CN114152709A - Method for evaluating carbon release capacity of plant waste - Google Patents
Method for evaluating carbon release capacity of plant waste Download PDFInfo
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 138
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 138
- 239000010908 plant waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000003578 releasing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 65
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000012086 standard solution Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- IMBKASBLAKCLEM-UHFFFAOYSA-L ferrous ammonium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O IMBKASBLAKCLEM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium dichromate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 229940010514 ammonium ferrous sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- YUVLVONHNMXKBW-UHFFFAOYSA-L [Ag+2].OS(O)(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O Chemical compound [Ag+2].OS(O)(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O YUVLVONHNMXKBW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 229910000367 silver sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- DOBUSJIVSSJEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 1,3-dioxa-2$l^{6}-thia-4-mercuracyclobutane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound [Hg+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DOBUSJIVSSJEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1,10]phenanthroline Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WZJYKHNJTSNBHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[h]quinoline Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 WZJYKHNJTSNBHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium sulphate Substances [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940074994 mercuric sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000372 mercury(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims 1
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- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 5
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002154 agricultural waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JVMRPSJZNHXORP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ON=O.ON=O.ON=O.N Chemical compound ON=O.ON=O.ON=O.N JVMRPSJZNHXORP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002988 biodegradable polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Natural products C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000005135 methemoglobinemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
- G01N31/16—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using titration
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- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for evaluating carbon releasing capacity of plant wastes, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of collecting a solid carbon source, pretreating raw materials, preparing an experimental reagent, measuring chemical oxygen demand, measuring total organic carbon, and influencing the carbon release performance of the plant waste by the carbon release concentration and evaluation of the plant waste under different factors, such as experimental time, temperature, solid-liquid ratio, particle size and stirring strength. Evaluating the carbon releasing capacity of different carbon sources and evaluating the influence of different factors on the carbon releasing capacity. The invention selects different plant wastes as solid carbon sources, and researches the carbon release effect and the release rule of the solid carbon sources under various conditions, thereby optimizing the denitrification external carbon source and the optimal carbon release condition which are advanced, reliable, and reasonable economically. The method has important significance and guiding effect on solving the utilization problem of the plant wastes at present, developing cheap and practical environment-friendly materials and solving the problem of the external carbon source of the sewage treatment plant.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of carbon source materials in water treatment, and particularly relates to a method for evaluating carbon release capacity of plant wastes.
Background
For a long time, nitrate pollution of water is one of important environmental problems, and rivers, lakes and underground water in various areas of China are polluted by nitrate with different degrees. The long-term drinking of nitrate-polluted water body has great harm to human body, such as causing methemoglobinemia, cancer, etc. Therefore, the industry is continuously searching for effective denitrification methods, wherein the biological denitrification process is widely applied to the treatment of urban nitrogen-containing wastewater, and the main principle is that ammonia nitrogen is converted into nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in an aerobic state; under the anoxic state, nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen are converted into nitrogen gas, thereby achieving the removal of nitrogen.
A carbon source is required as an electron donor in the denitrification process, and therefore, the carbon source is always a control factor of the biological denitrification technology. At present, the urban sewage treatment plants in China generally have the problem of insufficient denitrification carbon source, and the biological denitrification efficiency is seriously influenced. The existing research shows that various substances can be used as external carbon sources required by the denitrification process, and the existing external carbon sources can be divided into two main types: the traditional carbon source comprises substances such as CH3OH, C2H5O2Na, C6H12O6 and the like; the second is that the novel carbon source comprises some agricultural wastes. The traditional method is to add some liquid carbon sources, such as low molecular organic matters like methanol and ethanol, and saccharides like glucose and sucrose. The disadvantages of this method are high cost, inconvenient transportation and toxic liquid carbon source. Therefore, in recent years, many scholars are continuously searching for solid novel carbon sources which can replace traditional carbon sources, such as crops, agricultural wastes, some biodegradable polymers and the like, and have low price and can continuously release carbon. Among them, agricultural wastes have been a research hotspot due to their advantages of safety and economy, and have achieved certain results.
Therefore, it is desired to design a method for evaluating carbon releasing ability of plant waste, which reduces sampling period, simplifies operation steps, and realizes effective evaluation of carbon releasing performance, so as to find more effective plant waste carbon source and obtain optimal carbon releasing conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for evaluating the carbon release capability of plant wastes, which researches the carbon release effect of various plant wastes and the release rule of the plant wastes under various conditions by adopting an organic carbon static release method, thereby optimizing a denitrification external carbon source and an optimal carbon release condition which are advanced, reliable and reasonable economically.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for evaluating carbon releasing ability of plant waste, comprising the steps of:
1. collecting a solid carbon source, namely collecting the solid carbon source,
collecting plant wastes, cleaning, air drying, storing in a drying oven according to categories,
2. the pre-treatment of the raw material is carried out,
taking out raw materials in a drying oven, pulverizing with a pulverizer, sieving with 200 mesh, 100 mesh, 80 mesh, 60 mesh, 40 mesh and 20 mesh sieves respectively, oven drying in an oven at 65 deg.C for 24 hr, cooling, packaging into sample bags, placing in a desiccant for use,
3. the preparation method comprises the steps of preparing an experimental reagent,
respectively preparing a potassium dichromate standard solution, a ferroxyl indicator, an ammonium ferrous sulfate standard solution and a sulfuric acid-silver sulfate solution,
4. the configuration of the simulated wastewater is carried out,
2.2 liters of tap water were taken, 0.8g of glucose, 0.214g of ammonium chloride and 0.158g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate were weighed out and dissolved, and 3.5ml of 40g/L MgSO4And 30g/L of CaCl2And 3.5mL of trace elements,
5. the determination of the amount of chemical oxygen demand,
taking 10mL of water sample which is uniformly mixed, placing the water sample in a 250mL of ground reflux conical flask, accurately adding 5.00mL of potassium dichromate solution and a plurality of small glass beads or zeolite, connecting a ground reflux condenser pipe, and slowly adding 15mL of silver sulfate solution from the condenser pipe; gently shaking the conical flask to mix the solution, heating and refluxing for 1h,
when the chloride ion in the wastewater exceeds 30mg/L, 0.2g of mercuric sulfate is firstly added into a reflux conical flask, 10.00mL of wastewater is added, the mixture is shaken up,
after cooling, washing the wall of the condensation tube with 45mL of water, and taking down the conical flask; the volume of the solution should not be less than 70mL,
after the solution is cooled again, 3 drops of ferroxyl indicator solution are added, ammonium ferrous sulfate standard solution is used for titration, the end point is that the color of the solution is changed from yellow to blue-green to reddish-brown, the dosage of the ammonium ferrous sulfate standard solution is recorded,
while measuring a water sample, performing a blank experiment by using 10.00mL of redistilled water according to the same operation steps; recording the dosage of the standard solution of ferrous ammonium sulfate when the titration is blank,
data processing
In the formula: c, concentration of the ammonium ferrous sulfate standard solution, mol/L;
V0the dosage of the standard solution of ferrous ammonium sulfate in blank titration is mL;
V1the dosage of the standard solution of ferrous ammonium sulfate in the water sample titration is mL;
v is the volume of the water sample, mL;
6. the determination of the total organic carbon is carried out,
pre-acidifying a water sample, introducing nitrogen for aeration, removing carbon dioxide generated by decomposing various carbonates, and injecting into an instrument for measurement;
after the gas is opened, the total organic carbon measuring instrument is opened, out is adjusted to 160 through multi software, after furace is heated to 800, load method is clicked, TOC is selected, start measure, sample TD and start are clicked, after the occurrence of a please fed sample intro TIC, a filtered aqueous solution is added by a special syringe, ok is clicked, data is waited,
7. obtaining the carbon release concentration of the plant wastes under different factors,
time: respectively weighing 1g of standby carbon source materials, putting the carbon source materials into a 250mL conical flask, adding 80mL of deionized water, standing the conical flask in a constant temperature and humidity box, controlling the experimental temperature to be 25 +/-1 ℃, controlling the pH to be about 7 and the particle size to be 0.18mm, respectively sampling for 5h, 6h, 7h, 8h, 9h and 10h, and measuring the COD concentration and the TOC concentration of the aqueous solution after filtering.
Temperature: respectively weighing 1g of standby carbon source materials, putting the carbon source materials into a 250mL conical flask, adding 80mL of deionized water, putting the conical flask into a constant temperature and humidity box, respectively controlling the experimental temperature at 10 +/-1 ℃, 20 +/-1 ℃, 30 +/-1 ℃, 40 +/-1 ℃, pH at about 7 and the particle size of 0.18mm, sampling after 8 hours, filtering the aqueous solution through a funnel, determining the COD concentration and the TOC concentration,
solid-liquid ratio: respectively weighing 1g of carbon source material, putting the carbon source material into a 250mL conical flask, respectively adding 40mL, 80mL, 160mL and 200mL of deionized water, then placing the conical flask into a constant temperature and humidity box, controlling the experiment temperature at 25 +/-1 ℃, controlling the pH at about 7 and the particle size at 0.18mm, sampling after 8 hours, and measuring the COD concentration and the TOC concentration of the aqueous solution after filtering the aqueous solution by a funnel.
Particle size: weighing 1g of the standby carbon source materials with the screen meshes of 200 meshes, 100 meshes, 80 meshes, 60 meshes, 40 meshes and 20 meshes respectively, putting the standby carbon source materials into a 250mL conical flask, adding 80mL of deionized water, putting the conical flask into a constant-temperature constant-humidity box, controlling the experimental temperature to be 25 +/-1 ℃, controlling the pH to be about 7 and the particle size to be 0.18mm, sampling after 8 hours, and measuring the COD concentration and the TOC concentration of the aqueous solution after filtering the aqueous solution by a funnel.
Stirring strength: respectively weighing 1g of standby carbon source materials, putting the carbon source materials into a 250mL conical flask, adding 80mL of deionized water, putting the conical flask into a water bath thermostat, changing the stirring strength to 60r/min, 100r/min, 130r/min, 160r/min and 180r/min respectively, controlling the experimental temperature to be 25 +/-1 ℃, controlling the pH to be about 7 and the particle size to be 0.18mm, sampling after 8 hours, and measuring the COD concentration and the TOC concentration of the aqueous solution after filtering the aqueous solution through a funnel.
8. The evaluation was carried out by the following method,
evaluating the carbon releasing capacity of the carbon source by comparing the chemical oxygen demand and the total organic carbon concentration of different carbon sources,
and evaluating the influence of different factors on the carbon release capacity through different time, temperature, solid-liquid ratio, particle size and stirring strength.
Further, in the step of preparing the experimental reagent, the preparation method of the potassium dichromate standard solution comprises the following steps: weighing 12.258g of standard or superior pure potassium dichromate which is dried for 2 hours at 120 ℃ in advance, dissolving in water, transferring into a 1000mL volumetric flask, diluting to a marked line, and shaking up;
the preparation method of the ferrosofil indicator comprises the following steps: weighing 1.485g of phenanthroline (C)12H8N2·H2O, 1, 10, 10-phenanthroline), 0.695g ferrous sulfate (FeSO)4·7H2O) dissolved in water, diluted to 100mL and stored inIn a brown bottle;
the preparation method of the ammonium ferrous sulfate standard solution comprises the following steps: weighing 19.75g of ferrous ammonium sulfate, dissolving in water, slowly adding 10mL of concentrated sulfuric acid while stirring, cooling, transferring into a 1000mL volumetric flask, adding water to dilute until the mark line is marked, and shaking up;
the preparation method of the sulfuric acid-silver sulfate solution comprises the following steps: 5g of silver sulfate was added to 500mL of a concentrated sulfuric acid solution, and the mixture was left to stand for 1 to 2 days while shaking it occasionally to dissolve it.
Further, chemical oxygen demand was measured by timing the heating reflux from the time boiling was initiated.
Further, when measuring the chemical oxygen demand, the volume 1/10 of the waste water sample and the reagent required by the operation are taken: shaking in a 15mm × 15mm hard glass tube, heating, and observing whether the glass tube turns green; if the solution is green, properly reducing the sampling amount of the wastewater until the solution is not green; thereby determining the volume to be taken when analyzing the waste water sample. And during dilution, the sample amount of the taken wastewater is not less than 5mL, and if the chemical oxygen demand is high, the wastewater is diluted for multiple times.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method for evaluating the carbon releasing capability of the plant wastes selects different plant wastes as solid carbon sources, and researches the carbon releasing effect and the releasing rule of the plant wastes under various conditions, thereby optimizing the denitrification external carbon source and the optimal carbon releasing condition which are advanced, reliable and reasonable economically. The method has important significance and guiding effect on solving the utilization problem of the plant wastes at present, developing cheap and practical environment-friendly materials and solving the problem of the external carbon source of the sewage treatment plant.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for evaluating carbon releasing ability of plant waste according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows the concentration changes of COD and TOC of three carbon source materials (rice husk, straw and wood dust) at different times;
FIG. 3 shows the concentration changes of COD and TOC at different temperatures of three carbon source materials (rice husk, straw and wood dust);
FIG. 4 shows the concentration changes of COD and TOC under different solid-to-liquid ratios of three carbon source materials (rice husk, straw and wood dust);
FIG. 5 shows the concentration changes of COD and TOC under different particle sizes of three carbon source materials (rice husk, straw and wood dust);
FIG. 6 shows the concentration changes of COD and TOC under different stirring strengths of three carbon source materials (rice husk, straw and wood chip).
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
The experimental medicines, instruments and vessels are as follows:
TABLE 1 Experimental drugs and specifications
TABLE 2 Experimental instruments, Equipment and models
TABLE 3 Main vessel
As shown in fig. 1, a method for evaluating carbon releasing ability of plant waste comprises the following steps:
1. collecting a solid carbon source, namely collecting the solid carbon source,
collecting plant wastes, cleaning, air drying, storing in a drying oven according to categories,
2. the pre-treatment of the raw material is carried out,
taking out raw materials in a drying oven, pulverizing with a pulverizer, sieving with 200 mesh, 100 mesh, 80 mesh, 60 mesh, 40 mesh and 20 mesh sieves respectively, oven drying in an oven at 65 deg.C for 24 hr, cooling, packaging into sample bags, placing in a desiccant for use,
3. the preparation method comprises the steps of preparing an experimental reagent,
respectively preparing a potassium dichromate standard solution, a ferroxyl indicator, an ammonium ferrous sulfate standard solution and a sulfuric acid-silver sulfate solution,
4. the configuration of the simulated wastewater is carried out,
2.2 liters of tap water were taken, 0.8g of glucose, 0.214g of ammonium chloride and 0.158g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate were weighed out and dissolved, and 3.5ml of 40g/L MgSO4And 30g/L of CaCl2And 3.5mL of trace elements,
5. the determination of the amount of chemical oxygen demand,
taking 10mL of water sample which is uniformly mixed, placing the water sample in a 250mL of ground reflux conical flask, accurately adding 5.00mL of potassium dichromate solution and a plurality of small glass beads or zeolite, connecting a ground reflux condenser pipe, and slowly adding 15mL of silver sulfate solution from the condenser pipe; gently shaking the conical flask to mix the solution, heating and refluxing for 1h,
when the chloride ion in the wastewater exceeds 30mg/L, 0.2g of mercuric sulfate is firstly added into a reflux conical flask, 10.00mL of wastewater is added, the mixture is shaken up,
after cooling, washing the wall of the condensation tube with 45mL of water, and taking down the conical flask; the volume of the solution should not be less than 70mL,
after the solution is cooled again, 3 drops of ferroxyl indicator solution are added, ammonium ferrous sulfate standard solution is used for titration, the end point is that the color of the solution is changed from yellow to blue-green to reddish-brown, the dosage of the ammonium ferrous sulfate standard solution is recorded,
while measuring a water sample, performing a blank experiment by using 10.00mL of redistilled water according to the same operation steps; recording the dosage of the standard solution of ferrous ammonium sulfate when the titration is blank,
data processing
In the formula: c, concentration of the ammonium ferrous sulfate standard solution, mol/L;
V0the dosage of the standard solution of ferrous ammonium sulfate in blank titration is mL;
V1the dosage of the standard solution of ferrous ammonium sulfate in the water sample titration is mL;
v is the volume of the water sample, mL;
6. the determination of the total organic carbon is carried out,
pre-acidifying a water sample, introducing nitrogen for aeration, removing carbon dioxide generated by decomposing various carbonates, and injecting into an instrument for measurement;
after the gas is opened, the total organic carbon measuring instrument is opened, out is adjusted to 160 through multi software, after furace is heated to 800, load method is clicked, TOC is selected, start measure, sample TD and start are clicked, after the occurrence of a please fed sample intro TIC, a filtered aqueous solution is added by a special syringe, ok is clicked, data is waited,
7. obtaining the carbon release concentration of the plant wastes under different factors,
time: respectively weighing 1g of standby carbon source materials, putting the carbon source materials into a 250mL conical flask, adding 80mL of deionized water, standing the conical flask in a constant temperature and humidity box, controlling the experimental temperature to be 25 +/-1 ℃, controlling the pH to be about 7 and the particle size to be 0.18mm, respectively sampling for 5h, 6h, 7h, 8h, 9h and 10h, and measuring the COD concentration and the TOC concentration of the aqueous solution after filtering.
Temperature: respectively weighing 1g of standby carbon source materials, putting the carbon source materials into a 250mL conical flask, adding 80mL of deionized water, putting the conical flask into a constant temperature and humidity box, respectively controlling the experimental temperature at 10 +/-1 ℃, 20 +/-1 ℃, 30 +/-1 ℃, 40 +/-1 ℃, pH at about 7 and the particle size of 0.18mm, sampling after 8 hours, filtering the aqueous solution through a funnel, determining the COD concentration and the TOC concentration,
solid-liquid ratio: respectively weighing 1g of carbon source material, putting the carbon source material into a 250mL conical flask, respectively adding 40mL, 80mL, 160mL and 200mL of deionized water, then placing the conical flask into a constant temperature and humidity box, controlling the experiment temperature at 25 +/-1 ℃, controlling the pH at about 7 and the particle size at 0.18mm, sampling after 8 hours, and measuring the COD concentration and the TOC concentration of the aqueous solution after filtering the aqueous solution by a funnel.
Particle size: weighing 1g of the standby carbon source materials with the screen meshes of 200 meshes, 100 meshes, 80 meshes, 60 meshes, 40 meshes and 20 meshes respectively, putting the standby carbon source materials into a 250mL conical flask, adding 80mL of deionized water, putting the conical flask into a constant-temperature constant-humidity box, controlling the experimental temperature to be 25 +/-1 ℃, controlling the pH to be about 7 and the particle size to be 0.18mm, sampling after 8 hours, and measuring the COD concentration and the TOC concentration of the aqueous solution after filtering the aqueous solution by a funnel.
Stirring strength: respectively weighing 1g of standby carbon source materials, putting the carbon source materials into a 250mL conical flask, adding 80mL of deionized water, putting the conical flask into a water bath thermostat, changing the stirring strength to 60r/min, 100r/min, 130r/min, 160r/min and 180r/min respectively, controlling the experimental temperature to be 25 +/-1 ℃, controlling the pH to be about 7 and the particle size to be 0.18mm, sampling after 8 hours, and measuring the COD concentration and the TOC concentration of the aqueous solution after filtering the aqueous solution through a funnel.
8. The evaluation was carried out by the following method,
evaluating the carbon releasing capacity of the carbon source by comparing the chemical oxygen demand and the total organic carbon concentration of different carbon sources,
and evaluating the influence of different factors on the carbon release capacity through different time, temperature, solid-liquid ratio, particle size and stirring strength.
In one example, in the step of preparing the test reagent, the preparation method of the standard solution of potassium dichromate is as follows: weighing 12.258g of standard or superior pure potassium dichromate which is dried for 2 hours at 120 ℃ in advance, dissolving in water, transferring into a 1000mL volumetric flask, diluting to a marked line, and shaking up;
the preparation method of the ferrosofil indicator comprises the following steps: weighing 1.485g of phenanthroline (C)12H8N2·H2O, 1, 10, 10-phenanthroline), 0.695g ferrous sulfate (FeSO)4·7H2O) is dissolved in water, diluted to 100mL and stored in a brown bottle;
the preparation method of the ammonium ferrous sulfate standard solution comprises the following steps: weighing 19.75g of ferrous ammonium sulfate, dissolving in water, slowly adding 10mL of concentrated sulfuric acid while stirring, cooling, transferring into a 1000mL volumetric flask, adding water to dilute until the mark line is marked, and shaking up;
the preparation method of the sulfuric acid-silver sulfate solution comprises the following steps: 5g of silver sulfate was added to 500mL of a concentrated sulfuric acid solution, and the mixture was left to stand for 1 to 2 days while shaking it occasionally to dissolve it.
In one example, the chemical oxygen demand is measured by timing the heating reflux from the time boiling is initiated.
In one example, for chemical oxygen demand measurement, 1/10 volumes of the wastewater sample and reagents required for the above operation are taken: shaking in a 15mm × 15mm hard glass tube, heating, and observing whether the glass tube turns green; if the solution is green, properly reducing the sampling amount of the wastewater until the solution is not green; thereby determining the volume to be taken when analyzing the waste water sample. And during dilution, the sample amount of the taken wastewater is not less than 5mL, and if the chemical oxygen demand is high, the wastewater is diluted for multiple times.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
the invention selects different plant wastes as solid carbon sources by a simple chemical experimental method, and researches the carbon release effect and the release rule of the solid carbon sources under various conditions by adopting an organic carbon static release method, thereby optimizing the denitrification external carbon source and the optimal carbon release conditions which are advanced, reliable and reasonable economically. The evaluation method can select the plant wastes with strong carbon release as the external carbon source and can determine the optimal operating conditions of the optimized external carbon source. The method has important significance and guiding effect on solving the utilization problem of the plant wastes at present, developing cheap and practical environment-friendly materials and solving the problem of the external carbon source of the sewage treatment plant.
As is evident from FIG. 2, the COD and TOC concentrations of the leachate reach the highest level and then show a descending trend within 7-8 h.
As is evident from FIG. 3, the carbon release capacity increases with increasing temperature, and the COD concentration and TOC of the leachate increase with increasing temperature, because the temperature increases and the thermal movement of molecules in the solid carbon source material increases, which accelerates the transfer between the carbon source material and the external water body and is beneficial to the release of organic substances in the material. Therefore, as the temperature increases, the organic matter content in the solid carbon source soaking solution also increases.
As is apparent from FIG. 4, as the solid-to-liquid ratio increases, both the COD and TOC concentrations of the carbon source material increase. The COD and TOC concentrations of the leachate of the carbon source are increased along with the increase of the solid-to-liquid ratio, because the solid-to-liquid ratio is increased, the concentration difference between the carbon source material and the external water body is increased, the mass transfer between the carbon source material and the external water body is facilitated, and the release rate and the release amount of organic matters are increased. Therefore, the leachate COD and TOC concentrations are significantly affected by the solid-to-liquid ratio.
As is apparent from FIG. 5, the influence of the particle size on the COD concentration of part of the carbon source is large, and the larger the particle size is, the poorer the carbon releasing property is. Since the smaller the particle size, the greater its contact with water, the better the leaching effect.
As is apparent from fig. 6, the carbon releasing ability of the plant waste is reduced with the increase of the stirring strength, but the reduction range is not large and is relatively stable, so that the stirring strength has little influence on the carbon releasing ability of the plant waste.
The foregoing has described the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical spirit and features of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto but may be implemented by those skilled in the art.
Claims (4)
1. A method for evaluating the carbon releasing capability of plant wastes is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting a solid carbon source,
collecting plant wastes, cleaning, air drying, storing in a drying oven according to categories,
s2, pre-treating the raw material,
taking out raw materials in a drying oven, pulverizing with a pulverizer, sieving with 200 mesh, 100 mesh, 80 mesh, 60 mesh, 40 mesh and 20 mesh sieves respectively, oven drying in an oven at 65 deg.C for 24 hr, cooling, packaging into sample bags, placing in a desiccant for use,
s3, preparing an experimental reagent,
respectively preparing a potassium dichromate standard solution, a ferroxyl indicator, an ammonium ferrous sulfate standard solution and a sulfuric acid-silver sulfate solution,
s4, simulating the configuration of the waste water,
2.2 liters of tap water were taken, 0.8g of glucose, 0.214g of ammonium chloride and 0.158g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate were weighed out and dissolved, and 3.5ml of 40g/L MgSO4And 30g/L of CaCl2And 3.5mL of trace elements,
s5, measuring the chemical oxygen demand,
taking 10mL of water sample which is uniformly mixed, placing the water sample in a 250mL of ground reflux conical flask, accurately adding 5.00mL of potassium dichromate solution and a plurality of small glass beads or zeolite, connecting a ground reflux condenser pipe, and slowly adding 15mL of silver sulfate solution from the condenser pipe; gently shaking the conical flask to mix the solution, heating and refluxing for 1h,
when the chloride ion in the wastewater exceeds 30mg/L, 0.2g of mercuric sulfate is firstly added into a reflux conical flask, 10.00mL of wastewater is added, the mixture is shaken up,
after cooling, washing the wall of the condensation tube with 45mL of water, and taking down the conical flask; the volume of the solution should not be less than 70mL,
after the solution is cooled again, 3 drops of ferroxyl indicator solution are added, ammonium ferrous sulfate standard solution is used for titration, the end point is that the color of the solution is changed from yellow to blue-green to reddish-brown, the dosage of the ammonium ferrous sulfate standard solution is recorded,
while measuring a water sample, performing a blank experiment by using 10.00mL of redistilled water according to the same operation steps; recording the dosage of the standard solution of ferrous ammonium sulfate when the titration is blank,
data processing
In the formula: c, concentration of the ammonium ferrous sulfate standard solution, mol/L;
V0titrationThe dosage of the standard solution of ferrous ammonium sulfate in the blank is mL;
V1the dosage of the standard solution of ferrous ammonium sulfate in the water sample titration is mL;
v is the volume of the water sample, mL;
s6, measuring the total organic carbon,
pre-acidifying a water sample, introducing nitrogen for aeration, removing carbon dioxide generated by decomposing various carbonates, and injecting into an instrument for measurement;
after the gas is opened, the total organic carbon measuring instrument is opened, out is adjusted to 160 through multi software, after furace is heated to 800, load method is clicked, TOC is selected, start measure, sample TD and start are clicked, after the occurrence of a please fed sample intro TIC, a filtered aqueous solution is added by a special syringe, ok is clicked, data is waited,
s7, obtaining the carbon release concentration of the plant waste under different factors,
time: respectively weighing 1g of standby carbon source materials, putting the carbon source materials into a 250mL conical flask, adding 80mL of deionized water, standing the conical flask in a constant temperature and humidity box, controlling the experimental temperature to be 25 +/-1 ℃, controlling the pH to be about 7 and the particle size to be 0.18mm, respectively sampling for 5h, 6h, 7h, 8h, 9h and 10h, and measuring the COD concentration and the TOC concentration of the aqueous solution after filtering;
temperature: respectively weighing 1g of standby carbon source materials, putting the carbon source materials into a 250mL conical flask, adding 80mL of deionized water, putting the conical flask into a constant temperature and humidity box, respectively controlling the experimental temperature at 10 +/-1 ℃, 20 +/-1 ℃, 30 +/-1 ℃, 40 +/-1 ℃, pH at about 7 and the particle size of 0.18mm, sampling after 8 hours, and measuring the COD concentration and the TOC concentration of the aqueous solution after filtering the aqueous solution through a funnel;
solid-liquid ratio: respectively weighing 1g of carbon source material, putting the carbon source material into a 250mL conical flask, respectively adding 40mL, 80mL, 160mL and 200mL of deionized water, then placing the conical flask into a constant temperature and humidity box, controlling the experimental temperature to be 25 +/-1 ℃, controlling the pH to be about 7 and measuring the particle size to be 0.18mm, sampling after 8 hours, and measuring the COD concentration and the TOC concentration of the aqueous solution after filtering the aqueous solution by a funnel;
particle size: respectively weighing 1g of standby carbon source materials with the screening meshes of 200 meshes, 100 meshes, 80 meshes, 60 meshes, 40 meshes and 20 meshes, putting the standby carbon source materials into a 250mL conical flask, adding 80mL of deionized water, putting the conical flask into a constant-temperature constant-humidity box, controlling the experimental temperature to be 25 +/-1 ℃, controlling the pH to be about 7 and the particle size to be 0.18mm, sampling after 8 hours, and measuring the COD concentration and the TOC concentration of the aqueous solution after filtering the aqueous solution by a funnel;
stirring strength: respectively weighing 1g of standby carbon source materials, putting the carbon source materials into a 250mL conical flask, adding 80mL of deionized water, putting the conical flask into a water bath thermostat, changing the stirring strength to 60r/min, 100r/min, 130r/min, 160r/min and 180r/min respectively, controlling the experimental temperature to be 25 +/-1 ℃, controlling the pH to be about 7 and the particle size to be 0.18mm, sampling after 8 hours, and measuring the COD concentration and the TOC concentration of the aqueous solution after filtering the aqueous solution through a funnel;
s8, evaluating the results,
evaluating the carbon releasing capacity of the carbon source by comparing the chemical oxygen demand and the total organic carbon concentration of different carbon sources;
and evaluating the influence of different factors on the carbon release capacity through different time, temperature, solid-liquid ratio, particle size and stirring strength.
2. The method for evaluating the carbon releasing ability of plant waste according to claim 1, wherein: in the step of preparing the experimental reagent by S3, the preparation method of the potassium dichromate standard solution comprises the following steps: weighing 12.258g of standard or superior pure potassium dichromate which is dried for 2 hours at 120 ℃ in advance, dissolving in water, transferring into a 1000mL volumetric flask, diluting to a marked line, and shaking up;
the preparation method of the ferrosofil indicator comprises the following steps: weighing 1.485g of phenanthroline (C)12H8N2·H2O, 1, 10, 10-phenanthroline), 0.695g ferrous sulfate (FeSO)4·7H2O) is dissolved in water, diluted to 100mL and stored in a brown bottle;
the preparation method of the ammonium ferrous sulfate standard solution comprises the following steps: weighing 19.75g of ferrous ammonium sulfate, dissolving in water, slowly adding 10mL of concentrated sulfuric acid while stirring, cooling, transferring into a 1000mL volumetric flask, adding water to dilute until the mark line is marked, and shaking up;
the preparation method of the sulfuric acid-silver sulfate solution comprises the following steps: 5g of silver sulfate was added to 500mL of a concentrated sulfuric acid solution, and the mixture was left to stand for 1 to 2 days while shaking it occasionally to dissolve it.
3. The method for evaluating the carbon releasing ability of plant waste according to claim 1, wherein: s5 chemical oxygen demand measurement, the reflux of heat was timed from the time boiling began.
4. The method for evaluating the carbon releasing ability of plant waste according to claim 1 or 3, wherein: when the chemical oxygen demand is measured in S5, firstly taking 1/10 volume of waste water sample and reagent required by the operation: shaking in a 15mm × 15mm hard glass tube, heating, and observing whether the glass tube turns green; if the solution is green, properly reducing the sampling amount of the wastewater until the solution is not green; so as to determine the volume to be used when the waste water sample is analyzed; and during dilution, the sample amount of the taken wastewater is not less than 5mL, and if the chemical oxygen demand is high, the wastewater is diluted for multiple times.
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