clock signal in the micro-gravity environment is higher, and the line width of a Lamrcy central spectral line obtained in the micro-gravity environment is nearly one order of magnitude narrower than that of a ground cold atomic fountain Zhong Puxian. And the space cold atomic clock can transmit signals to other satellite atomic clocks in the space without interference, so that the signals obtained by the space cold atomic clock are more accurate than those obtained by a clock group on the land. The successful development of the space cold atomic clock undoubtedly lays a good technical foundation for the development and application of various quantum sensitive devices (such as a space high-precision time-frequency system, a space cold atomic physical system, a space cold atomic interferometer, a space cold atomic gyroscope and the like), and makes important contributions in a series of important technical and scientific development aspects such as gravitational wave measurement, gravitational field measurement, some basic physical constants, global satellite navigation positioning and the like.
With regard to the development of the space cold atomic clock, relatively great progress has been made in recent years, and various space cold atomic clock devices have been developed, including relatively common integrating sphere cold atomic clocks and field shift space cold atomic clocks, wherein the cooling of the integrating sphere cold atomic clock is full light cooling, and does not need a magneto-optical trap to capture a large magnetic field required when cold atoms are captured, so that the power consumption is low, atoms in a larger speed range can be captured, and the cooling efficiency is relatively high. But it can only absorb light in one direction, and we know that the light is transmitted in three-dimensional direction, so the luminous flux of the clock is low, and the utilization rate of the light is low; for the field shift space cold atomic clock, the field shift space cold atomic clock has small volume, light weight and convenient transportation, but just so, the difficulty of fixing atoms is higher and the field shift space cold atomic clock is not easy to realize.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a device and a method for a space cold atomic clock based on atomic transport, which are used for making up the defects of the existing space cold atomic clock. The biggest difference between a transport type space cold atomic clock and a fountain clock running on the ground surface is that the ground surface atomic clock utilizes the factor of gravity to realize the speed change process of atoms, and under the condition of microgravity in space, the space clock realizes the transportation and the stay of cold atoms in different functional areas through an optical method, thereby completing the time sequence of the atomic clock. The invention adopts a method of adding mobile optical viscose to realize momentum exchange of atoms, and uses the light beam feed-in window existing in the atom capture area to repeatedly use the mobile optical viscose so that the atoms realize momentum exchange for multiple times. Therefore, the state selection process and the interaction process of atoms and microwaves are carried out in the microwave cavity, and the method has the advantages of simple structure, small volume, high performance index and the like.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a device of a small space cold atomic clock based on atomic transportation is characterized by comprising a vacuum cavity and an atom capturing cavity wound with an external coil magnetic field, wherein an atom detection area and a microwave resonant cavity are arranged in the vacuum cavity, a magnetic shielding cavity is arranged outside the vacuum cavity, a plurality of feeding windows are arranged on the capturing cavity, a detection light incidence window and a fluorescence detection window are arranged in the atom detection area, and a microwave feeding window is arranged on the microwave resonant cavity.
After the atoms are fed into the atom capturing cavity, the atoms are captured and cooled in the cavity through cooling light and pumping light fed in through a window for feeding in on the capturing cavity and an external coil magnetic field wound outside the cavity, and are thrown outwards, and the atoms directly pass through an atom detection area and reach a microwave resonant cavity, wherein the atom detection area and the microwave resonant cavity are positioned in a vacuum cavity of an external magnetic shielding cavity. The atomic groups thrown outwards complete momentum exchange under the action of a moving optical adhesive produced by a capture cavity so as to stop in a microwave resonant cavity, state selection is realized, then the atomic groups have a rightward movement speed under the action of the moving optical adhesive again, the microwaves fed in through a microwave feeding window complete the first interaction of the atoms and the microwaves, when the atoms leave the microwave resonant cavity for the first time, the atoms obtain a leftward movement speed due to the momentum exchange again, so that the atomic groups reach the microwave resonant cavity for the second time to complete the second interaction of the microwaves and the atoms, after the interaction is finished, the atomic groups leave the microwave resonant cavity and reach an atom detection region, detection light fed in through a detection light incidence window interacts with pump light and the atoms, and meanwhile, upper and lower level fluorescence collection is carried out through a fluorescence detection window.
The window for feeding in on the trapping cavity is used for incidence of various light beams (including cooling light, pumping light and the like), observation of a CCD (charge coupled device), a rubidium source interface, an ion pump interface and the like.
The whole period of atom operation utilizes the mobile optical viscose for three times to realize momentum exchange of atoms, thereby realizing the process that the atoms can complete state selection and twice interaction with microwaves in one microwave cavity.
The atom detection area adopts a double-energy level detection method, and needs four beams of light, two beams of detection light, one beam of pushing light and one beam of pumping light: firstly, one beam of detection light is used for detecting the atom number of the upper energy level, then the pushing light is used for pushing the atoms of the upper energy level away, the pumping light is used for pumping the atoms of the lower energy level to the upper energy level, and finally the other beam of pumping light is used for detecting the lower energy level.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) The light in a plurality of directions can be absorbed, the utilization rate of the light is high, and the cooling efficiency is also high.
2) Compared with a field-shifting type space cold atomic clock, on the basis of reducing the volume to a certain extent, the atoms are captured by adopting a magneto-optical trap method, so that the atoms are effectively fixed, and the reliability is greatly increased;
3) The process of interaction between the selected state and the microwave is placed in the microwave cavity, the structure is simpler, the implementation is easier, and some unnecessary noises caused by a complex system can be eliminated to a certain extent, which is particularly important for the accurate operation of the space clock.
4) Different from the existing device with mutually independent state selection cavity and microwave cavity, the device selects the state selection of atoms and the interaction between the atoms and the microwaves in the microwave cavity, and after the atoms reach the microwave cavity, the atoms are firstly selected and then interacted with the microwaves.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a spatial cold atomic clock apparatus.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the timing of the operation of atoms in a space cold atomic clock device.
Detailed Description
The following examples illustrate the invention in detail: the embodiment is implemented on the basis of the method of the space cold atom fountain clock, and a detailed implementation mode and a specific operation process are given, but the protection scope of the invention is not limited by the implementation mode.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a block diagram of an apparatus of a space cold atomic clock based on an atomic fountain according to the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the space cold atom system device of the present invention includes a vacuum chamber and an atom capture chamber wound with an external coil magnetic field, wherein an atom detection region and a microwave resonant cavity are arranged in the vacuum chamber, a magnetic shielding chamber is arranged outside the vacuum chamber, a plurality of windows for feeding are arranged on the capture chamber, a detection light incidence window and a fluorescence detection window are arranged on the atom detection region, and a microwave feeding window is arranged on the microwave resonant cavity. The position relationship is that after atoms are fed into an atom capturing cavity 3, cooling light and pumping light fed in through a window 7 for feeding in on the capturing cavity and an external coil magnetic field 2 wound outside the cavity are captured and cooled in the cavity and are thrown outwards, and the atoms directly pass through an atom detection area 4 to reach a microwave resonant cavity 5, wherein the atom detection area 4 and the microwave resonant cavity 5 are positioned in a vacuum cavity 1 of an external magnetic shielding cavity 6. The atomic groups thrown out outwards complete momentum exchange under the action of the moving optical viscose generated by the capture cavity 3 so as to stop in the microwave resonant cavity 5, so that state selection is realized, then the atomic groups have a rightward movement speed under the action of the moving optical viscose again, the microwaves fed in through the microwave feeding window 10 complete the first interaction of the atoms and the microwaves, when the atoms leave the microwave resonant cavity 5 for the first time, the atoms obtain the leftward movement speed again due to the momentum exchange, so that the atomic groups reach the microwave resonant cavity 5 for the second time to complete the second interaction of the microwaves and the atoms, after the interaction is finished, the atomic groups leave the microwave resonant cavity 5 and reach the atom detection region 4, the detection light fed in through the detection light incidence window 8 interacts with the pumping light and the atoms, and the fluorescence collection of upper and lower energy levels is performed through the fluorescence detection window 9.
The main process of the invention is as follows with reference to fig. 2:
feeding atoms into a trapping cavity through a rubidium source, wherein the atoms are in a discrete state at the moment, realizing the bounding of the atoms to form atomic groups and cooling the temperature of the atoms to a Doppler cooling limit through the action of a three-dimensional magneto-optical trap, then realizing sub-Doppler cooling through the action of optical viscose, and finally reducing the temperature of the atoms to an experimental requirement range through post-cooling (figure 2 (1)); the atomic group obtains the initial throwing speed and is thrown to the right (figure 2 (2)), the atom continuously moves forwards, passes through a detection region for the first time (figure 2 (3)), no interaction occurs at the time, then stops in a microwave cavity by the action of moving optical viscose (figure 2 (4)), the state selection is firstly realized in the microwave cavity, the rightward speed is obtained by the action of a right-hand light beam and the first interaction is carried out with microwaves (figure 2 (5)), after the action is finished, the atomic group leaves the microwave cavity to continuously advance, the atom obtains the leftward speed by the action of reverse force (figure 2 (6)), then enters the microwave cavity for the second interaction with the microwaves (figure 2 (7)), and the atom enters the detection region after the action is finished, the atom detection is realized by adopting a dual-energy level detection method (figure 2 (8)), so that the transition probability of the atom is obtained, and the solving of some physical processes is completed.
In conclusion, the device and the method for the space cold atomic clock based on atomic transport realize momentum exchange of atoms by utilizing a method of multiple moving optical viscose, thereby realizing an action system with complete atoms and obtaining the detectable atom transition probability. The invention simplifies the system, enhances the reliability and has high practical value.
Claims (4)
1. A device of a small-sized space cold atomic clock based on atomic transport is characterized by comprising a vacuum cavity (1) and an atom capture cavity (3) wound with an external coil magnetic field (2), wherein an atom detection area (4) and a microwave resonant cavity (5) are arranged in the vacuum cavity (1), a magnetic shielding cavity (6) is arranged outside the vacuum cavity (1), a plurality of windows (7) for feeding are arranged on the capture cavity (3), a detection light incidence window (8) and a fluorescence detection window (9) are arranged in the atom detection area (4), and a microwave feeding window (10) is arranged on the microwave resonant cavity (5);
after the atoms are fed into the atom capturing cavity (3), cooling light and pumping light fed in through a window (7) for feeding in on the capturing cavity and an external coil magnetic field (2) wound outside the cavity are used for completing capturing and cooling in the cavity and are thrown outwards, and the atoms directly pass through an atom detection region (4) and reach a microwave resonant cavity (5), wherein the atom detection region (4) and the microwave resonant cavity (5) are positioned in a vacuum cavity (1) of an external magnetic shielding cavity (6); the atomic groups thrown outwards complete momentum exchange under the action of a moving optical adhesive generated by a capture cavity (3) so as to stop in a microwave resonant cavity (5) to realize state selection, then the atomic groups have a rightward movement speed under the action of the moving optical adhesive again, the microwaves fed in through a microwave feeding window (10) complete the first interaction of the atoms and the microwaves, when the atoms leave the microwave resonant cavity (5) for the first time, the atoms obtain the leftward movement speed again due to the momentum exchange, so that the atomic groups reach the microwave resonant cavity (5) for the second time to complete the second interaction of the microwaves and the atoms, after the interaction is finished, the atomic groups leave the microwave resonant cavity (5) to reach an atom detection region (4), the detection light fed in through a detection light incidence window (8) interacts with the pumping light and the atoms, and the fluorescence collection of upper and lower energy levels is carried out through a fluorescence detection window (9).
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the window (7) for feeding is used for incidence of various light beams, observation of CCD, rubidium source interface and ion pump interface.
3. The atomic transport-based small space cold atomic clock device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the whole period of atomic operation is three times that the momentum exchange of atoms is realized by using the moving optical viscose, so that the atoms can complete the processes of selecting states and interacting with microwaves twice in one microwave cavity.
4. The atomic transport based small space cold atomic clock device as claimed in claim 1, wherein said atomic detection region (4) adopts a dual-energy detection method, which requires four beams of light, two beams of detection light, one beam of pushing light and one beam of pumping light: firstly, one beam of detection light is used for detecting the atom number of the upper energy level, then the pushing light is used for pushing the atoms of the upper energy level away, the pumping light is used for pumping the atoms of the lower energy level to the upper energy level, and finally the other beam of pumping light is used for detecting the lower energy level.
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