CN114136427A - Underwater normal acoustic energy flow measuring device capable of being installed on surface of structure - Google Patents
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- G01H3/00—Measuring characteristics of vibrations by using a detector in a fluid
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Abstract
The utility model provides an mountable is in structural surface's normal direction acoustic energy flow measuring device under water, it relates to sonar detection technical field. It solves the defects of the prior art. The device consists of a vibration and sound pressure sensing module, a data acquisition module, a Fourier analysis module and a sound energy flow synthesis output module. The invention has the advantages that: a decoupling element is arranged between the piezoelectric element and the accelerometer, the piezoelectric element adopts a radial polarization mode, and the design greatly reduces the direct influence of structural vibration on the piezoelectric element, so that the device can be directly fixedly installed on the surface of an underwater structure to measure the surface normal acoustic energy flow; the vibration and sound pressure signal sensing module has the characteristics of small volume, light weight, simple structure and easiness in installation, and can effectively reduce the influence of the element on structural vibration and a sound field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sonar detection, in particular to an underwater normal acoustic energy flow measuring device capable of being installed on the surface of a structure.
Background
At present, acoustic monitoring of the surface of an underwater structure has important significance for real-time evaluation of the noise radiation level of the underwater structure and active control of an underwater sound field, the vibration velocity and the sound pressure of the surface of the structure need to be measured simultaneously when the sound energy flow of the surface of the structure is obtained, and a measuring system which can be directly arranged on the surface of the structure to measure and obtain the normal sound energy flow of the surface of the structure is not found at present. The measurement of the vibration velocity of the surface of the structure can be directly obtained by measuring an accelerometer by using the accelerometer and then obtaining the vibration velocity through time domain integration or frequency domain division by j omega. The structure sound pressure sensor is easily affected by the structure vibration, and the measurement of the surface sound pressure is difficult. The broadside array sonar is a system which is installed on the broadside of a ship body to measure sound pressure, provides a structural surface sound pressure measuring method, fills damping materials between a sound array and a ship shell, and adopts a steel wire rope vibration isolator to carry out vibration isolation, but the low-frequency vibration isolation effect is not ideal (Song Ying lan and the like, preliminary study on broadside array vibration isolation and noise reduction methods, acoustics in electronic engineering, 1999, 54 (2): 17-20). PVDF hydrophones provide a surface acoustic pressure test (Zhangli, research on PVDF hydrophones, university of Harbin university of technology, university of great university of Haerbin, 2015), while PVDF hydrophones may also be used for acceleration testing (Shownsan et al, finite element analysis of acceleration response characteristics of PVDF hydrophones, Acoustics, 1997, 22 (4): 338-. The vector hydrophone is a novel underwater acoustic transducer, can provide particle vector vibration velocity information and sound pressure information of an underwater sound field, and provides an underwater sound energy flow test scheme, but the vector hydrophone is suspended in a water medium for sound field measurement, particularly, the co-vibration vector hydrophone mostly adopts a metal spring or a rubber rope for suspension, and is not suitable for being installed on the surface of a structure. The MEMS vector hydrophone is a novel hydrophone utilizing a micro electro mechanical system, and scholars propose rigid fixed MEMS vector hydrophone designs (Wang Sunbao, the design of rigid fixed MEMS vector hydrophone, micro-nano electronic technology, 2016, 53 (5): 310 and 315) on the premise of reducing acceleration sensitivity, so that the MEMS vector hydrophone is not suitable for measuring acoustic energy flow on the surface of a structure.
In summary, no report on a measurement technology for measuring the normal acoustic energy flow of the structure surface by directly and fixedly mounting the underwater transducer on the structure surface has been found at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an underwater normal acoustic energy flow measuring device capable of being installed on a structure surface, aiming at solving the problems that when acoustic pressure and vibration are measured simultaneously when the acoustic energy flow of the structure surface is obtained, an accelerometer can be directly installed on the structure to measure vibration, but the existing hydrophone is directly installed on the structure surface and is easily affected by the direct vibration of the structure, so that the acoustic pressure measurement is inaccurate, a broadside array sonar is a system for measuring the acoustic pressure installed on the broadside of a ship body, but the low-frequency vibration isolation effect is not ideal, and the concrete technical scheme for solving the problems is as follows:
the invention relates to an underwater normal acoustic energy flow measuring device capable of being installed on a structure surface, which consists of a vibration and sound pressure sensing module, a data acquisition module, a Fourier analysis module and an acoustic energy flow synthesis output module, wherein the output end of the vibration and sound pressure sensing module is connected with the input end of the data acquisition module, the output end of the data acquisition module is connected with the input end of the Fourier analysis module, and the output end of the Fourier analysis module is connected with the input end of the acoustic energy flow synthesis output module;
the vibration and sound pressure sensing module consists of a cover body, a piezoelectric element, a decoupling element, an accelerometer, a sound pressure signal output interface, an accelerometer signal output interface, a signal lead and a base, wherein the piezoelectric element is arranged above the decoupling element;
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring vibration and sound pressure signals to form time domain digital signals, namely, the acceleration analog signals a and the sound pressure analog signals p acquired by the vibration and sound pressure signal sensing module are subjected to analog-to-digital conversion to form acceleration digital signals a (t) and sound pressure digital signals p (t);
the Fourier analysis module is used for carrying out Fourier analysis on the digital signals to form frequency domain signals, namely carrying out Fourier analysis on acceleration time domain signals a (t) and sound pressure time domain signals p (t) to form acceleration frequency domain signals a (f) and sound pressure frequency domain signals p (f);
the acoustic energy flow synthesis output module performs operation processing on acceleration and acoustic pressure data, and can output acoustic pressure time domain signals p (t) and acoustic pressure frequency domain signals p (f), and structural surface normal vibration velocity time domain signals
v (t) ═ a (t) dt, frequency domain signal of normal vibration velocity of structure surface
Structure surface normal acoustic energy flux density w (t) ═ p (t) v (t), structure surface normal time domain acoustic intensity
Structure surface frequency domain sound intensity i (f) ═ Re (p (f) v*(f))。
The underwater normal acoustic energy flow measuring device capable of being installed on the surface of the structure has the advantages that: the core is that a vibration and sound pressure signal sensing module is adopted, decoupling elements are adopted between piezoelectric elements and accelerometers for decoupling and compounding, the piezoelectric elements adopt a radial polarization mode, and the design greatly reduces the direct influence of structural vibration on the piezoelectric elements, so that the device can be directly fixedly installed on the surface of an underwater structure, and surface normal sound energy flow is measured; the vibration and sound pressure signal sensing module has the characteristics of small volume, light weight, simple structure and easiness in installation, and can effectively reduce the influence of the element on structural vibration and sound field, so that the measurement result is more in line with the actual vibration and sound field; and thirdly, time domain and frequency domain data of the sound pressure and the normal vibration velocity of the structural surface, normal sound energy flux density and normal sound intensity can be output, and measurement information is diversified.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an acoustic energy flow measuring apparatus according to the present invention, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a vibration and sound pressure sensing module 1 in fig. 1, fig. 3 is a simulation diagram of amplitude reliability of sound pressure measured by the measuring apparatus, fig. 4 is a simulation diagram of phase reliability of sound pressure measured by the measuring apparatus, fig. 5 is a simulation diagram of surface normal sound intensity reliability measured by the measuring apparatus, fig. 6 is a simulation diagram of sound pressure amplitude test effect of the measuring apparatus not adopting radial polarization and decoupling, fig. 7 is a simulation diagram of sound pressure phase test effect of the measuring apparatus not adopting radial polarization and decoupling, and fig. 8 is a simulation diagram of surface normal sound intensity test effect of the measuring apparatus not adopting radial polarization and decoupling.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 and 2. The system comprises a vibration and sound pressure sensing module 1, a data acquisition module 2, a Fourier analysis module 3 and a sound energy flow synthesis output module 4, wherein the output end of the vibration and sound pressure sensing module 1 is connected with the input end of the data acquisition module 2, the output end of the data acquisition module 2 is connected with the input end of the Fourier analysis module 3, and the output end of the Fourier analysis module 3 is connected with the input end of the sound energy flow synthesis output module 4;
the vibration and sound pressure sensing module 1 consists of a cover body 1-1, a piezoelectric element 1-2, a decoupling element 1-3, an accelerometer 1-4, a sound pressure signal output interface 1-5, an accelerometer signal output interface 1-6, a signal lead 1-7 and a base 1-8, the piezoelectric element 1-2 is arranged above the decoupling element 1-3, the accelerometer 1-4 is arranged below the decoupling element 1-3, the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the piezoelectric element 1-2 are connected with the sound pressure signal output interface 1-5 through the signal lead 1-7, the base 1-8 is arranged below the accelerometer 1-4, the base 1-8 is an accelerometer body, the accelerometer signal output interface 1-6 is arranged on the right side of the base 1-8, and the cover body 1-1 is arranged above the base 1-8;
the data acquisition module 2 is used for acquiring vibration and sound pressure signals to form time domain digital signals, namely, the acceleration analog signals a and the sound pressure analog signals p acquired by the vibration and sound pressure signal sensing module are subjected to analog-to-digital conversion to form acceleration digital signals a (t) and sound pressure digital signals p (t);
the fourier analysis module 3 is configured to perform fourier analysis on the digital signal to form a frequency domain signal, that is, perform fourier analysis on the acceleration time domain signal a (t) and the sound pressure time domain signal p (t), to form an acceleration frequency domain signal a (f) and a sound pressure frequency domain signal p (f);
the acoustic energy flow synthesis output module 4 performs operation processing on the acceleration and acoustic pressure data, and may output an acoustic pressure time domain signal p (t) and an acoustic pressure frequency domain signal p (f), a structural surface normal vibration velocity time domain signal v (t) ═ a (t) dt, and a structural surface normal vibration velocity frequency domain signal
Structure surface normal acoustic energy flux density w (t) ═ p (t) v (t), structure surface normal time domain acoustic intensity
Structure surface frequency domain sound intensity i (f) ═ Re (p (f) v*(f))。
The second embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 and 2. The accelerometer 1-4 and the piezoelectric element 1-2 according to the present embodiment are combined by a decoupling element 1-3. The influence of structural vibration on the piezoelectric element is effectively isolated, and the whole sensing module can be directly and fixedly installed on the surface of the structure to measure the vibration acceleration and the sound pressure signal. The lighter the accelerometer is, the smaller the accelerometer is, and the more favorable the accelerometer changes the structural vibration and the sound field; the smaller the Young modulus of the decoupling element is, the more beneficial the effect of the vibration of the accelerometer on the piezoelectric element is to be reduced, but the smaller the Young modulus of the decoupling element is, the more beneficial the effect of underwater pressure bearing is, when the decoupling element is used under deeper water, the decoupling effect is reduced because the decoupling material is compacted, and therefore the Young modulus of the decoupling element is reasonably selected according to actual needs to be optimal.
The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 and 2. The cover body 1-1 of the embodiment adopts sound-transmitting rubber and the base 1-8 for vulcanization packaging, and the acoustic impedance of the sound-transmitting rubber is consistent with that of water, so as to be beneficial to sound transmission.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 and 2. The piezoelectric element 1-2 according to the present embodiment is a radially polarized ceramic ring.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 and 2. The decoupling elements 1 to 3 of the present embodiment are selected to have a Young's modulus of 5X 106N/m2～5×107N/m2The rubber material of (4).
The sixth specific implementation mode: this embodiment is described in conjunction with fig. 1. The data acquisition module 2 described in this embodiment adopts a general data acquisition unit. And recording the vibration signal and the sound pressure signal into a time domain digital signal.
The seventh embodiment: this embodiment is described in conjunction with fig. 1. The fourier analysis module 3 and the acoustic energy flow synthesis output module 4 described in this embodiment use computers and data processing software. And carrying out Fourier analysis and data operation on the acceleration and sound pressure time domain data, and outputting time domain and frequency domain data of sound pressure and normal vibration velocity, normal sound energy flux density and normal sound intensity.
The specific implementation mode is eight: this embodiment is described in conjunction with fig. 1. The positive and negative electrodes of the piezoelectric element 1-2 described in this embodiment are respectively disposed on the inner and outer surfaces of the ceramic ring of the piezoelectric element, and are connected to the output interface of the sound pressure signal through the signal lead 1-7.
The specific implementation method nine: this embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 8. The accelerometer 1-4 of the vibration and sound pressure sensing module 1 of the embodiment is a general accelerometer with the diameter of 10mm, the height of 20mm and the weight of 11 g; the decoupling elements 1-3 are made of rubber with small Young's modulus of 2 x 107N/m2Poisson's ratio of 0.497, density of 1070kg/m3The thickness is 3 mm; the piezoelectric element 1-2 is a PZT-4 piezoelectric ceramic ring with the outer diameter of 10mm, the thickness of 2mm and the height of 3 mm; the cover 1-1 adopts sound-transmitting rubber with Young modulus of 6.661 multiplied by 107N/m2Poisson's ratio of 0.495, density of 1000kg/m31mm in thickness;
the data acquisition module 2 is replaced by a general data acquisition unit, such as a BK3660PULSE dynamic signal analyzer, and performs data acquisition on analog signals acquired by the vibration and sound pressure signal sensing module to form digital signals which are stored in a hard disk of a computer;
the fourier analysis module 3 and the acoustic energy flow synthesis output module 4 adopt a general computer to replace and compile an algorithm to perform fourier analysis on the acceleration and acoustic pressure time domain digital signals to obtain corresponding frequency domain signals, and then output acoustic pressure time domain signals p (t), acoustic pressure frequency domain signals p (f), structural surface normal vibration velocity time domain signals v (t ═ a (t) dt, and structural surface normal vibration velocity frequency domain signals
The vibration and sound pressure signal sensing module is arranged in an underwater infinite free field space, and a sound pressure amplitude value is set to be p0(f) The sensing module outputs a voltage V under the action of sound waves0(f) Deriving the sensitivity of sound pressure test of sensing module as T (f) V0(f)/p0(f) (ii) a When the sensing module is used to measure sound pressure, if the measured output voltage is v (f), it can be determined that the sound pressure applied to the sensing module is p (f) ═ v (f)/t (f).
The above is a simulation example of the device for acoustic energy flow testing. Because the sensing module directly uses the universal vibration accelerometer to carry out vibration measurement, the vibration signal can be accurately measured, and the piezoelectric element is easily influenced by structural vibration, so that sound pressure measurement is the key of sound energy flow test. In addition, data acquisition and Fourier transform are mature technologies, and the functions of the data acquisition and Fourier transform can be realized by adopting general instruments and software. The time domain signal is directly obtained by the sensor, time domain example analysis is not separately given, and only simulation analysis is carried out on the frequency domain test result of the sound pressure and the sound intensity of the key physical quantity. The vibration and sound pressure signal sensing module 1 is arranged on a rectangular steel plate, the size is 1m multiplied by 1cm, the material is steel, and the Young modulus is 2.05 multiplied by 1011N/m2Poisson's ratio of 0.28, density of 7850kg/m3The method is characterized by comprising the steps of placing the piezoelectric element in a free field of an infinite water area, applying a uniform harmonic force with the vertical upward amplitude of 1N below a rectangular plate, exciting the plate to vibrate, carrying out simulation modeling calculation by adopting finite element software, deriving a frequency domain output result of sound pressure by utilizing the output voltage of the piezoelectric element 1-2 in a sensing module and the known sensitivity T (f), and comparing the frequency domain output result with the sound pressure acting on the piezoelectric element 1-2 obtained by simulation calculation of the finite element software, wherein the measurement result is real and credible as shown in figures 3 and 4.
According to the acoustic energy flow synthesis method, the output result of the normal sound intensity of the surface of the rectangular plate is derived, and is compared with the normal sound intensity obtained by finite element simulation calculation of the position of the sensing module, as shown in fig. 5, the measurement result is real and credible.
To illustrate the superiority of the device design method, the piezoelectric element 1-2 in the above calculation example is changed into axial polarization, the decoupling element 1-3 is removed, the piezoelectric element 1-2 is directly and fixedly installed on the upper part of the accelerometer 1-4, similarly, the sensing module is placed in the underwater infinite free field space to obtain the sensitivity of the sound pressure test, then the same sound vibration test simulation is carried out, the sound pressure derived by the sensing module is compared with the sound pressure actually acting on the piezoelectric element, as shown in fig. 6 and 7, the normal sound intensity derived by the sensing module is compared with the actual normal sound intensity at the position of the sensing module, as shown in fig. 8, the result derived by the sensing module is seen to have a larger difference with the actual result, which further shows that the piezoelectric element 1-2 is radially polarized and the decoupling element 1-3 is arranged, the two designs effectively reduce the direct influence of structural vibration on the piezoelectric elements 1-2, and are key technologies of the device.
The above embodiments are merely exemplary and not restrictive, and it should be understood that various other changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an mountable is in the normal direction acoustic energy flow measuring device under water on structure surface, it comprises vibration and acoustic pressure perception module, data acquisition module, Fourier analysis module and acoustic energy flow synthesis output module, its characterized in that: the output end of the vibration and sound pressure sensing module is connected with the input end of the data acquisition module, the output end of the data acquisition module is connected with the input end of the Fourier analysis module, and the output end of the Fourier analysis module is connected with the input end of the sound energy flow synthesis output module;
the vibration and sound pressure sensing module consists of a cover body, a piezoelectric element, a decoupling element, an accelerometer, a sound pressure signal output interface, an accelerometer signal output interface, a signal lead and a base, wherein the piezoelectric element is arranged above the decoupling element;
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring vibration and sound pressure signals to form time domain digital signals, namely, the acceleration analog signals a and the sound pressure analog signals p acquired by the vibration and sound pressure signal sensing module are subjected to analog-to-digital conversion to form acceleration digital signals a (t) and sound pressure digital signals p (t);
the Fourier analysis module is used for carrying out Fourier analysis on the digital signals to form frequency domain signals, namely carrying out Fourier analysis on acceleration time domain signals a (t) and sound pressure time domain signals p (t) to form acceleration frequency domain signals a (f) and sound pressure frequency domain signals p (f);
the acoustic energy flow synthesis output module performs operation processing on acceleration and acoustic pressure data, and can output acoustic pressure time domain signals p (t) and acoustic pressure frequency domain signals p (f), and structural surface normal vibration velocity time domain signals
v (t) ═ a (t) dt, frequency domain signal of normal vibration velocity of structure surface
Structure surface normal acoustic energy flux density w (t) ═ p (t) v (t), structure surface normal time domain acoustic intensity
Structure surface frequency domain sound intensity i (f) ═ Re (p (f) v*(f))。
2. A structural surface mountable underwater normal acoustic energy flow measurement apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the accelerometer and the piezoelectric element are compounded through a decoupling element.
3. A structural surface mountable underwater normal acoustic energy flow measurement apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the cover body is vulcanized and packaged with the base by adopting sound-transmitting rubber.
4. A structural surface mountable underwater normal acoustic energy flow measurement apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the piezoelectric element is a radially polarized ceramic ring.
5. A structural surface mountable underwater normal acoustic energy flow measurement apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the decoupling element is selected from 5 × 10 Young's modulus6N/m2～5×107N/m2The rubber material of (4).
6. A structural surface mountable underwater normal acoustic energy flow measurement apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the piezoelectric element are respectively arranged on the inner surface and the outer surface of the piezoelectric element and are connected to an output interface of the sound pressure signal through a signal lead.
7. A structural surface mountable underwater normal acoustic energy flow measurement apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the base is an accelerometer body.
8. A structural surface mountable underwater normal acoustic energy flow measurement apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the data acquisition module adopts a general data acquisition unit to record the vibration signal and the sound pressure signal into a time domain digital signal.
9. A structural surface mountable underwater normal acoustic energy flow measurement apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the Fourier analysis module and the acoustic energy flow synthesis output module adopt a computer and data processing software to carry out Fourier analysis and data operation on acceleration and acoustic pressure time domain data and output time domain and frequency domain data of acoustic pressure and normal vibration velocity, normal acoustic energy flow density and normal sound intensity.
10. A structural surface mountable underwater normal acoustic energy flow measurement apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the accelerometer of the vibration and sound pressure sensing module is a universal accelerometer with the diameter of 10mm, the height of 20mm and the weight of 11 g; the decoupling element has Young's modulus of 2 × 107N/m2Poisson's ratio of 0.497, density of 1070kg/m3Rubber with a thickness of 3 mm; the piezoelectric element is a PZT-4 piezoelectric ceramic ring with the outer diameter of 10mm, the thickness of 2mm and the height of 3 mm; the cover body is made of sound-transmitting rubber with Young modulus of 6.661 multiplied by 107N/m2Poisson's ratio of 0.495, density of 1000kg/m3And the thickness is 1 mm.
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| US20020183942A1 (en) * | 2001-05-14 | 2002-12-05 | Francois Lafleur | Modal analysis method and apparatus therefor |
| JP2007205885A (en) * | 2006-02-01 | 2007-08-16 | Jtekt Corp | Method and apparatus for diagnosing sound or vibration abnormality |
| CN109444861A (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2019-03-08 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A kind of plane sonar battle array impedance operator near field acoustic holography method calibration measurement method |
| CN112577592A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-03-30 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Finite space plane near-field acoustic holography measuring method based on space Fourier transform |
| CN112683386A (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2021-04-20 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一五研究所 | Integral piezoelectric vibration velocity vector hydrophone |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20020183942A1 (en) * | 2001-05-14 | 2002-12-05 | Francois Lafleur | Modal analysis method and apparatus therefor |
| JP2007205885A (en) * | 2006-02-01 | 2007-08-16 | Jtekt Corp | Method and apparatus for diagnosing sound or vibration abnormality |
| CN109444861A (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2019-03-08 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A kind of plane sonar battle array impedance operator near field acoustic holography method calibration measurement method |
| CN112577592A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-03-30 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Finite space plane near-field acoustic holography measuring method based on space Fourier transform |
| CN112683386A (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2021-04-20 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一五研究所 | Integral piezoelectric vibration velocity vector hydrophone |
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