CN114135866A - Air-cooled slag cooler and circulating fluidized bed adopting same - Google Patents
Air-cooled slag cooler and circulating fluidized bed adopting same Download PDFInfo
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- CN114135866A CN114135866A CN202111606063.8A CN202111606063A CN114135866A CN 114135866 A CN114135866 A CN 114135866A CN 202111606063 A CN202111606063 A CN 202111606063A CN 114135866 A CN114135866 A CN 114135866A
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- cooled
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- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 247
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003009 desulfurizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010884 boiler slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
- F23C10/24—Devices for removal of material from the bed
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/02—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
- F23C10/04—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
- F23C10/08—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases
- F23C10/10—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases the separation apparatus being located outside the combustion chamber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C2206/00—Fluidised bed combustion
- F23C2206/10—Circulating fluidised bed
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an air-cooled slag cooler and a circulating fluidized bed using the same, wherein the air-cooled slag cooler comprises a shell and a spacer, the shell is provided with a slag cooler cavity, a first air inlet, a first air outlet, a slag inlet and a slag outlet, and the slag cooler cavity comprises a main cavity and a cooling air groove; the spacing piece is arranged in the slag cooler cavity and is provided with an air guide opening for communicating the main cavity and the cooling air groove; the cooling air groove is used for receiving slag to be cooled discharged by the boiler through the slag inlet, the first air inlet is used for receiving inlet air so that the inlet air absorbs heat in the slag to be cooled in the cooling air groove to form hot air and the cooled slag, the hot air returns to the boiler through the air guide opening, the main cavity and the first air outlet, and the slag outlet is used for discharging the cooled slag.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of slag coolers, in particular to an air-cooled slag cooler and a circulating fluidized bed adopting the same.
Background
The bottom slag discharged by the fluidized bed boiler is solid particles with wide screening (0-30 mm) and high temperature (900 ℃) and belongs to materials which are difficult to operate and control, particularly a large-capacity (or large-slag-quantity) CFB boiler, and no good solution exists at home and abroad. Therefore, the slag cooler belongs to one of the most difficult technical difficulties in the auxiliary system of the fluidized bed boiler.
At present, more methods and devices for cooling the bottom slag of the circulating fluidized bed are available on the market, such as a slag cooler of a wind-water combined circulating fluidized bed, a mechanical slag cooler and the like. The slag cooler of the air-water combined circulating fluidized bed has the problems that the slag cooler cannot achieve the expected cooling effect due to the factors of slagging, boiler slag discharge control failure, wear of the cooling heating surface of the slag cooler and the like, and great economic loss is caused to a power plant. And some mechanical slag coolers, such as a water-cooling auger, a water-cooling roller and the like, have the problems of poor sealing, poor cooling capacity, large overhauling and maintenance workload and the like, so the application prospect is not very optimistic.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, it is desirable to provide an air-cooled slag cooler suitable for fluidized bed combustion of high ash and low calorific value fuel and a circulating fluidized bed using the same.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an air-cooled slag cooler, including:
the slag cooler comprises a shell, wherein the shell is provided with a slag cooler cavity, a first air inlet, a first air outlet, a slag inlet and a slag outlet, the slag cooler cavity comprises a main cavity and a cooling air groove, the main cavity is communicated with the first air outlet, and the cooling air groove is respectively communicated with the slag inlet, the slag outlet and the first air inlet;
the spacer is arranged in the slag cooler cavity and positioned between the main cavity and the cooling air groove, and is also provided with an air guide opening for communicating the main cavity and the cooling air groove;
the cooling air groove is used for receiving slag to be cooled discharged by the boiler through the slag inlet, the first air inlet is used for receiving inlet air so that the inlet air absorbs heat in the slag to be cooled in the cooling air groove to form hot air and cooled slag, the hot air returns to the boiler through the air guide opening, the main cavity and the first air outlet, and the slag outlet is used for discharging the cooled slag.
The air-cooled slag cooler provided by the embodiment of the application is pure air-cooled, the heating surface is not arranged in the cavity of the air-cooled slag cooler, the slag to be cooled discharged from the hearth is cooled by utilizing the inlet air of the boiler, higher air speed can be adopted, the slag to be cooled and the inlet air are mixed strongly, so that unburnt combustible substances in the slag to be cooled are further enhanced to burn, the heat loss of the combustible substances in the slag to be cooled is reduced, the efficiency of the boiler is improved, the volume of the air-cooled slag cooler is greatly reduced, the smooth flowing of the slag to be cooled in the air-cooled slag cooler is ensured, and the problems of slag blocking and abrasion of the air-cooled slag cooler are reduced.
It can be understood that the slag cooler cavity is divided into a main cavity and a cooling air duct by the partition, the cooling air duct is used for receiving slag to be cooled discharged by the boiler through the slag inlet and receiving inlet air through the first air inlet to realize heat exchange between the slag to be cooled and the inlet air to form hot air and the cooled slag, the design of the air-cooled slag cooler cavity enables the air-cooled slag cooler to have a sorting function, partial fine particles and unreacted desulfurizer return to the boiler through the air guide opening, the main cavity and the first air outlet along with the hot air after heat exchange to be used as air for boiler combustion to continuously participate in combustion of fuel in the boiler, the combustion efficiency of the boiler is improved, the consumption of the desulfurizer is reduced, the flow rate of the fine particles in a hearth of the circulating fluidized bed can be increased, and the proportion of the fine particles in the circulating fluidized bed material circulation is improved, thereby improving heat transfer in the boiler. The slag hole is used for discharging the cooling slag materials, and the control devices of all air-cooled slag coolers, such as slag discharge control valves, are arranged in the contact area of the cooling slag materials, so that the reliability and the safety degree of the control devices of the air-cooled slag coolers are greatly improved.
In one embodiment thereof, the housing comprises: the contact wall is used for connecting the boiler and is provided with the first air outlet and the slag inlet which are respectively communicated with a hearth of the boiler; the outer wall is arranged opposite to the contact wall and is provided with the first air inlet; the connecting side wall is connected between the contact wall and the outer wall, is used for enclosing the slag cooler cavity together with the contact wall and the outer wall, and is provided with the slag outlet; the spacer is connected between the contact wall and the outer wall. The air-cooled slag cooler is arranged outside the conical part at the lower side of the hearth of the boiler, the contact wall of the air-cooled slag cooler is connected with the boiler, the arrangement is convenient, the space is saved, and the contact wall is used for receiving the discharged hot air to the further reaction of the hearth after the slag charge to be cooled and the heat exchange is carried out.
In one of the embodiments, the contact wall is used for furnace wall connection of the boiler, and the inner surface of the contact wall and the outer surface of the furnace wall of the boiler are connected in superposition. The air-cooled slag cooler and the hearth can exchange materials conveniently.
In one embodiment, at least the contact wall of the contact wall, the outer wall, and the connecting side wall is a water cooled wall; at least part of the furnace wall of the boiler connected with the contact wall is a water-cooled wall. The contact wall connected with the furnace wall of the boiler in the shell is formed by a water-cooled wall, so that the air-cooled slag cooler is safe and reliable, and is convenient for heat preservation design.
In one embodiment, the air-cooled slag cooler further comprises a wear layer disposed on the inner surfaces of the contact wall, the outer wall, and the connecting side wall; the wear-resistant layer is a nonmetal wear-resistant layer. The nonmetal wear-resistant layer is laid on the inner surface of the cavity of the air-cooled slag cooler, so that high air speed can be adopted, the slag material to be cooled is mixed with inlet air strongly, the volume of the air-cooled slag cooler is greatly reduced, the inlet air and the slag material to be cooled can be mixed in a cooling air groove at high speed and fully, and the heat exchange degree is improved.
In one embodiment, the connection sidewalls include a first connection sidewall and a second connection sidewall opposite to the first connection sidewall, and the first connection sidewall, the spacer and the second connection sidewall are sequentially arranged along a first preset direction; the first air outlet is arranged at the part, close to the first connecting side wall, of the contact wall; the slag inlet is arranged at the part of the contact wall close to the second connecting side wall; the slag hole is arranged on the second connecting side wall, and the first air inlet is arranged on the part, close to the second connecting side wall, of the outer wall. First connection lateral wall the distance piece reaches the second is connected the lateral wall and is set gradually along first predetermined direction, first predetermined direction does the cold sediment ware during operation of forced air cooling is from last direction down, first connection lateral wall the distance piece reaches the second is connected the lateral wall and is used for connecting the outer wall reaches the contact wall. Through the arrangement of the partition wall, the later maintenance and partial component replacement of the air-cooled slag cooler are facilitated.
In one embodiment, the connection side walls include a third connection side wall and a fourth connection side wall opposite to the third connection side wall, and the third connection side wall and the fourth connection side wall are sequentially arranged along a second preset direction; the spacer comprises a first part and a second part, the first part is connected with the third connecting side wall, the second part is connected between the first part and the fourth connecting side wall, and the first air inlet is arranged on the fourth connecting side wall; the cooling air groove is divided into a slag inlet part which corresponds to the first part and is communicated with the slag inlet and a cooling part which is connected between the slag inlet part and the slag outlet and is communicated with the air guide opening; the slag feeding part extends along a direction perpendicular to the second preset direction, and the cooling part extends along the second preset direction. The third is connected the lateral wall the fourth and is connected the lateral wall and set gradually along the second direction of predetermineeing, the second direction of predetermineeing does during operation of air-cooled cold sediment ware, from the right side to left direction, the cooling air duct is divided into and is advanced sediment part and cooling part, just advance the sediment part and be close to furnace, and cooling part keeps away from furnace has guaranteed to treat the mobile unblocked of cooling slag charge and air inlet between each room, avoids taking place stifled sediment scheduling problem.
In one embodiment, the first portion comprises a first connecting plate and a second connecting plate, one end of the first connecting plate is connected with the third connecting side wall, one end of the second connecting plate is connected with one end, far away from the third connecting side wall, of the first connecting plate in a bent mode, and the other end of the second connecting plate is connected with the second portion in a bent mode; the second portion comprises a third connecting plate connected between the second connecting plate and the fourth connecting sidewall; the first connecting plate is vertically connected with the third connecting side wall; the first connecting plate is vertically connected with the second connecting plate, the third connecting plate is vertically connected with the second connecting plate and the fourth connecting side wall, the distance between the first connecting plate and the second connecting side wall is larger than the distance between the third connecting plate and the second connecting side wall, one end, far away from the first connecting plate, of the second connecting plate protrudes out of the third connecting plate, and therefore the distance between the second connecting plate and the second connecting side wall is smaller than the distance between the third connecting plate and the second connecting side wall. It can be understood that the distance between the first connecting plate and the second connecting side wall is greater than the distance between the third connecting plate and the second connecting side wall, so that the slag to be cooled smoothly enters the cooling part of the cooling air duct for heat exchange by utilizing the inclination of the slag inlet part; one end, far away from the first connecting plate, of the second connecting plate protrudes out of the third connecting plate, so that the distance between the second connecting plate and the second connecting side wall is smaller than the distance between the third connecting plate and the second connecting side wall, and the hot air formed after heat exchange enters the main cavity through the air guide opening in the spacing piece, so that the influence on the cooling effect caused by the convergence of the hot air and the slag to be cooled at the slag feeding part is avoided.
In one embodiment, the air-cooled slag cooler further comprises an air pipe assembly, and the air pipe assembly is used for connecting the first air inlet to provide the inlet air; the air pipe assembly is arranged on one side of the outer wall far away from the contact wall; the air pipe assembly comprises an air inlet main pipe and an air guide pipe connected between the air inlet main pipes. The air inlet can adopt primary air or secondary air with low pressure head, thus greatly reducing the energy consumption of the air-cooled slag cooler. The speed, the flow and the granularity of the slag charge to be cooled discharge are adjusted through the flow of the inlet air, the adjustment is safe and reliable, and the failure rate of the slag charge to be cooled discharge system of the circulating fluidized bed boiler at present is greatly reduced.
In a second aspect, embodiments of the present application further provide a circulating fluidized bed, comprising:
an air-cooled slag cooler;
the boiler is provided with a boiler wall which is enclosed into a hearth, the boiler wall is provided with a heat exhaust port, an air return port, a slag discharge port and a feed back port, the heat exhaust port, the air return port, the slag discharge port and the feed back port are respectively communicated with the hearth, the slag discharge port is connected with a slag inlet of the air-cooled slag cooler, and the air return port is connected with a first air outlet of the air-cooled slag cooler;
the cyclone separator comprises a shell and a separator main body, the shell is provided with a cavity, and a second air inlet, a second air outlet and a discharge hole which are communicated with the cavity, the separator is positioned in the cavity, the second air inlet of the cyclone separator is connected with the heat exhaust hole of the boiler and is used for receiving the flue gas discharged by the boiler and carrying out gas-material separation on the flue gas to form fly ash and coarse particles, the separated fly ash is discharged through the second air outlet, and the separated coarse particles are discharged through the discharge hole of the cyclone separator;
the material returning device is connected between the discharge hole of the cyclone separator and the material returning hole of the boiler;
and the convection air duct piece is connected with the second air outlet of the cyclone separator and is used for discharging the separated fly ash.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments or related technologies of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or related technologies are briefly introduced below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of an air-cooled slag cooler;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an air-cooled slag cooler;
FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of a circulating fluidized bed according to the present invention.
100-air cooling slag cooler; 11-a housing; 12-a slag cooler cavity; 13-a first air inlet; 14-a first air outlet; 15-a slag inlet; 16-a slag outlet; 17-a spacer; 18-a wind guide port; 19-an air duct assembly; 111-a contact wall; 112-an outer wall; 113-connecting the sidewalls; 113 a-a first connecting sidewall; 113 b-a second connecting sidewall; 113 c-a third connecting sidewall; 113 d-a fourth connecting sidewall; 121-a main chamber; 122-cooling air duct; 171-a first portion; 172-a second portion; 122 a-slag intake; 122 b-cooling section; 171 a-first connecting plate; 171 b-a second connecting plate; 172 a-third connecting plate; 191-air inlet main pipe; 192-a wind guide tube;
200-circulating fluidized bed; 21-boiler, 22-cyclone separator; 23-a material returning device; 24-convection air duct 211-furnace; 212-boiler walls; 213-heat exhaust port; 214-return air inlet; 215-slag discharge port; 216-feed back port; 221-a housing; 222-a separator body; 223-chamber; 224-a second air inlet, 225-a second air outlet, 226-a discharge outlet.
Detailed Description
To facilitate an understanding of the present application, the present application will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present application are given in the accompanying drawings. This application may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "inner", "outer", "left", "right" and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only embodiments.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the present application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic plan view of an air-cooled slag cooler 100 in this embodiment, the air-cooled slag cooler 100 includes a housing 11 and a partition wall 17, the housing 11 has a slag cooler cavity 12, a first air inlet 13, a first air outlet 14, a slag inlet 15 and a slag outlet 16; the slag cooler cavity comprises a main cavity 121 and a cooling air duct 122, the spacer 17 is arranged in the slag cooler cavity 12 and used for dividing the slag cooler cavity 12 into the main cavity 121 and the cooling air duct 122, the main cavity 121 is communicated with the first air outlet 14, the cooling air duct 122 is respectively communicated with the slag inlet 15, the slag outlet 16 and the first air inlet 13, and the spacer 17 is further provided with an air guide opening 18 communicated with the main cavity 121 and the cooling air duct 122.
The cooling air duct 122 is configured to receive slag to be cooled discharged from the boiler 21 through the slag inlet 15, the first air inlet 13 is configured to receive intake air so that the intake air absorbs heat in the slag to be cooled in the cooling air duct 122 to form hot air and cooled slag, the hot air returns to the boiler 21 through the air guide opening 18, the main cavity 121 and the first air outlet 14, and the slag outlet 16 is configured to discharge the cooled slag.
The air-cooled slag cooler 100 provided by the embodiment is purely air-cooled, a heating surface is not arranged in the slag cooler cavity 12, the slag to be cooled discharged from the hearth 211 is cooled by utilizing the inlet air of the boiler 21, a high air speed can be adopted, the slag to be cooled and the inlet air are mixed strongly, so that unburned combustible substances in the slag to be cooled are further enhanced to be combusted, the heat loss of the combustible substances in the slag to be cooled is reduced, the efficiency of the boiler 21 is improved, the volume of the air-cooled slag cooler 100 is greatly reduced, the smooth flowing of the slag to be cooled in the air-cooled slag cooler 100 is also ensured, and the problems of slag blocking and abrasion of the air-cooled slag cooler 100 are reduced.
It can be understood that the slag cooler cavity 12 is divided into a main cavity 121 and a cooling air duct 122 by the partition 17, the cooling air duct 122 is used for receiving the slag to be cooled discharged from the boiler 21 through the slag inlet 15 and receiving the inlet air through the first air inlet 13 to realize heat exchange between the slag to be cooled and the inlet air to form hot air and cooled slag, this design of the slag cooler cavity 12 enables the air-cooled slag cooler 100 to have a sorting function, and a part of fine particles and unreacted desulfurizing agent as the hot air after heat exchange returns to the boiler 21 through the air guiding opening 18, the main cavity 121 and the first air outlet 14 as the combustion air for the boiler 21 to continue to participate in the combustion of the fuel in the boiler 21, so as to improve the combustion efficiency of the boiler 21 and reduce the amount of the desulfurizing agent, and also increase the flow rate of the fine particles in the hearth 211 of the circulating fluidized bed 200, and increase the rate of the fine particles in the circulating fluidized bed 200 material circulation, thereby improving heat transfer within the boiler 21. The slag hole 16 is used for discharging the cooling slag materials, and all control equipment of the air-cooled slag cooler 100, such as a slag discharge control valve and the like, are arranged in the contact area of the cooling slag materials, so that the reliability and the safety degree of the control equipment of the air-cooled slag cooler 100 are greatly improved.
Further, the air-cooled slag cooler 100 is disposed outside a lower conical portion of a hearth 211 of the boiler 21, the housing 11 includes a contact wall 111, an outer wall 112 and a connecting side wall 113, the contact wall 111 is used for connecting the boiler 21, the arrangement is convenient, the space is saved, the first air outlet 14 and the slag inlet 15 are disposed thereon, the first air outlet 14 and the slag inlet 15 are respectively communicated with the hearth 211 of the boiler, and are used for receiving the slag to be cooled and discharging hot air to the hearth 211 for further reaction after heat exchange; the outer wall 112 is arranged opposite to the contact wall 111, and the first air inlet 13 is arranged on the outer wall; the connecting side wall 113 is connected between the contact wall 111 and the outer wall 112, and is used for enclosing the slag cooler cavity 12 together with the contact wall 111 and the outer wall 112, and the slag outlet 16 is arranged on the connecting side wall 113; the spacer 17 is connected between the contact wall 111 and the outer wall 112.
Further, the contact wall 111 is used for connecting the boiler wall 212 of the boiler 21, and the inner surface of the contact wall 111 and the outer surface of the boiler wall 212 of the boiler 21 are connected in an overlapping manner. The air-cooled slag cooler 100 and the hearth 211 can exchange materials conveniently.
Further, at least the contact wall 111 of the contact wall 111, the outer wall 112, and the connecting side wall 113 is a water cooling wall; at least a part of the boiler wall 212 of the boiler 21 connected to the contact wall 111 is a water wall. At least the contact wall 111 connected with the boiler wall 212 of the boiler 21 in the shell 11 is formed by a water-cooled wall, so that the air-cooled slag cooler 100 is safe and reliable and is convenient for heat preservation design.
Further, the air-cooled slag cooler 100 further includes a wear-resistant layer disposed on the inner surfaces of the contact wall 111, the outer wall 112, and the connecting side wall 113; the wear-resistant layer is a nonmetal wear-resistant layer. The nonmetal wear-resistant layer is laid on the inner surface of the slag cooler cavity 12, so that high wind speed can be adopted, the slag material to be cooled is mixed with the inlet wind strongly, the volume of the air-cooled slag cooler 100 is greatly reduced, the inlet wind and the slag material to be cooled can be mixed in the cooling wind groove 122 at high speed and fully, and the heat exchange degree is improved. The nonmetal wear-resistant layer can be made of high-molecular wear-resistant materials, ceramic wear-resistant materials or composite wear-resistant materials.
Further, the connection sidewall 113 includes a first connection sidewall 113a and a second connection sidewall 113b opposite to the first connection sidewall 113a, and the first connection sidewall 113a, the spacer 17 and the second connection sidewall 113b are sequentially arranged along a first preset direction; the first air outlet 14 is disposed at a portion of the contact wall 111 close to the first connection sidewall 113 a; the slag inlet 15 is arranged at the part of the contact wall 111 close to the second connecting side wall 113 b; the slag outlet 16 is disposed on the second connecting sidewall 113b, and the first air inlet 13 is disposed on a portion of the outer wall 112 close to the second connecting sidewall 113 b. First connection lateral wall 113a the distance piece 17 reaches second connection lateral wall 113b sets gradually along first predetermined direction, first predetermined direction does the cold sediment ware 100 during operation of forced air cooling is from last direction down, first connection lateral wall 113a the distance piece 17 reaches the second connection lateral wall 113b is used for connecting outer wall 112 reaches contact wall 111. The shell 11 is provided with the partition wall, so that later maintenance and partial component replacement of the air-cooled slag cooler 100 are facilitated.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, the connection sidewall 113 includes a third connection sidewall 113c and a fourth connection sidewall 113d opposite to the third connection sidewall 113c, and the third connection sidewall 113c and the fourth connection sidewall 113d are sequentially arranged along a second preset direction; the spacer 17 may be a partition wall including a first portion 171 and a second portion 172, the first portion 171 is connected to the third connecting sidewall 113c, the second portion 172 is connected between the first portion 171 and the fourth connecting sidewall 113d, and the first air inlet 13 is disposed on the fourth connecting sidewall 113 d; the slag inlet 15 is disposed at a portion of the contact wall 111 close to the third connecting sidewall 113c, the slag outlet 16 is disposed at a portion of the second connecting sidewall 113b close to the fourth connecting sidewall 113d, and the cooling air duct 122 is divided into a slag inlet 122a corresponding to the first portion 171 and communicating with the slag inlet 15, and a cooling portion 122b connected between the slag inlet 122a and the slag outlet 16 and communicating with the air guide opening 18; the slag inlet portion 122a extends in a direction perpendicular to the second preset direction, and the cooling portion 122b extends in the second preset direction. The third connecting side wall 113c and the fourth connecting side wall 113d are sequentially arranged along a second preset direction, the second preset direction is from right to left when the air-cooled slag cooler 100 works, the cooling air duct 122 is divided into a slag inlet part 122a and a cooling part 122b, smooth flowing of slag to be cooled and air inlet among the chambers is ensured, and the problems of slag blockage and the like are avoided.
Specifically, the first portion 171 includes a first connecting plate 171a and a second connecting plate 171b, one end of the first connecting plate 171a is connected to the third connecting sidewall 113c, one end of the second connecting plate 171b is bent to be connected to one end of the first connecting plate 171a far from the third connecting sidewall 113c, and the other end of the second connecting plate 171b is bent to be connected to the second portion 172; the second portion 172 includes a third connection plate 172a, the third connection plate 172a is connected between the second connection plate 171b and the fourth connection sidewall 113 d; the first connection plate 171a is vertically connected to the third connection sidewall 113 c; the first connecting plate 171a is vertically connected to the second connecting plate 171b, the third connecting plate 172a is vertically connected to both the second connecting plate 171b and the fourth connecting sidewall 113d, a distance between the first connecting plate 171a and the second connecting sidewall 113b is greater than a distance between the third connecting plate 172a and the second connecting sidewall 113b, and an end of the second connecting plate 171b away from the first connecting plate 171a protrudes from the third connecting plate 172a, so that a distance between the second connecting plate 171b and the second connecting sidewall 113b is smaller than a distance between the third connecting plate 172a and the second connecting sidewall 113 b. It can be understood that the distance between the first connecting plate 171a and the second connecting sidewall 113b is greater than the distance between the third connecting plate 172a and the second connecting sidewall 113b, so that the slag to be cooled smoothly enters the cooling portion 122b of the cooling air duct 122 for heat exchange by utilizing the inclination of the slag inlet portion 122 a; one end of the second connecting plate 171b, which is far away from the first connecting plate 171a, protrudes out of the third connecting plate 172a, so that the distance between the second connecting plate 171b and the second connecting side wall 113b is smaller than the distance between the third connecting plate 172a and the second connecting side wall 113b, and the hot air formed after heat exchange enters the main chamber 121 through the air guide opening 18 on the partition 17, thereby avoiding the influence of the convergence of the hot air and the slag to be cooled on the cooling effect in the slag inlet portion 122 a.
Further, the air-cooled slag cooler 100 further comprises an air pipe assembly 19, and the air pipe assembly 19 is used for connecting the first air inlet 13 to provide the inlet air; the air duct assembly 19 is disposed on a side of the outer wall 112 away from the contact wall 111; the air duct assembly 19 comprises air inlet main ducts 191 and air guide ducts 192 connected between the air inlet main ducts 191. The air inlet can adopt primary air or secondary air with low pressure head, thus greatly reducing the energy consumption of the air-cooled slag cooler 100. The speed, the flow and the granularity of the slag charge to be cooled discharge are adjusted through the flow of the inlet air, the adjustment is safe and reliable, and the failure rate of the slag charge to be cooled discharge system of the boiler 21 of the current circulating fluidized bed 200 is greatly reduced.
As shown in fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic plan view of a circulating fluidized bed 200 according to the present invention, which includes: the air-cooled slag cooler 100, the boiler 21, the cyclone separator 22, the material returning device 23 and the convection air duct member 24, wherein the boiler 21 is provided with a boiler wall 212 enclosing a hearth 211, the boiler wall 212 is provided with a heat exhaust port 213, an air return port 214, a slag discharge port 215 and a material return port 216, the heat exhaust port 213, the air return port 214, the slag discharge port 215 and the material return port 216 are respectively communicated with the hearth 211, the slag discharge port 215 is connected with a slag inlet 15 of the air-cooled slag cooler 100, and the air return port 214 is connected with a first air outlet 14 of the air-cooled slag cooler 100; the cyclone separator 22 comprises a housing 221 and a separator main body 222, the housing 221 has a chamber 223 and a second air inlet 224, a second air outlet 225 and an outlet 226 which are communicated with the chamber 223, the separator main body 222 is located in the chamber 223, the second air inlet 224 of the cyclone separator 22 is connected with the heat exhaust outlet 213 of the boiler 21 for receiving the flue gas discharged from the boiler 21 and performing gas-material separation on the flue gas to form fly ash and coarse particles, the separated fly ash is discharged through the second air outlet 225, and the separated coarse particles are discharged through the outlet 226 of the cyclone separator 22; the material returning device 23 is connected between the discharge port 226 of the cyclone separator 22 and the feed back port 216 of the boiler 21; the convection air duct member 24 is connected to the second air outlet 225 of the cyclone separator 22, and is used for discharging the separated fly ash.
The implementation process of the air-cooled slag cooler comprises the following steps:
the slag to be cooled of the boiler 21 of the circulating fluidized bed 200 is discharged from the slag discharge port 215 (the temperature of the slag is generally 800-900 ℃), the slag enters the cooling air duct 122 through the slag inlet 15 of the air-cooled slag cooler 100, during the flowing process of the slag to be cooled, air (primary air or secondary air, the temperature is generally about 300 ℃) supplied by the boiler 21 is sprayed into the cooling air duct 122 along the whole length direction of the cooling air duct 122 through the air guide pipe 192, heat exchange is carried out between the air and the slag to be cooled to form hot air and the cooled slag, the cooled slag flows to the slag outlet 16 to be discharged from the air-cooled slag cooler 100 after being continuously cooled along the cooling air duct 122, the hot air carries a small amount of fine ash and incompletely reacted desulfurizer, returns to the boiler 21 through the air guide port 18, the main cavity 121 and the first air outlet 14 to be used as air for combustion of the boiler 21 to continue to participate in the combustion of the fuel in the boiler 21, the combustion efficiency of the boiler 21 is improved, the consumption of the desulfurizer is reduced, the flow rate of fine particles in the hearth 211 of the circulating fluidized bed 200 can be increased, and the proportion of the fine particles in the material circulation of the circulating fluidized bed 200 is increased, so that the heat transfer in the boiler 21 is improved.
The circulating fluidized bed 200 is implemented as follows:
the fuel and the bed material composing the circulating fluidized bed 200 are combusted in the furnace 211, the flue gas generated by the combustion enters the cyclone separator 22 through the heat exhaust port 213 and the second air inlet 224, the separated coarse particles enter the material returning device 23 through the discharge port 226 and return to the furnace 211 for circulating combustion, and the remaining fine particles forming fly ash are discharged from the second air outlet 225 at the upper part of the cyclone separator 22 and enter the tail convection air duct member 24.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features. The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. An air-cooled slag cooler, characterized in that, the air-cooled slag cooler includes:
the slag cooler comprises a shell, wherein the shell is provided with a slag cooler cavity, a first air inlet, a first air outlet, a slag inlet and a slag outlet, the slag cooler cavity comprises a main cavity and a cooling air groove, the main cavity is communicated with the first air outlet, and the cooling air groove is respectively communicated with the slag inlet, the slag outlet and the first air inlet;
the spacer is arranged in the slag cooler cavity and positioned between the main cavity and the cooling air groove, and is also provided with an air guide opening for communicating the main cavity and the cooling air groove;
the cooling air groove is used for receiving slag to be cooled discharged by the boiler through the slag inlet, the first air inlet is used for receiving inlet air so that the inlet air absorbs heat in the slag to be cooled in the cooling air groove to form hot air and cooled slag, the hot air returns to the boiler through the air guide opening, the main cavity and the first air outlet, and the slag outlet is used for discharging the cooled slag.
2. The air-cooled slag cooler of claim 1, wherein the housing comprises:
the contact wall is used for connecting the boiler and is provided with the first air outlet and the slag inlet which are respectively communicated with a hearth of the boiler;
the outer wall is arranged opposite to the contact wall and is provided with the first air inlet;
the connecting side wall is connected between the contact wall and the outer wall, is used for enclosing the slag cooler cavity together with the contact wall and the outer wall, and is provided with the slag outlet;
the spacer is connected between the contact wall and the outer wall.
3. The air-cooled slag cooler according to claim 2, wherein the contact wall is used for furnace wall connection of the boiler, and an inner surface of the contact wall and an outer surface of the furnace wall of the boiler are connected in an overlapping manner.
4. The air-cooled slag cooler according to claim 2, wherein at least the contact wall of the contact wall, the outer wall, and the connecting side wall is a water-cooled wall; at least part of the furnace wall of the boiler connected with the contact wall is a water-cooled wall.
5. The air-cooled slag cooler according to claim 2, further comprising a wear layer provided on an inner surface of the contact wall, the outer wall, and the connecting side wall; the wear-resistant layer is a nonmetal wear-resistant layer.
6. The air-cooled slag cooler according to claim 2, wherein the connecting side walls include a first connecting side wall and a second connecting side wall opposite to the first connecting side wall, and the first connecting side wall, the spacer and the second connecting side wall are arranged in sequence along a first preset direction; the first air outlet is arranged at the part, close to the first connecting side wall, of the contact wall; the slag inlet is arranged at the part of the contact wall close to the second connecting side wall; the slag hole is arranged on the second connecting side wall, and the first air inlet is arranged on the part, close to the second connecting side wall, of the outer wall.
7. The air-cooled slag cooler according to claim 6, wherein the connecting side walls include a third connecting side wall and a fourth connecting side wall opposite to the third connecting side wall, and the third connecting side wall and the fourth connecting side wall are arranged in sequence along a second preset direction; the spacer comprises a first part and a second part, the first part is connected with the third connecting side wall, the second part is connected between the first part and the fourth connecting side wall, and the first air inlet is arranged on the fourth connecting side wall; the cooling air groove is divided into a slag inlet part which corresponds to the first part and is communicated with the slag inlet and a cooling part which is connected between the slag inlet part and the slag outlet and is communicated with the air guide opening; the slag feeding part extends along a direction perpendicular to the second preset direction, and the cooling part extends along the second preset direction.
8. The air-cooled slag cooler according to claim 7, wherein the first portion comprises a first connecting plate and a second connecting plate, one end of the first connecting plate is connected with the third connecting side wall, one end of the second connecting plate is connected with one end, far away from the third connecting side wall, of the first connecting plate in a bent mode, and the other end of the second connecting plate is connected with the second portion in a bent mode; the second portion comprises a third connecting plate connected between the second connecting plate and the fourth connecting sidewall; the first connecting plate is vertically connected with the third connecting side wall; the first connecting plate is vertically connected with the second connecting plate, the third connecting plate is vertically connected with the second connecting plate and the fourth connecting side wall, the distance between the first connecting plate and the second connecting side wall is larger than the distance between the third connecting plate and the second connecting side wall, one end, far away from the first connecting plate, of the second connecting plate protrudes out of the third connecting plate, and therefore the distance between the second connecting plate and the second connecting side wall is smaller than the distance between the third connecting plate and the second connecting side wall.
9. The air-cooled slag cooler according to claim 2, further comprising an air duct assembly for connecting to the first air inlet to provide the inlet air; the air pipe assembly is arranged on one side of the outer wall far away from the contact wall; the air pipe assembly comprises an air inlet main pipe and an air guide pipe connected between the air inlet main pipes.
10. A circulating fluidized bed, comprising:
the air-cooled slag cooler as defined in any one of claims 1 to 9;
the boiler is provided with a boiler wall which is enclosed into a hearth, the boiler wall is provided with a heat exhaust port, an air return port, a slag discharge port and a feed back port, the heat exhaust port, the air return port, the slag discharge port and the feed back port are respectively communicated with the hearth, the slag discharge port is connected with a slag inlet of the air-cooled slag cooler, and the air return port is connected with a first air outlet of the air-cooled slag cooler;
the cyclone separator comprises a shell and a separator main body, the shell is provided with a cavity, and a second air inlet, a second air outlet and a discharge hole which are communicated with the cavity, the separator is positioned in the cavity, the second air inlet of the cyclone separator is connected with the heat exhaust hole of the boiler and is used for receiving the flue gas discharged by the boiler and carrying out gas-material separation on the flue gas to form fly ash and coarse particles, the separated fly ash is discharged through the second air outlet, and the separated coarse particles are discharged through the discharge hole of the cyclone separator;
the material returning device is connected between the discharge hole of the cyclone separator and the material returning hole of the boiler;
and the convection air duct piece is connected with the second air outlet of the cyclone separator and is used for discharging the separated fly ash.
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| CN216521633U (en) * | 2021-12-25 | 2022-05-13 | 深圳市二十六度空调科技有限公司 | Air-cooled slag cooler and circulating fluidized bed adopting same |
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2021
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPH074615A (en) * | 1993-03-01 | 1995-01-10 | Foster Wheeler Energy Corp | Fluidized bed reactor with hearth strip air device and method of decreasing heat content in discharged hearth solid and increasing combustion efficiency |
| CN101598334A (en) * | 2009-06-30 | 2009-12-09 | 上海锅炉厂有限公司 | Bottom slag cooling method of circulating fluidized bed |
| CN101846314A (en) * | 2010-06-01 | 2010-09-29 | 重庆大学 | Slag sorting device |
| CN204438105U (en) * | 2015-01-26 | 2015-07-01 | 徐辉 | A kind of circulating fluidized-bed boiler ash cooling device |
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