CN114134423B - Ultrashort-flow rare earth oriented silicon steel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Ultrashort-flow rare earth oriented silicon steel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgy, and relates to an ultrashort-flow rare earth oriented silicon steel and a preparation method thereof, wherein the ultrashort-flow rare earth oriented silicon steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 2.0-4.5%, C: less than or equal to 0.003 percent, Y: 0.001-0.05%, Mn: 0.15-0.35%, Al: 0.03 to 0.04%, Cu: 0-0.5%, S: 0.025-0.04%, N: 0.011-0.013%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements. The preparation process comprises the following steps: smelting molten steel, continuously casting thin strips, cold rolling, and recrystallizing and annealing. Compared with the conventional production mode, the working procedures of continuous casting, rough rolling, hot continuous rolling, normalizing, decarburization annealing and the like are eliminated, and the production flow is greatly simplified. By adding the rare earth element yttrium, the precipitation of the inhibitor is promoted, the solidification structure of the thin strip continuous casting silicon steel is obviously refined, the uniformity of the structure is improved, uniform and fine isometric crystals are obtained, and the performance of the oriented silicon steel is optimized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgy, and relates to ultrashort-flow rare earth oriented silicon steel and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Oriented silicon steel is the most widely applied transformer core material, has irreplaceable effect on the development of industries such as electric power, electronics, national defense and the like due to the improvement of magnetic performance, and is also a steel product with high added value and strategic significance. Meanwhile, the preparation process of the oriented silicon steel is extremely long, the process requirements are extremely strict, and the method mainly comprises the following steps: smelting, continuous casting, heating of a casting blank, hot rolling, normalizing, cold rolling, decarburization annealing, high-temperature annealing and the like. Therefore, the basic application research of the short-flow, green and high-efficiency preparation of the high-performance oriented silicon steel is very important.
The thin strip continuous casting refers to a forming process for directly producing a thin strip with the thickness of 1-5 mm from liquid metal. Molten steel is cast into a molten pool formed by two casting rolls rotating in opposite directions and side sealing plates, a solidified shell is quickly formed on the surfaces of the casting rolls, and the solidified shell is quickly grown and folded along with the rotation of the casting rolls to finish solidification. The technology is a short-flow near-net-shape forming process integrating rapid solidification and rolling deformation, and can eliminate important processes such as continuous casting, rough rolling, hot continuous rolling, normalization and the like in the conventional flow. Since the strip casting process does not involve a hot rolling process, the solidification structure and defects of a casting blank have a great influence on the performance of a final product, and obtaining fine and uniform equiaxed crystals is very important for improving the magnetic performance of the oriented silicon steel. The thin strip continuous casting has the characteristic of rapidly solidifying the molten steel, and the flexible control of the solidification structure of the oriented silicon steel can be realized by virtue of the rapid cooling rate of the thin strip continuous casting. However, in the actual production process, the uniformity of the solidification structure needs to be improved due to process fluctuation.
Chinese invention patent (publication No. CN102049479B) discloses a method for preparing a non-oriented silicon steel isometric crystal thin strip blank by twin-roll thin strip continuous casting, wherein a casting blank with isometric crystal ratio of 100% is obtained by controlling three process parameters of superheat degree of molten steel on the upper surface of a molten pool, contact arc length of the molten steel in the molten pool and a roller surface of a crystallization roller and contact time of the molten steel in the molten pool and the roller surface of the crystallization roller. But the control process is difficult and the operation flow is complex.
The Chinese invention patent (publication No. CN104294155A) discloses a preparation method of ultra-low carbon oriented silicon steel, which is mainly characterized in that ultra-low carbon design and two-stage cold rolling process are adopted to prepare high magnetic induction oriented silicon steel in terms of components, and the technology further omits the decarburization annealing process while the continuous casting, hot rolling and normalizing processes are omitted. However, the ultra-low carbon content oriented silicon steel also has a problem that precipitation of inhibitors such as single-phase ferrite AlN is difficult, and precipitation needs to be promoted by a two-stage cold rolling intermediate annealing process.
The Chinese invention patent (publication No. CN111763872B) discloses a production process of rare earth microalloy oriented silicon steel, which is mainly characterized in that an inhibitor is improved and the performance of a finished product is improved by adding mixed rare earth elements of lanthanum, cerium and neodymium and metal vanadium. But the preparation method still adopts the conventional process, the production process is complex, and the process requirement is strict.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of long preparation process, strict process, difficult precipitation of an inhibitor of the ultra-low carbon content oriented silicon steel and the like of the conventional oriented silicon steel, the invention provides the ultra-short process rare earth oriented silicon steel and the preparation method thereof.
The invention provides an ultrashort-flow rare earth oriented silicon steel, which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: si: 2.0-4.5%, C: less than or equal to 0.003 percent, Y: 0.001-0.05%, Mn: 0.15-0.35%, Al: 0.03 to 0.04%, Cu: 0-0.5%, S: 0.025-0.04%, N: 0.011-0.013%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements.
The invention provides a preparation method of ultra-short process rare earth oriented silicon steel, which comprises the following steps: a molten steel smelting process, a strip continuous casting process, a cold rolling process and a recrystallization annealing process;
molten steel smelting process: smelting molten steel according to set components, wherein the chemical composition and the weight percentage of the chemical composition are as follows: 2.0-4.5%, C: less than or equal to 0.003 percent, Y: 0.001-0.05%, Mn: 0.15-0.35%, Al: 0.03 to 0.04%, Cu: 0-0.5%, S: 0.025-0.04%, N: 0.011-0.013%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements;
strip continuous casting process: molten steel enters a preheated tundish through a pouring gate, and then the molten steel in the tundish flows into a molten pool formed by a crystallization roller and a side sealing plate through a pouring nozzle and is finally rapidly solidified into a casting strip with the thickness of 2-2.5 mm;
a cold rolling procedure: cooling the cast strip out of the roll to room temperature by water, pickling by hydrochloric acid after cooling, then cold rolling at room temperature, and directly cold rolling to 0.2-0.35mm by adopting a one-stage cold rolling process;
a recrystallization annealing step: carrying out primary recrystallization annealing on the cold-rolled sheet at 850-950 ℃; and then coating the separant, performing secondary recrystallization annealing, heating to 1200-1250 ℃ at the speed of 50-150 ℃/h, and performing annealing after heat preservation for 10-20 h to obtain the rare earth oriented silicon steel finished product.
In the preparation method of the ultrashort-flow rare earth oriented silicon steel, the preheating temperature of a tundish is 1200-1250 ℃ in the thin strip continuous casting process.
In the preparation method of the ultrashort-flow rare earth oriented silicon steel, in the strip continuous casting process, the superheat degree in a molten pool is controlled to be 10-20 ℃, the liquid level height of the molten pool is controlled to be 100-150 mm, the casting speed is controlled to be 30-50 m/min, and in order to prevent molten steel from being oxidized, the smelting and casting processes are carried out under the protection of inert gas.
In the preparation method of the ultrashort-flow rare earth oriented silicon steel, the primary recrystallization annealing heat preservation time is 180-300 s in the recrystallization annealing process.
In the preparation method of the ultrashort-flow rare earth oriented silicon steel, in the recrystallization annealing process, the recrystallization annealing is carried out twice under the condition that the ratio of the mixed atmosphere of nitrogen and hydrogen is 1:3, and the dew point of the mixed atmosphere is controlled to be below minus 30 ℃.
In the preparation method of the ultrashort-flow rare earth oriented silicon steel, the thickness of the prepared oriented silicon steel finished product is 0.2-0.35mm, the magnetic induction intensity B8 is 1.87-1.95T, and the iron loss P17/50 is 0.9-1.1W/kg.
The ultrashort-flow rare earth oriented silicon steel and the preparation method thereof have the following beneficial effects that:
1. according to the preparation method of the ultra-short process rare earth oriented silicon steel, disclosed by the invention, based on thin-strip continuous casting, the design of ultra-low carbon components is adopted, the related heating processes of continuous casting, rough rolling, hot continuous rolling, normalizing, decarburization annealing and the like in the conventional process for preparing the oriented silicon steel are omitted, and the production process is greatly simplified.
2. According to the invention, rare earth yttrium (Y) element is added into the oriented silicon steel, so that the interface energy of the inhibitor and the matrix is reduced, the precipitation of AlN and other inhibitors is promoted, and the technical problem of difficult precipitation of single-phase ferrite structure inhibitors caused by ultra-low carbon composition design is solved. On the other hand, the addition of the rare earth element Y obviously refines the solidification structure of the thin strip continuous casting silicon steel, improves the structure uniformity, obtains uniform and fine isometric crystals and further optimizes the performance of the oriented silicon steel.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to an ultrashort flow rare earth oriented silicon steel, which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: si: 2.0-4.5%, C: less than or equal to 0.003 percent, Y: 0.001-0.05%, Mn: 0.15-0.35%, Al: 0.03 to 0.04%, Cu: 0-0.5%, S: 0.025-0.04%, N: 0.011-0.013%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements.
The preparation method of the ultrashort-flow rare earth oriented silicon steel comprises the following steps: a molten steel smelting process, a strip continuous casting process, a cold rolling process and a recrystallization annealing process;
molten steel smelting process: smelting molten steel according to set components, wherein the chemical composition and the weight percentage of the chemical composition are as follows: 2.0-4.5%, C: less than or equal to 0.003 percent, Y: 0.001-0.05%, Mn: 0.15-0.35%, Al: 0.03 to 0.04%, Cu: 0-0.5%, S: 0.025-0.04%, N: 0.011-0.013%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements;
strip continuous casting process: molten steel enters a tundish through a pouring gate, the preheating temperature of the tundish is 1200-1250 ℃, and then the molten steel in the tundish flows into a molten pool formed by a crystallization roller and a side sealing plate through a pouring nozzle and is finally rapidly solidified into a casting strip with the thickness of 2-2.5 mm; controlling the superheat degree in the molten pool to be 10-20 ℃, controlling the liquid level height of the molten pool to be 100-150 mm, controlling the casting speed to be 30-50 m/min, and carrying out the smelting and casting processes under the protection of inert gas in order to prevent molten steel from being oxidized;
a cold rolling procedure: cooling the cast strip out of the roll to room temperature by water, pickling by hydrochloric acid after cooling, then cold rolling at room temperature, and directly cold rolling to 0.2-0.35mm by adopting a one-stage cold rolling process;
a recrystallization annealing step: carrying out primary recrystallization annealing on the cold-rolled sheet at 850-950 ℃ for 180-300 s; and then coating the separant, performing secondary recrystallization annealing, heating to 1200-1250 ℃ at the speed of 50-150 ℃/h, and performing annealing after heat preservation for 10-20 h to obtain the rare earth oriented silicon steel finished product. The two recrystallization anneals are carried out under the condition that the ratio of the mixed atmosphere of nitrogen and hydrogen is 1:3, and the dew point of the mixed atmosphere is controlled below minus 30 ℃.
The rare earth elements have special effects in the metal field, not only can purify molten steel, but also can be used as a modifier to improve the microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy. Wherein, the compound formed by the heavy rare earth yttrium element in the molten steel has low density and is easier to float upwards and remove. And the difference between the atomic radius and the iron atomic radius is large, so that the steel has better solid solution strengthening effect. Therefore, the addition of the rare earth elements can well improve the uniformity of the initial solidification structure of the oriented silicon steel and obtain fine and uniform equiaxed crystals.
The invention provides a preparation method of the rare earth oriented silicon steel with an ultrashort flow by utilizing the characteristics of the heavy rare earth yttrium element in molten steel, and the production flow is greatly simplified. The ultra-low carbon oriented silicon steel component system is selected according to the strip continuous casting characteristics, and the technical problem of difficult precipitation of inhibitors such as single-phase ferrite AlN and the like caused by ultra-low carbon component design is solved through rare earth microalloying. Meanwhile, the addition of the rare earth elements refines the as-cast structure of the thin-strip continuous casting silicon steel, and fine and uniform equiaxed crystals are obtained.
The production process of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
Example 1
A preparation method of ultrashort-flow rare earth oriented silicon steel comprises the following steps:
smelting molten steel: smelting molten steel according to set components, and selecting an ultra-low carbon oriented silicon steel component system according to the characteristics of strip continuous casting, wherein the ultra-low carbon oriented silicon steel component system comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 4.2%, C: 0.0028%, Y: 0.001%, Mn: 0.34%, Al: 0.037%, Cu: 0.45%, S: 0.038%, N: 0.012%, the rest is Fe and inevitable impurity elements;
strip continuous casting: molten steel enters a tundish through a pouring gate, the preheating temperature of the tundish is 1200 ℃, the molten steel in the tundish flows into a molten pool formed by a crystallization roller and a side sealing plate through a pouring nozzle, and the molten steel is finally and rapidly solidified into a casting strip with the thickness of 2.5 mm. Controlling the superheat degree in the molten pool to be 20 ℃, controlling the liquid level height of the molten pool to be 150mm, controlling the casting speed to be 50m/min, and carrying out the smelting and casting processes under the protection of inert gas in order to prevent the molten steel from being oxidized.
Cold rolling; taking the cast strip out of the roll, cooling the cast strip to room temperature by water, cooling the cast strip, pickling the cast strip by hydrochloric acid, cold rolling the cast strip at room temperature, and directly cold rolling the cast strip to 0.35mm by adopting a one-stage cold rolling process;
and (3) recrystallization annealing: carrying out primary recrystallization annealing on the cold-rolled sheet at 850 ℃ for 180 s; and then coating the separant, performing secondary recrystallization annealing, heating to 1200 ℃ at the speed of 50 ℃/h, and keeping the temperature for 10h for annealing to obtain the rare earth oriented silicon steel finished product.
The two recrystallization anneals are all carried out under the condition that the ratio of the mixed atmosphere of nitrogen and hydrogen is 1:3, and the dew point of the mixed atmosphere is controlled below minus 30 ℃.
The magnetic induction intensity B8 of the rare earth oriented silicon steel finished product produced by the method is 1.87T, and the iron loss is 1.1W/kg.
Example 2
A preparation method of ultrashort-flow rare earth oriented silicon steel comprises the following steps:
smelting molten steel: smelting molten steel according to set components, and selecting an ultra-low carbon oriented silicon steel component system according to the characteristics of strip continuous casting, wherein the ultra-low carbon oriented silicon steel component system comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 3.6%, C: 0.002%, Y: 0.005%, Mn: 0.28%, Al: 0.036%, Cu: 0.39%, S: 0.033%, N: 0.012%, the rest is Fe and inevitable impurity elements;
strip continuous casting: molten steel enters a tundish through a pouring gate, the preheating temperature of the tundish is 1200 ℃, the molten steel in the tundish flows into a molten pool formed by a crystallization roller and a side sealing plate through a pouring nozzle, and the molten steel is finally rapidly solidified into a casting strip with the thickness of 2.3 mm. Controlling the superheat degree in the molten pool to be 20 ℃, controlling the liquid level height of the molten pool to be 130mm, controlling the casting speed to be 40m/min, and carrying out the smelting and casting processes under the protection of inert gas in order to prevent the molten steel from being oxidized.
Cold rolling: taking the cast strip out of the roll, cooling the cast strip to room temperature by water, cooling the cast strip, pickling the cast strip by hydrochloric acid, cold rolling the cast strip at room temperature, and directly cold rolling the cast strip to 0.3mm by adopting a one-stage cold rolling process;
and (3) recrystallization annealing: performing primary recrystallization annealing on the cold-rolled sheet at 850 ℃ for 300 s; and then coating the separant, performing secondary recrystallization annealing, heating to 1250 ℃ at the speed of 50 ℃/h, and keeping the temperature for 10h for annealing to obtain the rare earth oriented silicon steel finished product.
The two recrystallization anneals are all carried out under the condition that the ratio of the nitrogen to the hydrogen mixed atmosphere is 1:3, and the dew point of the mixed atmosphere is controlled below minus 30 ℃.
The magnetic induction intensity B8 of the rare earth oriented silicon steel finished product produced by the method is 1.89T, and the iron loss is 1.0W/kg
Example 3
A preparation method of ultrashort-flow rare earth oriented silicon steel comprises the following steps:
smelting molten steel: smelting molten steel according to set components, and selecting an ultra-low carbon oriented silicon steel component system according to the characteristics of strip continuous casting, wherein the ultra-low carbon oriented silicon steel component system comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 3.0%, C: 0.0018%, Y: 0.01%, Mn: 0.22%, Al: 0.031%, Cu: 0.28%, S: 0.029%, N: 0.012%, the rest is Fe and inevitable impurity elements;
strip continuous casting: molten steel enters a tundish through a pouring gate, the preheating temperature of the tundish is 1250 ℃, the molten steel in the tundish flows into a molten pool formed by a crystallization roller and a side sealing plate through a pouring nozzle, and the molten steel is finally and rapidly solidified into a casting strip with the thickness of 2.2 mm. Controlling the superheat degree in the molten pool to be 15 ℃, controlling the liquid level height of the molten pool to be 120mm, controlling the casting speed to be 35m/min, and carrying out the smelting and casting processes under the protection of inert gas in order to prevent the molten steel from being oxidized.
Cold rolling: taking the cast strip out of the roll, cooling the cast strip to room temperature by water, cooling the cast strip, pickling the cast strip by hydrochloric acid, cold rolling the cast strip at room temperature, and directly cold rolling the cast strip to 0.27mm by adopting a one-stage cold rolling process;
and (3) recrystallization annealing: and (3) performing primary recrystallization annealing on the cold-rolled sheet at 900 ℃ for 180s, then coating the separant, performing secondary recrystallization annealing, heating to 1250 ℃ at the speed of 100 ℃/h, and keeping the temperature for 15h for annealing to obtain the rare earth oriented silicon steel finished product.
The two recrystallization anneals are all carried out under the condition that the ratio of the nitrogen to the hydrogen mixed atmosphere is 1:3, and the dew point of the mixed atmosphere is controlled below minus 30 ℃.
The magnetic induction intensity B8 of the rare earth oriented silicon steel finished product produced by the method is 1.90T, and the iron loss is 1.05W/kg
Example 4
A preparation method of ultrashort-flow rare earth oriented silicon steel comprises the following steps:
smelting molten steel: smelting molten steel according to set components, and selecting an ultra-low carbon oriented silicon steel component system according to the characteristics of strip continuous casting, wherein the ultra-low carbon oriented silicon steel component system comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 2.1%, C: 0.0015%, Y: 0.05%, Mn: 0.2%, Al: 0.03%, Cu: 0.15%, S: 0.025%, N: 0.011 percent, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements;
strip continuous casting: molten steel enters a tundish through a pouring gate, the preheating temperature of the tundish is 1250 ℃, the molten steel in the tundish flows into a molten pool formed by a crystallization roller and a side sealing plate through a pouring nozzle, and the molten steel is finally and rapidly solidified into a casting strip with the thickness of 2.0 mm. Controlling the superheat degree in the molten pool to be 10 ℃, controlling the liquid level height of the molten pool to be 100mm, controlling the casting speed to be 30m/min, and carrying out the smelting and casting processes under the protection of inert gas in order to prevent the molten steel from being oxidized.
Cold rolling: taking the cast strip out of the roll, cooling the cast strip to room temperature by water, cooling the cast strip, pickling the cast strip by hydrochloric acid, cold rolling the cast strip at room temperature, and directly cold rolling the cast strip to 0.18mm by adopting a one-stage cold rolling process;
and (3) recrystallization annealing: and (3) performing primary recrystallization annealing on the cold-rolled sheet at 950 ℃ for 180s, then coating the separant, performing secondary recrystallization annealing, heating to 1250 ℃ at the speed of 150 ℃/h, and performing annealing after heat preservation for 20h to obtain the rare earth oriented silicon steel finished product.
The two recrystallization anneals are all carried out under the condition that the ratio of the nitrogen to the hydrogen mixed atmosphere is 1:3, and the dew point of the mixed atmosphere is controlled below minus 30 ℃.
The magnetic induction intensity B8 of the rare earth oriented silicon steel finished product produced by the method is 1.95T, and the iron loss is 0.9W/kg.
Table 1:
| yttrium content (%) | Magnetic property P17/50(W/kg) | Magnetic induction B8(T) |
| 0.001 | 1.1 | 1.87 |
| 0.005 | 1.0 | 1.89 |
| 0.01 | 1.05 | 1.90 |
| 0.05 | 0.9 | 1.95 |
Table 1 shows the relationship between the yttrium content and the magnetic properties of the finished rare-earth-oriented silicon steel product in 4 examples. It is known from the table that the magnetic performance of the rare earth oriented silicon steel finished product is better and better along with the increase of the yttrium content.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, which is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of ultrashort-flow rare earth oriented silicon steel is characterized by comprising the following steps: a molten steel smelting process, a strip continuous casting process, a cold rolling process and a recrystallization annealing process;
molten steel smelting process: smelting molten steel according to set components, wherein the chemical composition and the weight percentage of the chemical composition are as follows: 2.0-4.5%, C: less than or equal to 0.003 percent, Y: 0.001 to 0.05%, Mn: 0.15-0.35%, Al: 0.03 to 0.04%, Cu: 0-0.5%, S: 0.025-0.04%, N: 0.011-0.013%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements;
strip continuous casting process: molten steel enters a preheated tundish through a pouring gate, and then the molten steel in the tundish flows into a molten pool formed by a crystallization roller and a side sealing plate through a pouring nozzle and is finally rapidly solidified into a casting strip with the thickness of 2-2.5 mm;
a cold rolling procedure: cooling the cast strip out of the roll to room temperature by water, pickling by hydrochloric acid after cooling, then cold rolling at room temperature, and directly cold rolling to 0.2-0.35mm by adopting a one-stage cold rolling process;
a recrystallization annealing step: carrying out primary recrystallization annealing on the cold-rolled sheet at 850-950 ℃; and then coating the separant, performing secondary recrystallization annealing, heating to 1200-1250 ℃ at the speed of 50-150 ℃/h, and performing annealing after heat preservation for 10-20 h to obtain the rare earth oriented silicon steel finished product.
2. The method for preparing ultra-short process rare earth oriented silicon steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the thin strip continuous casting process, the preheating temperature of the tundish is 1200-1250 ℃.
3. The method for preparing ultra-short process rare earth oriented silicon steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the strip continuous casting process, the superheat degree in the molten pool is controlled to be 10-20 ℃, the liquid level height of the molten pool is controlled to be 100-150 mm, the casting speed is controlled to be 30-50 m/min, and in order to prevent molten steel from being oxidized, the smelting and casting processes are carried out under the protection of inert gas.
4. The method for preparing ultra-short process rare earth oriented silicon steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the recrystallization annealing process, the holding time of the primary recrystallization annealing is 180-300 s.
5. The method for preparing ultra-short process rare earth oriented silicon steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the recrystallization annealing process, the two recrystallization anneals are carried out under the condition that the ratio of the mixed atmosphere of nitrogen and hydrogen is 1:3, and the dew point of the mixed atmosphere is controlled below-30 ℃.
6. The method for preparing ultra-short process rare earth oriented silicon steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the prepared oriented silicon steel finished product is 0.2-0.35mm, the magnetic induction B8 is 1.87-1.95T, and the iron loss P17/50 is 0.9-1.1W/kg.
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