CN114151243A

CN114151243A - Super-atomized ammonia fuel injector

Info

Publication number: CN114151243A
Application number: CN202111374419.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 范立云; 魏云鹏; 张瀚文; 毛运涛; 吴岳霖; 许菁
Original assignee: Harbin Engineering University
Current assignee: Harbin Engineering University
Priority date: 2021-11-19
Filing date: 2021-11-19
Publication date: 2022-03-08
Anticipated expiration: 2041-11-19
Also published as: CN114151243B

Abstract

The invention aims to provide a super-atomized ammonia fuel injector, which comprises an injector body, a pressurization module, a pressure accumulation resonance current limiting module, a super-hysteresis electromagnetic control actuator and a phase-change controllable super-atomized nozzle module, wherein the injector body is provided with a one-way ammonia inlet, the pressurization module, the pressure accumulation resonance current limiting module and the super-hysteresis electromagnetic control actuator are positioned in the injector body and are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, and the phase-change controllable super-atomized nozzle module is positioned below the super-hysteresis electromagnetic control actuator. The invention adopts a double-valve control mode, realizes the circulation change of the liquid ammonia injection process, and ensures that the injection quantity and the injection timing are more accurate and flexible. The invention can adopt two control modes, one is in the form of liquid ammonia and liquid ammonia, and the other is in the form of diesel oil and liquid ammonia. In the supercharging mode, the injection pressure and the injection rate of fuel injection are influenced by the supercharging mode, and the control of injection among cycles can be realized.

Description

Super-atomized ammonia fuel injector

Technical Field

The invention relates to an ammonia fuel engine, in particular to an injector of the ammonia fuel engine.

Background

Approximately 54% of carbon monoxide, 28% of hydrocarbons and 41% of nitrogen oxide emissions pollution are from ships each year. The ship energy management without carbonization has great significance in improving ship emission and overseas trade and economic development. In the present day where the technology for removing carbon is not mature, it is a necessary approach to develop clean energy sources of no carbon or low carbon.

Ammonia fuel, as representative of carbon-free fuel, will become one of the non-carbonization solutions. As a good carrier of hydrogen, the fuel is easy to store and is not easy to cause explosion accidents, and as the fuel of an engine, the problem of difficult ignition can be solved by adopting a mixing ignition mode, so that the fuel becomes an important direction for the development of low-carbon fuel in the future. However, the physical properties of ammonia fuel are quite unstable, and ammonia gas is burnt as single fuel, so that the problems of high self-ignition temperature, low heat value, low flame propagation speed and the like of ammonia fuel greatly influence the application of ammonia fuel in an engine. The existing fuel injector is difficult to meet the requirements of ammonia fuel on variable physical properties and high-pressure direct injection. The special advantage of multiple injection precision control of the common rail injector cannot be realized, and the application of ammonia fuel is limited. The present invention, in this context, has designed a highly responsive high atomization level fuel injector for ammonia fuel injection.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a super-atomized ammonia fuel injector which provides an implementable path for low-carbon fuel such as ammonia.

The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:

the invention discloses a super-atomized ammonia fuel injector, which is characterized in that: the device comprises an oil sprayer body, a pressurization module, a pressure accumulation resonance current limiting module, a giant hysteresis electromagnetic control actuator and a phase change controllable giant atomization nozzle module, wherein a one-way ammonia inlet is formed in the oil sprayer body, the pressurization module, the pressure accumulation resonance current limiting module and the giant hysteresis electromagnetic control actuator are positioned in the oil sprayer body and are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, and the phase change controllable giant atomization nozzle module is positioned below the giant hysteresis electromagnetic control actuator.

The present invention may further comprise:

1. the pressurizing module comprises a magnet yoke, main and auxiliary magnetic poles, a pressurizing piston, an armature, a limiting block, a double-sealing valve rod, an upper valve rod seat and a lower valve rod seat, wherein the armature is sleeved at the top of the double-sealing valve rod, a reset spring is arranged between the magnet yoke and the armature, the main and auxiliary magnetic poles are arranged outside the reset spring, a coil is wound by the main and auxiliary magnetic poles, the middle part of the double-sealing valve rod is positioned in the upper valve rod seat, the bottom of the double-sealing valve rod is positioned in the lower valve rod seat, the middle part of the double-sealing valve rod is sleeved with the valve rod reset spring, a double-sealing bulge is arranged between the middle part and the bottom of the double-sealing valve rod, sealing surfaces are arranged on the surfaces of the upper valve rod seat and the lower valve rod seat corresponding to the double-sealing valve rod, the pressurizing piston is positioned below the lower valve rod seat, the pressurizing piston is sleeved with the pressurizing piston reset spring outside, a communicated ammonia return channel and a middle pipeline are arranged in the upper valve rod seat, an ammonia inlet channel is arranged in the lower valve rod seat, the space of the double-sealing bulge is a communicated space, the communicating space is communicated with the middle pipeline.

2. The pressure accumulation resonance current limiting module comprises a resonance block, a middle block, a prismatic sealing block, a current limiting piston and a valve seat, wherein a pressure accumulation cavity is arranged in an oil sprayer body below the pressurizing piston, a liquid cooling pipe inlet is formed in the oil sprayer body and communicated with the pressure accumulation cavity, the resonance block, the middle block, the prismatic sealing block and the valve seat are sequentially arranged below the pressure accumulation cavity, the current limiting piston is arranged in the valve seat, a middle block reset spring is arranged in the middle block, an oil inlet hole and an ammonia inlet orifice of the resonance block are respectively formed in the bottom of the middle block, the prismatic sealing block is positioned above the current limiting piston, a middle hole is formed in the current limiting piston, a current limiting piston reset spring is arranged below the current limiting piston, and a storage cavity is arranged below the current limiting piston reset spring.

3. Set up one respectively in the resonance block advance the ammonia way, advance the ammonia way No. two, advance the ammonia chamber No. one, advance the ammonia chamber No. two, go out the ammonia way No. one, go into the ammonia chamber No. one and communicate one respectively and advance the ammonia way and go out the ammonia way No. one, advance the ammonia chamber No. two and communicate two and advance the ammonia way and go out the ammonia way No. two respectively, advance the ammonia chamber and advance the ammonia chamber No. two and communicate with each other through the intercommunicating pore, advance the ammonia chamber No. one and advance the ammonia way through an ammonia orifice intercommunication, advance the ammonia chamber No. one and hold the pressure chamber through No. two ammonia orifices intercommunications.

4. The super hysteresis electromagnetic control executor includes major-minor magnetic pole, the hysteresis lag seat, go up the valve rod, lower extreme cone valve, mushroom valve, winding coil in the major-minor magnetic pole, set up super hysteresis lag material in the through-hole of major-minor magnetic pole, the below of super hysteresis lag material sets gradually the hysteresis lag seat, go up the valve rod, lower extreme cone valve, mushroom valve is located mushroom valve chamber, mushroom valve below sets up mushroom valve reset spring, set up into ammonia pipeline in the injector body at super hysteresis electromagnetic control executor place, the oil return circuit, the oil feed oil circuit, oil return circuit intercommunication mushroom valve chamber, set up cone valve inlet hole and cone valve inlet hole in the outside lower extreme cone valve casing of lower extreme cone valve, cone valve inlet hole intercommunication inlet pipeline, cone valve inlet hole intercommunication oil feed oil circuit.

5. The phase-change controllable super-atomizing nozzle module comprises a nozzle body, a valve seat, a non-static leakage cylinder, a needle valve body and a control valve rod, wherein the valve seat is positioned in the nozzle body, the non-static leakage cylinder and the needle valve body are positioned in the valve seat, the head of the needle valve body is positioned in the non-static leakage cylinder, a needle valve body reset spring is arranged between the middle part of the needle valve body and the non-static leakage cylinder, an ammonia storage cavity is formed between the non-static leakage cylinder and the needle valve body and the valve seat, a liquid cooling working medium inlet pipeline and a working medium liquid cooling outlet pipeline are formed between the valve seat and the nozzle body, an injection flow passage is formed between the bottom of the needle valve body and the bottom of the valve seat, the ammonia storage cavity is communicated with the storage cavity, a control cavity is formed between the top end of the needle valve body and an oil injector body above the needle valve body, and the control cavity is communicated with an oil inlet path.

6. When the non-pressurization mode is adopted for working, the pressurization module is not electrified, the ammonia fuel sealed in the ammonia inlet channel is stored in the pressure storage cavity after passing through the one-way ammonia inlet, the flow-limiting piston and the prismatic sealing block are integrally displaced downwards, when the ultra-hysteresis electromagnetic control actuator is electrified, the ultra-hysteresis material is stretched, the hysteresis seat presses the upper valve rod to move downwards, so that the pressure of a valve rod middle cavity formed by the upper valve rod and the lower end cone valve is increased, the lower end cone valve moves downwards under the action of the pressure, the mushroom valve overcomes the elastic force of a mushroom valve return spring to move downwards, the conical surface at the lower end of the lower end cone valve is sealed, an ammonia inlet pipeline is cut off, the conical surface at the upper part of the mushroom valve is sealed and opened, the fuel in the control cavity flows back into the oil tank through the low-pressure oil drainage hole, when the resultant force formed by the pressure in the control cavity and the elastic force of the needle valve body return spring is smaller than the upward hydraulic pressure in the ammonia storage cavity, the needle valve body is lifted upwards, the injection flow channel is opened, when the electromagnetic control actuator with the giant hysteresis is powered off, the giant magnetostrictive material is shortened, the upper valve rod is seated under the action of the spring force, the ammonia inlet pipeline is opened, when the resultant force formed by the pressure in the control cavity and the elastic force of the return spring of the needle valve body is greater than the upward hydraulic pressure in the ammonia storage cavity, the needle valve body is seated again, and the flow-limiting piston and the prismatic sealing block are integrally restored to the initial position.

7. When the booster type ammonia storage device works in a boosting mode, a boosting module is electrified, a main magnetic pole and an auxiliary magnetic pole form electromagnetic force to attract an armature to move upwards and drive a double-seal valve rod to move upwards to open an ammonia inlet channel and close an ammonia return channel, a boosting piston moves downwards, boosted liquid ammonia is supplied to a storage cavity, when a giant hysteresis electromagnetic control actuator is electrified, a giant hysteresis material extends, a hysteresis seat presses an upper valve rod to move downwards, a mushroom valve overcomes the elasticity of a mushroom valve return spring to move downwards, a conical surface at the lower end of a lower end cone valve is sealed at the moment to cut off an ammonia inlet pipeline, a conical surface at the upper part of the mushroom valve is sealed and opened at the same time, a control cavity is communicated with an oil return channel, fuel in the control cavity flows back into an oil tank through the oil return channel, and when the resultant force formed by the pressure in the control cavity and the elasticity of a needle valve body return spring is smaller than the upward hydraulic pressure in the ammonia storage cavity, a needle valve body is lifted upwards, the injection flow passage is opened, when the pressure accumulation resonance current limiting module is powered off, the giant hysteresis material is shortened, the upper valve rod is seated under the action of spring force, the control cavity regenerates pressure through the oil inlet oil passage, and when the resultant force formed by the pressure in the control cavity and the elastic force of the needle valve body reset spring is greater than the upward hydraulic pressure in the ammonia storage cavity, the needle valve body is seated again.

The invention has the advantages that:

1. the controllable pressure wave coupling process is realized by changing the phase of the pressure wave fluctuation, adjusting the fluctuation frequency and the corresponding relation of wave crests and wave troughs;

2. the super-magnetic electromagnetic control actuator and the super-atomizing nozzle module are matched and sprayed into the cylinder, so that the high-pressure liquid ammonia fuel is sprayed into the cylinder, and the full combustion is realized;

3. the injection process is combined with a thermal management design, and the phase change conversion of the ammonia fuel is controlled by adjusting from two aspects of pressure and temperature;

4. the circulation of the liquid ammonia injection process is variable by adopting a double-valve control mode, so that the injection amount and the injection timing are more accurate and flexible;

5. the resonance block is adopted to adjust the pressure fluctuation in the system, and the fluctuation frequency and the corresponding relation of wave crests and wave troughs are adjusted by changing the phase position of the fluctuation of the pressure wave, so that the controllability of the coupling process of the pressure wave is realized. Meanwhile, a flow limiter is designed to prevent abnormal injection.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a pressurizing module;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a pressure accumulation cavity thermal management module;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a resonator mass structure;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a giant magnetostrictive electromagnetic control actuator;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a phase change controllable super atomizing nozzle module;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional cross-sectional structure of a phase change controllable super atomizing nozzle module;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional overall structure of a phase-change controllable super-atomizing nozzle module.

Detailed Description

The invention will now be described in more detail by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

referring to fig. 1-8, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the super-atomization ammonia fuel injector, which comprises a one-way ammonia inlet 1, a pressurization module 2, an oil injector body 3, a pressure accumulation cavity heat management module 4, a pressure accumulation resonance current limiting module 5, an ammonia inlet pipeline 6, a super-electromagnetic control actuator 7, a nozzle heat management module 8 and a phase-change controllable super-atomization nozzle module 9. The ammonia fuel is injected into the cylinder in a high-pressure liquid state, and the sufficient combustion is realized. Meanwhile, the injection process is combined with a thermal management design, and the phase change conversion of the ammonia fuel is controlled by adjusting from two aspects of pressure and temperature. The liquid ammonia injection process is circularly variable by adopting a double-valve control mode, so that the injection amount and the injection timing are more accurate and flexible.

FIG. 2 is a detailed schematic diagram of an injector boosting module, the boosting module comprising: the device comprises a magnetic yoke 10, a return spring 11, a main magnetic pole, an auxiliary magnetic pole 12, a coil 13, an ammonia return passage 14, a booster piston upper surface 15, an intermediate cavity 16, a booster piston return spring 17, an armature 18, a limiting block 19, a valve rod return spring 20, a double-sealing valve rod 21, an ammonia inlet passage 22, an intermediate pipeline 23 and a booster piston lower surface. The module can adopt two control modes, one is in the form of liquid ammonia pressurized liquid ammonia, and the other is in the form of diesel pressurized liquid ammonia.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a voltage-accumulating resonant current-limiting module, which mainly includes: the device comprises a pressure accumulation cavity 25, a liquid cooling pipe inlet 26, a resonance block 27, a middle block 28, a return spring 29, an oil inlet hole 30, a prismatic sealing block 31, a flow limiting piston 32, an ammonia inlet channel 33, a storage cavity 34, a resonance block ammonia inlet circuit 35, a middle cavity 36, a resonance block ammonia inlet circuit throttling hole 37, a valve seat 38, a middle hole 39 and a return spring 40. The module guarantees the stability of ammonia fuel, adopts the resonance piece to adjust the pressure fluctuation in the system, and designs the flow limiter to prevent the abnormal injection.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the resonator block 27, which mainly includes: the first ammonia inlet passage 41, the first ammonia inlet orifice 42, the second ammonia inlet orifice 43, the first ammonia inlet chamber 44, the first ammonia outlet passage 45, the second ammonia inlet passage 46, the second ammonia inlet chamber 47, the communication hole 48, and the second ammonia outlet passage 49.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a giant magneto-electromagnetic control actuator, which mainly comprises: the magnetic valve comprises a main magnetic pole 50, an auxiliary magnetic pole 51, a hysteresis seat 52, an upper valve rod 53, a return spring 54, a valve rod middle cavity 55, a buffer cavity 56, an oil inlet and return hole 57, a return spring 58, a super hysteresis material 59, a limiting block 60, an oil inlet oil way 61, an oil return oil way 62, a lower end cone valve 63, a mushroom valve 64 and an oil return oil way 65;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a phase change controllable super-atomizing nozzle module, which mainly comprises: the ammonia injection device comprises an ammonia inlet pipeline 66, an ammonia storage cavity 67, a non-static leakage cylinder 68, a return spring 69, a gasket 70, a liquid cooling working medium inlet pipeline 71, a valve seat 72, a control cavity 73, a control valve rod upper end face 74, a liquid cooling working medium outlet pipeline 75, a needle valve body 76, a needle valve sealing surface 77, an injection flow channel 78 and a nozzle body 79.

Liquid ammonia fuel enters the pressure accumulation cavity 25 from the one-way ammonia inlet 1, and the one-way ammonia inlet 1 plays a role of a one-way valve. When the liquid ammonia supply pressure is larger than the spring pretightening force of the one-way valve, the cone valve is opened by overcoming the spring force, and the liquid ammonia is supplied into the pressure accumulation cavity. When the pressure of the one-way ammonia inlet 1 is small, the cone valve is closed again, and the sealing effect is also achieved for liquid ammonia in the system. After entering the pressure accumulation chamber 25, the fuel is supplied downward via the resonance block 27. As can be seen from fig. 4, the resonator mass 27 consists of three

lines

41, 43 and 46. The fuel flows into the flow restrictor from three pipelines respectively, the first ammonia inlet pipeline 41 is a main flow channel, the middle part of the flow passes through the first ammonia inlet throttling hole 42, the flow of liquid ammonia is filtered, and then the fuel flows into the first ammonia inlet cavity 44. The second ammonia inlet circuit 46 is a negative flow channel, no throttle hole is arranged in the middle, and the second ammonia inlet circuit and the second ammonia outlet circuit directly flow into the flow restrictor after passing through the second ammonia inlet cavity 47 and the second ammonia outlet circuit 49. The ammonia inlet orifice 43 and the communication hole 48 are the main structures for realizing resonance, and the controllable pressure wave coupling process is realized by changing the fluctuation phase of the pressure wave, adjusting the fluctuation frequency and the corresponding relation between the wave crest and the wave trough. Especially in the boost mode, the stability of the system is ensured. The restrictor valve assembly is arranged inside the injector body 3 via a pressure accumulation chamber 25. The intermediate piece 28 not only acts as a limit for the entire restrictor valve assembly, but also cooperates with the return spring 29, on the one hand as a spring seat for the return spring 29 and on the other hand limits the maximum displacement of the restrictor piston. Under the action of the spring pre-tightening force of the damping spring and the ball valve return spring, the lower end surfaces of the prismatic sealing block 31 and the flow limiting piston 32 are matched with the upper end surface of the supporting control valve seat 38. The valve seat 38 is pressed against the bottom by the spring force of the return spring, and the upper variable cross-section thereof forms a seating surface of the prismatic sealing block. Liquid ammonia flows into the middle cavity 36 from the resonance block and flows into the flow-limiting valve through the oil inlet 30 and the ammonia inlet orifice 37 of the resonance block respectively. Under the action of hydraulic pressure, the prismatic sealing block 31 moves downwards against the spring force along with the supply of liquid ammonia. When the fuel supply amount is higher than the limit value, the prismatic sealing block 31 is matched with the valve seat 38 to realize sealing, the fuel supply is cut off, and cylinder pulling is avoided. When the fuel supply is interrupted, the prismatic sealing block 31 is rapidly reset under the action of the spring force.

Through the flow restrictor, liquid ammonia is supplied into the ammonia storage cavity 67 through the ammonia inlet channel 33 and is sprayed into the cylinder through the cooperation of the giant magnetostrictive electromagnetic control actuator and the giant atomizing nozzle module. In the invention, in order to ensure the control accuracy of the fuel injector, diesel oil is adopted as servo oil, and the upper and lower stress of the needle valve is changed by adjusting the pressure level in the control cavity, so that the injection timing is controlled. High-pressure diesel oil flows into the electromagnetic actuator from the oil inlet path 61, and when the electromagnetic actuator is not electrified, the mushroom valve 64 is in a sealing state under the action of the pre-tightening force 54 and the pre-tightening force 58 of the spring, so that the pipeline of the electromagnetic actuator is disconnected from the oil return pipeline. The lower end cone valve 63 is in an open state, and diesel oil is supplied to the control chamber 73 through the flow passage of the lower end cone valve 63 by the oil inlet passage 61. Through the oil inlet and return hole 57 and the buffer cavity 56, the existence of the buffer cavity reduces the fuel pressure fluctuation at the control valve on one hand, and realizes the collection of leaked fuel through the pressure difference of a high-pressure contact surface structure on the other hand. The fuel oil flows downwards into the control cavity 73, is sealed by the static leakage-free cylinder 68 and the needle valve body 76, and the difference between the upper and lower bearing forces of the needle valve is changed by regulating and controlling the pressure in the control chamber, so that the accurate control of fuel injection is realized. The working principle of the specific injection process is as follows:

when the non-supercharging mode is adopted for working, the supercharging control valve part 5 is not electrified, and because the pressure of each action surface of the supercharging piston is balanced at the moment, the armature 18 and the double-sealing valve rod 21 under the action of the

pre-tightening forces

11 and 20 of the spring are in a pressing state, and the oil inlet path 22 is sealed. At the moment, no fuel is supplied to the pressurizing module, the pressurizing piston is in a reset state under the action of the pretightening force of the spring, and the pressurizing function is not realized. Therefore, the ammonia fuel in the system passes through the one-way ammonia inlet 1 and is stored in the pressure storage cavity 25, and flows into the flow limiting valve through the resonant cavity 27. Due to the throttling effect of the resonance block 27 on the liquid ammonia, the fuel pressure in the piston blind hole 39 in the flow limiting piston 32 and the pressure accumulation cavity 25 is increased, and pressure difference is formed between the fuel pressure and the pressure in the transition oil cavity, so that the flow limiting piston 32 and the prismatic sealing block 31 integrally displace downwards, and certain compensation is performed on the injection pressure. The liquid ammonia passed through the flow restriction valve is supplied to the ammonia storage chamber 67 through the pipe 33. When the giant magnetostrictive electromagnetic control actuator 7 is electrified, under the influence of a magnetic field, the giant magnetostrictive material 59 is extended, the hysteresis seat 52 presses the upper valve rod 53 to move downwards, so that the pressure of a valve rod middle cavity 55 formed by the upper valve rod 53 and the lower end cone valve 63 is increased, the lower end cone valve 63 moves downwards under the action of the pressure, and the mushroom valve 64 moves downwards against the elastic force of the return spring 58. At this time, the conical surface at the lower end of the lower end conical valve 63 is sealed to cut off the ammonia inlet pipe 61, the conical surface at the upper part of the mushroom valve 64 is sealed to be opened, the control chamber 73 is communicated with the low-pressure leakage hole 57, and the fuel in the control chamber 73 flows back to the oil tank through the low-pressure leakage hole 57. When the combined force of the pressure in the control chamber 73 and the spring force of the needle spring 69 is smaller than the upward hydraulic pressure in the ammonia storage chamber 67, the needle 56 is lifted upward, the nozzle holes 78 are opened, and the injector starts injecting ammonia. When the ammonia injection control valve part 7 is powered off, the magnetic field influence is lost, the giant magnetostrictive material 59 is shortened, the valve rod 53 is seated under the action of the spring force, the ammonia inlet pipeline 61 is opened while the low-pressure leakage hole 62 is closed, the control cavity 73 is pressurized again through the oil inlet and return hole 57, and when the resultant force formed by the pressure in the control cavity 73 and the elastic force of the needle valve spring 69 is larger than the upward hydraulic pressure in the ammonia storage cavity 67, the needle valve 76 is seated again, and the injector stops injecting. When the injector stops working, the pressure difference between the upper surface and the lower surface of the flow-limiting piston 32 is gradually reduced along with the flow of the liquid ammonia through the intermediate hole 39, and the flow-limiting piston 32 and the prismatic sealing block 31 are integrally restored to the initial position under the action of the return spring.

When the pressurization mode is adopted for work, the pressurization control valve part 5 is electrified, the coil 13 is electrified, the main magnetic pole and the auxiliary magnetic pole 12 form electromagnetic force, the armature 18 is attracted to move upwards, and meanwhile, the double-sealing valve rod 21 is driven to move upwards, the ammonia inlet channel 22 is opened, and the ammonia return channel 14 is closed. Liquid ammonia gathers on the upper surface 15 of the booster piston, the stress on the upper surface is increased, the up-down pressure difference overcomes the spring force, and the booster piston moves downwards. The volume of the lower pressure accumulation cavity is compressed, and the pressure is increased. The pressurizing module and the giant magnetostrictive actuator can adopt two control modes, one mode is a mode of pressurizing liquid ammonia by liquid ammonia, and the other mode is a mode of pressurizing liquid ammonia by diesel. In the pressurizing module, the intermediate chamber 16 can be used as a pressurized oil leakage collecting chamber, and meanwhile, the fuel oil can play a role in sealing the liquid ammonia. The pressurized liquid ammonia flows into the flow limiting valve through the resonant cavity 27. The liquid ammonia passed through the flow restriction valve is supplied to the ammonia storage chamber 67 through the pipe 33. When the giant magnetostrictive actuator 7 is energized, the giant magnetostrictive material 59 is stretched, the hysteresis seat 52 presses the upper valve rod 53 to move downwards, and the mushroom valve 64 moves downwards against the elastic force of the return spring 58. At this time, the conical surface at the lower end of the lower end conical valve 63 is sealed to cut off the ammonia inlet pipe 61, the conical surface at the upper part of the mushroom valve 64 is sealed to be opened, the control chamber 73 is communicated with the low-pressure leakage hole 57, and the fuel in the control chamber 73 flows back to the oil tank through the low-pressure leakage hole 57. When the combined force of the pressure in the control chamber 73 and the spring force of the needle spring 69 is smaller than the upward hydraulic pressure in the ammonia storage chamber 67, the needle 56 is lifted upward, the nozzle holes 78 are opened, and the injector starts injecting ammonia. In the supercharging mode, the injection pressure and the injection rate of fuel injection are influenced by the supercharging mode, and the control of injection among cycles can be realized. When the ammonia injection control valve part 7 is powered off, the magnetic field influence is lost, the giant magnetostrictive material 59 is shortened, the valve rod 53 is seated under the action of the spring force, the control cavity 73 is pressurized again through the oil inlet and return hole 57, and when the resultant force formed by the pressure in the control cavity 73 and the elastic force of the needle valve spring 69 is larger than the upward hydraulic pressure in the ammonia storage cavity 67, the needle valve 76 is seated again, and the injector stops injecting.

And a thermal management module is designed at the pressure accumulation resonance current limiting module 5 and the super-atomizing nozzle module 9, and comprises inlets 26 and 71 and

outlets

4 and 75 of the refrigerant. The liquid ammonia phase state is comprehensively controlled through two aspects of temperature and pressure, and the liquid ammonia phase state can be controlled in the injection process.

Fig. 7 and 8 show the designed super-atomizing nozzle, and the whole design adopts an inner cone structure to realize multilayer sealing. Meanwhile, nearly hundreds of spray holes spray, and the full atomization of the fuel is guaranteed from the structural angle. The fuel and the air are fully fused and completely combusted.

According to the invention, the controllable pressure wave coupling process is realized by changing the phase of the pressure wave fluctuation, adjusting the fluctuation frequency and the corresponding relation of the wave crest and the wave trough. The ammonia fuel is injected into the cylinder in a high-pressure liquid state, and the sufficient combustion is realized. Meanwhile, the injection process is combined with a thermal management design, and the phase change conversion of the ammonia fuel is controlled by adjusting from two aspects of pressure and temperature. The liquid ammonia injection process is circularly variable by adopting a double-valve control mode, so that the injection amount and the injection timing are more accurate and flexible. The invention can adopt two control modes, one is in the form of liquid ammonia and liquid ammonia, and the other is in the form of diesel oil and liquid ammonia. In the supercharging mode, the injection pressure and the injection rate of fuel injection are influenced by the supercharging mode, and the control of injection among cycles can be realized. The resonance block is adopted to adjust the pressure fluctuation in the system, and the fluctuation frequency and the corresponding relation of wave crests and wave troughs are adjusted by changing the phase position of the fluctuation of the pressure wave, so that the controllability of the coupling process of the pressure wave is realized. Meanwhile, a flow limiter is designed to prevent abnormal injection.

Claims

1. Super atomizing ammonia fuel injector, characterized by: the device comprises an oil sprayer body, a pressurization module, a pressure accumulation resonance current limiting module, a giant hysteresis electromagnetic control actuator and a phase change controllable giant atomization nozzle module, wherein a one-way ammonia inlet is formed in the oil sprayer body, the pressurization module, the pressure accumulation resonance current limiting module and the giant hysteresis electromagnetic control actuator are positioned in the oil sprayer body and are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, and the phase change controllable giant atomization nozzle module is positioned below the giant hysteresis electromagnetic control actuator.

2. The super atomized ammonia fuel injector of claim 1, wherein: the pressurizing module comprises a magnet yoke, main and auxiliary magnetic poles, a pressurizing piston, an armature, a limiting block, a double-sealing valve rod, an upper valve rod seat and a lower valve rod seat, wherein the armature is sleeved at the top of the double-sealing valve rod, a reset spring is arranged between the magnet yoke and the armature, the main and auxiliary magnetic poles are arranged outside the reset spring, a coil is wound by the main and auxiliary magnetic poles, the middle part of the double-sealing valve rod is positioned in the upper valve rod seat, the bottom of the double-sealing valve rod is positioned in the lower valve rod seat, the middle part of the double-sealing valve rod is sleeved with the valve rod reset spring, a double-sealing bulge is arranged between the middle part and the bottom of the double-sealing valve rod, sealing surfaces are arranged on the surfaces of the upper valve rod seat and the lower valve rod seat corresponding to the double-sealing valve rod, the pressurizing piston is positioned below the lower valve rod seat, the pressurizing piston is sleeved with the pressurizing piston reset spring outside, a communicated ammonia return channel and a middle pipeline are arranged in the upper valve rod seat, an ammonia inlet channel is arranged in the lower valve rod seat, the space of the double-sealing bulge is a communicated space, the communicating space is communicated with the middle pipeline.

3. The super atomized ammonia fuel injector of claim 1, wherein: the pressure accumulation resonance current limiting module comprises a resonance block, a middle block, a prismatic sealing block, a current limiting piston and a valve seat, wherein a pressure accumulation cavity is arranged in an oil sprayer body below the pressurizing piston, a liquid cooling pipe inlet is formed in the oil sprayer body and communicated with the pressure accumulation cavity, the resonance block, the middle block, the prismatic sealing block and the valve seat are sequentially arranged below the pressure accumulation cavity, the current limiting piston is arranged in the valve seat, a middle block reset spring is arranged in the middle block, an oil inlet hole and an ammonia inlet orifice of the resonance block are respectively formed in the bottom of the middle block, the prismatic sealing block is positioned above the current limiting piston, a middle hole is formed in the current limiting piston, a current limiting piston reset spring is arranged below the current limiting piston, and a storage cavity is arranged below the current limiting piston reset spring.

4. The super atomized ammonia fuel injector of claim 3, wherein: set up one respectively in the resonance block advance the ammonia way, advance the ammonia way No. two, advance the ammonia chamber No. one, advance the ammonia chamber No. two, go out the ammonia way No. one, go into the ammonia chamber No. one and communicate one respectively and advance the ammonia way and go out the ammonia way No. one, advance the ammonia chamber No. two and communicate two and advance the ammonia way and go out the ammonia way No. two respectively, advance the ammonia chamber and advance the ammonia chamber No. two and communicate with each other through the intercommunicating pore, advance the ammonia chamber No. one and advance the ammonia way through an ammonia orifice intercommunication, advance the ammonia chamber No. one and hold the pressure chamber through No. two ammonia orifices intercommunications.

5. The super atomized ammonia fuel injector of claim 1, wherein: the super hysteresis electromagnetic control executor includes major-minor magnetic pole, the hysteresis lag seat, go up the valve rod, lower extreme cone valve, mushroom valve, winding coil in the major-minor magnetic pole, set up super hysteresis lag material in the through-hole of major-minor magnetic pole, the below of super hysteresis lag material sets gradually the hysteresis lag seat, go up the valve rod, lower extreme cone valve, mushroom valve is located mushroom valve chamber, mushroom valve below sets up mushroom valve reset spring, set up into ammonia pipeline in the injector body at super hysteresis electromagnetic control executor place, the oil return circuit, the oil feed oil circuit, oil return circuit intercommunication mushroom valve chamber, set up cone valve inlet hole and cone valve inlet hole in the outside lower extreme cone valve casing of lower extreme cone valve, cone valve inlet hole intercommunication inlet pipeline, cone valve inlet hole intercommunication oil feed oil circuit.

6. The super atomized ammonia fuel injector of claim 1, wherein: the phase-change controllable super-atomizing nozzle module comprises a nozzle body, a valve seat, a non-static leakage cylinder, a needle valve body and a control valve rod, wherein the valve seat is positioned in the nozzle body, the non-static leakage cylinder and the needle valve body are positioned in the valve seat, the head of the needle valve body is positioned in the non-static leakage cylinder, a needle valve body reset spring is arranged between the middle part of the needle valve body and the non-static leakage cylinder, an ammonia storage cavity is formed between the non-static leakage cylinder and the needle valve body and the valve seat, a liquid cooling working medium inlet pipeline and a working medium liquid cooling outlet pipeline are formed between the valve seat and the nozzle body, an injection flow passage is formed between the bottom of the needle valve body and the bottom of the valve seat, the ammonia storage cavity is communicated with the storage cavity, a control cavity is formed between the top end of the needle valve body and an oil injector body above the needle valve body, and the control cavity is communicated with an oil inlet path.

7. The super atomized ammonia fuel injector of claims 1-6, wherein: when the non-pressurization mode is adopted for working, the pressurization module is not electrified, the ammonia fuel sealed in the ammonia inlet channel is stored in the pressure storage cavity after passing through the one-way ammonia inlet, the flow-limiting piston and the prismatic sealing block are integrally displaced downwards, when the ultra-hysteresis electromagnetic control actuator is electrified, the ultra-hysteresis material extends, the hysteresis seat presses the upper valve rod to move downwards, so that the pressure of a valve rod middle cavity formed by the upper valve rod and the lower end cone valve is increased, the lower end cone valve moves downwards under the action of the pressure, the mushroom valve overcomes the elastic force of a mushroom valve return spring to move downwards, the conical surface at the lower end of the lower end cone valve is sealed, an ammonia inlet pipeline is cut off, the conical surface at the upper part of the mushroom valve is sealed and opened, the fuel in the control cavity flows back into the oil tank through the low-pressure oil drainage hole, when the resultant force formed by the pressure in the control cavity and the elastic force of the needle valve body return spring is smaller than the upward hydraulic pressure in the ammonia storage cavity, the needle valve body is lifted upwards, when the power of the giant hysteresis electromagnetic control actuator is cut off, the giant hysteresis material is shortened, the upper valve rod is seated under the action of the spring force, the ammonia inlet pipeline is opened, and when the resultant force formed by the pressure in the control cavity and the elastic force of the needle valve body return spring is greater than the upward hydraulic pressure in the ammonia storage cavity, the needle valve body is seated again, and the flow limiting piston and the prismatic sealing block are integrally restored to the initial position.

8. The super atomized ammonia fuel injector of claims 1-6, wherein: when the booster type ammonia storage device works in a boosting mode, a boosting module is electrified, a main magnetic pole and an auxiliary magnetic pole form electromagnetic force to attract an armature to move upwards and drive a double-seal valve rod to move upwards to open an ammonia inlet channel and close an ammonia return channel, a boosting piston moves downwards, boosted liquid ammonia is supplied to a storage cavity, when a giant hysteresis electromagnetic control actuator is electrified, a giant hysteresis material extends, a hysteresis seat presses an upper valve rod to move downwards, a mushroom valve overcomes the elasticity of a mushroom valve return spring to move downwards, a conical surface at the lower end of a lower end cone valve is sealed at the moment to cut off an ammonia inlet pipeline, a conical surface at the upper part of the mushroom valve is sealed and opened at the same time, a control cavity is communicated with an oil return channel, fuel in the control cavity flows back into an oil tank through the oil return channel, and when the resultant force formed by the pressure in the control cavity and the elasticity of a needle valve body return spring is smaller than the upward hydraulic pressure in the ammonia storage cavity, a needle valve body is lifted upwards, the injection flow passage is opened, when the pressure accumulation resonance current limiting module is powered off, the giant hysteresis material is shortened, the upper valve rod is seated under the action of spring force, the control cavity regenerates pressure through the oil inlet oil passage, and when the resultant force formed by the pressure in the control cavity and the elastic force of the needle valve body reset spring is greater than the upward hydraulic pressure in the ammonia storage cavity, the needle valve body is seated again.