CN114136681B - Crane load test device and load test method - Google Patents

Crane load test device and load test method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114136681B
CN114136681B CN202111447903.0A CN202111447903A CN114136681B CN 114136681 B CN114136681 B CN 114136681B CN 202111447903 A CN202111447903 A CN 202111447903A CN 114136681 B CN114136681 B CN 114136681B
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China
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main beam
load test
girder
lower main
support
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CN202111447903.0A
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CN114136681A (en
Inventor
周平
刘景红
赵洵
刘昌义
杜权
廖军
郑龙辉
孙泽
腾云鹏
罗冬春
陈强
胡飞
李江平
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China Communications 2nd Navigational Bureau 2nd Engineering Co Ltd
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China Communications 2nd Navigational Bureau 2nd Engineering Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • G01M99/005—Testing of complete machines, e.g. washing-machines or mobile phones
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • G01M99/007—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass by applying a load, e.g. for resistance or wear testing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a crane load test device which comprises a lower main beam, a support, an upper main beam, a distribution beam and a counter-pulling mechanism. The lower girders are arranged on the ground, two adjacent lower girders are connected through a cross connection, the support is arranged at the top of the lower girders, the upper girders are arranged on the support, and two adjacent upper girders are connected through a cross connection. In the test of simulating the lifting load of the crown block, the distribution beam is arranged at the bottom of the lower main beam, and the crown block on the upper main beam lifts the distribution beam to a set load. In the simulated whole-span full-suspension load test, a plurality of groups of opposite-pulling mechanisms are arranged between two supports at intervals, and the opposite-pulling mechanisms are used for opposite-pulling the upper main beam and the lower main beam to set loads. The invention also discloses a crane load test method. According to the crane load test device and the crane load test method, the crane load test does not need to be provided with the balancing weight, and the crane load test can be conveniently carried out in a factory through the girder opposite-pulling simulation load test.

Description

Crane load test device and load test method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hoisting equipment, in particular to a crane load test device and a load test method.
Background
The new or modified hoisting equipment performs load test in the factory, and corresponding balancing weights are required to be configured according to 1.25 times of rated load. Because of the large rated lifting load of large-scale lifting equipment, it is very difficult to configure such large balancing weights for load test. Therefore, many times, large-scale hoisting equipment is directly subjected to load tests on construction sites, but has great potential safety hazards. Even if the construction site is required to meet the conditions required for the load test, it is very difficult.
For example, when a full-suspension construction of a full-span segment beam is performed, a load needs to be applied to be approximately 2000t, and according to a construction plan, such a working condition is likely to occur only in the middle and later stages of the construction, or the working condition is not so large in the project, so that how to perform a load test is a very troublesome matter.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, it is necessary to provide a crane load test device and a load test method for solving the problems that the existing large-scale hoisting equipment is subjected to load test, the weight is overweight, the load test condition is limited, and the load test is very difficult.
A crane load testing device comprising:
the lower girders are arranged on the ground, and two adjacent lower girders are connected through a transverse connection;
the supports are arranged at the top of the lower main beam, and the two supports are arranged at intervals along the extending direction of the lower main beam;
the upper girders are arranged on the support, and two adjacent upper girders are connected through a transverse connection;
in a simulated crown block lifting load test, the distribution beam is arranged at the bottom of the lower main beam, and the crown block on the upper main beam lifts the distribution beam to a set load; a kind of electronic device with high-pressure air-conditioning system
And in the simulation whole-span full-suspension load test, a plurality of groups of opposite-pulling mechanisms are arranged between the two supports at intervals, and the opposite-pulling mechanisms are used for opposite-pulling the upper main beam and the lower main beam to set loads.
In one embodiment, the lower main beam further comprises a mounting bracket for supporting the lower main beam.
In one embodiment, the support comprises a base, a joist and a hinge shaft, wherein the base is mounted on the lower main beam, the upper main beam is supported on the joist, and the base and the joist are hinged through the hinge shaft.
In one embodiment, the support further comprises a first limiting pressing plate, the first limiting pressing plate is mounted on the joist, two groups of the first limiting pressing plates are arranged on the joist at intervals, and the upper main beam is limited between the two groups of the first limiting pressing plates.
In one embodiment, the support further comprises a second limiting pressing plate, the second limiting pressing plate is mounted on the base, two groups of second limiting pressing plates are arranged on the base at intervals, and the lower main beam is limited between the two groups of second limiting pressing plates.
In one embodiment, the opposite pulling mechanism comprises a driving member and a connecting member, wherein the driving member is mounted on the upper main beam, the connecting member is connected with the driving member and the lower main beam, and the driving member drives the connecting member to lift the lower main beam.
In one embodiment, the driving member is a through jack and the connecting member is a prestressed reinforcement.
The crane load test method by using the crane load test device according to any one of the above steps comprises the following steps:
the lower main beams are installed on the ground, and then transverse connection among the lower main beams is installed;
mounting the support on the top of the lower main beam;
installing the upper girder on the support, and aligning the upper girder with the lower girder;
when a lifting load test of the crown block is simulated, installing a distribution beam at the bottom of the lower main beam at a position corresponding to the crown block, and lifting the distribution beam to a set load by the crown block;
when the full-span full-suspension load test is simulated, the opposite-pulling mechanism is connected with the upper girder and the lower girder, and the opposite-pulling mechanism contracts to opposite-pull the upper girder and the lower girder to set loads.
In one embodiment, before the step of installing the lower girders on the ground and then installing the cross-section between the lower girders, the method further comprises:
and flattening the foundation treatment of the installation area, and enabling the foundation bearing capacity of the installation area to meet the requirement.
In one embodiment, the support is mounted on the lower main beam, a second limiting pressing plate is mounted on the base, the lower main beam is limited and locked between the two groups of second limiting pressing plates, the upper main beam is mounted on the support, a first limiting pressing plate is mounted on the joist, and the upper main beam is limited and locked between the two groups of first limiting pressing plates.
According to the crane load test device and the crane load test method, when the crane lifting load test is simulated, the crane lifts the distribution beam to the set load, and when the whole-span full-suspension load test is simulated, the opposite-pulling mechanism contracts the opposite-pulling upper main beam and the lower main beam to the set load. The crane load test does not need to be provided with a balancing weight, the girder is pulled to simulate the load test, the load test can be conveniently carried out in a factory, the load test process is simple, and the conditions required by the load test are simple.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described. Throughout the drawings, the elements or portions are not necessarily drawn to actual scale.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a crane load testing apparatus according to an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the bracket of FIG. 1 coupled to the upper and lower main beams;
FIG. 3 is a side view of the bracket of FIG. 1 attached to an upper main beam and a lower main beam;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a simulated crown block lifting load test of the crane load test apparatus shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a simulated full-span full-suspension load test of the crane load test apparatus shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the pull-to-pull mechanism of FIG. 1 pulling the upper and lower girders together;
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of a method of testing crane load in an embodiment.
Reference numerals:
10-lower main beam, 12-mounting bracket, 14-cross connection, 20-support, 21-base, 22-joist, 23-hinge, 24-first limit pressing plate, 25-second limit pressing plate, 30-upper main beam, 40-distributing beam, 42-crown block, 50-opposite pulling mechanism, 52-driving piece, 54-connecting piece.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the invention will be readily understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The invention may be embodied in many other forms than described herein and similarly modified by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention, which is therefore not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like are used herein for illustrative purposes only and are not meant to be the only embodiment.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, 4 and 5, the crane load test device in an embodiment may be used for load tests of cranes such as a segment assembly bridge girder erection machine, a portal crane, a mast crane, and a prestressed lifting device. Specifically, the crane load test device comprises a lower main beam 10, a support 20, an upper main beam 30, a distribution beam 40 and a counter-pulling mechanism 50.
Referring to fig. 1 and 5, the lower girders 10 are installed on the ground, and two adjacent lower girders 10 are connected by a cross-link 14. In one embodiment, to facilitate the installation of the lower girder 10 on the ground and to ensure structural stability during the crane test, the crane load test device further includes a mounting bracket 12, and the mounting bracket 12 is used to support the lower girder 10. In this embodiment, the mounting bracket 12 may be a rod structure, and for easy dismounting, the mounting bracket 12 is fastened to the upper and lower chords of the lower main beam 10 by a hoop.
The brackets 20 are installed at the top of the lower girder 10, and the two brackets 20 are spaced apart along the extension direction of the lower girder 10. Two standoffs 20 are used to simulate front and rear center legs, the spacing and location of the two standoffs 20 being the same as the front and rear center legs. The upper girders 30 are mounted on the support 20, and two adjacent upper girders 30 are connected by a cross-tie 14.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, in one embodiment, the support 20 includes a base 21, a joist 22 and a hinge 23, the base 21 is mounted on the lower girder 10, the joist 22 is mounted on the upper girder 30, and the base 21 and the joist 22 are hinged by the hinge 23. In the load test, the upper main beam 30 and the lower main beam 10 are required to be deformed after load is applied, the base 21 and the joist 22 are hinged, and good adhesion between the bracket and the upper main beam 30 and between the bracket and the lower main beam 10 can be ensured.
In one embodiment, to ensure that the brackets do not slip from the upper and lower girders 30, 10 during the test, the upper and lower girders 30, 10 need to be limited to ensure a reliable connection between the brackets and the upper and lower girders 30, 10. Specifically, the support 20 further includes a first limiting pressing plate 24, the first limiting pressing plate 24 is mounted on the joist 22, two sets of first limiting pressing plates 24 are disposed on the joist 22 at intervals, and the upper main beam 30 is limited between the two sets of first limiting pressing plates 24. The support 20 further comprises a second limiting pressing plate 25, the second limiting pressing plate 25 is installed on the base 21, two groups of second limiting pressing plates 25 are arranged on the base 21 at intervals, and the lower main beam 10 is limited between the two groups of second limiting pressing plates 25.
Referring to fig. 4 and 5 together, in the test for simulating the lifting load of the crown block 42, the distribution beam 40 is mounted at the bottom of the lower main beam 10, the distribution beam 40 corresponds to the position of the crown block 42, the distribution beam 40 is pressed by the upper chord of the lower main beam 10, and the crown block 42 lifts the distribution beam 40 to a set load. In the test of simulating the full-span full-suspension load, the opposite-pulling mechanism 50 is connected with the upper main beam 30 and the lower main beam 10, a plurality of groups of opposite-pulling mechanisms 50 are arranged between the two supports 20 at intervals, and the opposite-pulling mechanism 50 is used for opposite-pulling the upper main beam 30 and the lower main beam 10 to set loads.
The upper girder 30 is a girder of a crane requiring a load test, the lower girder 10 is an auxiliary tool, and the structure is identical to the upper girder 30. The load of the upper girder 30 is identical to the direction of the self weight of the girder in the load test, and the load of the lower girder 10 is opposite to the direction of the self weight in the load test, so that the influence of a part of the load can be offset. Thus, the lower main beam 10 is more advantageous in stress conditions than the upper main beam 30 in load testing. If the upper girder 30 can bear test load, the lower girder 10 is safer, and if structural yield occurs in the test process, the upper girder 30 is first to occur, so that the girder split can simulate load test, and the load test does not need to be provided with a balancing weight.
Referring to fig. 6, in one embodiment, the pull-up mechanism 50 includes a driving member 52 and a connecting member 54, the driving member 52 is mounted on the upper main beam 30, the connecting member 54 connects the driving member 52 and the lower main beam 10, and the driving member 52 drives the connecting member 54 to lift the lower main beam 10. In this embodiment, the driving member 52 is a jack, the connecting member 54 may be a prestressed reinforcement, and the connecting member 54 may be a steel strand. The structure of the crown block 42 is not limited to a hoist, and is also applicable to a continuous jack or the like.
In one embodiment, in simulating the lifting load test of the crown block 42, the distribution beam 40 needs to be mounted on the bottom of the lower main beam 10, alternatively, a foundation pit may be excavated on the ground, and the distribution beam 40 may be placed in the foundation pit, so that the distribution beam 40 is mounted on the bottom of the lower main beam 10 without lifting the lower main beam 10. Of course, it is also possible to selectively lift the lower girder 10 up to a certain height and then mount the distribution girder 40 to the bottom of the lower girder 10 while adjusting the connection position of the mounting bracket 12 and the lower girder 10 to keep the mounting bracket 12 supporting the lower girder 10.
Referring to fig. 7, the invention further provides a crane load test method, and in order to achieve the load test method, the crane load test device is adopted. Specifically, the load test method comprises the following steps:
step S110: the lower girders 10 are installed on the ground and then the crossties 14 between the lower girders 10 are installed.
Specifically, the mounting bracket 12 is fixed on the lower main beam 10, and the mounting bracket 12 is fastened on the upper and lower chords of the lower main beam 10 by a hoop manner. The lower girders 10 are assembled section by section, and after the assembly of the lower girders 10 is completed, the cross-section 14 between the lower girders 10 is installed.
In an embodiment, before the step S110, the method further includes: and (3) flattening the foundation treatment of the installation area, so that the foundation bearing capacity of the installation area meets the requirement.
Step S120: the support 20 is mounted on top of the lower girder 10.
Specifically, the base 21 is mounted on the top of the lower main beam 10, the second limiting pressing plate 25 is mounted on the base 21, and the lower main beam 10 is limited and locked between the two groups of second limiting pressing plates 25, so that slippage between the lower main beam 10 and the support 20 is avoided.
In this embodiment, the number of the supports 20 is two, the two supports 20 are spaced on the upper main beam 30, and the distance and position of the two supports 20 are completely consistent with those of the front and rear legs.
Step S130: the upper main beam 30 is mounted to the support 20 with the upper main beam 30 aligned with the lower main beam 10.
Specifically, the upper girder 30 is connected with the joist 22 of the support 20, and then the joist 22 is hinged with the base 21 through the hinge shaft 23, so that the upper girder 30 is mounted on the support 20. The upper girder 30 is aligned with the lower girder 10, so that the upper girder 30 and the lower girder 10 are symmetrically stacked and installed. Then, the first limiting pressing plates 24 are installed on the joists 22, and the upper main beams 30 are locked and limited between the two groups of first limiting pressing plates 24, so that the upper main beams 30 are prevented from sliding relative to the joists 22.
Step S140: when the lifting load test of the crown block 42 is simulated, the distribution beam 40 is installed at the position corresponding to the crown block 42 at the bottom of the lower main beam 10, and the crown block 42 lifts the distribution beam 40 to a set load.
Specifically, in the normal lifting load test, the crane 42 lifts the balancing weight with a certain weight directly by the lifting winch, in this embodiment, a distributing beam 40 is disposed at the bottom of the lower main beam 10 corresponding to the crane 42, and the lifting winch of the crane 42 directly tightens the distributing beam 40 to the same load as the balancing weight.
Step S150: in the full suspension load test simulating the whole span, the opposite-pulling mechanism 50 connects the upper girder 30 and the lower girder 10, and the opposite-pulling mechanism 50 contracts the opposite-pulling upper girder 30 and the lower girder 10 to a set load.
Specifically, the opposite pulling mechanism 50 includes a driving member 52 and a connecting member 54, the driving member 52 is mounted on the upper main beam 30, the connecting member 54 connects the driving member 52 and the lower main beam 10, and the driving member 52 drives the connecting member 54 to lift the lower main beam 10. In the present embodiment, the driving member 52 is a through jack, and the connecting member 54 may be a prestressed reinforcement. And the prestressed reinforcement is arranged at the corresponding position between the two main beams, and is tensioned gradually by a through jack, so that each prestressed reinforcement is adjusted to the load required to be simulated in the test.
Because the main girder can flex down in the tensioning process of the prestressed reinforcement, the tension value of the tensioned prestressed reinforcement is affected, and the reinforcement is loaded in a fractional manner and cannot be in place once. The pre-stressed steel bar up to each point is applied to the tensile force value required for the test.
According to the crane load test device and the crane load test method, the balancing weight is not required to be configured in the load test, the load test can be simulated through the girder opposite pulling, the test can be conveniently carried out in a factory, the load test process is simple, and the conditions required by the load test are simple.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention, and are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims and description.

Claims (10)

1. A crane load testing device, comprising:
the lower girders are arranged on the ground, and two adjacent lower girders are connected through a transverse connection;
the supports are arranged at the top of the lower main beam, and the two supports are arranged at intervals along the extending direction of the lower main beam;
the upper girders are arranged on the support, and two adjacent upper girders are connected through a transverse connection;
in a simulated crown block lifting load test, the distribution beam is arranged at the bottom of the lower main beam, and the crown block on the upper main beam lifts the distribution beam to a set load; a kind of electronic device with high-pressure air-conditioning system
And in the simulation whole-span full-suspension load test, a plurality of groups of opposite-pulling mechanisms are arranged between the two supports at intervals, and the opposite-pulling mechanisms are used for opposite-pulling the upper main beam and the lower main beam to set loads.
2. The crane load testing device of claim 1 further comprising a mounting bracket for supporting the lower main beam.
3. The crane load testing device of claim 1, wherein the support comprises a base, a joist, and a hinge, the base is mounted on the lower main beam, the upper main beam is carried on the joist, and the base and the joist are hinged by the hinge.
4. The crane load testing device according to claim 3, wherein the support further comprises a first limiting pressing plate, the first limiting pressing plate is mounted on the joist, two groups of the first limiting pressing plates are arranged on the joist at intervals, and the upper main beam is limited between the two groups of the first limiting pressing plates.
5. The crane load testing device according to claim 3, wherein the support further comprises a second limiting pressing plate, the second limiting pressing plate is mounted on the base, two sets of the second limiting pressing plates are arranged at intervals on the base, and the lower main beam is limited between the two sets of the second limiting pressing plates.
6. The crane load testing device according to claim 1, wherein the counter-pulling mechanism comprises a driving member and a connecting member, the driving member is mounted on the upper main beam, the connecting member connects the driving member and the lower main beam, and the driving member drives the connecting member to lift the lower main beam.
7. The crane load testing device of claim 6 wherein the driving member is a through-center jack and the connecting member is a prestressed reinforcement.
8. A crane load test method using the crane load test apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
the lower main beams are installed on the ground, and then transverse connection among the lower main beams is installed;
mounting the support on the top of the lower main beam;
installing the upper girder on the support, and aligning the upper girder with the lower girder;
when a lifting load test of the crown block is simulated, installing a distribution beam at the bottom of the lower main beam at a position corresponding to the crown block, and lifting the distribution beam to a set load by the crown block;
when the full-span full-suspension load test is simulated, the opposite-pulling mechanism is connected with the upper girder and the lower girder, and the opposite-pulling mechanism contracts to opposite-pull the upper girder and the lower girder to set loads.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein before the step of installing the lower girders on the ground and then installing the cross-section between the lower girders, further comprising:
and flattening the foundation treatment of the installation area, and enabling the foundation bearing capacity of the installation area to meet the requirement.
10. The method according to claim 8, wherein the support comprises a base, a joist and a hinge shaft, the base is mounted on the lower main beam, the upper main beam is supported on the joist, and the base and the joist are hinged by the hinge shaft;
the support is installed in after the girder down install the spacing clamp plate of second on the base, will the spacing lock of girder down is in two sets of between the spacing clamp plate of second, go up the girder install in after on the support install first spacing clamp plate on the joist, will go up the spacing lock of girder is in two sets of between the spacing clamp plate of first.
CN202111447903.0A 2021-11-29 2021-11-29 Crane load test device and load test method Active CN114136681B (en)

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CN114136681B true CN114136681B (en) 2023-07-25

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CN201000411Y (en) * 2006-09-13 2008-01-02 同济大学 Static force loading device for tool type concrete beam
KR200469925Y1 (en) * 2009-09-22 2013-11-15 대우조선해양 주식회사 Lifting lug load test apparatus
CN102620982A (en) * 2012-03-28 2012-08-01 三峡大学 Concrete beam reverse loading test device
CN203373014U (en) * 2013-07-25 2014-01-01 杭州市特种设备检测院 Static load loading apparatus of overhead and gantry crane
CN204255765U (en) * 2014-11-17 2015-04-08 宝鸡石油机械有限责任公司 A kind of load test device of structural member otic placode
CN106501014A (en) * 2016-09-21 2017-03-15 同济大学 Vertical load testing machine for domain tunnel structure
CN108918115A (en) * 2018-06-05 2018-11-30 杭州市特种设备检测研究院 Bridge crane no-load load testing machine and method
CN109540574B (en) * 2019-01-18 2023-11-10 中国水利水电第三工程局有限公司 Large-scale door machine load test device and method

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