CN114152213B - Device and method for measuring morphology features of rod type model by matching with handheld 3D scanner - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring morphology features of rod type model by matching with handheld 3D scanner Download PDFInfo
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- CN114152213B CN114152213B CN202111348717.1A CN202111348717A CN114152213B CN 114152213 B CN114152213 B CN 114152213B CN 202111348717 A CN202111348717 A CN 202111348717A CN 114152213 B CN114152213 B CN 114152213B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012216 imaging agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 26
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for measuring the morphological characteristics of a rod model by matching with a handheld 3D scanner. The fixing device comprises a cross fixing frame and bench clamps, the bench clamps are adsorbed on the cross fixing frame through rubber sucker bases, jaw sizes of bench clamps can be adjusted through threaded screw rods, the direction of the bench clamps is adjusted through universal balls, the testing device comprises a handheld 3D scanner, a movable support, a marking plate and marking points, the marking points are attached to the marking plate and the movable support, the marking plate is fixed on the movable support through bolts, the distance between the marking plate and a model can be adjusted through the movable support, the data acquisition device comprises a computer and a data transmission line, and the 3D scanner is connected to the computer through the data transmission line. The testing device provided by the invention has the characteristics of simple assembly and disassembly, convenience in operation, fewer instruments required for test, reusability, and capability of rapidly and accurately carrying out 3D scanning on the rod type model and establishing a 3D model of the rod type model.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of 3D scanning, in particular to a device and a method for measuring the morphological characteristics of a rod model.
Background
The method for acquiring the spatial data of the surface of the existing object through the digital measuring equipment is a very mature technology at present, wherein the handheld 3D scanner works in a non-contact 3D scanning mode, is flexible, portable, efficient and easy to use, is matched with computer software, can be spliced fully automatically, has the advantages of high efficiency, high precision, long service life, high resolution, no damage to the surface of the object and the like, is suitable for reverse modeling of complex free surfaces, and has application in various aspects such as civil engineering, indoor design, building monitoring, disaster assessment and the like. The main working principle is that a laser ranging is utilized, a three-dimensional scanner emits a laser band, position information of a scanning model is determined through fixed identification points, when the laser band irradiates a measured object and moves on the measured object, reflected light signals are obtained, point clouds of the geometric surface of the scanned object can be created through computer software, the points can be used for interpolation to form the surface shape of the object, and the model created more densely by the point clouds is more precise.
However, the line of sight of the handheld 3D scanner is mostly cone-shaped, the collection of information is limited in a certain range, and in the line of sight, at least three mark points need to be identified as the basis of splicing data for each collection, so that the spatial 3D coordinates of the surface of the measured object can be determined. Three common marking point arrangement methods are adopted, namely, marking points are stuck on the surface of a model to be tested; secondly, densely distributing identification points on the workbench surface; thirdly, a reference elevation is additionally arranged on the working table surface, and identification points are additionally distributed on the elevation. For rod models with complex surfaces, such as rusted steel bars, if a conventional three-identification-point arrangement method is adopted, certain problems exist, and it is still difficult to quickly and accurately restore the morphological characteristics of the model to be measured. The rusted steel bar is used as a model to be tested, the first method is to arrange the identification points on the surface of the steel bar, but the shape characteristics of the area covered by the identification points are difficult to restore by post-processing software due to the irregular shape of the surface of the rusted steel bar; the second method is that more identification points are arranged on a working table, but when the length of the steel bar is larger (more than 200 mm), the distance between the scanner and the identification points is too far, the scanner can hardly identify the identification points on the table, and for the steel bar with ribs perfectly, the scanning is carried out along the length direction of the steel bar, when the scanning is carried out from top to bottom, the laser of the scanner is hardly irradiated to the backlight side of the transverse rib under the influence of the transverse rib, when the scanning is carried out from top to bottom, and when the scanning is carried out from bottom to top, the 3D scanner still cannot calculate the space coordinates of the backlight side surface of the transverse rib of the steel bar because the reference identification points are not enough above the model; the third method is to set a reference elevation along the length direction of the steel bar, and arrange the mark points on the reference elevation, while this method can solve the scanning modeling of the surface of the steel bar in a certain direction, the steel bar is still used as a cylindrical model, and the scanner needs to encircle the surface of the steel bar for one circle to finish scanning.
Therefore, there is a need to address the above issues by measuring the topographical features of rod models using a handheld 3D scanner.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art, and provides a device and a method for measuring the morphological characteristics of a rod type model by matching with a handheld 3D scanner.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a device for measuring the morphology features of a rod type model by matching with a handheld 3D scanner comprises a fixing device, a testing device and a data acquisition device;
the fixing device comprises a cross fixing frame and bench clamps, the rod type model to be tested is clamped and fixed on the bench clamps, the bench clamps are fixedly adsorbed at the central position of the cross fixing frame through a rubber sucker base, and the cross fixing frame is formed by splicing four sliding rails with the same length;
the testing device comprises a handheld 3D scanner, a movable support and a marking plate, wherein the movable support is respectively arranged on four sliding rails of the cross fixing frame and can move along the sliding rails, the marking plate is vertically arranged on the movable support, and marking points are distributed on the marking plate and the cross fixing frame;
the data acquisition device comprises a computer and a data transmission line, and the handheld 3D scanner is connected to the computer through the data transmission line.
As a further preferred embodiment, the jaws of the bench clamp are provided with black rubber protective sleeves.
As a further preferable scheme, the ratio of the length of the rod type model to be measured to the radius of gyration of the cross section is more than or equal to 8.
As a further preferable scheme, the height of the marking plate is more than or equal to the sum of the length of the rod type model to be detected and the height of the bench clamp, the width of the marking plate is 100mm-300mm, and the thickness of the marking plate is more than or equal to 10mm.
As a further preferable mode, the bench clamp can adjust the rotation direction at will through the universal ball.
As a further preferred embodiment, the identification points should be arranged randomly, and wherein part of the identification points should be arranged near both sides of the long side of the identification plate, the distance between two adjacent identification points is 50mm to 200mm.
A testing method of a device for measuring the morphology features of a rod type model by matching with a handheld 3D scanner comprises the following steps:
step one: fixing; fixing the bench clamp at the center of a cross fixing frame, adjusting universal balls of the bench clamp to ensure that the clamping direction of the bench clamp meets the actual requirement, adjusting the size of a jaw of the bench clamp, preprocessing a model to be tested (spraying a developing agent on a transparent or reflective piece to ensure that laser of a 3D scanner can be normally reflected on the surface and captured by the scanner), and firmly fixing the model to be tested on the bench clamp;
step two: arranging identification points; the marking points are arranged on the marking plate, the cross fixing frame and the working table surface, wherein the working table surface refers to the horizontal surface on which the device is arranged, and when the marking points are arranged on the marking plate, the marking points are close to two sides of the long side of the marking plate;
step three: adjusting the distance; connecting a handheld 3D scanner to a computer through a data transmission line, starting a pre-scanning test on a rod model to be tested by using the handheld 3D scanner, selecting a space between any two identification plates, sweeping the 3D scanner from bottom to top by the rod model to be tested, checking 3D point clouds of the rod model to be tested in real time through the computer, and if the 3D scanner cannot identify identification points on the identification plates, pulling the distance between the identification plates and the tested model by a movable bracket until the 3D scanner can work normally;
step four: scanning; a 3D scanner is used for sweeping the rod type model to be detected from bottom to top in the space between the two identification plates, after one surface of the rod type model to be detected is scanned, the 3D scanner is sequentially moved, and the method is repeated to finish scanning in the three remaining directions;
step five: editing and scanning; and D, editing the 3D point cloud in the fourth step through a computer, deleting redundant miscellaneous points, and finally completing scanning to obtain the complete 3D digital model of the rod type model to be detected.
Advantageous effects
According to the invention, through setting 4 identification plates with adjustable distances, more reference identification points are provided for the handheld 3D scanner in the working process, the dependence of the scanner on the identification points on the working table and the model to be tested in the scanning process is reduced, and the distance between the 4 identification plates can be freely adjusted, so that the 3D scanner can identify the identification points and has enough space to facilitate operation, thereby solving the inconvenience of the handheld 3D scanner in the complex rod type model measurement process and greatly improving the working efficiency of the scanner. The whole testing device has the characteristics of simple assembly, reusability, convenient operation, few instruments required for measuring work, capability of accurately measuring the morphological characteristics of the rod type model and convenience for subsequent 3D digital modeling.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the present invention in use;
the reference numerals are as follows: 1. a cross fixing frame; 2. a rubber sucker base; 3. a universal ball; 4. bench clamp; 5. a rod model to be tested; 6. identifying points; 7. a sign board; 8. a movable support; 9. a handheld 3D scanner; 10. a data transmission line; 11. and a computer.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments.
In the following, a to-be-tested model is taken as an example of a rust-resistant steel bar with the diameter of 16mm and the length of 400mm, and the technical scheme of the invention is further described, and unlike a bar shape with a regular shape, the rust-resistant steel bar is corroded by chloride salt to generate irregularly-shaped and randomly-distributed rust pits on the surface of the steel bar, so that identification points cannot be arranged on the surface of the model, otherwise, data at the identification points are lost, and in addition, the transverse ribs and part of the rust pits of the steel bar need to be scanned from the bottom view from bottom to top, so that the identification points on the identification plate need to be relied on.
As shown in fig. 1: the utility model provides a device of cooperation handheld 3D scanner measurement rod-type model morphology characteristic, includes corrosion reinforcing bar 5, fixing device, testing arrangement and data acquisition device.
The device comprises a cross fixing frame 1 and bench clamps 4, wherein the bench clamps 4 are adsorbed on the cross fixing frame 1 through a rubber sucker base 2, the sizes of jaws of the bench clamps 4 can be adjusted according to the scanning model through a threaded screw rod, and the rotating direction can be adjusted at will through universal balls 3.
The testing device comprises a handheld 3D scanner 9, a movable support 8, a marking plate 7 and a marking point 6, wherein the marking point 6 is attached to the marking plate 7 and the cross fixing frame 1, the marking plate 7 is fixed on the movable support 8 through bolts, and the distance between the marking plate 7 and the rust steel bar 5 can be adjusted through the movable support 8.
The data acquisition device comprises a computer 11 and a data transmission line 10, and the 3D scanner 9 is connected to the computer 11 through the data transmission line 10.
The specific measuring method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of firstly, fixing a bench clamp 4 at the center of a cross fixing frame 1 through a rubber sucker base 2, adjusting universal balls 3 to enable the clamping direction of the bench clamp to be horizontal to a table top, derusting rust steel bars 5, spraying a developer, and then firmly fixing the rust steel bars 5 on the bench clamp by adjusting the jaw size of the bench clamp 4;
secondly, arranging identification points 6 on the identification plate 7 and the cross fixing frame 1 and on the workbench surface, wherein the identification points are randomly arranged, part of the identification points are arranged on two sides close to the long side of the identification plate, the distance between the two identification points is 50mm to 200mm, and when the identification points 6 are arranged on the identification plate 7, the identification points are close to the two sides of the long side of the identification plate 7, as shown in fig. 1;
thirdly, connecting the handheld 3D scanner 9 to a computer 11 through a data transmission line 10, starting scanning test, selecting any angle, moving the handheld 3D scanner 9 up and down and left and right, especially looking up at a view angle, sweeping the 3D scanner from bottom to top by the rusted steel bar 5, checking 3D point cloud of the rusted steel bar through the computer 11, and if the rusted steel bar 5 cannot be completely recognized by the 3D scanner 9, adjusting the distance between the identification plate and the rusted steel bar 5 through a movable bracket 8 so as to facilitate the operation of the 3D scanner 9;
fourth, starting formal scanning, as shown in fig. 2, sweeping the 3D scanner 9 from bottom to top in the space between the two identification plates 7, repeating the method after finishing the scanning of one surface of the rusted steel bar 5, and sequentially moving the 3D scanner 9 to finish the scanning of the remaining three surfaces;
and fifthly, editing and scanning, namely editing the obtained 3D point cloud of the rusted steel bar 5 through a computer 11, deleting redundant miscellaneous points, and finally finishing scanning to obtain a complete 3D model of the rusted steel bar 5.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical scheme of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof, and should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. Device of cooperation handheld 3D scanner measurement rod-type model morphology characteristic, its characterized in that: comprises a fixing device, a testing device and a data acquisition device;
the fixing device comprises a cross fixing frame (1) and bench clamps (4), wherein a rod type model (5) to be tested is clamped and fixed on the bench clamps (4), the bench clamps (4) are adsorbed and fixed at the central position of the cross fixing frame (1) through a rubber sucker base (2), and the cross fixing frame (1) is formed by splicing four sliding rails with the same length;
the testing device comprises a handheld 3D scanner (9), a movable support (8) and a marking plate (7), wherein the movable support (8) is respectively arranged on four sliding rails of the cross-shaped fixing frame (1), the movable support (8) can move along the sliding rails, the marking plate (7) is vertically arranged on the movable support (8), and marking points (6) are distributed on the marking plate (7) and the cross-shaped fixing frame (1);
the data acquisition device comprises a computer (11) and a data transmission line (10), and the handheld 3D scanner (9) is connected to the computer (11) through the data transmission line (10).
2. The device for measuring the topographical features of a stick model in combination with a handheld 3D scanner as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the jaw of the bench clamp (4) is provided with a black rubber protective sleeve.
3. The device for measuring the topographical features of a stick model in combination with a handheld 3D scanner as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the ratio of the length of the rod type model (5) to be tested to the turning radius of the cross section of the rod type model is more than or equal to 8.
4. The device for measuring the topographical features of a stick model in combination with a handheld 3D scanner as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the height of the marking plate (7) is larger than or equal to the sum of the length of the rod type model (5) to be detected and the height of the bench clamp, the width of the marking plate (7) is 100mm-300mm, and the thickness is larger than or equal to 10mm.
5. The device for measuring the topographical features of a stick model in combination with a handheld 3D scanner as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the bench clamp (4) can randomly adjust the rotation direction through the universal ball (3).
6. The device for measuring the topographical features of a stick model in combination with a handheld 3D scanner as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the distance between two adjacent marking points (6) on the marking plate (7) is 50mm to 200mm.
7. A method of testing an apparatus for measuring topographical features of a stick model in combination with a handheld 3D scanner as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
step one: fixing; fixing the bench clamp (4) at the center of the cross fixing frame (1), adjusting the universal ball (3) of the bench clamp (4) to ensure that the clamping direction of the bench clamp (4) meets the actual requirement, adjusting the jaw size of the bench clamp (4), and firmly fixing the rod type model (5) to be tested on the bench clamp (4) by spraying an imaging agent if the rod type model (5) to be tested is a transparent piece or a reflecting piece;
step two: -arranging identification points (6); marking points are arranged on the marking plate (7), the cross fixing frame (1) and the workbench surface, and when the marking points (6) are arranged on the marking plate (7), the marking points should be close to two sides of the long side of the marking plate (7);
step three: adjusting the distance; connecting a handheld 3D scanner (9) to a computer (11) through a data transmission line (10), starting a pre-scanning test on a rod model (5) to be tested by using the handheld 3D scanner (9), selecting a space between any two identification plates (7), sweeping the 3D scanner (9) from bottom to top by the rod model (5) to be tested, checking 3D point clouds of the rod model (5) to be tested in real time through the computer (11), and if the 3D scanner (9) cannot identify identification points (6) on the identification plates (7), pulling the distance between the identification plates (7) and the tested model (5) by using a movable support (8) until the 3D scanner can work normally;
step four: scanning; a 3D scanner (9) is used for sweeping the rod type model (5) to be detected from bottom to top in the space between the two identification plates (7), after one surface of the rod type model (5) to be detected is scanned, the 3D scanner (9) is sequentially moved, and the method is repeated to finish the scanning in the three remaining directions;
step five: editing and scanning; editing the 3D point cloud in the fourth step through a computer (11), deleting redundant miscellaneous points, and finally completing scanning to obtain a complete 3D digital model of the rod type model to be detected.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111348717.1A CN114152213B (en) | 2021-11-15 | 2021-11-15 | Device and method for measuring morphology features of rod type model by matching with handheld 3D scanner |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111348717.1A CN114152213B (en) | 2021-11-15 | 2021-11-15 | Device and method for measuring morphology features of rod type model by matching with handheld 3D scanner |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN114152213A CN114152213A (en) | 2022-03-08 |
| CN114152213B true CN114152213B (en) | 2023-12-26 |
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| CN202111348717.1A Active CN114152213B (en) | 2021-11-15 | 2021-11-15 | Device and method for measuring morphology features of rod type model by matching with handheld 3D scanner |
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| CN115164747B (en) * | 2022-09-05 | 2022-11-18 | 中国航空工业集团公司沈阳空气动力研究所 | Method for measuring thickness of ice layer on surface of aircraft model based on three-dimensional scanning |
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Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7711179B2 (en) * | 2004-04-21 | 2010-05-04 | Nextengine, Inc. | Hand held portable three dimensional scanner |
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2021
- 2021-11-15 CN CN202111348717.1A patent/CN114152213B/en active Active
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