CN114136482A - Ultrasonic and temperature coupled rolling bearing outer ring raceway surface temperature measuring method - Google Patents
Ultrasonic and temperature coupled rolling bearing outer ring raceway surface temperature measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114136482A CN114136482A CN202111470814.8A CN202111470814A CN114136482A CN 114136482 A CN114136482 A CN 114136482A CN 202111470814 A CN202111470814 A CN 202111470814A CN 114136482 A CN114136482 A CN 114136482A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/22—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using measurement of acoustic effects
- G01K11/24—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using measurement of acoustic effects of the velocity of propagation of sound
Abstract
An ultrasonic and temperature coupled rolling bearing outer ring raceway surface temperature measuring method comprises the steps of measuring and calculating the average speed of ultrasonic signals transmitted inside a rolling bearing outer ring under a certain working condition through an ultrasonic sensor, and obtaining the average temperature inside the rolling bearing outer ring under the working condition by combining the linear relation between the acoustic transmission speed and the temperature in a rolling bearing outer ring material; meanwhile, the temperature of the surface of the outer ring of the rolling bearing is obtained through a temperature sensor, and finally the temperature of the raceway of the outer ring of the bearing under the working condition is obtained; the invention realizes the measurement of the surface temperature of the raceway of the outer ring of the rolling bearing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nondestructive inspection, and particularly relates to an ultrasonic and temperature coupled rolling bearing outer ring raceway surface temperature measuring method.
Background
Rolling bearings are widely used in various rotary machines because of their advantages of low frictional resistance, high mechanical efficiency, high accuracy, etc. The working performance of the rolling bearing influences the running state of the whole rotary machine to a great extent, and when the running state of the inside of the rolling bearing is poor, the whole machine even fails or is damaged. The running state of the inside of the bearing can directly reflect the temperature of the raceway of the outer ring of the bearing, and the running state of the inside of the bearing contains the comprehensive influence of various factors such as the contact state of the rolling bodies and the raceway, lubrication and the like, so that the surface temperature of the raceway of the outer ring of the rolling bearing is measured, and the running state of the rolling bearing is very important to know.
In the current temperature measuring means, if a temperature sensor is independently adopted for measurement, the surface temperature of the outer ring of the rolling bearing can only be measured, but the sensor is arranged in the rolling bearing for measurement, the structure of the rolling bearing can be damaged, and the measuring result is lack of accuracy and cannot be applied to engineering practice. The temperature of the outer ring raceway of the rolling bearing cannot be measured under the condition of no damage to the rolling bearing only by adopting a temperature measuring means, and the rolling bearing can be measured under the condition of no damage by adopting an ultrasonic measuring means, but the result has no direct relation with the temperature.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide an ultrasonic and temperature coupled rolling bearing outer ring raceway surface temperature measuring method, which realizes the measurement of the rolling bearing outer ring raceway surface temperature.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
an ultrasonic and temperature coupled rolling bearing outer ring raceway surface temperature measuring method comprises the steps of measuring and calculating the average speed of ultrasonic signals transmitted inside a rolling bearing outer ring under a certain working condition through an ultrasonic sensor, and obtaining the average temperature inside the rolling bearing outer ring under the working condition by combining the linear relation between the acoustic transmission speed and the temperature in a rolling bearing outer ring material; and meanwhile, the temperature of the surface of the outer ring of the rolling bearing is obtained through a temperature sensor, and finally the temperature of the raceway of the outer ring of the bearing under the working condition is obtained.
An ultrasonic and temperature coupled rolling bearing outer ring raceway surface temperature measuring method comprises the following steps:
1) selection and placement of ultrasonic sensors and temperature sensors:
the ultrasonic sensor selects a direct sensor, the size of the ultrasonic sensor is related to the size of the outer ring of the rolling bearing, and the diameter of the contact surface of the ultrasonic sensor is smaller than the width of the outer ring of the rolling bearing;
the ultrasonic sensor selects a high-temperature resistant sensor, and the temperature resistance limit of the ultrasonic sensor is over 200 ℃;
the temperature sensor is selected according to the ultrasonic sensor, and the size of the temperature sensor is close to that of the ultrasonic sensor;
the ultrasonic sensor is contacted with the outer ring of the rolling bearing through a high-temperature-resistant coupling agent, and the temperature sensor is attached to the surface of the outer ring of the bearing and positioned at the side of the ultrasonic sensor;
2) acquiring an ultrasonic reflection echo signal and obtaining ultrasonic propagation time:
after the ultrasonic signal reaches the surface of the outer ring raceway of the rolling bearing, multiple reflections occur, the ultrasonic sensor receives the reflection echo of the ultrasonic signal, and the transmitted wave and the multiple reflection echoes are displayed on an oscilloscope; utilizing an oscilloscope to display and store reflected echoes, processing the reflected echoes, intercepting signal segments of the first four reflected echoes, selecting corresponding peak values in all the reflected echoes, taking the first two reflected echoes as an example, selecting the difference t between the time abscissa of the peak value of the first reflected echo and the time abscissa of the corresponding peak value of the second reflected echo, namely the transmission time of sound waves in the process of an ultrasonic sensor-an outer ring of a rolling bearing-an ultrasonic sensor, and the propagation time t of the sound waves from the surface of an outer ring of the rolling bearing to the surface of an outer ring raceway0＝t/2；
The lowest sampling frequency of the oscilloscope needs to reach more than 1 GHz;
3) obtaining the surface and the average temperature of the outer ring of the rolling bearing:
obtaining the temperature of the surface of the outer ring of the rolling bearing through a temperature sensor;
according to the propagation time t of sound waves from the outer ring surface of the rolling bearing to the surface of the outer ring raceway0And obtaining the thickness L of the outer ring of the rolling bearing according to the model of the rolling bearing to be measured, and calculating the propagation speed of sound waves in the inner part of the outer ring of the rolling bearing:
v＝L/t0
the outer ring of the rolling bearing is made of an isotropic bearing steel material, and the wave speed is expressed as a function of the medium temperature:
v(T)＝aT+b
wherein a and b are coefficients in a wave velocity formula; rollerThe temperature from the raceway of the outer ring of the movable bearing to the outer surface is considered to be linear distribution along the thickness direction, so the average temperature T in the rolling bearing is obtained through the formula0；
4) Calculating the surface temperature of the raceway of the outer ring of the rolling bearing:
obtaining the surface temperature T of the outer ring of the rolling bearing by using a temperature sensor1Combined with calculated average temperature T inside outer ring of rolling bearing0Obtaining the temperature T of the outer ring raceway of the rolling bearing;
in the step 2), the sound time is calculated by using the signal peak value, and in order to ensure the accuracy of the sound time calculation, a plurality of peak values in the signal are respectively calculated and subjected to data averaging processing.
In the step 2), an oscilloscope with the sampling frequency of 2.5GHz or above is used, so that the calculation precision during sound is high enough, and the sound is more sensitive to the change along with the sound velocity.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a test method for measuring the surface temperature of the raceway of the outer ring of the rolling bearing under multiple working conditions, and the method has the following characteristics: firstly, the requirements of using an ultrasonic sensor and a temperature sensor are given according to the difference of the structure and working condition parameters of the rolling bearing to be measured; secondly, the ultrasonic sensor in the invention adopts a high-temperature-resistant coupling agent to contact with the outer ring of the rolling bearing, and the average temperature inside the outer ring of the rolling bearing can be obtained through measurement and calculation; thirdly, the sound time measurement calculation is completed by combining an oscilloscope with ultrahigh sampling frequency and a sound time measurement method utilizing a peak value, the ultrahigh sampling frequency of the oscilloscope provides enough precision for the time coordinate of a signal, a quick and effective sound time calculation mode is provided by utilizing the sound time measurement method of the peak value, and the combination of the oscilloscope with the sound time measurement method can complete quick and accurate sound time measurement; fourthly, the invention combines the ultrasonic measurement means and the temperature measurement means to comprehensively obtain the calculation analysis method of the surface temperature of the raceway of the outer ring of the rolling bearing.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the location of an ultrasonic sensor and a temperature sensor of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of an ultrasound signal of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
An ultrasonic and temperature coupled rolling bearing outer ring raceway surface temperature measuring method comprises the following steps:
1) selection and placement of ultrasonic sensors and temperature sensors:
the ultrasonic sensor selects a direct sensor, the size of the ultrasonic sensor is related to the size of the outer ring of the rolling bearing, and the diameter of the contact surface of the ultrasonic sensor is smaller than the width of the outer ring of the rolling bearing;
the frequency of the ultrasonic sensor is related to the size of the rolling bearing to be measured, when the thickness of the outer ring of the rolling bearing is not more than 10mm and the width is not more than 20mm, the transmitting frequency of 5MHz or 10MHz can be selected, and the diameter of the contact surface is 3-12 mm; when the thickness of the outer ring of the rolling bearing is more than 10mm, in order to obtain obvious ultrasonic signal reflection echoes and facilitate the placement of an ultrasonic sensor, a sensor with the transmitting frequency of 5MHz or less and the diameter of a contact surface of not more than 20mm is selected;
the ultrasonic sensor selects a high-temperature-resistant sensor to meet the temperature measurement of the outer ring of the rolling bearing under different rotating speeds and different running time conditions; in order to ensure that the average temperature inside the outer ring is measured under the condition that the heating value of the rolling bearing is extremely large (relative extreme conditions such as ultra-long operation time, extremely fast working rotating speed and the like), the temperature resistance limit of the ultrasonic sensor is over 200 ℃;
the temperature sensor is selected according to the ultrasonic sensor, and the size of the temperature sensor is close to that of the ultrasonic sensor;
as shown in fig. 1, an ultrasonic sensor 2 is contacted with a rolling bearing outer ring 1 through a high-temperature resistant couplant, and a temperature sensor 3 is attached to the outer surface of the rolling bearing outer ring 1 and positioned at the side of the ultrasonic sensor 2;
2) acquiring an ultrasonic reflection echo signal and obtaining ultrasonic propagation time:
after the ultrasonic wave is transmitted to the surface of the outer ring raceway of the rolling bearing, multiple reflections occur, the sensor receives the reflected echo of the rolling bearing, and the transmitted echo and the multiple reflected echoes are displayed on an oscilloscope;
utilizing an oscilloscope to display and store reflected echoes, processing the reflected echoes, intercepting signal segments of the first four times of obvious reflected echoes, selecting corresponding peak values in each reflected echo, taking the first reflected wave and the second reflected wave as an example, the difference t between the time abscissa of the peak value of the first reflected echo and the time abscissa of the corresponding peak value of the second reflected echo, namely the transmission time of sound waves in the process of an ultrasonic sensor, an outer ring of a rolling bearing and an ultrasonic sensor, and the propagation time t of the sound waves from the surface of the outer ring of the rolling bearing to the surface of an outer ring raceway0＝t/2；
The reflected echoes of the ultrasonic wave in this embodiment are shown in fig. 2, the division amplitudes of the reflected echoes are different, the signal shapes are similar, and the time difference t between the first reflected echo and the n +1 th reflected echo of the second and third times … can be calculated from the time coordinates of the maximum peak in the reflected echoes as the reference1，t2…tnThe transmission time t of the ultrasonic signal in the outer ring of the rolling bearing is
The sound time calculation is carried out by utilizing the signal peak value, in order to ensure the accuracy of the sound time calculation, a plurality of peak values in the signal are respectively calculated, and data averaging processing is carried out, so that the calculation precision is improved, and the calculation error is reduced;
when sound waves are transmitted in the outer ring of the rolling bearing, the transmission speed reaches several kilometers per second, and in order to ensure the accuracy of sound time data, the sampling frequency of the oscilloscope is required to be more than 1GHz at minimum; in the embodiment, an oscilloscope with the sampling frequency of 2.5GHz or above is used, so that the calculation precision during sound is high enough, and the sound is more sensitive to the change along with the sound velocity;
3) obtaining the surface and the average temperature of the outer ring of the rolling bearing:
obtaining the temperature of the surface of the outer ring of the rolling bearing through a temperature sensor;
according to the propagation time t of sound waves from the outer ring surface of the rolling bearing to the surface of the outer ring raceway0And obtaining the thickness L of the outer ring of the rolling bearing according to the model of the rolling bearing to be measured, and calculating the propagation speed of the sound wave in the inner part of the outer ring of the rolling bearing from the thickness L:
v＝L/t0
the outer ring of the rolling bearing is made of an isotropic bearing steel material, and in this type of medium, the wave velocity can be expressed as a function of the temperature of the medium:
v(T)＝aT+b
wherein a and b are coefficients in a wave velocity formula; due to the structural characteristics of the outer ring of the rolling bearing, the thickness of the outer ring of the rolling bearing is very small compared with the diameter of the outer ring of the rolling bearing, the temperature gradient in the thickness direction is not obvious, and the internal temperature distribution can be considered as linear distribution, so that the average temperature T in the rolling bearing can be obtained through the formula0；
4) Calculating the surface temperature of the raceway of the outer ring of the rolling bearing:
obtaining the surface temperature T of the outer ring of the rolling bearing by using a temperature sensor1The average temperature T inside the outer ring of the rolling bearing obtained by combining the above calculation0The temperature T of the raceway of the bearing outer ring can be obtained.
Claims (4)
1. An ultrasonic and temperature coupled rolling bearing outer ring raceway surface temperature measuring method is characterized in that: the average speed of ultrasonic signals transmitted inside the outer ring of the rolling bearing under a certain working condition is measured and calculated through an ultrasonic sensor, and the average temperature of the inside of the outer ring of the rolling bearing under the working condition is obtained by combining the linear relation between the sound transmission speed and the temperature in the material of the outer ring of the rolling bearing; and meanwhile, the temperature of the surface of the outer ring of the rolling bearing is obtained through a temperature sensor, and finally the temperature of the raceway of the outer ring of the bearing under the working condition is obtained.
2. An ultrasonic and temperature coupled rolling bearing outer ring raceway surface temperature measuring method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) selection and placement of ultrasonic sensors and temperature sensors:
the ultrasonic sensor selects a direct sensor, the size of the ultrasonic sensor is related to the size of the outer ring of the rolling bearing, and the diameter of the contact surface of the ultrasonic sensor is smaller than the width of the outer ring of the rolling bearing;
the ultrasonic sensor selects a high-temperature resistant sensor, and the temperature resistance limit of the ultrasonic sensor is over 200 ℃;
the temperature sensor is selected according to the ultrasonic sensor, and the size of the temperature sensor is close to that of the ultrasonic sensor;
the ultrasonic sensor is contacted with the outer ring of the rolling bearing through a high-temperature-resistant coupling agent, and the temperature sensor is attached to the surface of the outer ring of the bearing and positioned at the side of the ultrasonic sensor;
2) acquiring an ultrasonic reflection echo signal and obtaining ultrasonic propagation time:
after the ultrasonic signal reaches the surface of the outer ring raceway of the rolling bearing, multiple reflections occur, the ultrasonic sensor receives the reflection echo of the ultrasonic signal, and the transmitted wave and the multiple reflection echoes are displayed on an oscilloscope; utilizing an oscilloscope to display and store reflected echoes, processing the reflected echoes, intercepting signal segments of the four previous obvious reflected echoes, selecting corresponding peak values in each reflected echo, selecting the difference t between the time abscissa of the peak value of the first reflected echo and the time abscissa of the corresponding peak value of the second reflected echo, namely the transmission time of sound waves in the process of an ultrasonic sensor-an outer ring of a rolling bearing-the ultrasonic sensor, and the propagation time t of the sound waves from the surface of the outer ring of the rolling bearing to the surface of a raceway of the outer ring0＝t/2；
The lowest sampling frequency of the oscilloscope needs to reach more than 1 GHz;
3) obtaining the surface and the average temperature of the outer ring of the rolling bearing:
obtaining the temperature of the surface of the outer ring of the rolling bearing through a temperature sensor;
according to the travel time of sound waves from the outer ring surface of the rolling bearing to the surface of the outer ring racewayt0And obtaining the thickness L of the outer ring of the rolling bearing according to the model of the rolling bearing to be measured, and calculating the propagation speed of sound waves in the inner part of the outer ring of the rolling bearing:
v＝L/t0
the outer ring of the rolling bearing is made of an isotropic bearing steel material, and the wave speed is expressed as a function of the medium temperature:
v(T)＝aT+b
wherein a and b are coefficients in a wave velocity formula; the temperature from the raceway of the outer ring of the rolling bearing to the outer surface is considered to be linearly distributed along the thickness direction, so the average temperature T in the rolling bearing is obtained through the formula0；
4) Calculating the surface temperature of the raceway of the outer ring of the rolling bearing:
obtaining the surface temperature T of the outer ring of the rolling bearing by using a temperature sensor1Combined with calculated average temperature T inside outer ring of rolling bearing0Obtaining the temperature T of the outer ring raceway of the rolling bearing;
3. the method of claim 2, wherein: in the step 2), the sound time is calculated by using the signal peak value, and in order to ensure the accuracy of the sound time calculation, a plurality of peak values in the signal are respectively calculated and subjected to data averaging processing.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein: in the step 2), an oscilloscope with the sampling frequency of 2.5GHz or above is used, so that the calculation precision during sound is high enough, and the sound is more sensitive to the change along with the sound velocity.
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2021
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