CN114153021A - Low dispersion slope large effective area non-zero dispersion displacement optical fiber - Google Patents
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012792 core layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009022 nonlinear effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005374 Kerr effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02004—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating characterised by the core effective area or mode field radius
- G02B6/02009—Large effective area or mode field radius, e.g. to reduce nonlinear effects in single mode fibres
- G02B6/02014—Effective area greater than 60 square microns in the C band, i.e. 1530-1565 nm
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- C03B37/014—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments made entirely or partially by chemical means, e.g. vapour phase deposition of bulk porous glass either by outside vapour deposition [OVD], or by outside vapour phase oxidation [OVPO] or by vapour axial deposition [VAD]
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- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
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- C03B37/027—Fibres composed of different sorts of glass, e.g. glass optical fibres
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02214—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating tailored to obtain the desired dispersion, e.g. dispersion shifted, dispersion flattened
- G02B6/02219—Characterised by the wavelength dispersion properties in the silica low loss window around 1550 nm, i.e. S, C, L and U bands from 1460-1675 nm
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/028—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating with core or cladding having graded refractive index
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- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
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- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
- G02B6/03616—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
- G02B6/03638—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 3 layers only
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Abstract
The invention discloses a non-zero dispersion shifted fiber with low dispersion slope and large effective area, comprising a central fiber core area which is radially outward from a center line and has the maximum refractive index percent delta 1, the positive relative refractive index percent delta 1 percent (r) of max; a first annular region surrounding the central core region and having a relative refractive index percent Δ 2% (r) with a minimum refractive index percent Δ 2, min; a second annular region surrounding the first annular region and having a positive relative refractive index percent Δ 3% (r) with a maximum relative refractive index percent Δ 3 max; and an outer annular cladding region surrounding a second annular ringA region and having a relative refractive index percent Δ c% (r); where Δ 1, max>Δ3max>Delta 2, min is more than or equal to 0. The optical fiber mentioned in the invention can be positively dispersed in the wavelength range of 1460-1625nm, and has the mode field diameter of 9.1-10.1 μm and the mode field diameter of 70 μm2The effective area has better welding performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a non-zero dispersion displacement optical fiber, in particular to a large-effective-area non-zero dispersion displacement optical fiber with SCL three wave bands.
Background
The structure of an optical fiber is traditionally divided into a core, which is mainly used for transmitting optical signals; and a fiber cladding confining the optical signal in the core. The refractive index n1 of the respective core is greater than the refractive index n2 of the optical cladding (n1> n2).
For optical fibers, the refractive index profile is typically categorized according to the curve as a function of the refractive index and radius of the fiber; generally, the distribution is classified into a "stepped" distribution, a "trapezoidal" distribution, an "α" distribution, or a "triangular" distribution, and the graphs thereof respectively have a stepped shape, a trapezoidal shape, or a triangular shape.
Optical fibers can be classified according to their mode transmission: single mode optical fibers and multimode optical fibers. In a multimode fiber, for a given wavelength, a concentrated optical frequency vibration mode (optical mode) propagates simultaneously along the fiber, with the signal propagating in the fundamental LP01 mode guided in the core, while higher order modes (e.g., LP11 mode) are strongly attenuated. Single mode optical fibers are typically systems used for terrestrial transmission. In the standard defined by the international telecommunication union ITU, the wavelength division multiplexing system (WDM) is satisfied, and usually an ITU-T G.655 optical fiber is adopted, which can be used in the wavelength ranges of C wave band 1530-. And further classified into g.655.c, g.655.d and g.655.e fibers according to dispersion slope and wavelength used.
Communication systems used on the sea bottom and on land need to minimize the delay of signals affecting transmission distances. With advances in technology, such as Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) and higher channel speeds, the demand for network bandwidth continues to increase. Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) systems are defined herein as wavelength ranges including the S-band 1460-1530nm, the C-band 1530-1565nm, and the L-band 1565nm-1625 nm.
The existing large effective area non-zero dispersion shifted fiber generally refers to a non-zero dispersion shifted fiber with a mode field diameter in the range of 8.1 to 10.1 μm, a wavelength band in the wavelength ranges of 1530-1565nm of C-band and 1565-1625nm of L-band, and a zero dispersion wavelength between 1460-1530nm, because the dispersion inevitably moves to a long wavelength range due to the increase of the effective area in the fiber design, the use of a wavelength band only in the range of 1530-1625nm, such as large effective area LEAF fiber of Corning USA, TrueWave LA fiber of OFS corporation USA, the mode field diameter at 1550nm is 9.6 μm, the dispersion at 1565nm of C-band 1530-1625nm is 2-6/(ps-km), and the dispersion at L-band is 4.5-11.2 ps/(nm-km). Another non-zero dispersion shifted fiber, such as ITU-T G.656 fiber, although usable in the 1460 + 1625nm range, must be reduced in mode field diameter to a range of 8.1 to 9.1 μm in order to shift the zero dispersion wavelength to a short wavelength range, such as the low dispersion slope TrueWave RS fiber from OFS corporation, with a mode field diameter of 8.4 μm at 1550nm and a dispersion in the S-L band in the range of-1 to 8.9ps/(nm · km).
In a word, a proper optical fiber product cannot be found between dispersion displacement and the mode field diameter, the mode field diameter of 1550nm is large, positive dispersion on SCL three wave bands can be realized, and Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) on wider wave bands is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a low dispersion slope large effective area non-zero dispersion shifted fiber comprising a central core region radially outward from the centerline and having a maximum refractive index percent Δ 1, a positive relative refractive index percent Δ 1% (r) of max; a first annular region surrounding the central core region and having a relative refractive index percent Δ 2% (r) with a minimum refractive index percent Δ 2, min; a second annular region surrounding the first annular region and having a positive relative refractive index percent Δ 3% (r), a maximum relative refractive index percent Δ 3, max; and an outer annular cladding region surrounding the second annular region and having a relative index percent Δ c% (r); a total distribution volume of less than about 6% - μm2(ii) a And Δ 1, max>Δ3，max>Delta 2, min is more than or equal to 0; the optical fiber has a wavelength of about 70 μm at 1550nm2Has a dispersion slope of less than 0.07 ps/(nm) at a wavelength of about 1550nm2Km), zero dispersion wavelength of about 1450 nm.
In one aspect, the central core region is in the shape of a refractive index alpha profile; in another aspect, at least a portion of the central core region has a step index profile shape.
As aboveThe low dispersion slope large effective area non-zero dispersion shifted optical fiber has a wavelength of 1550nm greater than 70 μm2The effective area of (a).
The low dispersion slope, large effective area, non-zero dispersion shifted fiber described above, having a dispersion at 1625nm wavelength of 10 to 14 ps/(nm-km).
The low dispersion slope, large effective area, non-zero dispersion shifted fiber as described above, having a dispersion at a wavelength of 1550nm of between 5 and 8 ps/(nm-km).
The low dispersion slope, large effective area, non-zero dispersion shifted fiber described above, having a dispersion at 1460nm wavelength of greater than 1 ps/(nm-km).
The low dispersion slope, large effective area, non-zero dispersion shifted fiber as described above, having a dispersion at a wavelength of 1400nm of greater than-4 ps/(nm-km).
The manufacturing process of the non-zero dispersion shifted optical fiber with low dispersion slope and large effective area comprises the following steps: preparing a loose core rod body by adopting an OVD (open-contour diffusion) process, and dehydrating and sintering to obtain a transparent core rod; an extension process: the core rod is extended into a small rod with an outer diameter of 30-40 mm. Then through OVD process, depositing a cladding on the outer surface, and dehydrating and sintering to obtain a finished rod with a proper size; and obtaining the qualified optical fiber through the processes of wire drawing, screening and detecting.
The refractive index distribution of the core can reduce the nonlinear effect, and is particularly used for transmitting high-power signals in a long distance without signal degradation; high power and long distance define the power and distance that can be transmitted under the requirements of definite bit rate, bit error rate, wavelength division multiplexing and the like in a telecommunication system; in high power transmission, there are kerr effects such as self-phase modulation, cross-phase modulation, four-wave mixing, etc., which need to be overcome by a large effective area design; it is known that the refractive index of a silica optical fiber changes nonlinearly according to the intensity of an optical electric field. The refractive index can be defined as
n＝n0+n2P/Aeff
n0Is the linear index of refraction, n, of the optical fiber2Is the nonlinear index of refraction, p is the optical power, AeffIs the effective area; since n is2Is the material constant, increases AeffThe method is the only method for reducing the nonlinear coefficient in the refractive index so as to reduce the Kerr nonlinear effect; there is therefore a need to design an optical fiber having an optical waveguide structure with a large effective area; the transmission window of the fiber was 1530 and 1625 nm. The effective area is defined herein as
Aeff＝2π(∫E2rdr)2/(∫E4rdr)
Here, the upper and lower limits of integration are 0 to ∞, and E is the electric field strength; effective diameter DeffIs defined by the following formula
Aeff＝π(Deff/2)2
The alpha profile is defined by the following formula
n＝n0(1-Δ(r/α)α)
Where n is0Is the refractive index of the alpha profile at the first point; Δ% is the relative refractive index difference, r is the radius, a is the radius from the first point to the last point of the alpha refractive index profile, and r starts at point 0.
The width of the different regions of the refractive index profile is determined by two perpendicular lines on the index and radius plots; the refractive index difference is defined as:
％Δ＝[(n1 2-nc 2)/2n1 2]×100
where n is1Is the refractive index of the core layer, ncIs the cladding refractive index; n is, among other things0Refers to the maximum refractive index of the core layer.
The refractive index profile of the taper shape is often easily formed due to dopant diffusion during the fiber fabrication process. The diffusion of these dopants may form right angles at the top and rounded corners at the bottom; this diffusion phenomenon is caused by a variety of reasons, including details of the process steps, concentration gradients and widths of the dopants; the taper of the cross-sectional view is not discussed primarily herein because the shape of the taper is not a determining factor for fiber performance; the angle of taper in the basic cross-sectional view may need to be described.
A sharp profile where the width of the taper at half Δ% of the height of the taper is 40% -50% of the width of the taper at the base and the width of the taper at 90% of the height is about 15% -25% of the width of the base; a medium angle taper having a width of half the height of Δ% of the base width of 60% -80% and a width of 90% of the height of the taper of about 35% -50% of the base width; the cross-sectional views discussed later generally approximate the sharp taper and medium angle taper states; however, the present invention is not limited to certain index profiles with a particular angular taper.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a refractive index profile of an optical fiber of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of refractive index profile corresponding to one embodiment of an optical fiber of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the refractive index profile corresponding to another embodiment of an optical fiber of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the dispersion curves of an optical fiber of the present invention and a CL two-band non-zero dispersion shifted fiber.
Detailed Description
A low dispersion slope, large effective area, non-zero dispersion shifted fiber comprising a central core region radially outward from the centerline and having a maximum refractive index percent Δ 1, a positive relative refractive index percent Δ 1% (r) of max; a first annular region surrounding the central core region and having a relative refractive index percent Δ 2% (r) with a minimum refractive index percent Δ 2, min; a second annular region surrounding the first annular region and having a positive relative refractive index percent Δ 3% (r), a maximum relative refractive index percent Δ 3, max; and an outer annular cladding region surrounding the second annular region and having a relative index percent Δ c% (r). Where Δ 1, max>Δ3max>Delta 2, min is more than or equal to 0; wherein the total distribution volume is less than about 6% - μm 2; and wherein the optical fiber has a dispersion slope of less than 0.07 ps/(nm) at a wavelength of 1550nm2Km), zero dispersion wavelength less than 1450nm, attenuation less than 0.190 dB/km.
In many embodiments of the present invention, the maximum refractive index Δ 1, max, is between 0.8-1.0% and is about 1-2 μm at the location of the fiber; the sag of the middle delta 1 is 0-0.4%; the shape of the depression is a reverse depression shape and has a certain constant width, and the position in the optical fiber is about 0-2 μm; the first annular cladding Δ 2, min has a refractive index difference slightly above 0, with a radius of about 4-5 μm and a width of about 2-3 μm. The maximum height Δ 3, max of the second loop is about 0.4-0.55%, the radius is about 6-7 μm, and the width is about 2-4 μm.
The invention discloses a high-performance transmission optical fiber with a larger effective area at a 1550nm window, and simultaneously has certain bending resistance; the invention in its first aspect is that the transmission window of the optical fiber is in the 1460nm to 1625nm band; the core of the fiber is composed of three segments and is coated with a layer having a refractive index ncIs wrapped by the cladding; the cross-sectional view of the core is pre-selected to achieve an effective area of 70 μm2(ii) a A specific example of a first core is a core consisting of three segments, the central segment being a tapered refractive index profile, the highest refractive index being Δ 1, max, and a width measured from the bottom; the particular size and shape of the taper, whether triangular or irregular, is generally not particularly important; all widths of the present invention refer to the width of the base of the refractive index of the segment, unless otherwise specified; the center section of the present invention includes a depression in the center region, the depression being primarily due to diffusion of dopants; different processes can result in the depth of the recess height; whereas the central depression remains substantially constant in different light bars.
A first annular segment nearest the central depression substantially comprising a constant Δ 2 and width; spaced from the first annular segment is a second annular segment having a taper Δ 3 and a width; the geometry and delta% of the two annular segments acting together provide the optical fiber with a thickness of 70 μm or more2The effective area of (a).
The invention is mainly used for limiting the radius and the refractive index height of each layer of the optical fiber and is used for meeting the practical use purpose of the large-effective-area non-zero dispersion displacement optical fiber.
Example 1
FIG. 2 shows that the maximum refractive index Δ 1, max at 1.0%, is about 1 μm at the radius of the fiber; the depression of the middle Δ 1 is at 0.4%, the radial position in the fiber is about 0.5 μm; a first annular cladding Δ 2, min at 0.1%, having a radius of about 4.5 μm and a width of about 2.5 μm; the maximum height Δ 3, max of the second loop is about 0.4%, the radius is about 6.5 μm, the width is about 2.5 μm, and the fiber has the following properties:
Aeffis about 75 μm2。
The zero dispersion wavelength is approximately 1480 nm.
The cut-off wavelength is approximately 1450 nm.
According to the performance of the optical fiber design, by moving the annular portion of the first core outward by 0.15 μm, the performance of the optical fiber becomes:
Aeffabout 83 μm2。
The zero dispersion wavelength is about 1500 nm.
The cut-off wavelength is approximately 1470 nm.
Example 2
FIG. 3 illustrates another large effective area non-zero dispersion shifted fiber of this type having a maximum refractive index Δ 1, max of the intermediate core layer of about 0.9%, and about 1 μm at the radius of the fiber; the depressed refractive index value of the middle Δ 1 is raised to 0.6% by the modified process, and the radius position in the optical fiber is about 0.5 μm; a first annular cladding Δ 2, min at 0.1%, having a radius of about 4 μm and a width of about 2.5 μm; the maximum height Δ 3, max of the second ring is about 0.4%, the radius is about 6.5 μm, the width is about 3 μm, and the fiber has the following properties:
Aeffis about 70 μm2。
The zero dispersion wavelength is approximately 1460 nm.
The cut-off wavelength is about 1430 nm.
According to the performance of the optical fiber design, by moving the annular portion of the first core outward by 0.15 μm, the performance of the optical fiber becomes:
Aeffis about 78 μm2。
The zero dispersion wavelength is approximately 1470 nm.
The cut-off wavelength is approximately 1450 nm.
The optical fiber mentioned in the invention can be positively dispersed in the wavelength range of 1460-1625nm, and has the mode field diameter of 9.1-10.1 μm and the mode field diameter of 70 μm2The effective area is suitable for a wavelength division multiplexing system of SCL three wave bands, and the welding performance is better.
Claims (8)
1. A low dispersion slope, large effective area, non-zero dispersion shifted fiber comprising a central core region radially outward from the centerline and having a maximum refractive index percent Δ 1, a positive relative refractive index percent Δ 1% (r) of max; a first annular region surrounding the central core region and having a relative refractive index percent Δ 2% (r) with a minimum refractive index percent Δ 2, min; a second annular region surrounding the first annular region and having a positive relative refractive index percent Δ 3% (r), a maximum relative refractive index percent Δ 3, max; and an outer annular cladding region surrounding the second annular region and having a relative index percent Δ c% (r); where Δ 1, max>Δ3max>Delta 2, min is more than or equal to 0; wherein the total distribution volume is less than about 6% - μm2(ii) a And wherein the optical fiber has a dispersion slope of less than 0.07 ps/(nm) at a wavelength of 1550nm2Km), zero dispersion wavelength less than 1450nm, attenuation less than 0.190 dB/km.
2. The low dispersion slope, large effective area, non-zero dispersion shifted fiber of claim 1, wherein the maximum refractive index Δ 1, max is between 0.8-1.0%, the fiber is located at about 1-2 μm, the central Δ 1 depression is between 0-0.4%, the depression is in the form of an inverted depression having a constant width, and the fiber is located at about 0-2 μm; the first annular cladding Δ 2, min has a refractive index difference slightly above 0, with a radius of about 4-5 μm and a width of about 2-3 μm; the maximum height Δ 3, max of the second loop is about 0.4-0.55%, the radius is about 6-7 μm, and the width is about 2-4 μm.
3. The low dispersion slope, large effective area, non-zero dispersion shifted fiber of claim 1, wherein said fiber has a wavelength greater than 70 μm at 1550nm2The effective area of (a).
4. The low dispersion slope, large effective area, non-zero dispersion shifted fiber of claim 1, wherein said fiber has a dispersion at 1625nm wavelength of 10 to 14 ps/(nm-km).
5. The low dispersion slope, large effective area, non-zero dispersion shifted fiber according to claim 1, wherein said fiber has a dispersion at a wavelength of 1550nm between 5 and 8 ps/(nm-km).
6. The low dispersion slope, large effective area, non-zero dispersion shifted fiber according to claim 1, wherein said fiber has a dispersion at a wavelength of 1460nm of greater than 1 ps/(nm-km).
7. The low dispersion slope, large effective area, non-zero dispersion shifted fiber according to claim 1, wherein said fiber has a dispersion at a wavelength of 1400nm of greater than-4 ps/(nm-km).
8. The low dispersion slope, large effective area, non-zero dispersion shifted fiber of claim 1, wherein said fiber is made by the process of: preparing a loose core rod body by adopting an OVD (open-contour diffusion) process, and dehydrating and sintering to obtain a transparent core rod; an extension process: extending the core rod into a small rod with the outer diameter of 30-40 mm; then through OVD process, depositing a cladding on the outer surface, and dehydrating and sintering to obtain a finished rod with a proper size; and obtaining the qualified optical fiber through the processes of wire drawing, screening and detecting.
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| WO2023240880A1 (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2023-12-21 | 烽火通信科技股份有限公司 | Multiband attenuation flattened fiber |
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| CN1309778A (en) * | 1998-07-31 | 2001-08-22 | 康宁股份有限公司 | Long hual single mode waveguide |
| US6301422B1 (en) * | 1999-04-28 | 2001-10-09 | Corning Incorporated | Large effective area fiber having a low total dispersion slope |
| CN1376273A (en) * | 1999-09-29 | 2002-10-23 | 康宁股份有限公司 | Optical fiber with large effective area and low dispersion slope for submarine applications |
| US6421491B1 (en) * | 1999-11-22 | 2002-07-16 | Corning Incorporated | Dispersion shifted large effective area waveguide fiber |
| US20020044755A1 (en) * | 2000-08-16 | 2002-04-18 | Li Ming Jun | Optical fiber with large effective area, low dispersion and low dispersion slope |
| CN1685255A (en) * | 2002-07-31 | 2005-10-19 | 康宁股份有限公司 | Non-zero dispersion shifted optical fiber having large effective area, low slope and low zero dispersion |
| CN102132176A (en) * | 2008-07-23 | 2011-07-20 | 康宁股份有限公司 | Single mode optical fiber |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2023240880A1 (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2023-12-21 | 烽火通信科技股份有限公司 | Multiband attenuation flattened fiber |
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