CN114137160A - Migration experiment device and method for harmful gas in surrounding rock under tunnel excavation disturbance - Google Patents
Migration experiment device and method for harmful gas in surrounding rock under tunnel excavation disturbance Download PDFInfo
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- CN114137160A CN114137160A CN202111397322.0A CN202111397322A CN114137160A CN 114137160 A CN114137160 A CN 114137160A CN 202111397322 A CN202111397322 A CN 202111397322A CN 114137160 A CN114137160 A CN 114137160A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
Abstract
The invention provides a migration experiment device and method for surrounding rock harmful gas under tunnel excavation disturbance, which comprises a support, a constant-temperature simulation control box, a tunnel model test box, an air chamber, a tunnel excavation model, a pressurizing device, a pressurizing plate, a harmful gas input device and an air pressure control device, wherein the tunnel model test box is positioned in the constant-temperature simulation control box, the tunnel model test box, the constant-temperature simulation control box and a square-back upper cover plate enclose the air chamber, the pressurizing plate can rise and fall through the pressurizing device and extend into the tunnel model test box, and the harmful gas input device and the air pressure control device are communicated with the air chamber. The device and the method have the advantages that the tunnel excavation under the conditions of high altitude, high ground stress and high ground temperature and the migration of harmful gas during surrounding rock disturbance can be effectively simulated by pumping out air, inputting the harmful gas, pressurizing, controlling the temperature and monitoring the signal of the gas sensor by a computer, so that a reliable experimental device and a reliable experimental method are provided for researching the migration rule of the harmful gas in the tunnel excavation process under similar environmental conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel excavation simulation experiments, in particular to a migration experiment device and method for harmful gas in surrounding rock under tunnel excavation disturbance.
Background
Namely, the whole-line run-through Sichuan-Tibet railway is totally designed with 6 extra-long tunnels with the length of more than 10 kilometers and 15 long tunnels with the length of more than 15 kilometers. Most tunnels penetrate through mountains, and the buried depth is large, so that the ground stress of tunnel surrounding rocks is high. In addition, due to the influence of the underground hot spring and the breeding of various harmful gases in the mountain, the construction heat damage of the working face is serious, the risk of overflowing the harmful gases at any time is faced at any time, and the safety of constructors and equipment is seriously threatened. However, the development of surrounding rock cracks is caused by tunnel excavation, a channel is provided for the migration of harmful gas, but the migration rule of the harmful gas under the surrounding rock in a complex environment is not yet clarified, so that a reasonable prediction method for harmful gas seepage cannot be formed, and safety guarantee is provided for plateau tunnel construction. Therefore, in order to find out the migration rule of harmful gas in surrounding rocks after tunnel excavation in the environment with high altitude, high ground temperature and high ground stress and provide a theoretical basis for prediction and prevention of harmful gas overflow, an experimental device and an experimental method which can effectively simulate the migration of harmful gas in tunnel excavation under the conditions with high altitude, high ground stress and high ground temperature are urgently needed, and specifically, how the experimental device reproduces the environment with high altitude, high ground stress and high ground temperature and performs tunnel excavation under the simulated conditions is required so as to monitor the migration rule of harmful gas under disturbance of the surrounding rocks. The device and the method are extremely important for tunnel construction under the conditions of high altitude, high ground stress and high ground temperature.
Publication No. CN108931594B provides a gas collection and detection system for high-temperature and high-pressure coal petrography testing apparatus, including: the heat exchange assembly comprises a heat exchanger, a liquid collector and a water pump, the heat exchanger comprises a first port, a second port, a third port and a fourth port, the first port is communicated with the second acquisition port, the third port is connected with the water pump, and the fourth port is connected with the liquid collector; the first one-way valve is connected between the second collecting port and the first port and is in one-way conduction in the direction of the reaction kettle facing the heat exchanger; the gas storage tank comprises a gas inlet and a gas outlet, and the gas inlet is connected with the fourth port; the vacuum pump is connected between the second port and the gas inlet; the gas chromatograph is connected with the outlet end; the on-off valve is connected between the gas chromatograph and the gas outlet; the connecting port of the gas cylinder is connected with the first collecting port; the second one-way valve is arranged between the first collecting port and the connecting port of the gas cylinder and is in one-way conduction in the direction of the gas cylinder towards the reaction kettle.
Above-mentioned prior art can carry out the accuracy according to the gas's of actual test needs flow and pressure to the gas cylinder through setting up first air-vent valve and adjust, can simulate the pore fluid's of reservoir pressure more accurately like this, realizes the collection and the monitoring to gaseous, but can not realize high altitude environment characteristics, and can't direct simulation tunnel excavation, can't realize the analysis to the migration law characteristic of country rock harmful gas simultaneously.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a migration experiment device and method for harmful gas in surrounding rock under tunnel excavation disturbance, and aims to solve the problems in the background art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a migration experimental apparatus of country rock harmful gas under tunnel excavation disturbance, includes support, constant temperature analog control case, tunnel model test case, air chamber, tunnel excavation model, pressure device, increased pressure board, harmful gas input device and pneumatic control device, wherein:
the top of the constant temperature simulation control box is provided with a clip-shaped upper cover plate, the tunnel model test box is positioned in the constant temperature simulation control box, wherein the tunnel model test box, the constant temperature simulation control box and the square-shaped upper cover plate enclose an air chamber, the model test box is provided with air holes for exchanging air with the air chamber, the tunnel excavation model is composed of surrounding rock ores and is filled in the tunnel model test box, wherein the constant temperature simulation control box, the tunnel model test box and the tunnel excavation model are respectively provided with a tunnel excavation surface I, a tunnel excavation surface II and a tunnel excavation surface III, a sensor assembly is arranged in the tunnel excavation model, the sensor assembly is circumferentially arranged around the tunnel excavation face III, the pressurizing plate is arranged above the constant-temperature simulation control box through the pressurizing device in a lifting mode and extends to the inside of the tunnel model test box, and the harmful gas input device and the air pressure control device are communicated with the air chamber.
Preferably, five harmful gas input devices are respectively communicated with the air chamber, each harmful gas input device consists of a gas tank, a gas pipe and a harmful gas valve, one end of each gas pipe is communicated with the gas tank, the other end of each gas pipe is communicated with the corresponding harmful gas valve, and the corresponding harmful gas valve is communicated with the air chamber.
Preferably, the air pressure control device consists of an air pump, an air exhaust pipe and an air valve, wherein one end of the air exhaust pipe is communicated with the air pump, the other end of the air exhaust pipe is communicated with the air valve, and the air valve is communicated with the air chamber.
Preferably, the gas tank stores therein harmful gas.
Preferably, the sensor assembly is a sensor for detecting harmful gas in the gas tank.
Preferably, the pressurizing device comprises a hydraulic cylinder and a hydraulic controller, the hydraulic controller is connected with the hydraulic cylinder and used for controlling acting force of the hydraulic cylinder, and the pressurizing plate is connected with a power output end of the hydraulic cylinder.
Preferably, the circumferential direction of the pressure plate is matched with the inner wall of the clip-shaped upper cover plate to form sealing contact, and the bottom of the pressure plate is contacted with the tunnel excavation model.
Preferably, a heating assembly is arranged in the constant-temperature simulation control box and used for constructing different temperature gradients.
A migration experiment method for harmful gas in surrounding rock under disturbance of tunnel excavation comprises the following steps:
s1, filling surrounding rock similar materials into the model test box, building a tunnel excavation model, then opening rock mass cracks on the tunnel excavation model, and arranging sensor assemblies in the circumferential direction of a tunnel excavation surface III;
s2, placing the model test box into the constant-temperature simulation control box, wherein the tunnel model test box, the constant-temperature simulation control box and the square-shaped upper cover plate enclose an air chamber;
s3, respectively establish a closing plate by tunnel excavation face I and tunnel excavation face II for the closing plate plugs up tunnel excavation face I and tunnel excavation face II and makes air chamber and external world keep the state of keeping the isolation.
S4, the hydraulic controller controls the hydraulic cylinder to act, so that the pressurizing plate moves downwards, the circumferential direction of the pressurizing plate is matched with the inner wall of the square-shaped upper cover plate to form sealing contact, the bottom of the pressurizing plate is in contact with the tunnel excavation model, and the pressurizing plate applies pressure to the tunnel excavation model, so that high ground stress is simulated;
s5, heating the heating component in the constant temperature simulation control box to construct different temperature gradients;
s6, opening an air pump and an air valve, further pumping air in the constant-temperature simulation control box and the tunnel model test box, and further creating a high-altitude (low-oxygen content) state;
s7, introducing carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide and hydrogen sulfide gas into the gas chamber respectively by the five gas tanks, and further simulating harmful gas existing in the tunnel, so that the gas is transported, and the sensor assembly (51) monitors the harmful gas constantly, so that the content of the harmful gas reaches the state required by the experiment;
and S8, extracting the sealing plate arranged in the step S3, then starting to perform tunnel section excavation on the tunnel excavation model, recording data displayed by the sensor assembly in the excavation process, and recording the data and the change of the data.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, by simulating conditions of high altitude, high ground stress and high ground temperature, the migration of harmful gas in the surrounding rock disturbance process caused by tunnel excavation can be simulated under the conditions of controlling environmental air pressure, applying surrounding rock stress, regulating and controlling temperature and changing the concentration of the harmful gas, and the harmful gas at the surrounding rock disturbance part is monitored by the harmful gas concentration sensor, so that the migration rule of the harmful gas is researched.
2. The invention can simulate the migration rule of harmful gas in the tunnel excavation process by an indoor experiment method to provide reliable experiment data for managers, and the managers can take measures in advance according to experimental objects, such as wearing gas masks, protective clothing and the like, so that the situation that constructors inhale the harmful gas in the tunnel excavation process to cause harmful gas poisoning can be avoided. Meanwhile, the air pressure control device can collect and treat harmful gas uniformly after the test is finished, and the experimental device greatly reduces the probability of harmful gas suction of constructors and the pollution to the environment, so that the health and the environment of field testers are ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional schematic of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a tunnel model test chamber according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a three-dimensional schematic view of a tunnel excavation model according to the present invention;
in the figure: 1 support, 2 constant temperature analog control case, 3 tunnel model proof box, 4 air chambers, 5 tunnel excavation models, 6 pressure device, 7 pressure plates, 8 harmful gas input device, 9 air pressure control device, 21 time shape upper cover plate, 22 tunnel excavation face I, 31 tunnel excavation face II, 51 sensor package, 52 rock mass crack, 53 tunnel excavation face III, 61 pneumatic cylinder, 62 hydraulic controller, 81 gas pitcher, 82 gas-supply pipes, 83 harmful gas valve, 91 air pump, 92 exhaust tube, 93 air valve.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example (b):
referring to fig. 1 to 4, the present invention provides a technical solution:
the utility model provides a migration experimental apparatus of country rock harmful gas under tunnel excavation disturbance, includes support 1, constant temperature analog control case 2, tunnel model test case 3, air chamber 4, tunnel excavation model 5, pressure device 6, increased pressure board 7, harmful gas input device 8 and pneumatic control device 9, wherein:
the top of the constant temperature simulation control box 2 is provided with a rectangular upper cover plate 21, the bottom of the constant temperature simulation control box 2 is provided with rollers for operating conveniently, wherein the rollers are matched in a guide groove on the bracket 1, the tunnel model test box 3 is positioned in the constant temperature simulation control box 2, the tunnel model test box 3, the constant temperature simulation control box 2 and the rectangular upper cover plate 21 enclose an air chamber 4, the model test box 3 is provided with air holes for exchanging gas with the air chamber 4, further the gas entering the air chamber 4 enters the model test box 3 through the air holes, the tunnel excavation model 5 is composed of surrounding rock ores and fills the tunnel model test box 3, wherein the constant temperature simulation control box 2, the tunnel model test box 3 and the tunnel excavation model 5 are respectively provided with a tunnel excavation surface I22, a tunnel excavation surface II 31 and a tunnel excavation surface III 53, further the working condition of real tunnel excavation is simulated, a sensor component 51 is arranged in the tunnel excavation model 5, wherein the sensor assembly 51 is circumferentially arranged around a tunnel excavation surface III 53, so as to collect the gas migration condition and concentration around the tunnel, the sensor assembly 51 comprises a carbon monoxide sensor, a sulfur dioxide sensor, a nitric oxide sensor, a nitrogen dioxide sensor and a hydrogen sulfide sensor, so that the sensor assembly 51 can monitor various harmful gases, the pressurizing plate 7 is arranged above the constant-temperature simulation control box 2 in a lifting manner through the pressurizing device 6 and extends into the tunnel model test box 3, the pressurizing device 6 comprises a hydraulic cylinder 61 and a hydraulic controller 62, the hydraulic controller 62 is connected with the hydraulic cylinder 61 and is used for controlling the acting force of the hydraulic cylinder 61, wherein the hydraulic cylinder 61 is arranged on the bracket 1, the pressurizing plate 7 is connected with the power output end of the hydraulic cylinder 61, the circumferential direction of the pressurizing plate 7 is matched with the inner wall of the square upper cover plate 21 to form sealing contact, and the bottom of the pressurizing plate 7 is in contact with the tunnel excavation model 5, so that the pressurizing plate 7 applies pressure to the tunnel excavation model 5 to realize the effect of simulating high ground stress, and the harmful gas input device 8 and the gas pressure control device 9 are communicated with the gas chamber 4.
Further, five harmful gas input devices 8 are respectively communicated with the gas chamber 4, each harmful gas input device 8 is composed of a gas tank 81, a gas pipe 82 and a harmful gas valve 83, one end of each gas pipe 82 is communicated with the gas tank 81, the other end of each gas pipe 82 is communicated with the corresponding harmful gas valve 83, each harmful gas valve 83 is communicated with the gas chamber 4, and the five gas tanks 81 are used for storing carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide and hydrogen sulfide.
Further, the air pressure control device 9 is composed of an air pump 91, an air exhaust tube 92 and an air valve 93, one end of the air exhaust tube 92 is communicated with the air pump 91, the other end is communicated with the air valve 93, and the air valve 93 is communicated with the air chamber 4.
Further, a heating component is arranged in the constant temperature simulation control box 2 and used for constructing different temperature gradients.
A migration experiment method for harmful gas in surrounding rock under disturbance of tunnel excavation comprises the following steps:
s1, filling surrounding rock similar materials into the model test box 3, building a tunnel excavation model 5, then opening a rock mass fracture 52 on the tunnel excavation model 5, wherein the rock mass fracture 52 is a gas migration channel, simulating a fracture structural zone in an actual geological environment, and arranging a sensor assembly 51 in the circumferential direction of a tunnel excavation face III 53 to be excavated, wherein the arranged sensors are a carbon monoxide sensor, a sulfur dioxide sensor, a nitric oxide sensor, a nitrogen dioxide sensor and a hydrogen sulfide sensor;
s2, placing the model test box 3 into the constant-temperature simulation control box 2, wherein the tunnel model test box 3, the constant-temperature simulation control box 2 and the square-back upper cover plate 21 enclose an air chamber 4;
s3, respectively arranging a sealing plate beside the tunnel excavation surface I22 and the tunnel excavation surface II 31, so that the sealing plate blocks the tunnel excavation surface I22 and the tunnel excavation surface II 31 to ensure that the air chamber 4 keeps an isolated state from the outside.
S4, the hydraulic controller 62 controls the hydraulic cylinder 61 to act, so that the pressurizing plate 7 moves downwards, the circumferential direction of the pressurizing plate 7 is matched with the inner wall of the square-shaped upper cover plate 21 to form sealing contact, the bottom of the pressurizing plate 7 is in contact with the tunnel excavation model 5, and the pressurizing plate 7 applies pressure to the tunnel excavation model 5, so that high ground stress simulation is realized;
s5, heating the heating component in the constant temperature simulation control box 2 to construct different temperature gradients;
s6, opening the air pump 91 and the air valve 93, and further pumping out air in the constant-temperature simulation control box 2 and the tunnel model test box 3, so as to build a high-altitude (low-oxygen content) state;
s7, introducing carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide and hydrogen sulfide gas into the gas chamber 4 through the five gas tanks 81 respectively, and further simulating harmful gas existing in the tunnel, so that the gas is transported, and the sensor assembly 51 monitors the harmful gas constantly, so that the content of the harmful gas reaches the state required by the experiment;
and S8, extracting the sealing plate arranged in the step S3, then starting to excavate the tunnel section of the tunnel excavation model 5, recording data displayed by the sensor assembly 51 in the excavation process, and recording the data and the change of the data.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a migration experimental apparatus of country rock harmful gas under tunnel excavation disturbance, includes support (1), constant temperature analog control case (2), tunnel model test case (3), air chamber (4), tunnel excavation model (5), pressure device (6), pressure plate (7), harmful gas input device (8) and pneumatic control device (9), its characterized in that:
the tunnel excavation model is characterized in that a back-shaped upper cover plate (21) is arranged at the top of the constant-temperature simulation control box (2), a tunnel model test box (3) is positioned in the constant-temperature simulation control box (2), wherein the tunnel model test box (3), the constant-temperature simulation control box (2) and the back-shaped upper cover plate (21) enclose an air chamber (4), the model test box (3) is provided with an air hole for exchanging gas with the air chamber (4), the tunnel excavation model (5) is composed of surrounding rock ore and is filled with the tunnel model test box (3), wherein the constant-temperature simulation control box (2), the tunnel model test box (3) and the tunnel excavation model (5) are respectively provided with a tunnel excavation surface I (22), a tunnel excavation surface II (31) and a tunnel excavation surface III (53), a sensor assembly (51) is arranged in the tunnel excavation model (5), and the sensor assembly (51) is circumferentially arranged around the tunnel excavation surface III (53), the pressurizing plate (7) is arranged above the constant-temperature simulation control box (2) in a lifting mode through the pressurizing device (6) and extends into the tunnel model test box (3), and the harmful gas input device (8) and the air pressure control device (9) are communicated with the air chamber (4).
2. The transportation experimental device for harmful gas in surrounding rock under disturbance of tunnel excavation according to claim 1, characterized in that: five harmful gas input devices (8) are respectively communicated with the air chamber (4), each harmful gas input device (8) is composed of a gas tank (81), a gas pipe (82) and a harmful gas valve (83), one end of each gas pipe (82) is communicated with the gas tank (81), the other end of each gas pipe is communicated with the corresponding harmful gas valve (83), and the corresponding harmful gas valve (83) is communicated with the air chamber (4).
3. The transportation experimental device for harmful gas in surrounding rock under disturbance of tunnel excavation according to claim 1, characterized in that: the air pressure control device (9) is composed of an air pump (91), an air exhaust pipe (92) and an air valve (93), one end of the air exhaust pipe (92) is communicated with the air pump (91), the other end of the air exhaust pipe is communicated with the air valve (93), and the air valve (93) is communicated with the air chamber (4).
4. The transportation experimental device for harmful gas in surrounding rock under disturbance of tunnel excavation according to claim 2, characterized in that: the gas tank (81) stores therein harmful gas.
5. The transportation experimental device for harmful gas in surrounding rock under disturbance of tunnel excavation according to claim 4, characterized in that: the sensor assembly (51) is a sensor for detecting harmful gas in the gas tank (81).
6. The transportation experimental device for harmful gas in surrounding rock under disturbance of tunnel excavation according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pressurizing device (6) is composed of a hydraulic cylinder (61) and a hydraulic controller (62), the hydraulic controller (62) is connected with the hydraulic cylinder (61) and used for controlling acting force of the hydraulic cylinder (61), and the pressurizing plate (7) is connected with a power output end of the hydraulic cylinder (61).
7. The transportation experimental device for harmful gas in surrounding rock under disturbance of tunnel excavation according to claim 6, characterized in that: the circumferential direction of the pressure plate (7) is matched with the inner wall of the square-shaped upper cover plate (21) to form sealing contact, and the bottom of the pressure plate (7) is in contact with the tunnel excavation model (5).
8. The transportation experimental device for harmful gas in surrounding rock under disturbance of tunnel excavation according to claim 1, characterized in that: and a heating component is arranged in the constant temperature simulation control box (2) and is used for constructing different temperature gradients.
9. A migration experiment method for harmful gas in surrounding rock under disturbance of tunnel excavation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, filling surrounding rock similar materials into the model test box (3), building a tunnel excavation model (5), then opening rock mass cracks (52) on the tunnel excavation model (5), and arranging sensor assemblies (51) in the circumferential direction of a tunnel excavation surface III (53) to be excavated;
s2, placing the model test box (3) into the constant-temperature simulation control box (2), wherein the tunnel model test box (3), the constant-temperature simulation control box (2) and the clip-shaped upper cover plate (21) enclose an air chamber (4);
s3, respectively setting a sealing plate beside the tunnel excavation face I (22) and the tunnel excavation face II (31), so that the sealing plate blocks the tunnel excavation face I (22) and the tunnel excavation face II (31) to keep the air chamber (4) isolated from the outside.
S4, the hydraulic controller (62) controls the hydraulic cylinder (61) to act, so that the pressurizing plate (7) moves downwards, the circumferential direction of the pressurizing plate (7) is matched with the inner wall of the square-shaped upper cover plate (21) to form sealing contact, the bottom of the pressurizing plate (7) is in contact with the tunnel excavation model (5), and the pressurizing plate (7) applies pressure to the tunnel excavation model (5), so that high ground stress is simulated;
s5, heating the heating component in the constant temperature simulation control box (2) to construct different temperature gradients;
s6, opening an air pump (91) and an air valve (93) to further draw out air in the constant-temperature simulation control box (2) and the tunnel model test box (3) so as to build a state of high altitude (low oxygen content);
s7, introducing carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide and hydrogen sulfide gas into the gas chamber (4) through the five gas tanks (81) respectively, and further simulating harmful gas existing in the tunnel, so that the gas is transported, and the sensor assembly (51) monitors the harmful gas constantly, so that the content of the harmful gas reaches the state required by the experiment;
and S8, extracting the sealing plate arranged in the step S3, then starting to excavate the tunnel section of the tunnel excavation model (5), recording data displayed by the sensor assembly (51) in the excavation process, and recording the data and the change of the data.
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