CN114152085B - Biomass fuel and biomass fuel energy supply cement kiln - Google Patents

Biomass fuel and biomass fuel energy supply cement kiln Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114152085B
CN114152085B CN202111396009.5A CN202111396009A CN114152085B CN 114152085 B CN114152085 B CN 114152085B CN 202111396009 A CN202111396009 A CN 202111396009A CN 114152085 B CN114152085 B CN 114152085B
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biomass fuel
fuel
oxygen
spray pipe
lard
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CN114152085A (en
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周治海
王群
冀振龙
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Neixiang Baotianman Cement Co ltd
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Neixiang Baotianman Cement Co ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F27B7/08—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined externally heated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
    • C10L5/445—Agricultural waste, e.g. corn crops, grass clippings, nut shells or oil pressing residues
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
    • C10L9/10—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by using additives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F27B7/20—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to rotary-drum furnaces
    • F27B7/34—Arrangements of heating devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F27B7/20—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to rotary-drum furnaces
    • F27B7/36—Arrangements of air or gas supply devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F27B7/20—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to rotary-drum furnaces
    • F27B7/42—Arrangement of controlling, monitoring, alarm or like devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
    • F27D99/0033—Heating elements or systems using burners
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
    • Y02P40/125—Fuels from renewable energy sources, e.g. waste or biomass

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a biomass fuel and a biomass fuel energy-supplying cement kiln, belonging to the technical field of cement production, wherein the biomass fuel is prepared from 90-98% of straw powder, 3-10% of waste lard, 0.01-0.05% of polyether and 0.3-2% of a mildew preventive, the particle size of the straw powder is not more than 1mm, the content of saturated fatty acid in the waste lard is not less than 42%, and the prepared biomass fuel has the advantages of large stacking density, high heat value and stable combustion, and solves the problem that the straw is difficult to apply in the cement production; the biomass fuel energy-supply cement kiln can ensure that the biomass fuel is fully combusted in the cement kiln, and solves the problems of insufficient combustion and large temperature fluctuation when the cement kiln is powered by the biomass fuel.

Description

Biomass fuel and biomass fuel energy supply cement kiln
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cement production, in particular to a biomass fuel and a biomass fuel energy-supply cement kiln.
Background
The cement industry is a high-energy-consumption industry, a large amount of fuel needs to be consumed in the production process, the traditional cement kiln uses coal as fuel, the fuel cost occupies a large proportion in the production cost, and the coal-fired cement kiln cannot follow the development trend of the times along with the continuous conversion of the industrial system of China to the energy-saving type and the green type and is finally replaced in the future.
A large amount of straws can be generated in agricultural production in China, the treatment of the straws is a problem which is difficult to solve all the time, the burning is almost the only way to treat the straws before 2000 years, the phenomenon starts to be improved until the early twentieth century, farmers start to crush and bury the straws in situ in the harvest season, but the way needs to spend funds, increases the grain planting cost, has large straw volume, and is not enough to completely treat all the straws in situ in landfill, thereby causing huge resource waste.
At present, the straw is in the energyThe application of the source field has been studied in many directions, such as straw power generation, straw gas making, straw liquefaction, etc., and the application of using straw to replace coal and natural gas for industrial production has been reported in many ways, but the calorific value of the straw is about 15000kJ/kg, which is about half of that of standard coal, and also contains more impurities such as plant fiber, etc., and the bulk density is too low, taking straw as an example, the bulk density is only 0.035kg/m 3 The coal-fired cement kiln has the advantages that a large amount of space can be occupied in a fuel bin, when the coal is directly replaced by straws in the cement kiln to be used as fuel, the thermal power is insufficient, and the temperature required by cement production is difficult to reach.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: provides a biomass fuel, which utilizes the existing straw resources to solve the problem of the application of the straw as the fuel in the industrial production.
The invention also aims to: the biomass fuel energy-supply cement kiln is provided to use biomass fuel made of straws to produce cement, and the problem that the biomass fuel cannot be directly applied to the existing cement kiln is solved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the biomass fuel is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90-98% of straw powder, 3-10% of waste lard, 0.01-0.05% of polyether and 0.3-2% of mildew preventive, wherein the particle size of the straw powder is not more than 1mm, and the content of saturated fatty acid in the waste lard is not less than 42%.
Preferably, the polyether has the formula R (PO) x (EO) y (PO) z Wherein R is selected from polyethylene polyamine, resin or fatty alcohol, x is not less than 1,y not less than 1,z not less than 0.
Preferably, the mildew preventive is one or more of chitosan, cassia oil and thujoram oil.
Preferably, the biomass fuel is prepared by the following steps: pouring the straw powder into a stirring kettle, starting stirring, then heating the waste lard to a liquefied state, pouring the waste lard into the stirring kettle, sequentially adding polyether and a mildew preventive into the stirring kettle, uniformly mixing, and preparing into particles with the diameter of 0.5-2 mm by using a granulator to obtain the feed additive.
The invention also provides a cement kiln powered by the biomass fuel, which adopts an external heating mode and comprises a kiln body, a driving device, a burner, a feeding hopper and a smoke chamber, wherein the burner, the kiln body and the smoke chamber are sequentially communicated, and the driving device is used for driving the kiln body to rotate.
Preferably, the combustor includes bunker, air-blower, fuel spray tube, combustion chamber, the biomass fuel that the bunker fell into the fuel spray tube is blown into the combustion chamber to the air-blower, be equipped with oxygenation device in the combustion chamber, oxygenation device includes oxygen pipeline, compressor, oxygen spray tube, the oxygen pipeline sends into the compressor with outside oxygen after the pressurization, through setting up in the oxygen spray tube blowout in the fuel spray tube.
Preferably, an electric control valve and a gas flowmeter are sequentially arranged on an outlet pipeline of the compressor, a gas detector is arranged in the smoke chamber and used for analyzing CO and O in kiln tail smoke 2 And (4) content.
Preferably, the outlet direction of the oxygen nozzle is crossed with the outlet direction of the fuel nozzle.
Preferably, the inlet duct of the blower passes from the smoking chamber.
Preferably, the inlet pipeline of the blower is provided with a heat exchange section in the smoke chamber, and the heat exchange section consists of a plurality of copper pipes forming a birdcage shape.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The biomass fuel provided by the invention uses the straw powder as a main raw material, and the waste lard is added as an auxiliary material, so that on one hand, the rich straw resources and waste lard resources in China are utilized, the treatment problem of the straw and the waste lard is solved, on the other hand, the biomass fuel particles prepared by the granulator are more compact by utilizing the high viscosity of the lard, the problems of large volume and low density when the straw is used as the fuel are solved, the water-proof effect is achieved by utilizing the poor water solubility of the lard, the moisture absorption of the straw powder in the biomass fuel can be effectively prevented, the moisture absorption expansion and mildew deterioration of the prepared biomass fuel particles are effectively prevented, the main component of the lard is fatty acid, the heat value is far higher than that of the straw, the energy density of the biomass fuel can be improved, the heat power of a cement kiln combustion chamber is improved, and the problems that the cement kiln has low temperature and the quality is influenced when the straw is used as the fuel are solved;
(2) The biomass fuel provided by the invention has the effect of promoting the combustion of the biomass fuel by adding the polyether surfactant, the feeding amount and the air intake amount required for maintaining 1200 ℃ in no-load operation are obviously reduced, and the CO emission amount and the oxygen content in the smoke are also obviously reduced;
(3) According to the biomass fuel provided by the invention, components such as chitosan and the like are added, so that the biomass fuel is effectively prevented from mildewing in the storage process, and the mass production and storage of the biomass fuel are facilitated;
(4) According to the biomass fuel energy supply cement kiln provided by the invention, the biomass fuel can be used for replacing pulverized coal for energy supply, the oxygen increasing device is additionally arranged, the biomass fuel can be ensured to be fully combusted, and the oxygen supply amount can be automatically adjusted through linkage of the oxygen increasing device and the gas detector, so that the CO emission amount and the oxygen content in the flue gas can reach the standards of environmental protection and energy saving;
(5) An oxygen spray pipe of the oxygenation device is arranged in the fuel spray pipe and is positioned between the air blower and an outlet of the fuel bin, so that on one hand, the mixing path of oxygen and air blown out by the air blower is prolonged as far as possible, the mixing of the oxygen and the air is promoted, the partial pressure of the oxygen in the air entering the combustion chamber is improved, and the combustion of the biomass fuel is promoted; on the other hand, the oxygen nozzle can be prevented from being impacted by the biomass fuel at a high speed, and the oxygen nozzle is prevented from being damaged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a biofuel-powered cement kiln.
FIG. 2 is a front view of a biomass fuel powered cement kiln.
FIG. 3 is a top view of a biomass fuel powered cement kiln.
Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion a in fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of fig. 1 at B.
Fig. 6 is an enlarged view of fig. 2 at C.
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a heat exchange section of a blower inlet duct.
FIG. 8 is a graph of the average values of CO and O2 contents in the kiln tail flue gas of examples 1 to 7.
The mark in the figure is: 1. a kiln body; 2. a drive device; 3. a burner; 4. a feeding hopper; 5. a smoking chamber; 6. an oxygenation device; 301. a fuel bunker; 302. a blower; 303. a fuel lance; 304. a combustion chamber; 601. an oxygen line; 602. a compressor; 603. an oxygen nozzle; 3021. a heat exchange section; 6021. an electrically controlled valve; 6022. a gas flow meter; 6023. a gas detector.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, it being understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for the purpose of explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.
Example 1
Preparing the biomass fuel:
taking corn straws, preparing micro powder with the diameter not more than 1mm by using a pulverizer, and then drying until the moisture content is not more than 0.5% to obtain the straw powder.
18000 kg of straw powder and 2000 kg of waste lard oil are taken, the waste lard oil is selected from waste lard oil with the saturated fatty acid content not lower than 42%, the saturated fatty acid content is too low, the waste lard oil is liquefied at room temperature, the quality of subsequent granulation is influenced, the straw powder is completely poured into a stirring kettle, the heating temperature of the stirring kettle is set to be 60 ℃, stirring and heating are started until the temperature in the stirring kettle reaches 60 ℃, the waste lard oil is heated to be liquefied, the waste lard oil is injected into the stirring kettle at the speed of 10L/s, stirring is continued for 30min after the injection of the waste lard oil is completed, the stirring kettle is closed, the straws mixed with the waste lard oil are poured into a granulator, granules with the diameter of 4mm are prepared, and the biomass fuel is prepared.
Example 2
Taking corn straws, preparing micro powder with the diameter not more than 1mm by using a pulverizer, and then drying until the moisture content is not more than 0.5 percent to obtain the straw powder.
19000 kg of straw powder and 1000 kg of waste lard with saturated fatty acid content not lower than 42% are taken, the straw powder is poured into a stirring kettle completely, the heating temperature of the stirring kettle is set to be 60 ℃, stirring and heating are started, the waste lard is heated to be liquefied after the temperature in the stirring kettle reaches 60 ℃, the waste lard is injected into the stirring kettle at the speed of 10L/s, the waste lard is continuously stirred for 30min after the injection is finished, the stirring kettle is closed, the straw powder mixed with the waste lard is poured into a granulator after being cooled to the room temperature, and particles with the diameter of 4mm are manufactured to obtain the biomass fuel.
Example 3
Taking corn straws, preparing micro powder with the diameter not more than 1mm by using a pulverizer, and then drying until the moisture content is not more than 0.5 percent to obtain the straw powder.
19600 kg of straw powder and 400 kg of waste lard with the saturated fatty acid content of not less than 42 percent are taken, the straw powder is completely poured into a stirring kettle, the heating temperature of the stirring kettle is set to be 60 ℃, stirring and heating are started until the temperature in the stirring kettle reaches 60 ℃, the waste lard is heated to be liquefied, the waste lard is injected into the stirring kettle at the speed of 10L/s, the waste lard is continuously stirred for 30min after the injection of the waste lard is completed, the stirring kettle is closed, the straw powder mixed with the waste lard is poured into a granulator after being cooled to the room temperature, and granules with the diameter of 2mm are prepared, so that the biomass fuel is prepared.
Example 4
Taking corn straws, preparing micro powder with the diameter not more than 0.5mm by using a pulverizer, and then drying until the moisture content is not more than 0.5% to obtain the straw powder.
Taking 18000 kg of straw powder, 1600 kg of waste lard with the saturated fatty acid content not lower than 42 percent and 400 kg of chitosan powder, firstly pouring the straw powder and the chitosan powder into a stirring kettle, setting the heating temperature of the stirring kettle to be 60 ℃, starting stirring and heating until the temperature in the stirring kettle reaches 60 ℃, heating the waste lard to be liquefied, injecting the waste lard into the stirring kettle at the speed of 10L/s, continuing stirring for 30min after the waste lard is injected, closing the stirring kettle, pouring the straws mixed with the waste lard into a granulator, and preparing into particles with the diameter of 2mm to obtain the biomass fuel.
Example 5
Taking corn straws, preparing micro powder with the diameter not more than 0.5mm by using a pulverizer, grinding the micro powder with the diameter not more than 0.1mm by using a grinding machine, and drying the micro powder until the moisture content is not more than 0.5% to obtain the straw powder.
Taking 18600 kg of straw powder, 1000 kg of waste lard with the saturated fatty acid content not lower than 42% and 400 kg of chitosan powder, firstly pouring the straw powder and the chitosan powder into a stirring kettle, setting the heating temperature of the stirring kettle to be 60 ℃, starting stirring and heating until the temperature in the stirring kettle reaches 60 ℃, heating the waste lard to be liquefied, injecting the waste lard into the stirring kettle at the speed of 10L/s, continuing stirring for 30min after the waste lard is injected, closing the stirring kettle, pouring the straws mixed with the waste lard into a granulator, and preparing into particles with the diameter of 1mm to obtain the biomass fuel.
Example 6
Taking corn straws, using a pulverizer to prepare micro powder with the diameter not more than 0.5mm, then using a grinder to grind the corn straws to the diameter not more than 0.1mm, and then drying the corn straws until the moisture content is not more than 0.5% to obtain the straw powder.
19000 kg of straw powder, 640 kg of waste lard with the saturated fatty acid content not lower than 42% and 360 kg of chitosan powder are taken, the straw powder and the chitosan powder are poured into a stirring kettle, the heating temperature of the stirring kettle is set to be 60 ℃, stirring and heating are started until the temperature in the stirring kettle reaches 60 ℃, the waste lard is heated to be liquefied, the waste lard is injected into the stirring kettle at the speed of 10L/s, stirring is continued for 30min after the waste lard is injected, the stirring kettle is closed, the straws mixed with the waste lard are poured into a granulator, and granules with the diameter of 0.5mm are prepared, so that the biomass fuel is prepared.
Example 7
Taking corn straws, using a pulverizer to prepare micro powder with the diameter not more than 0.5mm, then using a grinder to grind the corn straws to the diameter not more than 0.1mm, and then drying the corn straws until the moisture content is not more than 0.5% to obtain the straw powder.
19000 kg of straw powder, 640 kg of waste lard with saturated fatty acid content not lower than 42% and 360 kg of chitosan powder are taken, because part of purchased waste lard is emulsified, 2 kg of polyether demulsifier is added for demulsification and water diversion, the straw powder and the chitosan powder are all poured into a stirring kettle, the heating temperature of the stirring kettle is set to be 60 ℃, stirring and heating are started until the temperature in the stirring kettle reaches 60 ℃, the dewatered waste lard is heated to be liquefied and is injected into the stirring kettle at the speed of 10L/s, the stirring is continued for 30min after the filling of the waste lard is finished, the stirring kettle is closed, the straws mixed with the waste lard are poured into a granulator to be made into particles with the diameter of 0.5mm, and the biomass fuel is prepared.
Example 8
The biomass fuels prepared in examples 1 to 7 were measured for density, bulk density, and calorific value, respectively, as shown in the following table:
examples 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Density/(g/cm) 3 ) 1.26 1.18 1.13 1.25 1.22 1.17 1.17
Bulk density/(kg/m) 3 ) 669.8 627.3 648.8 717.7 726.4 696.6 698.4
Calorific value/(kcal/kg) 4515 4228 4049 4479 4371 4192 4203
Bulk density x calorific value/(kcal/m) 3 ) 3024×10 3 2652 ×10 3 2627 ×10 3 3214 ×10 3 3175 ×10 3 2920 ×10 3 2935×10 3
The test data showed the highest density for examples 1 and 4 relative to the other examples; the packing density of the embodiment 5 is maximum, and the space of a fuel bin is saved most; the calorific value of example 1 was the highest, while the calorific value of example 4 was closer to that of example 1; in conclusion, the biomass fuel prepared in the example 4 has the highest energy density reaching 3214 multiplied by 10 3 kcal/m 3 Next, in example 1, the calorific value of the biomass fuel obtained was in positive correlation with the amount of the waste lard added, which shows that the addition of the waste lard can increase the calorific value of the biomass fuel obtained.
Example 9
Because the existing cement kiln mainly uses coal powder as fuel, the coal powder has fine particles and is easy to mix with airflow blown out by a fan so as to realize full combustion, the prepared biomass fuel has larger particles and is denser, and the combustion process is longer than that of the coal powder, the cement kiln needs to be modified in a targeted manner.
As shown in fig. 1-7, this embodiment provides a biomass fuel energy supply cement kiln, adopt the external heating mode, this cement kiln includes kiln body 1, drive arrangement 2, combustor 3, feeding hopper 4, smoke chamber 5, combustor 3, kiln body 1, smoke chamber 5 communicates in proper order, drive arrangement 2 is used for driving kiln body 1 rotatory, kiln body 1 comprises 2 coaxial drums, the contained angle of its axis and horizontal plane is 5, wherein the inner tube is used for passing through cement raw material, the urceolus is used for passing through the tail gas of combustor 3 exhaust, pass through the inner tube, the tail gas that passes through between the urceolus heats the inner tube, combustor 3 is located the lower one end of kiln body 1, feeding hopper 4 is located the higher one end of kiln body 1, and communicate with the inner tube of kiln body 1, be used for throwing into cement raw material.
The combustor 3 comprises a fuel bin 301, an air blower 302, a fuel nozzle 303 and a combustion chamber 304, wherein the air blower 302 blows biomass fuel falling into the fuel nozzle 303 from the fuel bin 301 into the combustion chamber 304, the biomass fuel is ignited in the combustion chamber 304, an oxygen increasing device 6 is arranged in the combustion chamber 304 and used for increasing the oxygen content of the combustion chamber 304 to promote the combustion of the biomass fuel, the oxygen increasing device 6 comprises an oxygen pipeline 601, a compressor 602 and an oxygen nozzle 603, the outlet of the oxygen nozzle 603 is arranged in the fuel nozzle 303 and is positioned between the air blower 302 and the outlet of the fuel bin 301 to avoid the biomass fuel particles from impacting the oxygen nozzle 603, the axes of the oxygen nozzle 603 and the fuel nozzle 303 are overlapped, the outlet direction of the oxygen nozzle 603 is crossed with the outlet direction of the fuel nozzle 303, the included angle is 15-90 degrees, after external oxygen is sent into the compressor 602 by the oxygen pipeline 601 to be pressurized, the external oxygen is sprayed out through the oxygen nozzle 603 arranged in the fuel nozzle 303, and the oxygen is fully mixed with the biomass fuel particles sprayed out from the fuel nozzle 303.
An electric control valve 6021 and a gas flowmeter 6022 are sequentially arranged on an outlet pipeline of the compressor 602, a gas detector 6023 is arranged in the smoke chamber 5, and the gas detector 6023 is used for analyzing CO and O in the kiln tail smoke 2 And (4) content.
An inlet pipeline of the blower 302 passes through the smoke chamber 5, a heat exchange section 3021 is arranged in the smoke chamber 5 of the inlet pipeline of the blower 302, the heat exchange section 3021 is composed of a plurality of copper pipes forming a birdcage shape, and can be fully contacted with smoke in the smoke chamber 5, absorb part of heat in the smoke, and preheat air entering the combustion chamber 304; in addition, the bottom of the feeding hopper 4 is connected with the smoke chamber 5, and the cement raw meal in the feeding hopper 4 is preheated by using the smoke, so that the heat loss of the smoke is reduced.
Besides, the system also comprises a central console provided with a DCS control system, so that the system is convenient to monitor and adjust the operation parameters of the cement kiln, such as the fuel feeding amount, the raw material feeding amount, the air inlet amount of the blower 302, the oxygen supply amount of the oxygen increasing device 6 and the like, and automatically controls the oxygen supply amount through the linkage of the oxygen increasing device 6 and the gas detector 6023.
Equipment type selection:
a blower 302, which is a TR110 series magnetic suspension blower, with the flow rate of 40-100 m < 3 > and the pressure of 20-80 kPa;
the compressor 602 selects a GBS-P20 oxygen supercharger, the driving gas pressure is 3-8 bar, and the test pressure is 20MPa;
the electronic control valve 6021 is a YK43F high-pressure gas reducing valve;
gas flow meter 6022: FLQW series gas turbine flowmeterPressure rating of 4.0MPa, flow rate range of 200-4000m 3 /h；
Gas detector 6023: selecting a Niton-FXL type gas analyzer to mainly analyze CO and O in the flue gas 2 Analysis can be carried out, and NO can be detected 2 、SO 2 、SO 3 The content was analyzed.
Example 10
The device of example 9 was used to perform a combustion test of biomass fuel, the biomass fuel prepared in examples 1 to 7 was used to supply energy, the feeding hopper 4 was not used to feed, the feeding speed of the biomass fuel was adjusted by the metering device of the bunker 301, and the air intake of the blower 302 and the oxygen flow of the electric control valve 6021 were adjusted to heat the middle section temperature of the inner cylinder of the kiln body 1 to 1200 ℃ and maintain it for 24 hours, and under the condition of eliminating the endothermic interference of cement raw meal, the average values of the fuel feeding amount, the air intake, the oxygen intake and the temperature fluctuation range required to maintain the temperature after the temperature was raised to 1200 ℃ were counted as follows:
examples 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Fuel feeding amount/(kg/h) 460.0 485.9 491.4 444.2 441.2 455.5 422.3
Intake air volume/(m) 3 /h) 2309 2292 2226 2213 2148 2131 1963
Oxygen input amount/(m) 3 /h) 115 109 78 89 64 56 41
Temperature fluctuation/. Degree.C +18，-22 +26，-12 +14，-11 +13，-7 +15，-11 +12，-8 +9，-6
Through combustion tests, the biomass fuel energy-supply cement kiln of the embodiment 9 can stably increase the temperature to over 1200 ℃ to meet the temperature requirement of cement production when the biomass fuels of the embodiments 1 to 7 are used; in addition, when the temperature of the middle section of the inner barrel is maintained at 1200 ℃, the air inlet quantity and the oxygen inlet quantity required by the embodiment 1 are the highest, and the air inlet quantity and the oxygen inlet quantity required by the embodiment 7 are the lowest; the temperature fluctuation range after the temperature of the sample 7 reaches 1200 ℃ is minimum, and the temperature fluctuation range of the sample 1 and the sample 2 is maximum.
Analysis shows that the air inlet amount and the oxygen inlet amount required when the temperature of the middle section of the inner cylinder is maintained at 1200 ℃ are positively correlated with the lard content in the biomass fuel; the temperature fluctuation range after reaching 1200 ℃ is reduced along with the reduction of the particle diameter of the biomass fuel, and is in positive correlation.
The flue gas components discharged from the smoke chamber 5 are also analyzed on line in the combustion test process, and the emission amount of CO and O in the flue gas of the example 1-7 when the temperature is kept at 1200 ℃ are counted 2 Content, and averaged as shown in fig. 8.
As can be seen from FIG. 8, the discharge amount of CO in the flue gas of examples 1 to 7 tended to decrease, and the correlation with the particle diameter of the biomass fuel was large, and the discharge amount of CO in the flue gas of examples 1 and 2 exceeded 80mg/Nm 3 And therefore, the particle diameter of the biomass fuel is not more than 2mm.
Example 11
Compared with the example 6 and the example 7, on the premise that the proportion of the main components is not obviously changed, the fuel feeding amount, the air intake and the oxygen intake required by the example 7 are obviously reduced, which are respectively 7.88 percent and 26.8 percent lower than those of the example 6, and the temperature fluctuation is also reduced; in addition, the emission amount of CO and O in the flue gas of example 7 2 A significant reduction in the content also occurred; obviously, this is not due to incidental factors, so the following tests were designed for analysis:
taking corn straws, using a pulverizer to prepare micro powder with the diameter not more than 0.5mm, then using a grinder to grind the corn straws to the diameter not more than 0.1mm, and then drying the corn straws until the moisture content is not more than 0.5% to obtain the straw powder.
19000 kg of straw powder, 640 kg of waste lard with saturated fatty acid content not lower than 42% and 360 kg of chitosan powder are taken, the used waste lard does not contain water and is not emulsified, the straw powder and the chitosan powder are firstly poured into a stirring kettle, the heating temperature of the stirring kettle is set to be 60 ℃, stirring and heating are started until the temperature in the stirring kettle reaches 60 ℃, the waste lard is heated to be liquefied and is injected into the stirring kettle at the speed of 10L/s, 2 kg of polyether demulsifier is added after the filling of the waste lard is finished, the stirring is continued for 30min, the stirring kettle is closed, the straws mixed with the waste lard are poured into a granulator, and granules with the diameter of 0.5mm are prepared.
The biomass fuel was used, the combustion test was performed again in the same manner as in example 10, and the average values of the fuel feed rate, the intake air rate, the intake oxygen rate and the temperature fluctuation range required for maintaining the temperature after the temperature was increased to 1200 ℃ were counted to obtain average values of the fuel feed rate, the intake air rate and the intake oxygen rate of 415kg/h and 1944m, respectively 3 /h、38m 3 H, slightly lower than in example 7.
The molecular formula of the used polyether demulsifier is D (PO) x (EO) y (PO) zH, wherein D is polyethylene polyamine, PO is polyoxypropylene, EO is polyoxyethylene, and the molecular weight is 2000-4000.
Example 12
According to the results of example 11, a plurality of similar demulsifiers are selected to replace polyethylene polyamine polyether, a plurality of different biomass fuels A-C are prepared according to the mixture ratio of example 7, the combustion test is carried out again according to the method in example 10, and the average values of fuel feeding amount, air intake amount and oxygen intake amount and the temperature fluctuation range required for maintaining the temperature after the temperature is raised to 1200 ℃ are counted, and the following table is shown:
biomass fuel A B C
Demulsifier kind SP type AR type AE type
Molecular formula R (PO) x (EO) y (PO) zH, R is fatty alcohol AR (PO) x (EO) y H, AR is a resin D (PO) x (EO) yH, D being a polyethylene polyamine
Molecular weight 2000～4000 2000～4000 2000～4000
Fuel feeding amount/(kg/h) 417.0 425.9 411.4
Air intake/(m) 3 /h) 1943 2007 1916
Oxygen input amount/(m) 3 /h) 37 44 35
Temperature fluctuation/. Degree.C +8，-9 +11，-12 +7，-6
Emission amount of CO in flue gas/(mg/Nm) 3 ) 17 18 14
Oxygen content/% in flue gas 4.3 5.1 4.9
In comparison with the data of example 6, it is evident that other various types of polyether demulsifiers also have similar effects to the polyethylene polyamine polyethers.
Example 13
Selecting the addition amount of the polyether demulsifier:
according to the proportion of the straw powder, the waste lard oil and the chitosan in the embodiment 7, the biomass fuels with the polyether demulsifiers of 0.005%, 0.02%, 0.05% and 0.1% are respectively prepared by using the polyethylene polyamine polyether, the combustion test is carried out again according to the method in the embodiment 10, and the average values of the fuel feeding amount, the air intake amount and the oxygen intake amount and the temperature fluctuation range required for keeping the temperature after the temperature is raised to 1200 ℃ are counted, and the following table is shown:
content of polyether demulsifier 0.005% 0.02% 0.05% 0.1%
Fuel feed amount/(kg/h) 427.1 415.9 413.2 429.8
Air intake/(m) 3 /h) 2017 1922 1879 2087
Oxygen input amount/(m) 3 /h) 47 36 33 53
Temperature fluctuation/. Degree.C +10，-8 +7，-6 +6，-7 +9，-8
As shown in the table, the effect is poor when the addition amount of the polyether demulsifier is increased from 0.05% to 0.1%, and the effect is better when the addition amount is 0.02-0.05%.
Example 14
And (3) antiseptic treatment of the biomass fuel:
the straw powder and the waste lard all contain a large amount of organic matters, and mildew needs to be avoided during storage, the biomass fuels prepared in the embodiments 1-7 are stored in a warehouse with the humidity of 60% and the temperature of 25 +/-2 ℃ for 90 days, and sampling is carried out once every 10 days to observe whether mildew occurs and whether particles are crushed and softened, as shown in the following table:
examples 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Mildew granules Is that Is that Is that Whether or not Whether or not Whether or not Whether or not
Days without mildew 50 70 80 90 90 90 90
Particle size reduction Whether or not Whether or not Whether or not Whether or not Whether or not Whether or not Whether or not
The particles become soft Is that Is that Whether or not Whether or not Whether or not Whether or not Whether or not
As shown in the table above, the biomass fuels prepared in examples 4 to 7 have no mildew or softening condition, and the addition of chitosan can effectively prevent the biomass fuels from mildewing, deteriorating and softening.
Example 14
Selection of the addition amount of the mildew preventive:
according to the methods of the embodiments 4 to 7, biomass fuels with chitosan contents of 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.8% and 2% are respectively prepared by adjusting the using amount of the straw powder while keeping the content of the waste lard constant, and the storage test is performed according to the method of the embodiment 13, and the test results are as follows:
content of the mildew preventive 0.1% 0.3% 0.8% 2%
Mildew granules Is that Whether or not Whether or not Whether or not
Days without mildew 80 90 90 90
Particle size reduction Whether or not Whether or not Whether or not Whether or not
The particles become soft Whether or not Whether or not Whether or not Whether or not
As shown in the table, the addition amount of the chitosan is preferably 0.3% or more, so that the biomass fuel can be prevented from mildewing and deteriorating in a short time.
Selecting the type of the mildew preventive: tests show that except chitosan, mildew preventive agents such as cassia oil, thujoram oil and the like can play an equivalent mildew preventive effect, the mildew can be kept for 90 days when the addition amount is 0.3%, and the similar mildew preventive effect can be reasonably presumed when the chitosan, the cassia oil and the thujoram oil are mixed for use.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. The biomass fuel is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90-98% of corn straw powder, 3-10% of waste lard, 0.01-0.05% of polyether and 0.3-2% of mildew preventive, wherein the grain size of the corn straw powder is not more than 1mm, and the content of saturated fatty acid in the waste lard is not less than 42%;
the molecular formula of the polyether is R (PO) x (EO) y (PO) z Wherein R is selected from polyethylene polyamine, resin or fatty alcohol, x is not less than 1,y not less than 1,z not less than 0;
the mildew preventive is one or more of chitosan, cassia oil and thujoram oil;
the biomass fuel is prepared by the following steps: pouring the corn straw powder into a stirring kettle, starting stirring, then heating the waste lard to a liquefied state, pouring the waste lard into the stirring kettle, sequentially adding polyether and a mildew preventive into the stirring kettle, uniformly mixing, and preparing into particles with the diameter of 0.5-2 mm by using a granulator to obtain the corn straw powder.
2. The cement kiln powered by the biomass fuel as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that an external heating mode is adopted, and the cement kiln powered by the biomass fuel comprises a kiln body (1), a driving device (2), a burner (3), a feeding hopper (4) and a smoke chamber (5), wherein the burner (3), the kiln body (1) and the smoke chamber (5) are communicated in sequence, and the driving device (2) is used for driving the kiln body (1) to rotate;
the combustor (3) comprises a fuel bin (301), an air blower (302), a fuel spray pipe (303) and a combustion chamber (304), wherein the air blower (302) blows biomass fuel falling into the fuel spray pipe (303) from the fuel bin (301) into the combustion chamber (304), an oxygen increasing device (6) is arranged in the combustion chamber (304), the oxygen increasing device (6) comprises an oxygen pipeline (601), a compressor (602) and an oxygen spray pipe (603), external oxygen is sent into the compressor (602) by the oxygen pipeline (601) to be pressurized and then is sprayed out through the oxygen spray pipe (603) arranged in the fuel spray pipe (303), and an outlet of the oxygen spray pipe (603) is arranged in the fuel spray pipe (303) and is positioned between outlets of the air blower (302) and the fuel bin (301);
an outlet pipeline of the compressor (602) is sequentially provided with an electric control valve (6021) and a gas flow meter (6022), a gas detector (6023) is arranged in the smoke chamber (5), and the gas detector (6023) is used for analyzing CO and O in kiln tail smoke 2 Content (c);
the outlet direction of the oxygen spray pipe (603) is crossed with the outlet direction of the fuel spray pipe (303);
the inlet duct of the blower (302) passes from the smoking chamber (5);
an inlet pipeline of the air blower (302) is provided with a heat exchange section (3021) in the smoke chamber (5), and the heat exchange section (3021) is composed of a plurality of copper pipes forming a birdcage shape.
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CN203021460U (en) * 2012-12-13 2013-06-26 四川利森建材集团有限公司 Device for producing cement clinker by replacing part of fire coal with straw
CN104232204A (en) * 2014-08-30 2014-12-24 青岛锦绣水源商贸有限公司 Crop-straw biomass fuel
CN105733730A (en) * 2016-02-04 2016-07-06 黑龙江泰昇农业科技开发有限公司 Biomass micron carbonized power high-temperature combustion method
CN205351305U (en) * 2016-02-04 2016-06-29 黑龙江泰昇农业科技开发有限公司 Living beings powder spiral flame high temperature combustor
CN206832029U (en) * 2017-06-16 2018-01-02 长沙紫宸科技开发有限公司 The equipment that cement kiln head is burnt using biomass fuel catalysis

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