CN114150122A - Processing method for improving gear ring for automobile drive axle - Google Patents

Processing method for improving gear ring for automobile drive axle Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114150122A
CN114150122A CN202111476214.2A CN202111476214A CN114150122A CN 114150122 A CN114150122 A CN 114150122A CN 202111476214 A CN202111476214 A CN 202111476214A CN 114150122 A CN114150122 A CN 114150122A
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China
Prior art keywords
gear ring
treatment
cleaning
drive axle
processing method
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202111476214.2A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
刘峰材
谢尚斌
范光华
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Xiamen Qinghua Intelligent Transmission Co ltd
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Xiamen Qinghua Intelligent Transmission Co ltd
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Priority to CN202111476214.2A priority Critical patent/CN114150122A/en
Publication of CN114150122A publication Critical patent/CN114150122A/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/04Hardening by cooling below 0 degrees Celsius
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D10/00Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation
    • C21D10/005Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation by laser shock processing
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/32Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for gear wheels, worm wheels, or the like
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23GCLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
    • C23G1/00Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
    • C23G1/02Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
    • C23G1/08Iron or steel
    • C23G1/088Iron or steel solutions containing organic acids

Abstract

The invention discloses a processing method for improving a gear ring for an automobile drive axle, which relates to the technical field of gear ring processing and comprises the following steps: s1, cleaning; s2, carrying out cryogenic treatment; s3, laser shock waves; s4, quenching; and S5, tempering. The application provides a processing method for improving a gear ring for an automobile drive axle, the one-time cross inspection qualification rate reaches more than 75%, the damage risk is reduced, the in-process product warehouse is reduced, the production takt is accelerated, and the delivery period is shortened.

Description

Processing method for improving gear ring for automobile drive axle
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of gear ring processing, in particular to a processing method for improving a gear ring for an automobile drive axle.
Background
In the heat treatment process, the deformation of the gear ring part after treatment is extremely difficult to control due to the special structure of the gear ring part. In view of the accumulated experience in the past, the improvement of the quenching quality of the first gear/reverse gear ring gear is now being carried out.
The one-time cross inspection qualification rate of the quenching process of the first gear/reverse gear ring is less than 25%, and due to large deformation, breakage is often generated in the circle correcting process, so that unnecessary loss is caused. The one-time inspection qualified rate is low, stock preparation is influenced, and meanwhile, the assembly quality is also influenced.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop and research a processing method of a ring gear for an automobile drive axle, which improves the primary inspection yield, reduces the damage risk, and reduces the product inventory.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a processing method for improving a gear ring for an automobile drive axle, which has the advantages of improving the one-time cross inspection qualification rate, reducing the damage risk and reducing the inventory of products in process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a processing method for improving a gear ring for an automobile drive axle comprises the following steps:
s1, cleaning:
immersing a drive axle to be processed into cleaning fluid by using a gear ring, stirring and cleaning, cleaning and washing by using clear water, and drying under a vacuum condition;
s2, cryogenic treatment:
performing ultrasonic treatment on the liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen tank, and then placing the gear ring cleaned in the step S1 in the liquid nitrogen for cryogenic treatment;
s3, laser shock wave:
carrying out laser shock wave treatment on the gear ring subjected to deep cooling treatment in the step S2 by using a YAG strong laser test device, and taking out for later use after the laser shock wave treatment is finished;
s4, quenching treatment:
quenching the gear ring subjected to the laser shock wave treatment in the step S3, cooling, and then putting into clean water for cleaning;
s5, tempering:
the ring gear quenched in step S4 may be tempered.
More preferably, the cleaning solution in step S1 includes the following components in percentage by weight: 1-2% of alkyl phosphate, 0.4-0.8% of amide phosphate, 0.4-0.5% of sodium nitrite, 2-3% of sodium silicate, 0.4-0.8% of fulvic acid and the balance of water.
More preferably, the stirring speed is controlled to 90 to 120rpm at the time of the stirring and washing in step S1.
More preferably, the vacuum degree during vacuum drying in step S1 is 1.6 to 2 kPa.
By adopting the technical scheme, the gear ring for the drive axle to be processed is stirred and cleaned, the cleaning efficiency is improved, the interference of stains on subsequent processing is prevented, and the gear ring is dried under a vacuum condition, so that the drying efficiency is improved on one hand, and the surface performance of the gear ring is protected from being damaged on the other hand.
More preferably, the time of the cryogenic treatment in the step S2 is 2 to 3 hours.
By adopting the technical scheme, the deep cooling treatment is carried out under the auxiliary action of ultrasonic waves, the supersaturation degree of supersaturated martensite is reduced, ultrafine carbide is separated out, dislocation motion can be blocked when the material is subjected to plastic deformation, meanwhile, the ultrafine carbide is uniformly distributed on a martensite matrix, the crystal boundary catalysis effect is weakened, the crystal boundary strengthening effect is exerted, and the damage of defects to the local performance of the workpiece can be greatly reduced due to the fact that micropores or stress concentration parts generate plastic rheology in the cooling process and compressive stress can be generated on the surfaces of the pores in the heating process, so that the possibility of deformation and cracking of the gear ring workpiece is effectively reduced.
More preferably, water is used as the constraining layer in the laser shock wave treatment described in step S3.
More preferably, the process parameters of the laser shock wave treatment in step S3 are: the energy is 10-12J, the wavelength is 1064nm, and the pulse is 20-30 ns.
More preferably, the tempering temperature in step S5 is 560 to 570 ℃.
By adopting the technical scheme, the high-energy short pulse laser beam penetrates through the transparent constraint layer to irradiate the energy absorption layer coated on the surface of the gear ring plate, the energy absorption layer absorbs the laser energy, the temperature rises and is gasified, the gasified vapor absorbs the laser energy to form plasma, the plasma continuously absorbs the energy to explode to form momentum pulses, strong shock waves transmitted to the interior of the gear ring are generated under the action of the constraint layer, the acting force generated by laser shock is used as the deformation force for plastic forming of the plate, so that the macroscopic plastic deformation of the gear ring plate is realized, and in the laser shock process, the peak value stress of the shock waves generated by laser induction is greater than the dynamic yield stress of the material, so that the plate generates a dense, uniform and stable dislocation structure, the surface of the gear ring is further subjected to plastic deformation, and deeper residual compressive stress is formed, so that the strength of the gear ring part is improved, Wear resistance, corrosion resistance and fatigue life.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the application provides a processing method for improving a gear ring for an automobile drive axle, the one-time cross inspection qualification rate reaches more than 75%, the damage risk is reduced, the in-process product warehouse is reduced, the production takt is accelerated, and the delivery period is shortened.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
Example 1:
a processing method for improving a gear ring for an automobile drive axle comprises the following steps:
s1, cleaning:
immersing a gear ring for a drive axle to be treated into cleaning liquid for stirring and cleaning, wherein the stirring speed is 90rpm, cleaning and washing the gear ring by using clear water, and drying the gear ring under a vacuum condition, wherein the vacuum degree is 1.6kPa, and the cleaning liquid comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1% of alkyl phosphate, 0.4% of amide phosphate, 0.4% of sodium nitrite, 2% of sodium silicate, 0.4% of fulvic acid and the balance of water;
s2, cryogenic treatment:
performing ultrasonic treatment on liquid nitrogen in a liquid nitrogen tank, and then placing the gear ring cleaned in the step S1 in the liquid nitrogen for cryogenic treatment for 2 h;
s3, laser shock wave:
and (3) carrying out laser shock wave treatment on the gear ring subjected to deep cooling treatment in the step S2 by using a YAG strong laser test device, wherein water is used as a constraint layer during the laser shock wave treatment, and the process parameters of the laser shock wave treatment are as follows: the energy is 10J, the wavelength is 1064nm, the pulse is 20ns, and the material is taken out for later use after the completion;
s4, quenching treatment:
quenching the gear ring subjected to the laser shock wave treatment in the step S3, cooling, and then putting into clean water for cleaning;
s5, tempering:
tempering the gear ring quenched in step S4 at a tempering temperature of 560 ℃.
Example 2:
a processing method for improving a gear ring for an automobile drive axle comprises the following steps:
s1, cleaning:
immersing a gear ring for a drive axle to be processed into cleaning liquid for stirring and cleaning, wherein the stirring speed is 105rpm, cleaning and washing the gear ring by using clean water, and then drying the gear ring under the vacuum condition, wherein the vacuum degree is 1.8kPa, and the cleaning liquid comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1.5% of alkyl phosphate, 0.6% of amide phosphate, 0.45% of sodium nitrite, 2.5% of sodium silicate, 0.6% of fulvic acid and the balance of water;
s2, cryogenic treatment:
performing ultrasonic treatment on liquid nitrogen in a liquid nitrogen tank, and then placing the gear ring cleaned in the step S1 in the liquid nitrogen for cryogenic treatment for 2.5 h;
s3, laser shock wave:
and (3) carrying out laser shock wave treatment on the gear ring subjected to deep cooling treatment in the step S2 by using a YAG strong laser test device, wherein water is used as a constraint layer during the laser shock wave treatment, and the process parameters of the laser shock wave treatment are as follows: the energy is 11J, the wavelength is 1064nm, the pulse is 25ns, and the material is taken out for later use after the completion;
s4, quenching treatment:
quenching the gear ring subjected to the laser shock wave treatment in the step S3, cooling, and then putting into clean water for cleaning;
s5, tempering:
tempering the gear ring quenched in step S4 at 565 ℃.
Example 3:
a processing method for improving a gear ring for an automobile drive axle comprises the following steps:
s1, cleaning:
immersing a gear ring for a drive axle to be treated into cleaning liquid for stirring and cleaning, wherein the stirring speed is 120rpm, cleaning and washing the gear ring by using clear water, and drying the gear ring under a vacuum condition, wherein the vacuum degree is 2kPa, and the cleaning liquid comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 2% of alkyl phosphate, 0.8% of amide phosphate, 0.5% of sodium nitrite, 3% of sodium silicate, 0.8% of fulvic acid and the balance of water;
s2, cryogenic treatment:
performing ultrasonic treatment on liquid nitrogen in a liquid nitrogen tank, and then placing the gear ring cleaned in the step S1 in the liquid nitrogen for cryogenic treatment for 3 h;
s3, laser shock wave:
and (3) carrying out laser shock wave treatment on the gear ring subjected to deep cooling treatment in the step S2 by using a YAG strong laser test device, wherein water is used as a constraint layer during the laser shock wave treatment, and the process parameters of the laser shock wave treatment are as follows: the energy is 12J, the wavelength is 1064nm, the pulse is 30ns, and the material is taken out for later use after the completion;
s4, quenching treatment:
quenching the gear ring subjected to the laser shock wave treatment in the step S3, cooling, and then putting into clean water for cleaning;
s5, tempering:
the ring gear quenched in step S4 may be tempered at a temperature of 570 ℃.
Comparative example 1:
a processing method for improving a gear ring for an automobile drive axle comprises the following steps:
s1, cleaning:
immersing a gear ring for a drive axle to be processed into cleaning liquid for stirring and cleaning, wherein the stirring speed is 105rpm, cleaning and washing the gear ring by using clean water, and then drying the gear ring under the vacuum condition, wherein the vacuum degree is 1.8kPa, and the cleaning liquid comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1.5% of alkyl phosphate, 0.6% of amide phosphate, 0.45% of sodium nitrite, 2.5% of sodium silicate, 0.6% of fulvic acid and the balance of water;
s2, cryogenic treatment:
placing the gear ring cleaned in the step S1 in liquid nitrogen, and carrying out cryogenic treatment for 2.5 h;
s3, laser shock wave:
and (3) carrying out laser shock wave treatment on the gear ring subjected to deep cooling treatment in the step S2 by using a YAG strong laser test device, wherein water is used as a constraint layer during the laser shock wave treatment, and the process parameters of the laser shock wave treatment are as follows: the energy is 11J, the wavelength is 1064nm, the pulse is 25ns, and the material is taken out for later use after the completion;
s4, quenching treatment:
quenching the gear ring subjected to the laser shock wave treatment in the step S3, cooling, and then putting into clean water for cleaning;
s5, tempering:
tempering the gear ring quenched in step S4 at 565 ℃.
Comparative example 2:
a processing method for improving a gear ring for an automobile drive axle comprises the following steps:
s1, cleaning:
immersing a gear ring for a drive axle to be processed into cleaning liquid for stirring and cleaning, wherein the stirring speed is 105rpm, cleaning and washing the gear ring by using clean water, and then drying the gear ring under the vacuum condition, wherein the vacuum degree is 1.8kPa, and the cleaning liquid comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1.5% of alkyl phosphate, 0.6% of amide phosphate, 0.45% of sodium nitrite, 2.5% of sodium silicate, 0.6% of fulvic acid and the balance of water;
s2, laser shock wave:
and (2) carrying out laser shock wave treatment on the gear ring cleaned and dried in the step S1 by using a YAG strong laser test device, wherein water is used as a constraint layer during the laser shock wave treatment, and the process parameters of the laser shock wave treatment are as follows: the energy is 11J, the wavelength is 1064nm, the pulse is 25ns, and the material is taken out for later use after the completion;
s3, quenching treatment:
quenching the gear ring subjected to the laser shock wave treatment in the step S2, cooling, and then putting into clean water for cleaning;
s4, tempering:
tempering the gear ring quenched in step S3 at 565 ℃.
Comparative example 3:
a processing method for improving a gear ring for an automobile drive axle comprises the following steps:
s1, cleaning:
immersing a gear ring for a drive axle to be processed into cleaning liquid for stirring and cleaning, wherein the stirring speed is 105rpm, cleaning and washing the gear ring by using clean water, and then drying the gear ring under the vacuum condition, wherein the vacuum degree is 1.8kPa, and the cleaning liquid comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1.5% of alkyl phosphate, 0.6% of amide phosphate, 0.45% of sodium nitrite, 2.5% of sodium silicate, 0.6% of fulvic acid and the balance of water;
s2, cryogenic treatment:
performing ultrasonic treatment on liquid nitrogen in a liquid nitrogen tank, and then placing the gear ring cleaned in the step S1 in the liquid nitrogen for cryogenic treatment for 2.5 h;
s3, quenching treatment:
quenching the gear ring subjected to the deep cooling treatment in the step S2, cooling and then putting into clean water for cleaning;
s4, tempering:
tempering the gear ring quenched in step S3 at 565 ℃.
Comparative example 4:
the application numbers are: CN201811650849.8 discloses a heat treatment method for controlling heat treatment deformation of an inner gear ring.
Test samples and methods:
selecting 350 first-gear rings and reverse gear rings for the same batch of automobile drive axles with the same specification and model, randomly dividing the selected gear rings into 7 groups with equal mass and quantity, wherein each group comprises 50 first-gear rings and 50 reverse gear rings, then adopting the gear rings processed by the methods in the embodiments 1-3 as test samples, adopting the gear rings processed by the methods in the comparative examples 1-4 as comparison samples, and counting the primary cross inspection qualified rate (%). The specific experimental comparative data are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1
Figure RE-GDA0003426171280000061
Figure RE-GDA0003426171280000071
From the above table 1, it can be seen that the gear rings processed by the processing method of the present application have a one-time inspection yield, the first gear ring is as high as 76%, and the reverse gear ring is as high as 74%, so that the delivery cycle can be significantly shortened.

Claims (8)

1. A processing method for improving a gear ring for an automobile drive axle is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, cleaning:
immersing a drive axle to be processed into cleaning fluid by using a gear ring, stirring and cleaning, cleaning and washing by using clear water, and drying under a vacuum condition;
s2, cryogenic treatment:
performing ultrasonic treatment on the liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen tank, and then placing the gear ring cleaned in the step S1 in the liquid nitrogen for cryogenic treatment;
s3, laser shock wave:
carrying out laser shock wave treatment on the gear ring subjected to deep cooling treatment in the step S2 by using a YAG strong laser test device, and taking out for later use after the laser shock wave treatment is finished;
s4, quenching treatment:
quenching the gear ring subjected to the laser shock wave treatment in the step S3, cooling, and then putting into clean water for cleaning;
s5, tempering:
the ring gear quenched in step S4 may be tempered.
2. The processing method for improving the ring gear of the automobile drive axle according to claim 1, wherein the cleaning solution in the step S1 comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1-2% of alkyl phosphate, 0.4-0.8% of amide phosphate, 0.4-0.5% of sodium nitrite, 2-3% of sodium silicate, 0.4-0.8% of fulvic acid and the balance of water.
3. The processing method for improving the ring gear for the automobile driving axle according to claim 1, wherein the stirring speed is controlled to be 90-120 rpm during the stirring and cleaning in the step S1.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vacuum degree during vacuum drying in step S1 is 1.6 to 2 kPa.
5. The processing method for improving the ring gear of the automobile drive axle according to the claim 1, wherein the time of the cryogenic treatment in the step S2 is 2-3 h.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S3 is performed by using water as a constraining layer.
7. The processing method for improving the gear ring for the automobile drive axle according to claim 1, wherein the process parameters of the laser shock wave processing in the step S3 are as follows: the energy is 10-12J, the wavelength is 1064nm, and the pulse is 20-30 ns.
8. The processing method for improving the ring gear of the automobile drive axle according to claim 1, wherein the tempering temperature in the step S5 is 560-570 ℃.
CN202111476214.2A 2021-12-06 2021-12-06 Processing method for improving gear ring for automobile drive axle Pending CN114150122A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4204982A1 (en) * 1992-02-19 1993-08-26 Hoechstadter Maschinenfabrik S Thermochemical-thermal treatment of case hardening steels - with deep cooling between hardening and tempering
CN102409151A (en) * 2011-11-29 2012-04-11 中国重汽集团济南动力有限公司 Automobile drive axle ring gear heat treatment process
CN105624390A (en) * 2016-03-25 2016-06-01 洛阳汇工轴承科技有限公司 Heat treatment method of large thin-wall stainless steel bearing ring
CN109971924A (en) * 2019-05-16 2019-07-05 重庆银雁科技有限公司 A kind of gear ring quenching technical

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4204982A1 (en) * 1992-02-19 1993-08-26 Hoechstadter Maschinenfabrik S Thermochemical-thermal treatment of case hardening steels - with deep cooling between hardening and tempering
CN102409151A (en) * 2011-11-29 2012-04-11 中国重汽集团济南动力有限公司 Automobile drive axle ring gear heat treatment process
CN105624390A (en) * 2016-03-25 2016-06-01 洛阳汇工轴承科技有限公司 Heat treatment method of large thin-wall stainless steel bearing ring
CN109971924A (en) * 2019-05-16 2019-07-05 重庆银雁科技有限公司 A kind of gear ring quenching technical

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
倪红军等, 东南大学出版社 *
瞿鸿忻: "金属深冷处理及其应用" *

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Application publication date: 20220308