CN114136435B - Wireless portable expansion type railway vehicle structure noise measurement system and method - Google Patents
Wireless portable expansion type railway vehicle structure noise measurement system and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of structural noise measurement, and provides a wireless portable expansion type railway vehicle structural noise measurement system and method, wherein the system comprises the following components: the system comprises a noise measurement unit, an expansion bracket unit and a data processing terminal; the noise measurement unit includes: the device comprises a noise measurement module, a sensor space positioning module, a power module, a signal conditioner, a main control MCU module, a noise measurement unit rear cover, a noise measurement unit back clamp and a circuit board; the noise measurement module includes: a sound pressure sensor and a signal conditioner for noise measurement; the sound pressure sensor is used for collecting noise signals, and the signal conditioner is used for amplifying the electrical signals of the sound wave signals collected by the sound pressure sensor; the sound pressure sensor, the signal conditioner, the sensor space positioning module, the power module and the signal conditioner are respectively and electrically connected with the main control MCU module. The invention has the advantages of convenient use, simple system arrangement and improved detection efficiency and detection accuracy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of structural noise measurement, in particular to a wireless portable expansion type railway vehicle structural noise measurement system and method.
Background
Structural noise is noise generated by vibration of the structure, the physical and psychological health of people can be seriously affected by the fact that the noise value is too large, and currently, in the field of structural noise measurement, a main measurement method is usually considered from the aspects of reducing sound sources and on-site measurement. Taking the noise measurement outside and inside the train as an example, the noise in the train is related to the wind speed along the line, the road condition along the line and the environmental background noise. The measurement mode in the train is mainly that the sensor arranged in the train carriage measures and the external equipment measures, and the excessively high noise can cause uncomfortable feeling to the hearing of the passengers, so that the accurate monitoring of the noise value in the measuring train is necessary; the in-vehicle measurement adopts a measurement positioning technology, and the difference condition of noise values at different positions can be obtained. In addition, the measurement outside the train is also an important mode, the measurement outside the train is mainly carried out by adopting erection measuring equipment, and objective and real data reference can be provided for the development of subsequent research on the on-site noise measurement outside the train. When the noise measurement is carried out in the train running process, the sound pressure signal is measured, so that the values of sound pressure level, sound intensity and sound power are obtained. In order to achieve measurement accuracy, and meanwhile, to ensure measurement accuracy, objective measurement and timely processing of noise data are achieved, and the method has important significance for developing follow-up researches.
The patent railway train noise measurement and analysis method (200910169986.4) is used for measuring and processing and analyzing noise in railway train. The acceleration sensor can adopt a three-way acceleration sensor which comprises a quick fixing mechanism and is used for measuring horizontal transverse direction, longitudinal direction and vertical direction, the acceleration sensor is arranged near the contact point of the secondary suspension and the bogie, the contact point is arranged on the side beam of the bogie of the dry vehicle, and the noise excitation load in the vehicle can be obtained through the acceleration sensor arranged outside the vehicle. The speed sensor may be located at any position of the car for measuring the speed of operation of the train car in real time. The navigation positioning device adopts a GPS navigator, can be arranged at any position in a carriage and is used for obtaining the geographic and environmental conditions including bridges, tunnels and the like along the railway; the sound pressure sensors are distributed on the central axis of the carriage in the length direction, and generally about 10 sound pressure sensors are used for acquiring the noise pressure value inside the carriage. In the seat carriage, the distribution setting height of the sound pressure sensor is 1.2m and 1.6m from the bottom in the carriage, namely two heights of the ears of a person when sitting and standing. In the sleeper carriage, the distribution setting height of the sound pressure sensor is 08m-12m away from the bottom in the carriage, namely, the two heights of the ears of a passenger when sitting and lying. The above-mentioned various sensors can be connected with a quick fixing device for fixing the sensor in various measuring positions. The quick fixing device can comprise a magnetic fixing mechanism, an adsorption fixing device and a buckling fixing mechanism. The sensors of various types are connected with a transmission module, the transmission module is an Ethernet transmission module and a wireless transmission module, and the data acquisition processing terminal is connected with the transmission module and obtains measurement analysis results including railway line information, running speed and noise pressure values through the transmission module. The method for measuring and analyzing the noise in the train of the railway is high in cost and complex in process; the process of performing an experiment requires a very complicated preparation stage, and it is difficult to complete the laying, debugging and testing of the equipment in a short time for the noise measurement in the vehicle.
The patent environment noise measuring instrument (CN 201020143967.2) with GPS positioning and other functions comprises a PDA module, wherein the PDA module is externally connected with a digital-to-analog converter, a GPS module, an MP3 module display screen and an SD card GPS module, the GPS module is externally connected with a GPS antenna, a microphone is further included, output signals of the microphone are connected into the digital-to-analog converter through a preamplifier, the PDA module is externally connected with a GPRS or CDM module through a buffer memory, and the GPRS or CDMA module is externally connected with a transmitting antenna. The position accuracy of the sensor is insufficient, and indoor noise measurement is difficult to achieve. GPRS is adopted to send to the receiving terminal set up by the environmental monitoring station or scientific research unit, and GPS is adopted to locate the monitoring point, but the existing problem is very obvious, the precision of the civil GPS can only reach the decimeter level at present, and the precision can not reach the condition of accurate measurement far. Meanwhile, GPS positioning is difficult to realize indoor positioning operation. Therefore, the application range is greatly limited, and the application scene of measurement is very limited. At the same time, the precision is not accurate
Furthermore, the prior art has the disadvantages:
1. the measurement steps are cumbersome. At present, a method applied to a real vehicle experiment is mentioned in a paper of in-vehicle noise analysis and control research published in 2 months 2009 in the fourth volume of the second period of agricultural machinery journal, and an author tests in-vehicle noise of an automobile according to national standard GB/T18697-2002 to obtain influence data of speed, gear and rotating speed on in-vehicle noise. For another example, patent application number 200910169986.4: in the method and system for measuring and analyzing the noise in the train, the noise level along the railway is comprehensively analyzed by comprehensively processing the information, the speed and the pressure value along the railway outside the carriage. The noise measurement arrangement in the technology is complex, the equipment is not easy to carry, the one-time measurement process is very complex, and the two-time measurement is difficult to realize in a short time.
2. The sensor position accuracy is not enough, and indoor noise measurement is difficult to realize. For example, CN201020143967.2, an environmental noise measuring instrument with functions of GPS positioning and the like, uses GPRS to send to a receiving terminal set by an environmental monitoring station or a scientific research unit, and uses GPS to position a monitoring point, but the problem is quite obvious, and at present, the precision of civil GPS can only reach the decimeter level, and the precision is far from reaching the condition of accurate measurement. Meanwhile, GPS positioning is difficult to realize indoor positioning operation. Therefore, the application range is greatly limited, and the application scene of measurement is very limited. Meanwhile, the precision is not accurate.
3. The deployment workload is large and the deployment is not easy to carry. Various methods for measuring the noise values inside and outside the vehicle are disclosed in the prior art, but due to the specificity of the train, the accuracy of the measured data is considered, and the feasibility of the experiment is considered. Simply considering all data ignores the feasibility of the experiment. Meanwhile, in the existing equipment, a very complicated preparation stage is needed for performing an experiment, and for in-car noise measurement, the invention patent with application number of 200910169986.4: the method for measuring and analyzing the noise in the railway train and the system thereof have the defects of high cost and complicated process. It is difficult to complete the laying, debugging and testing of the equipment in a short time.
4. When the number of sensors is large, sensor deployment is time consuming. The invention patent of application number 200910169986.4 relates to various sensors, and the arrangement of the various sensors needs to be rearranged each time when the sensor is used, so that the measurement cannot be completed flexibly.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly solves the technical problems of complicated structure noise measurement, large deployment workload, incapability of timely obtaining microphone measurement position coordinates and the like in the prior art, and provides a wireless portable expansion type railway vehicle structure noise measurement system and method, which are convenient to use, simple in system arrangement and capable of improving detection efficiency and detection accuracy.
The invention provides a wireless portable expansion type railway vehicle structural noise measuring system, which comprises: the system comprises a noise measurement unit, an expansion bracket unit and a data processing terminal;
the noise measurement unit includes: the device comprises a noise measurement module, a sensor space positioning module, a power module, a signal conditioner, a main control MCU module, a noise measurement unit rear cover, a noise measurement unit back clamp and a circuit board;
the noise measuring module, the sensor space positioning module, the power module, the signal conditioner, the main control MCU module and the switch are respectively arranged on the circuit board;
the noise measurement module includes: a sound pressure sensor and a signal conditioner for noise measurement; the sound pressure sensor is used for collecting noise signals, and the signal conditioner is used for amplifying the electrical signals of the sound wave signals collected by the sound pressure sensor;
the sound pressure sensor, the signal conditioner, the sensor space positioning module, the power supply module and the signal conditioner are respectively and electrically connected with the main control MCU module; the main control MCU module is in signal connection with the data processing terminal through Bluetooth transmission signals;
the circuit board is arranged in the rear cover of the noise measuring unit through a fixing bolt; the bottom surface of the noise measurement unit rear cover is provided with a noise measurement unit back clamp which is used for being connected with the expansion bracket unit;
the expandable stent unit includes: noise measurement unit mounting rack and tripod;
the noise measurement unit mounting frame includes: the device comprises a mounting bracket vertical plate, an upper telescopic rod, a right telescopic rod, an angle adjusting knob and a left telescopic rod;
the mounting bracket riser is rotatably arranged above the tripod bracket, and is provided with an angle adjusting knob, and the angle of the mounting bracket riser is adjusted through the angle adjusting knob; two ends of the mounting frame vertical plate are symmetrically provided with a plurality of right telescopic rods and left telescopic rods respectively;
the right telescopic rod and the left telescopic rod are respectively provided with an upper telescopic rod, and are respectively fastened with the upper telescopic rod through fastening screws;
preferably, the circuit board is disposed inside the noise measuring unit rear cover by a fixing bolt.
Preferably, a switch is further arranged on the circuit board.
Preferably, an antenna mounting hole is reserved on the rear cover of the noise measurement unit, and an antenna is mounted on the antenna mounting hole.
Preferably, the noise measuring unit rear cover is provided with a noise measuring unit cover plate in a matched mode.
Preferably, the tripod is provided with a bracket assembly hole;
the mounting frame riser is inserted into the bracket assembly hole.
Preferably, the tripod has a tripod adjustment knob.
Preferably, the sensor space positioning module adopts UWB wireless positioning technology.
Correspondingly, the invention also provides a noise measurement method of the wireless portable expansion type railway vehicle structure noise measurement system, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step S1, determining a measuring surface, and arranging a single noise measuring unit mounting frame or a plurality of noise measuring unit mounting frames at different positions according to the measuring area requirement; three non-coplanar noise measurement units for positioning are deployed on each noise measurement unit mounting frame, and the three noise measurement units for positioning serve as UWB positioning base stations;
step S2, unfolding the noise measurement unit mounting frame to a use state, and adjusting the height and the measurement angle of the tripod;
step S3, selecting a noise measuring unit for measurement, placing the noise measuring units for measurement on a single noise measuring unit mounting frame or a plurality of noise measuring unit mounting frames at different positions according to an equidistant arrangement mode, and starting the noise measuring units for measurement;
step S4, a sensor space positioning module of the noise measuring unit used for measuring is used as an UWB signal tag, the UWB signal tag carries out information interaction with three UWB positioning base stations, three-dimensional position coordinates of each noise measuring unit are obtained, and signals are transmitted to a data processing terminal;
step S5, starting the data processing terminal, starting a switch of a noise measuring unit, and enabling the noise measuring unit to enter a self-checking process: the sensor space positioning module, the noise measuring module and the power supply module are subjected to self-checking in sequence, if the sensor space positioning module, the noise measuring module and the power supply module can work normally, if any one of the modules fails, the error is reported to the main control MCU module, and meanwhile, the power supply module can automatically feed back the electric quantity condition;
step S6, starting a measurement process, acquiring an electric signal transmitted by a Bluetooth transmission module in the main control MCU module by the data processing terminal, converting the electric signal to obtain a sound pressure signal by the data processing terminal, obtaining a sound pressure level value according to a sound pressure and sound pressure level relation formula, and acquiring an accurate sound pressure level value through weighting processing by using the following formula:
wherein n represents the number of noise measurement modules;
representing a sound pressure level value; />
Representing the weighted sound pressure level.
Preferably, after step S6, the method further includes:
and S7, the data processing terminal acquires an accurate sound pressure level value, transmits the accurate sound pressure level value to the data processing terminal client, and outputs a final data display result.
The wireless portable expansion type rail vehicle structure noise measuring system and method provided by the invention have the following advantages compared with the prior art:
1. the expansion bracket unit can realize storage, rapid arrangement and rapid measurement of noise level of a region to be measured before and after use, and can also realize simultaneous multi-microphone measurement. And the sizes of various sensors and the main control ECU are small, so that the rapid storage arrangement can be realized. The expansion bracket unit can automatically adjust different heights and angles to measure, and can obtain more scientific, rapid and accurate noise data quantity.
2. The sensor space positioning module adopts UWB wireless positioning technology. The adopted UWB technology is an ultra-wideband communication technology, has the advantages of strong anti-interference capability, high transmission rate and large system capacity, and can scientifically, conveniently and rapidly measure noise level and microphone measurement position coordinates. The rapid arrangement is realized, and the time saving of personnel arrangement is realized.
3. And (3) carrying out space three-dimensional positioning through the UWB signal tag to obtain the position coordinates of the measured noise signals. And the position coordinates of a plurality of noise signals can be obtained simultaneously by arranging a plurality of UWB signal tags, manual measurement is not needed, and meanwhile, the adopted measuring device is convenient to use and simple to arrange, and meanwhile, the three-dimensional coordinates of each measured point can be directly obtained, so that the detection efficiency and the detection accuracy are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an exploded view of a noise measurement unit provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the connection of the noise measurement unit provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an expanded front view of an expanded stent unit provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an expanded front view of a tripod according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a storage view of the tripod bracket provided by the present invention;
fig. 6 is a storage diagram of a noise measurement unit mounting frame and a tripod;
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of a wireless portable expanded rail vehicle structural noise measurement method provided by the invention;
FIG. 8 is a data processing flow chart of the wireless portable expanded rail vehicle structural noise measurement method provided by the invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a wireless portable expanded field structure noise measurement system;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a multi-measurement shelf mode system.
Reference numerals: a mounting rack riser 1; an upper telescopic rod 2; a fastening screw 3; a right telescopic rod 4; an angle adjusting knob 5; a tripod bracket adjustment knob 6; a tripod 7; a noise measurement unit mounting frame 8; a left telescopic rod 9; a bracket assembly hole 10; a noise measurement unit cover plate 11; a noise measurement module 12; a sensor space positioning module 13; a power module 14; a signal conditioner 15; a main control MCU module 16; an antenna 17; an antenna mounting hole 18; a switch 19; a noise measurement unit rear cover 20; a noise measurement unit back clip 21; a fixing bolt 22; a circuit board 23.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems solved by the invention, the technical scheme adopted and the technical effects achieved clearer, the invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the embodiments. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting thereof. It should be further noted that, for convenience of description, only some, but not all of the matters related to the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
The embodiment of the invention provides a wireless portable expansion type railway vehicle structure noise measuring system, which comprises: the system comprises a noise measurement unit, an expansion bracket unit and a data processing terminal;
as shown in fig. 1-2, the noise measurement unit includes: the device comprises a noise measurement module 12, a sensor space positioning module 13, a power supply module 14, a signal conditioner 15, a main control MCU module 16, a noise measurement unit back cover 20, a noise measurement unit back clamp 21 and a circuit board 23;
the noise measurement module 12, the sensor space positioning module 13, the power module 14, the signal conditioner 15, the main control MCU module 16 and the switch 19 are respectively arranged on the circuit board 23; the circuit board 23 is disposed inside the noise measuring unit rear cover 20 by the fixing bolts 22.
The noise measurement module 12 includes: a sound pressure sensor and a signal conditioner for noise measurement; the sound pressure sensor is used for collecting noise signals, and the signal conditioner is used for amplifying the sound wave signals collected by the sound pressure sensor to electric signals so as to improve measurement accuracy.
The sound pressure sensor, the signal conditioner, the sensor space positioning module 13, the power module 14 and the signal conditioner 15 are respectively and electrically connected with the main control MCU module 16; the main control MCU module 16 is in signal connection with a data processing terminal through Bluetooth transmission signals; the data processing terminal can adopt a raspberry group microcomputer, an industrial personal computer or a computer. The system adopts a wireless transmission mode, so that the system is more convenient to arrange.
The circuit board 23 is arranged inside the noise measuring unit rear cover 20 through the fixing bolt 22; the bottom surface of the noise measurement unit rear cover 20 is provided with a noise measurement unit back clamp 21, and the noise measurement unit back clamp 21 is used for being connected with the expansion bracket unit, so that the noise measurement unit can be clamped at any position of the noise measurement unit mounting frame 8.
The circuit board 23 is also provided with a switch 19. An antenna mounting hole 18 is formed in the rear cover 20 of the noise measuring unit, and an antenna 17 is mounted on the antenna mounting hole 18 and used for transmitting signals with the outside.
The noise measuring unit rear cover 20 is provided with a noise measuring unit cover plate 11 in a matched mode, and the noise measuring unit cover plate is used for protecting components.
The measuring range can be manually adjusted by the expanding bracket unit. As shown in fig. 3-4, the expanded stent unit includes: a noise measurement unit mounting frame 8 and a tripod bracket 7;
the noise measurement unit mounting frame 8 includes: the device comprises a mounting bracket vertical plate 1, an upper telescopic rod 2, a right telescopic rod 4, an angle adjusting knob 5 and a left telescopic rod 9;
the mounting frame riser 1 is rotatably arranged above the tripod bracket 7 and is provided with an angle adjusting knob 5, and the angle of the mounting frame riser 1 is adjusted through the angle adjusting knob 5, so that the measuring angle of the noise measuring unit mounting frame 8 can be adjusted;
specifically, the tripod 7 is provided with a bracket assembly hole 10; the mounting riser 1 is inserted into the bracket assembly hole 10. The tripod 7 has a tripod adjusting knob 6. The tripod bracket 7 can realize the adjustment of different heights and the measurement of different heights. The measuring range of the expanding bracket unit is manually adjusted through a tripod bracket adjusting knob 6.
Two ends of the mounting frame vertical plate 1 are symmetrically provided with a plurality of right telescopic rods 4 and left telescopic rods 9 respectively, and the right telescopic rods and the left telescopic rods are used for adjusting the placement positions of the noise measuring units;
the right telescopic rod 4 and the left telescopic rod 9 are respectively provided with an upper telescopic rod 2, and the right telescopic rod 4 and the left telescopic rod 9 are respectively fastened with the upper telescopic rod 2 through fastening screws 3;
the noise measurement unit mounting frame 8 adopts the scheme of network structure, can realize that measurement area is bigger, simultaneously, can realize more sensor space location module 13, makes measuring result more accurate and objective, adopts telescopic link structure simultaneously, and is small, light in weight, can realize convenient measuring effect. The noise measuring unit mounting frame 8 is connected with the tripod bracket 7 through the bracket assembly holes 10, and can be completely contained. The size of the noise measuring unit mount 8 of the expanded bracket unit after storage is 60cm×80cm×6cm, the size of the expanded bracket unit after storage is 200cm×160cm×6cm, the height of the tripod bracket 5 after storage is 60cm, and the height after expansion is 120cm. The total mass of the expanded stent unit was 5.2kg. The storage effect is shown in fig. 5-6. After the use, go up telescopic link 2, right telescopic link 4 and left telescopic link 9 all can shrink to the shortest state, and accomodate the back along angle adjusting knob 10, area occupied is less, is convenient for carry and transportation by hand. As shown in fig. 6, the telescopic rods on the left side and the right side can be folded upwards by adopting the mounting frame vertical plate 1, so that complete storage is realized, and the storage area is better reduced.
In this embodiment, the main control MCU module 12 may select an Arduino Nano 33BLE singlechip, which has a bluetooth transmission module; the sensor space positioning module 13 is a BP-TWR-400 UWB product of blue-point infinite tech company. The sensor space positioning module 13 of the invention adopts UWB positioning technology, which is a high-precision positioning technology. Three non-coplanar noise measuring units are arranged as UWB signal base stations during measurement and are directly clamped on the tripod.
The plurality of UWB positioning base stations are placed into a non-coplanar three-dimensional polygon during measurement, so that a three-dimensional coordinate system is formed in a three-dimensional polygon space formed by the plurality of UWB positioning base stations, the plurality of UWB electronic tags are placed in the three-dimensional coordinate system, and each UWB positioning base station and each UWB electronic tag are connected with each other.
The processor is connected with any UWB positioning base station, the UWB positioning base station is also called a transfer base station, the transfer base station can utilize a Bluetooth transmission module in the main control MCU module 16 to carry out data transmission with the data processing terminal, and also can use any UWB positioning base station to connect with the data processing terminal for communication and data transmission. At this time, each UWB positioning base station can communicate with each UWB signal tag, and the UWB base station can measure and calculate the distance from each UWB electronic tag to the self according to the three-dimensional coordinate system. At present, in the mainstream positioning mode, the positioning accuracy of UWB positioning technology has obvious advantage, and compared with WiFi and bluetooth, GPRS positioning technology, the positioning accuracy of UWB positioning is higher, and the error is less. Wherein the master MCU module 16 acts as a master MCU. At this time, wireless data transmission is realized, and compared with wired data transmission, the wireless data transmission system is more convenient and quicker.
The sound pressure sensor is a chrysanthemum electronic sound pressure sensor, the model of the sound pressure sensor is LM358, the sound pressure sensor is connected with the main control MCU module 16 in the sensor space positioning module 13, and the main control MCU module 16 outputs an electric signal of the sound pressure level in the acquired sound pressure sensor.
The power module 14 collects the battery of an independent unit, which uses a Beston9V rechargeable square battery, the capacity of which is selected to be 1000mAh.
Example two
As shown in fig. 7 to 8, the present embodiment provides a noise measurement method of a wireless portable expansion type rail vehicle structure noise measurement system according to any embodiment of the present invention, including:
step S1, determining a measuring surface, and arranging a single noise measuring unit mounting frame 8 or a plurality of noise measuring unit mounting frames 8 at different positions according to the measuring area requirement; three non-coplanar noise measurement units for positioning are disposed on each noise measurement unit mounting frame 8, and the three noise measurement units for positioning serve as UWB positioning base stations.
In the step, three-dimensional position coordinates of the noise measuring unit are obtained through information interaction of three UWB positioning base stations on different surfaces and a plurality of UWB signal tags.
In the measurement process, this embodiment can be divided into two measurement scenarios: 1. when a single noise measurement unit mounting frame 8 can meet the measurement range and the requirement, only one noise measurement unit mounting frame 8 is needed at the moment, and measurement is realized by arranging a reasonable number of noise measurement units; 2. a single noise measurement unit mounting frame 8 cannot satisfy the measurement area, and a plurality of noise measurement unit mounting frames 8 need to be arranged. The invention can realize multi-point simultaneous measurement, and when the measured area is larger than the length of the single noise measuring unit mounting frame 8, the multi-noise measuring unit mounting frame 8 can be adopted for simultaneous measurement.
Step S2, the noise measuring unit mounting frame 8 is unfolded to a use state, and the height and the measuring angle of the tripod bracket 7 are adjusted.
Step S3, selecting a noise measuring unit for measurement, placing the noise measuring units for measurement on a single noise measuring unit mounting frame 8 or a plurality of noise measuring unit mounting frames 8 at different positions according to an equidistant arrangement mode, and starting the noise measuring units for measurement.
Step S4, the sensor space positioning module 13 of the noise measuring unit is used as a UWB signal tag, the UWB signal tag performs information interaction with three UWB positioning base stations, the three-dimensional position coordinates of each noise measuring unit are obtained, and signals are transmitted to the data processing terminal.
Step S5, starting the data processing terminal, starting the switch 19 of the noise measuring unit, and enabling the noise measuring unit to enter a self-checking process: the sensor space positioning module 13, the noise measuring module 12 and the power module 14 are subjected to self-checking in sequence, if the sensor space positioning module 13, the noise measuring module 12 and the power module 14 can work normally, the noise measuring unit operates normally, if any module fails, errors are reported to the main control MCU module 16, and meanwhile, the power module 14 can automatically feed back the electric quantity condition.
The main control MCU module 16 does not need self-checking, and when the main control MCU module 16 fails, the noise measurement unit cannot work normally, and the Bluetooth transmission module fails, the data processing terminal cannot acquire data.
Step S6, the measuring process starts, the data processing terminal obtains the electric signal transmitted by the Bluetooth transmission module in the main control MCU module 16, the data processing terminal obtains the sound pressure signal after conversion, the sound pressure level value can be obtained according to the relation formula of the sound pressure and the sound pressure level after obtaining the sound pressure signal, and the accurate sound pressure level value is obtained through weighting processing by utilizing the following formula:
where n represents the number of noise measurement modules 12;
representing a sound pressure level value; />
Representing the weighted sound pressure level.
And S7, the data processing terminal acquires an accurate sound pressure level value, transmits the accurate sound pressure level value to the data processing terminal client, and outputs a final data display result. The collected data may also be analyzed for results using acoustic business software.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a wireless portable expanded field structure noise measurement system, wherein a represents a noise measurement unit mounting frame; b represents a tripod; c represents a noise measurement unit; d represents a data processing terminal. When the single noise measuring unit mounting frame a can meet the measuring range and requirement as shown in fig. 9, only one noise measuring unit mounting frame a is needed at this time, and the measurement is realized by arranging a reasonable number of noise measuring units. As shown in fig. 10, the measurement is performed at a multi-noise measurement unit mount. Fig. 10 shows a schematic diagram that a single noise measurement unit mounting frame a cannot meet the measurement range and the measurement requirement, and a plurality of noise measurement unit mounting frames a need to be arranged to meet the measurement requirement.
In a specific measurement process, two measurement scenes can be divided, firstly, when a single noise measurement unit mounting frame 8 can meet the measurement range and the requirement, only one noise measurement unit mounting frame 8 is needed at the moment, and measurement is realized by arranging a reasonable number of noise measurement units; secondly, the single noise measuring unit mounting frame 8 cannot meet the measuring range and the measuring requirement, and a plurality of noise measuring unit mounting frames 8 need to be arranged. There are two specific work projects as follows. Specifically, in the railway vehicle industry, two conditions of in-vehicle measurement and out-of-vehicle measurement are mainly adopted:
1. in-vehicle measurement
In order to measure the noise condition in a single carriage in the running process of a train, the measurement of the noise in the train can be carried out by referring to the requirements of the standard of GB/T5111-2011. A total of 5 measuring points are arranged, one measuring point is arranged in the cab, one unfolding bracket unit is arranged at each measuring point, and the center of the cab is 1.2m away from the floor. An unfolding bracket unit is arranged on the vehicle central line 1.2m above the floor in the passenger cabin, and 5-10 microphones are installed. The first measuring point is located above the center of the bogie at one position end, the last measuring point is located above the center of the through channel at two positions end, and the rest 3 measuring points are located on approximately equidistant points between the two measuring points. Simultaneously, three non-coplanar noise measuring units are arranged and clamped at the upper end of the tripod to serve as a UWB base station. And the measured height and the length of the measuring surface are set according to the requirements, the noise measuring units are further arranged on the noise measuring unit mounting frame in an array arrangement mode, after the switches are sequentially opened, the system firstly performs self-checking, at the moment, measurement is started, and meanwhile, the result is output to the data processing terminal. At this time, the data processing terminal acquires three-dimensional position information and sound pressure level information in real time. The sound power and the sound intensity can be obtained according to the sound pressure level, auxiliary software and other tools. According to the three-dimensional space information obtained by measurement, the noise distribution condition in a single carriage under different test points can be preliminarily obtained.
2. Vehicle exterior measurement
Taking the example of measuring the noise value in the running process of a certain train, the running process of the train can refer to GB/T5111-2011 to prescribe the measuring point position of the radiation noise test of the train, and the standard measuring point is: the running speed of the train is lower than 200km/h, and the measuring point is positioned at the position 7.5m from the center of the track and 1.2m from the track surface. This measurement adopts many expansion support units, has arranged expansion support unit, all sets up measuring point at the both sides face of train operation process, expands left telescopic link, the right telescopic link of expansion support unit and extends, sets up simultaneously and uses three non-coplanar noise measurement unit, presss from both sides tightly in tripod upper end, as UWB basic station, and then install noise measurement unit according to the mode of array arrangement on noise measurement unit mounting bracket, open the back in proper order with the switch, at first the system will carry out the self-checking, begin measuring this moment, simultaneously, the result output is to data processing terminal. At this time, the data processing terminal acquires three-dimensional position information and sound pressure level information in real time. The sound power and the sound intensity can be obtained according to the sound pressure level, auxiliary software and other tools. According to the three-dimensional space information obtained by measurement, the noise distribution condition in a single carriage under different test points can be preliminarily obtained.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments is modified or some or all of the technical features are replaced equivalently, so that the essence of the corresponding technical scheme does not deviate from the scope of the technical scheme of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A noise measurement method of a wireless portable expansion type railway vehicle structure noise measurement system is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the wireless portable expansion type rail vehicle structure noise measuring system comprises: the system comprises a noise measurement unit, an expansion bracket unit and a data processing terminal;
the noise measurement unit includes: the device comprises a noise measurement module (12), a sensor space positioning module (13), a power supply module (14), a signal conditioner (15), a main control MCU module (16), a noise measurement unit rear cover (20), a noise measurement unit back clamp (21) and a circuit board (23);
the noise measuring module (12), the sensor space positioning module (13), the power module (14), the signal conditioner (15), the main control MCU module (16) and the switch (19) are respectively arranged on the circuit board (23);
the noise measurement module (12) comprises: a sound pressure sensor and a signal conditioner for noise measurement; the sound pressure sensor is used for collecting noise signals, and the signal conditioner is used for amplifying the electrical signals of the sound wave signals collected by the sound pressure sensor;
the sound pressure sensor, the signal conditioner, the sensor space positioning module (13), the power supply module (14) and the signal conditioner (15) are respectively and electrically connected with the main control MCU module (16); the main control MCU module (16) is in signal connection with the data processing terminal through Bluetooth transmission signals;
the circuit board (23) is arranged in the noise measurement unit rear cover (20) through a fixing bolt (22); the bottom surface of the noise measurement unit rear cover (20) is provided with a noise measurement unit back clamp (21), and the noise measurement unit back clamp (21) is used for being connected with the expansion bracket unit;
the expandable stent unit includes: a noise measuring unit mounting frame (8) and a tripod bracket (7);
the noise measurement unit mounting frame (8) includes: the device comprises a mounting bracket vertical plate (1), an upper telescopic rod (2), a right telescopic rod (4), an angle adjusting knob (5) and a left telescopic rod (9);
the mounting bracket riser (1) is rotatably arranged above the tripod bracket (7) and is provided with an angle adjusting knob (5), and the angle of the mounting bracket riser (1) is adjusted through the angle adjusting knob (5); two ends of the mounting frame vertical plate (1) are symmetrically provided with a plurality of right telescopic rods (4) and left telescopic rods (9) respectively;
the right telescopic rod (4) and the left telescopic rod (9) are respectively provided with an upper telescopic rod (2), and the right telescopic rod (4) and the left telescopic rod (9) are respectively fastened with the upper telescopic rod (2) through fastening screws (3);
the noise measurement method of the wireless portable expansion type railway vehicle structure noise measurement system comprises the following steps:
step S1, determining a measuring surface, and arranging a single noise measuring unit mounting frame (8) or a plurality of noise measuring unit mounting frames (8) at different positions according to the measuring area requirement; three non-coplanar noise measurement units for positioning are deployed on each noise measurement unit mounting frame (8), and the three noise measurement units for positioning serve as UWB positioning base stations;
s2, expanding the noise measurement unit mounting frame (8) to a use state, and adjusting the height and the measurement angle of the tripod bracket (7);
step S3, selecting a noise measurement unit for measurement, placing the noise measurement units for measurement on a single noise measurement unit mounting frame (8) or a plurality of noise measurement unit mounting frames (8) at different positions according to an equidistant arrangement mode, and starting the noise measurement units for measurement;
step S4, a sensor space positioning module (13) of the noise measuring unit for measurement is used as an UWB signal tag, the UWB signal tag carries out information interaction with three UWB positioning base stations, a three-dimensional position coordinate of each noise measuring unit is obtained, and signals are transmitted to a data processing terminal;
step S5, starting the data processing terminal, starting a switch (19) of a noise measuring unit, and enabling the noise measuring unit to enter a self-checking process: the sensor space positioning module (13), the noise measuring module (12) and the power module (14) are subjected to self-checking in sequence, if the sensor space positioning module can work normally, the noise measuring unit operates normally, if any one module fails, an error is reported to the main control MCU module (16), and meanwhile, the power module (14) can automatically feed back the electric quantity condition;
step S6, starting a measurement process, acquiring an electric signal transmitted by a Bluetooth transmission module in a main control MCU module (16) by a data processing terminal, converting the electric signal to obtain a sound pressure signal by the data processing terminal, obtaining a sound pressure level value according to a relation formula of sound pressure and sound pressure level after obtaining the sound pressure signal, and obtaining an accurate sound pressure level value through weighting processing by using the following formula:
wherein n represents the number of noise measurement modules (12);
representing a sound pressure level value; />
Representing the weighted sound pressure level.
2. The noise measurement method of the wireless portable expansion type rail vehicle structure noise measurement system according to claim 1, wherein a switch (19) is further arranged on the circuit board (23).
3. The noise measurement method of the wireless portable expansion type rail vehicle structure noise measurement system according to claim 2, wherein an antenna mounting hole (18) is reserved on a rear cover (20) of the noise measurement unit, and an antenna (17) is mounted on the antenna mounting hole (18).
4. The noise measurement method of the wireless portable expansion type rail vehicle structure noise measurement system according to claim 3, wherein a noise measurement unit cover plate (11) is cooperatively arranged on the noise measurement unit rear cover (20).
5. The noise measurement method of the wireless portable expansion type rail vehicle structure noise measurement system according to claim 1, wherein the tripod (7) is provided with a bracket assembly hole (10);
the mounting frame vertical plate (1) is inserted into the bracket assembly hole (10).
6. The noise measurement method of a wireless portable expanded railway vehicle structural noise measurement system according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that the tripod (7) has a tripod adjustment knob (6).
7. The noise measurement method of a wireless portable expanded rail vehicle structure noise measurement system according to claim 1, wherein the sensor space location module (13) adopts UWB wireless location technology.
8. The noise measurement method of the wireless portable expanded rail vehicle structure noise measurement system according to claim 1, further comprising, after step S6:
and S7, the data processing terminal acquires an accurate sound pressure level value, transmits the accurate sound pressure level value to the data processing terminal client, and outputs a final data display result.
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