CN114135390B - 一种发动机及具有其的车辆 - Google Patents

一种发动机及具有其的车辆 Download PDF

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CN114135390B
CN114135390B CN202010923000.4A CN202010923000A CN114135390B CN 114135390 B CN114135390 B CN 114135390B CN 202010923000 A CN202010923000 A CN 202010923000A CN 114135390 B CN114135390 B CN 114135390B
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cavity
waste gas
prechamber
chamber
engine
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CN114135390A (zh
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罗亨波
王磊
陈泓
李钰怀
冶麟
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Guangzhou Automobile Group Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/10—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder
    • F02B19/1019—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber
    • F02B19/1023—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber pre-combustion chamber and cylinder being fed with fuel-air mixture(s)
    • F02B19/1028—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber pre-combustion chamber and cylinder being fed with fuel-air mixture(s) pre-combustion chamber and cylinder having both intake ports or valves, e.g. HONDS CVCC
    • F02B19/1061—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber pre-combustion chamber and cylinder being fed with fuel-air mixture(s) pre-combustion chamber and cylinder having both intake ports or valves, e.g. HONDS CVCC with residual gas chamber, e.g. containing spark plug
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/10—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder
    • F02B19/1004—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder details of combustion chamber, e.g. mounting arrangements
    • F02B19/1014—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder details of combustion chamber, e.g. mounting arrangements design parameters, e.g. volume, torch passage cross sectional area, length, orientation, or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/10—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder
    • F02B19/1019—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber
    • F02B19/1023—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber pre-combustion chamber and cylinder being fed with fuel-air mixture(s)
    • F02B19/1028—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber pre-combustion chamber and cylinder being fed with fuel-air mixture(s) pre-combustion chamber and cylinder having both intake ports or valves, e.g. HONDS CVCC
    • F02B19/1033—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber pre-combustion chamber and cylinder being fed with fuel-air mixture(s) pre-combustion chamber and cylinder having both intake ports or valves, e.g. HONDS CVCC specially adapted valves, e.g. rotary valves, pre-combustion chamber being part of a valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/10—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder
    • F02B19/1019—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber
    • F02B19/1023—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber pre-combustion chamber and cylinder being fed with fuel-air mixture(s)
    • F02B19/1028—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber pre-combustion chamber and cylinder being fed with fuel-air mixture(s) pre-combustion chamber and cylinder having both intake ports or valves, e.g. HONDS CVCC
    • F02B19/1052—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber pre-combustion chamber and cylinder being fed with fuel-air mixture(s) pre-combustion chamber and cylinder having both intake ports or valves, e.g. HONDS CVCC controlling, e.g. varying fuel-air ratio, quantity of charge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/10—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder
    • F02B19/1019—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber
    • F02B19/108—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber with fuel injection at least into pre-combustion chamber, i.e. injector mounted directly in the pre-combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/16—Chamber shapes or constructions not specific to sub-groups F02B19/02 - F02B19/10
    • F02B19/18—Transfer passages between chamber and cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
    • F02B2075/025—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle two
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
    • F02B2075/027—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle four
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种发动机及具有其的车辆，其中发动机包括预燃室本体及主燃烧室；所述预燃室本体包括废气腔及与所述废气腔连通的预燃室腔，所述预燃室腔与所述主燃烧室连通；所述废气腔还包括废气阀及弹性件，所述废气阀沿所述废气腔移动地设置于所述废气腔内，所述废气阀通过移动以改变所述废气腔的容积，所述弹性件随所述废气阀的运动而伸展或压缩。其优点表现在：有效清除预燃室内的残余废气，提高预燃室的点火稳定性和点火性能，有效提高发动机热效率；结构简单，体积小，耐久性高，操作方便。

Description

一种发动机及具有其的车辆
技术领域
本发明涉及发动机预燃室技术领域，特别是涉及一种发动机及具有其的车辆。
背景技术
在点燃式的发动机中，提高有效热效率有利于节能减排，减少燃油消耗，但是有效热效率受燃烧速度、爆震趋势、过量空气系数等的限制。
预燃室湍流射流点火技术是通过点燃预燃室内的可燃混合气，在预燃室内形成较高压力的混合气，高压混合气通过小孔发生火焰淬熄后喷向主燃烧室。预燃室喷出的扇形高温混合气点燃主燃烧室的混合气。预燃室主要通过以下三个方面提高燃烧速度：
1、扇形高温混合气提高了点火面积，实现多点点火，减少火焰传播距离；
2、经过预燃室小孔喷出的火焰发生淬熄，产生的高活性燃烧中间产物提高燃烧速度；
3、预燃室内的高温、高压混合气在高速喷进主燃烧室时能提高主燃烧室的缸内湍动能，从而提高燃烧速度。
预燃室的高燃烧速度和高的点火能量提高了稀薄燃烧极限、减少了爆震倾向。预燃室能大幅提高有效热效率，是提高点燃式发动机的有效手段。但是由于预燃室与主燃烧室的小孔通道直径较小，预燃室点燃后的残余废气不能在进气和排气冲程全部排出到主燃烧室，导致预燃室内的废气残余系数较大，在部分负荷时导致预燃室内点火燃烧不稳定，甚至失火，使得主燃烧室的燃烧稳定性较差。
综上，目前急需一种可以减少预燃室内的残余废气系数，提高预燃室内点火稳定性的发动机。
前面的叙述在于提供一般的背景信息，并不一定构成现有技术。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种发动机及具有其的车辆，该发动机旨在减少预燃室内的废气残余系数，提高预燃室内的点火稳定性。
本发明提供一种发动机，所述发动机包括预燃室本体及主燃烧室；
所述预燃室本体包括废气腔及与所述废气腔连通的预燃室腔，所述预燃室腔与所述主燃烧室连通；
所述废气腔还包括废气阀及弹性件，所述废气阀沿所述废气腔移动地设置于所述废气腔内，所述废气阀通过移动以改变所述废气腔的容积，所述弹性件随所述废气阀的运动而伸展或压缩。
进一步地，所述废气腔的最大容积是所述预燃室腔容积的20％～30％。
进一步地，所述废气阀的外侧面还设置有环设于所述废气阀上的环槽，所述环槽从所述废气阀的外侧面向内凹陷形成，所述环槽中安装有密封圈；当所述废气阀安装于所述废气腔中时，所述密封圈设置于所述废气腔的内壁与所述环槽之间。
进一步地，所述预燃室本体上设有喷射器安装孔，所述喷射器安装孔中安装有喷射器，所述喷射器的端部插入所述预燃室腔内。
进一步地，所述预燃室本体上设有火花塞安装孔，所述火花塞安装孔中安装有火花塞，所述火花塞伸入所述预燃室腔内。
进一步地，所述发动机还包括缸盖，所述预燃室本体安装在所述缸盖的顶部，并通过多个第一喷射孔与所述主燃烧室连通。
进一步地，所述预燃室腔的容积是所述主燃烧室容积的1.5％～3％。
进一步地，多个所述第一喷射孔的轴线与所述预燃室腔的中心轴呈一定的夹角。
进一步地，所述弹性件为弹簧，所述弹簧夹设于所述废气阀与所述废气腔的顶部之间。
本发明还提供一种车辆，包括上述的发动机。
本发明的发动机，通过与预燃室腔连通的废气腔，废气腔在发动机压缩冲程吸收预燃室腔的残余废气，减少预燃室的残余废气，在排气冲程排出废气腔的废气；本发明结构简单，加工方便，空间小，清除预燃室废气效率高，费用低。
附图说明
图1是一种发动机的截面结构示意图。
图2是一种发动机的废气阀、密封圈、弹性件的结构示意图。
图3是一种发动机在压缩冲程阶段、排气冲程阶段的截面结构示意图。
图4是一种发动机安装在缸盖上的截面结构示意图。
图5是一种发动机的工作流程图。
附图中涉及的附图标记和组成部分如下所示：
1、预燃室本体 11、废气腔
12、预燃室腔 13、废气通道
14、喷射器安装孔 15、火花塞安装孔
16、第一喷射孔 17、第二喷射孔
2、废气阀 21、环槽
22、密封圈 3、弹性件
4、喷射器 5、火花塞
6、缸盖 61、进气道
62、进气门 63、排气门
64、排气道 65、缸套
66、连杆 67、活塞
68、主燃烧室
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。
本发明的说明书和权利要求书中的术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”、“第四”等是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。
图1是一种发动机的截面结构示意图。请参照图1，预燃室装置包括预燃室本体1、废气阀2及弹性件3；预燃室本体1的上部设置有废气腔11，预燃室本体1的下部设置有预燃室腔12；废气腔11和预燃室腔12通过废气通道13进行连通；此外，废气通道13为圆柱形通道，废气通道13的直径为1～2mm，废气通道13的数量可为1个或多个。
废气阀2安装在所述废气腔11中，需要说明的是，废气阀2与废气腔11的结合，类似于注射器的针筒和活塞的组合；弹性件3一端顶在废气阀2上、另一端顶在废气腔11的顶部；当发动机在压缩冲程阶段时，废气阀2向上移动，废气腔11吸收预燃室腔12中的残余废气；当发动机在排气冲程阶段时，废气阀2在弹性件3的作用下向下移动，排出所述废气腔11中的废气。
废气腔11的最大容积是预燃室腔12容积的20％～30％；需要说明的是，废气腔11的最大容积是指在发动机压缩冲程阶段，废气阀2向上移动到最顶端时废气腔11的内部容积。
图2是一种发动机的废气阀、密封圈、弹性件的结构示意图。请参照图2，废气阀2的外侧面还设置有环槽21，环槽21沿废气阀2的周向向侧面内凹陷形成，环槽21中安装有密封圈22；当废气阀2安装于废气腔11中时，密封圈22紧贴于废气腔11的内壁，以使废气腔11与外界保持密闭。
图1是一种发动机的截面结构示意图。请参照图1，预燃室本体1上设有喷射器安装孔14，喷射器4通过压紧的方式安装在喷射器安装孔14中，安装时喷射器4的头部插在预燃室腔12内。需要说明的是，该喷射器4在进气冲程或压缩冲程时向预燃室腔12内喷入适量的燃料，以保持预燃室可靠点火。预燃室本体1上还设有火花塞安装孔15，火花塞5通过螺纹结合的方式安装在火花塞安装孔15中，火花塞5头部点火装置伸入预燃室腔12内。
图1是一种发动机的截面结构示意图，图4是一种发动机安装在缸盖上的截面结构示意图。请参照图1、图4，预燃室本体1通过螺纹结合方式或者压紧的方式安装在缸盖6的顶部，预燃室本体1的下端设置有第一喷射孔16和第二喷射孔17，第一喷射孔16的孔径为1～2mm，孔数为4～12个，第一喷射孔16的轴线与预燃室腔12的中心轴呈一定的夹角；第二喷射孔17的轴线和预燃室腔12的中心轴重合；当预燃室本体1安装在缸盖6上时，第一喷射孔16和第二喷射孔17用于使预燃室腔12与所述缸盖6上的主燃烧室68进行气体交换。此外，预燃室腔12的容积是主燃烧室68容积的1.5％～3％。
缸盖6上部一边设有进气道61，另一边设有排气道64，进气道61和排气道64是空腔结构，气体可以沿气道进行流动；进气道61和排气道64均和主燃烧室68连通；进气道61和排气道64中分别安装有进气门62和排气门63，进气门62和排气门63可以沿着安装孔轴线方向上下移动；进气门62与排气门63的密封面与缸盖6的密封面重合，用于密封气体。进气门62打开时，气体流进缸内；排气门63打开时，气体流出缸外。
缸盖6通过压紧方式安装有喷射器4，喷射器4喷出燃油到主燃烧室68；缸盖6的下端通过螺纹方式连接有缸套65，缸套65的轴心与缸盖6的主燃烧室68的中心重合。缸盖6和缸套65的结合面涂有胶，用于密封气体。
活塞67安装在缸套65里面，活塞67轴线与缸套65中心重合，活塞67与缸套65之间有两个气环、一个油环，同心安装，分别用于密封高温高压气体和润滑油。需要说明的是，主燃烧室68是由缸盖6、缸套65、进气门62、排气门63及活塞67组成的空腔结构。
图3是一种发动机在压缩冲程阶段、排气冲程阶段的截面结构示意图，图4是一种发动机安装在缸盖上的截面结构示意图，图5是一种发动机的工作流程图。请参照图3-5，以往复式的四冲程发动机为例。
发动机的工作工程：
①在进气冲程时，进气门62开启，排气门63关闭，活塞67向下运动，空气从进气道61进入主燃烧室68。喷射器4向主燃烧室68内喷入一定质量的燃料。
②在压缩冲程时，进气门62、排气门63均关闭，活塞67向上运动。同时废气阀2在气体的推力下向上运动，使得废气腔11的工作容积达到最大；同时预燃室腔12的一部分残余废气进入废气腔11，减少了预燃室腔12的残余废气。废气腔11的最大工作容积在不同发动机转速和负荷时可以设置不同，需要通过实验来确定该负荷下能产生发动机最高有效热效率的废气腔11的最大工作容积。
③预燃室腔12上面的喷射器4在进气冲程或压缩冲程向预燃室腔喷入适量的燃料，以保持预燃室可靠点火。
④在压缩冲程末端，活塞67将要到达上止点时，火花塞5点火引燃预燃室腔12的燃料。预燃室腔12内的压力上升，高温混合气通过第一喷射孔16和第二喷射孔17喷进主燃烧室68。
⑤做功冲程，主燃烧室68内的混合气被点燃，推动活塞67向下运功。
⑥在排气冲程，排气门63开启，进气门62关闭，活塞67向上运动，已经燃烧过的废气从主燃烧室68进入排气道64。废气阀2在弹性件3的作用下运动到下止点，使得废气腔11的体积为0。这个操作的目的是将废气腔11里面的残余废气挤出到主燃烧室68。
⑦重复步骤①～⑥，循环往复。
以二冲程发动机为例，本发明发动机的工作工程：
二冲程发动机气缸体上有三个孔，即进气孔、排气孔和换气孔，这三个孔分别在一定时刻由活塞关闭。其工作循环包含两个行程：
①第一冲程：活塞自下止点向上移动，三个气孔同时被关闭后，进入气缸的混合气被压缩；废气阀2在气体的推力下向上运动，使得废气腔11的工作容积达到最大；同时预燃室腔12的一部分残余废气进入废气腔11，减少了预燃室腔12的残余废气。在进气孔露出时，可燃混合气流入曲轴箱。
②第二冲程：活塞压缩到上止点附近时，火花塞点燃可燃混合气，燃气膨胀推动活塞下移作功。废气阀2在弹性件3的作用下运动到下止点，使得废气腔11的体积为0；这时进气孔关闭，密闭在曲轴箱内的可燃混合气被压缩；当活塞接近下止点时排气孔开启，废气冲出；随后换气孔开启，受预压的可燃混合气冲入气缸，驱除废气，进行换气过程。
③重复步骤①～②，循环往复。
基于上文的描述可知，本发明优点在于：
1、本发明通过与预燃室腔连通的废气腔，废气腔在发动机压缩冲程吸收预燃室腔的残余废气，减少预燃室的残余废气，在排气冲程排出废气腔的废气。有效清除预燃室内的残余废气，提高预燃室的点火稳定性和点火性能，有效提高发动机热效率。
2、本发明发动机结构简单，体积小，耐久性高，操作方便。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (10)

1.一种发动机，其特征在于，所述发动机包括预燃室本体(1)及主燃烧室(68)；
所述预燃室本体(1)的上部设置有废气腔(11)，所述预燃室本体(1)的下部设置有预燃室腔(12)，所述废气腔(11)和所述预燃室腔(12)通过位于所述预燃室本体(1)中部的废气通道(13)连通，所述预燃室腔(12)与所述主燃烧室(68)连通；
所述废气腔(11)还包括废气阀(2)及弹性件(3)，所述废气阀(2)沿所述废气腔(11)可移动地设置于所述废气腔(11)内，所述废气阀(2)通过移动以改变所述废气腔(11)的容积，所述弹性件(3)随所述废气阀(2)的运动而伸展或压缩。
2.根据权利要求1所述的发动机，其特征在于，所述废气腔(11)的最大容积是所述预燃室腔(12)容积的20％～30％。
3.根据权利要求1所述的发动机，其特征在于，所述废气阀(2)的外侧面还设置有环设于所述废气阀上的环槽(21)，所述环槽(21)从所述废气阀(2)的外侧面向内凹陷形成，所述环槽(21)中安装有密封圈(22)；当所述废气阀(2)安装于所述废气腔(11)中时，所述密封圈(22)设置于所述废气腔(11)的内壁与所述环槽(21)之间。
4.根据权利要求1所述的发动机，其特征在于，所述预燃室本体(1)上设有喷射器安装孔(14)，所述喷射器安装孔(14)中安装有喷射器(4)，所述喷射器(4)的端部插入所述预燃室腔(12)内。
5.根据权利要求1所述的发动机，其特征在于，所述预燃室本体(1)上设有火花塞安装孔(15)，所述火花塞安装孔(15)中安装有火花塞(5)，所述火花塞(5)伸入所述预燃室腔(12)内。
6.根据权利要求1所述的发动机，其特征在于，所述发动机还包括缸盖(6)，所述预燃室本体(1)安装在所述缸盖(6)的顶部，并通过多个第一喷射孔(16)与所述主燃烧室(68)连通。
7.根据权利要求6所述的发动机，其特征在于，所述预燃室腔(12)的容积是所述主燃烧室(68)容积的1.5％～3％。
8.根据权利要求6所述的发动机，其特征在于，多个所述第一喷射孔(16)的轴线与所述预燃室腔(12)的中心轴呈一定的夹角。
9.根据权利要求1所述的发动机，其特征在于，所述弹性件(3)为弹簧，所述弹簧夹设于所述废气阀(2)与所述废气腔(11)的顶部之间。
10.一种车辆，其特征在于：包括权利要求1至9中任意一项所述的发动机。
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