CN114142627B - 一种无线电能传输系统 - Google Patents

一种无线电能传输系统 Download PDF

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CN114142627B
CN114142627B CN202111528796.4A CN202111528796A CN114142627B CN 114142627 B CN114142627 B CN 114142627B CN 202111528796 A CN202111528796 A CN 202111528796A CN 114142627 B CN114142627 B CN 114142627B
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CN114142627A (zh
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苟先太
刘凡
刘富銘
雷潇
荣海娜
张葛祥
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Southwest Jiaotong University
Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Co Ltd
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Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/70—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the reduction of electric, magnetic or electromagnetic leakage fields
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • H02M3/33523—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/53871—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种无线电能传输系统，直流电源依次通过高频逆变电路、LCL谐振补偿电路连接到发射线圈；接收线圈依次通过LCLCC谐振补偿电路、整流滤波电路连接到负载；所述LCLCC谐振补偿电路包括第二电容、第三电容、第四电容、第四电感和第五电感；第二电容的输入端连接到接收线圈的一端，输出端依次串联第四电感、第五电感构成LCLCC谐振补偿电路的一个输出端；第三电容的一端连接到第二电容的输入端，第四电容的一端连接到第四电感的输出端，第三电容和第四电容的另一端连接到接收线圈的另一端构成LCLCC谐振补偿电路的另一个输出端。本发明的有益效果在于，在无线传能传统结构上加之LCLCC补偿电路，能够很好地稳定输出电压电流，提高电能传输效率。

Description

一种无线电能传输系统
技术领域
本发明涉及电能传输技术领域，特别是一种无线电能传输系统。
背景技术
谐振是发生在正弦电路中的一种特殊物理现象，电路谐振时能量会在电感元件和电容元件中相互转换，电路状态为纯阻性，此时电路中的电流最大，能量传输效率最高。线圈自身有高频杂散电容，但如果依靠这一杂散电容与线圈电感达到谐振，传输过程既不稳定也不易于控制。在实际中常采用加入补偿电容使电路工作在谐振状态，提高系统的传输性能。根据补偿电容与线圈的不同连接结构，补偿结构有串联补偿和并联补偿两类。因此，发射线圈和接收线圈与补偿电容的组合形式主要可分为串联-串联(S-S)、串联-并联(S-P)、并联-并联(P-P)、并联-串联(P-S)四种拓扑结构，第一个S或P为发射线圈与补偿电容的连接形式，第二个S或P为接收线圈与补偿电容的连接形式，S表示串联补偿，P表示并联补偿。然而，以往的结构存在一些缺陷和不足之处：基础的串联或并联补偿电路无法实现发射线圈的恒流和接收端的恒压输出。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种无线电能传输系统。
实现本发明目的的技术方案如下：
一种无线电能传输系统，直流电源依次通过高频逆变电路、LCL谐振补偿电路连接到发射线圈；接收线圈依次通过LCLCC谐振补偿电路、整流滤波电路连接到负载；所述LCLCC谐振补偿电路包括第二电容、第三电容、第四电容、第四电感和第五电感；第二电容的输入端连接到接收线圈的一端，输出端依次串联第四电感、第五电感构成LCLCC谐振补偿电路的一个输出端；第三电容的一端连接到第二电容的输出端，第四电容的一端连接到第四电感的输出端，第三电容和第四电容的另一端连接到接收线圈的另一端构成LCLCC谐振补偿电路的另一个输出端。
进一步的技术方案，所述高频逆变电路为全桥逆变电路：第一MOS管的源极连接第二MOS管的漏极，第二MOS管的源极连接第四MOS管的源极，第四MOS管的漏极连接第三MOS管的源极，第三MOS管的漏极连接第一MOS管的漏极；还包括控制全桥逆变电路的频率跟踪控制电路：依次连接的电流采样电路、过零比较电路、锁相环和驱动电路；所述电流采样电路的输入端连接到发射线圈的一端；所述驱动电路的四个输出端分别连接到第一MOS管、第二MOS管、第三MOS管和第四MOS管的栅极。
本发明的有益效果在于，在无线传能传统结构上加之LCLCC补偿电路，能够很好地稳定输出电压电流，提高电能传输效率；加入频率跟踪电路有利于稳定频率从而抵抗外部干扰。
附图说明
图1为本发明原理图。
图2为本发明的电路结构图。
图3为锁相环的电路结构图。
图4为LCL-LCLCC补偿电路等效电路图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进一步说明。
如图1所示，包括发射侧和接收侧。发射侧包括直流电源、高频逆变电路、LCL谐振补偿电路、频率跟踪控制电路和发射线圈；接收侧包括接收线圈、LCLCC谐振补偿电路、整流滤波电路和负载。
发射侧的直流电源连接高频逆变电路，高频逆变电路连接LCL谐振补偿电路，LCL谐振补偿电路连接发射线圈，并在发射线圈附近采集电流进行过零比较，连接锁相环再连接驱动电路，驱动电路连接高频逆变电路的控制器件。
接收侧的接收线圈连接LCLCC补偿谐振电路，LCLCC补偿谐振电路连接整流滤波电路，整流滤波电路连接负载。
直流电源输入依次经过发射侧的高频逆变电路、LCL谐振补偿电路到达发射线圈，发射线圈将电能通过无线方式传输到接收线圈，接收线圈将电能输出到LCLCC谐振网络，然后经过整流滤波电路后到达负载，为负载供电。
如图2所示，电流采样电路采集发射线圈L2电流传送到过零比较电路，产生与发射线圈电流同频同相的方波信号ui，此信号经锁相环与反馈回来的驱动信号uo进行比较产生与ui同频率的驱动逻辑信号进入驱动电路，从而控制四个开关器件即第一MOS管V1、第二MOS管V2、第三MOS管V3、第四MOS管V4的开通与关断。
如图3所示，锁相环的基本工作原理：当输入信号ui(t)与输出信号uo(t)频率不相等时，两信号会产生相位差Δθ。ui(t)和uo(t)经鉴相器进行相位比较，并根据两信号的相位差产生电压号ud(t)，其大小近似与Δθ成比例；之后环路滤波器将ud(t)中的高频信号与干扰信号滤除，得到控制压控振荡器的电压信号uc(t)；压控振荡器根据uc(t)的大小输出相应频率的信号uo(t)传送到驱动电路，如此不断调整uo(t)与ui(t)间的相位差，使两信号相位差为零、频率相同，完成频率跟踪过程，达到锁定状态。
当系统固有谐振频率因外界因素影响而发生偏离，而系统仍以原工作频率工作，此时逆变电路的开关器件会处于非正常状态，影响系统的输出特性，甚至损害开关器件，使系统不能工作。频率跟踪控制通过检测系统固有谐振频率改变开关器件的驱动信号，从而改变系统的工作频率，使系统维持谐振状态，开关管接近软开关状态，降低开关器件的应力。
高频电路将直流电逆变为交流电，且结合频率跟踪电路来控制开关器件，更有利于抗外界因素干扰，从而提高工作效率。
下面，对LCL-LCLCC谐振补偿电路的特性进行分析。
LCL-LCLCC谐振补偿电路的等效电路图如图4所示，其中，R1～R5分别为各个回路中的电感、电容、和线圈所带的寄生电阻之和，RL表示负载电阻，而图4中的电感和电容均视为理想器件。其中，ZM＝jωM为耦合阻抗。
对等效电路进行分析，当电路谐振时，即每个网孔的电感和电容谐振，则可以有以下联合方程：
Figure GDA0004170244490000031
将矩阵公式导入到MATLAB里面，可以得到如下带LCL-LCLCC谐振补偿电路的无线电能传输的效率公式(为使得效率公式清晰明了，因此有所简化)：
Figure GDA0004170244490000032
在忽略寄生阻抗，即R1～R5，因此可以得到如下表达式：
输入电流为
Figure GDA0004170244490000033
发射线圈电流为
Figure GDA0004170244490000034
负载电流为
Figure GDA0004170244490000035
负载电压为
Figure GDA0004170244490000036
输出功率为
Figure GDA0004170244490000037
综上所述，通过表达式可以看出：
(1)输入电流呈现纯阻性，从理论上说明了实现电路零相角
(2)发射线圈的电流与输入电压及第一电容C1的值有关，与负载无关，实现了发射线圈L2的恒流。
(3)输出电压与负载无关，达成了恒压输出的条件，揭示了输出电压与输入电压、线圈耦合程度、电容C1、C2、C4有关。
(4)可以调节负载RL或者电压来获得需要的输出功率。
(5)尽可能减少寄生电阻有利于提高效率，理想状况下，当R1～R5＝0时η＝1。
由于有频率跟踪电路控制，不容易受到外界因素干扰，保证了上式的稳定性，两者相辅相成，在频率有波动的时候及时反馈达到新的平衡，从而提高了无线电能传输的效率。
本发明带有频率跟踪电路和LCLCC的谐振补偿电路，使得电能传输效率更高，与传统结构LCC-S相比传输更加稳定，抗外部干扰能力更强。

Claims (1)

1.一种无线电能传输系统，其特征在于，直流电源依次通过高频逆变电路、LCL谐振补偿电路连接到发射线圈；接收线圈依次通过LCLCC谐振补偿电路、整流滤波电路连接到负载；所述LCLCC谐振补偿电路包括第二电容、第三电容、第四电容、第四电感和第五电感；第二电容的输入端连接到接收线圈的一端，输出端依次串联第四电感、第五电感构成LCLCC谐振补偿电路的一个输出端；第三电容的一端连接到第二电容的输出端，第四电容的一端连接到第四电感的输出端，第三电容和第四电容的另一端连接到接收线圈的另一端构成LCLCC谐振补偿电路的另一个输出端；
所述高频逆变电路为全桥逆变电路：第一MOS管的源极连接第二MOS管的漏极，第二MOS管的源极连接第四MOS管的源极，第四MOS管的漏极连接第三MOS管的源极，第三MOS管的漏极连接第一MOS管的漏极；还包括控制全桥逆变电路的频率跟踪控制电路：依次连接的电流采样电路、过零比较电路、锁相环和驱动电路；所述电流采样电路的输入端连接到发射线圈的一端；所述驱动电路的四个输出端分别连接到第一MOS管、第二MOS管、第三MOS管和第四MOS管的栅极。
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