CN114131359B

CN114131359B - Clamping device

Info

Publication number: CN114131359B
Application number: CN202111459852.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘争; 史海军; 赵洪杰; 张泽; 何万林; 张素燕; 吴雪松; 刘凤财; 孙长征; 杜娟; 张海洋; 王淼; 高宗昊; 刘萃伦
Original assignee: Capital Aerospace Machinery Co Ltd
Current assignee: Capital Aerospace Machinery Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-12-02
Filing date: 2021-12-02
Publication date: 2023-05-02
Anticipated expiration: 2041-12-02
Also published as: CN114131359A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of clamping of non-ferromagnetic parts, in particular to a clamping device. The clamping device comprises a fixed bracket, a magnetic attraction structure and an adapting structure, wherein the fixed bracket is detachably and fixedly connected to a machine tool, and the machine tool is used for processing parts made of nonferromagnetic materials; the magnetic structure is detachably connected to the fixed support and is positioned on the fixed support at a position far away from the machine tool; one end of the switching structure is detachably connected with the part to be processed, and the other end of the switching structure is suitable for being magnetically connected with the magnetic attraction structure. According to the clamping device provided by the invention, the magnetic clamping connection of the parts made of the nonferromagnetic materials is realized under the assistance of the switching structure, the clamping force is convenient to control in the processing process, the clamping force is uniform, and the deformation of the product in the processing process is small.

Description

Clamping device

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of clamping of non-ferromagnetic parts, in particular to a clamping device.

Background

The thin-wall structural member with large size and weak rigidity is made of nonferromagnetic materials, is generally cylindrical and is provided with windows which are unevenly distributed, and the internal grids are multiple and complex in type; wherein, the internal grid of part of the thin-wall structural member has unequal rib width and wall thickness and irregular distribution. The thin-wall structural member needs to pay special attention to product deformation in the processing process so as to ensure the final dimensional accuracy of the product, and the processing difficulty of the thin-wall structural member is high.

The machining of the thin-wall structural member is generally turning, milling and reciprocating alternation, and clamping of the thin-wall structure in the machining process is generally realized by adopting a pressing plate compacting and clamping mode. However, because the product structure of the thin-wall structural member is complex, clamping force is difficult to control in the pressing plate pressing process, and the clamping force is uneven, so that the product deformation is large in the processing process, and the roundness of the thin-wall structural member is poor.

Disclosure of Invention

Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects that the clamping force of a thin-wall structural part made of a non-ferromagnetic material in the prior art is difficult to control, the clamping force is uneven, and the deformation of a product in the processing process is large and the roundness is poor easily caused, so that the clamping device with the advantages of convenient control of the clamping force, even clamping force and small product deformation in the clamping process is provided.

In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a clamping device which comprises a fixed bracket, a magnetic attraction structure and an adapter structure, wherein the fixed bracket is detachably and fixedly connected to a machine tool, and the machine tool is used for processing parts made of nonferromagnetic materials; the magnetic structure is detachably connected to the fixed support and is positioned on the fixed support at a position far away from the machine tool; one end of the switching structure is detachably connected with the part to be processed, and the other end of the switching structure is suitable for being magnetically connected with the magnetic attraction structure.

The invention provides a clamping device, which is characterized in that an adapting structure comprises a magnetic conduction part and a connecting part; the magnetic conduction part is suitable for being magnetically connected with the magnetic attraction structure; one end of the connecting part is detachably connected with the magnetic conduction part through a fastener, and the other end of the connecting part is detachably connected with the part to be processed.

According to the clamping device provided by the invention, the connecting groove is formed in the bottom allowance of the part, the connecting surface of the connecting part, which is connected with the part, is provided with the convex connecting block, and the connecting block is suitable for being connected in the connecting groove.

According to the clamping device provided by the invention, the connecting groove is a dovetail groove, and the connecting block is a wedge-shaped block matched with the dovetail groove in shape.

According to the clamping device provided by the invention, the connecting groove is formed by extending the outer circumference of the part inwards.

According to the clamping device provided by the invention, the connecting groove extends along the radial direction of the part.

According to the clamping device provided by the invention, the magnetic attraction structure and the switching structure are provided with a plurality of groups, the switching structures are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the part, the magnetic attraction structures are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the fixed support, and each group of switching structures is matched with one group of magnetic attraction structures.

The invention provides a clamping device, wherein a magnetic attraction structure comprises an electromagnetic chuck and a magnetic conduction block; the magnetic conduction block is arranged on the electromagnetic chuck and is provided with a magnetic conduction surface which is suitable for being magnetically connected with the switching structure.

According to the clamping device provided by the invention, the three groups of magnetic blocks of the magnetic structure are fixed magnetic blocks with fixed heights, the multiple groups of magnetic blocks of the magnetic structure are floating magnetic blocks with floatable heights, the three groups of magnetic structures with the fixed magnetic blocks are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the fixed support, and the multiple groups of magnetic structures with the floating magnetic blocks are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the fixed support.

The clamping device provided by the invention further comprises a control structure, wherein the control structure is in communication connection with the electromagnetic chuck and is suitable for controlling the electromagnetic chuck to conduct on-off magnetic switching for a plurality of times in the part machining process.

The invention has the following advantages:

1. the clamping device comprises a fixed bracket, a magnetic attraction structure and an adapter structure, wherein the fixed bracket is detachably and fixedly connected to a machine tool, and the machine tool is used for processing parts made of nonferromagnetic materials; the magnetic structure is detachably connected to the fixed support and is positioned on the fixed support at a position far away from the machine tool; one end of the switching structure is detachably connected with the part to be processed, and the other end of the switching structure is suitable for being magnetically connected with the magnetic attraction structure.

The parts made of the nonferromagnetic materials are magnetically clamped and connected with the aid of the switching structure, clamping force is convenient to control in the processing process, the clamping force is uniform, and deformation of products in the processing process is small; if the thin-wall structural member and other parts are processed, the magnetic clamping can be used for rapidly switching on and off the magnetic switching loose clamping state, and releasing deformation, so that the final roundness of the thin-wall structural member is good.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of a clamping device according to the invention;

FIG. 2 shows an enlarged view of portion A of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the clamping device of the present invention;

FIG. 4 shows an enlarged view of portion B of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 shows a schematic view of the clamping device of the present invention in a clamped state;

fig. 6 shows a schematic view of the clamping device according to the invention in the released state.

Reference numerals illustrate:

1. a fixed bracket; 2. a machine tool; 3. a magnetic attraction structure; 31. an electromagnetic chuck; 32. a magnetic conductive block; 4. a switching structure; 41. a magnetic conduction part; 42. a connection part; 43. a fastener; 5. a part; 51. a connecting groove; 6. and (5) controlling the structure.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made apparent and fully in view of the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.

In addition, the technical features of the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.

As shown in fig. 1 to 6, the embodiment discloses a clamping device, which comprises a fixed bracket 1, a magnetic attraction structure 3 and an adapter structure 4, wherein the fixed bracket 1 is detachably and fixedly connected to a machine tool 2, and the machine tool 2 is used for processing a part 5 made of nonferromagnetic materials; the magnetic attraction structure 3 is detachably connected to the fixed support 1 and is positioned on the fixed support 1 at a position far away from the machine tool 2; one end of the switching structure 4 is detachably connected with the part 5 to be processed, and the other end is suitable for being magnetically connected with the magnetic attraction structure 3.

The part 5 made of the nonferromagnetic material is magnetically clamped and connected with the aid of the switching structure 4, clamping force is convenient to control in the processing process, clamping force is uniform, and deformation of a product in the processing process is small; if the thin-wall structural member and other parts 5 are processed, the magnetic clamping can be rapidly switched on and off to release deformation, the clamping force is uniform, the deformation of products in the processing process is small, and the final roundness of the thin-wall structural member is good. Specifically, as shown in fig. 5, the magnetic attraction structure 3 has a clamping state of being attracted to the adapting structure 4 to clamp the part 5; as shown in fig. 6, the magnetic attraction structure 3 has a released state in which it is released from the switching structure 4 to release the part 5. The thin-wall structural member is multipurpose in the aerospace field, is made of nonferromagnetic materials, is large in size, has weak rigidity, is generally cylindrical, is provided with windows which are unevenly distributed, and has multiple inner grids and complex types; wherein, the internal grid of part of the thin-wall structural member has unequal rib width and wall thickness and irregular distribution. The ratio of the diameter to the wall thickness of the thin-walled structure is generally relatively large, for example, between 500 and 1000. The machine tool 2 may be a machining tool, a lathe, a milling machine, or another machining tool.

In the clamping device of the embodiment, the switching structure 4 comprises a magnetic conduction part 41 and a connecting part 42, and the magnetic conduction part 41 is suitable for being magnetically connected with the magnetic attraction structure 3; one end of the connecting portion 42 is detachably connected to the magnetic conductive portion 41 by a fastener 43, and the other end is detachably connected to the part 5 to be processed. The magnetic conduction part 41 is a metal magnetic conductor, the magnetic conduction part 41 is in a block shape and is fixedly connected with the connecting part 42, and the part 5 made of a non-ferromagnetic material can be magnetically connected with the magnetic attraction structure 3 under the action of the magnetic conduction part 41 of the switching structure 4. And the connecting part 42 is detachably connected with the magnetic conduction part 41 through the fastening piece 43, so that the connecting part 42 can be applicable to different magnetic conduction parts 41, and the magnetic conduction parts 41 with different shapes can be adopted for connection according to the shape of the part 5. Specifically, the fastener 43 is a fastening structure such as a screw or a bolt.

In the clamping device of this embodiment, the bottom allowance of the part 5 is provided with a connecting groove 51, the connecting surface of the connecting part 42 connected with the part 5 is provided with a convex connecting block, and the connecting block is suitable for being connected in the connecting groove 51.

The bottom margin of the part 5 is the portion reserved at the bottom during processing of the part 5. The connection of the connection block and the connection groove 51 is convenient and the structure is simple. The connecting groove 51 is formed in the bottom margin of the component 5, and the bottom margin can be removed after the processing of the component 5 is completed, so that the secondary deformation of the component 5 is not caused.

As an alternative embodiment, a connection block having a protruding bottom portion of the component 5 may be provided, and a connection groove 51 may be provided on a connection surface of the connection portion 42 to the component 5, the connection block being adapted to be connected in the connection groove 51.

In the clamping device of this embodiment, the connecting groove 51 is a dovetail groove, and the connecting block is a wedge-shaped block matching the shape of the dovetail groove. The wedge blocks can be in limiting connection in the dovetail grooves, so that the parts 5 and the switching structure 4 can be conveniently connected, and the parts and the switching structure can be limited and fixed.

As an alternative embodiment, the connecting groove 51 may be a rectangular groove, and the connecting block includes a necking section and a limiting section protruding from two sides of the necking section, where the limiting section is adapted to be in limiting connection in the connecting groove 51.

In the clamping device of the present embodiment, the connecting groove 51 is formed by extending inward from the outer circumference of the part 5. The connecting block can easily slide into the connecting groove 51 through the outer circumference of the part 5 so as to connect the connecting block, and the connecting groove 51 arranged on the allowance of the part 5 is convenient to remove after the part 5 is processed. The connecting groove 51 may be a groove structure with openings at both ends in the extending direction, or may be a groove structure with an opening at one end and a limiting groove wall at the other end. Preferably, the connecting groove 51 is provided with a limit groove wall for preventing the connecting block from continuing to move toward the inner periphery of the part 5.

As an alternative embodiment, the connecting groove 51 may be formed by extending inward from the inner circumference of the part 5, and the connecting block may slide into the connecting groove 51 through the inner Zhou Qingyi of the part 5, so as to connect the connecting blocks, and the connecting groove 51 provided on the remaining part 5 may be easily removed after the part 5 is machined. The connecting groove 51 may be a groove structure with openings at both ends in the extending direction, or may be a groove structure with an opening at one end and a limiting groove wall at the other end. Preferably, the connecting groove 51 is provided with a limiting groove wall for preventing the connecting block from continuing to move towards the outer periphery of the part 5.

In the clamping device of the embodiment, the connecting groove 51 extends along the radial direction of the part 5, so that the stress of the rest of the part 5 is evenly released, and the part 5 cannot be deformed for the second time when the rest of the part 5 is removed after the whole turning and milling process.

In the clamping device of this embodiment, the magnetic attraction structure 3 and the switching structure 4 all have the multiunit, multiunit switching structure 4 is along the circumference evenly distributed of part 5, multiunit magnetic attraction structure 3 is along the circumference evenly distributed of fixed bolster 1, and every group switching structure 4 all matches a set of magnetic attraction structure 3. The evenly distributed switching structure 4 and the magnetic attraction structure 3 enable the stress of the part 5 to be even, and damage to the part 5 is prevented. The number of the magnetic attraction structures 3 and the switching structures 4 is related to the diameter of the part 5, and the larger the diameter of the part 5 is, the larger the number of the magnetic attraction structures 3 and the switching structures 4 is.

In the clamping device of the embodiment, the magnetic attraction structure 3 comprises an electromagnetic chuck 31 and a magnetic conduction block 32; the magnetic conducting block 32 is arranged on the electromagnetic chuck 31 and is provided with a magnetic conducting surface suitable for being magnetically connected with the switching structure 4. Preferably, the positive pole and the negative pole of each electromagnetic chuck 31 are provided with a magnetic conduction block 32. The electromagnetic chuck 31 is an electric control permanent magnet, the electromagnetic chuck 31 derives magnetism through the magnetic conduction block 32, the clamping device in the embodiment can adsorb the switching structure 4 through the electric control permanent magnet so as to adsorb the part 5 and realize quick clamping, and can realize the adsorption and the release of the clamping device in the part 5 processing process quickly, thereby meeting the repeated stress release of the part 5 and not generating clamping positioning errors. And the clamping device of this embodiment, operating condition need not the connecting cable, is applicable to rotary worktable turn-milling processing, and clamping force is even, and the dynamics is stable controllable. In addition, when the thin-wall structural member is processed, the processing of the inner and outer surfaces of the part 5 can be realized in the one-time clamping process, the tooling is not required to be switched in the middle, and the processing time of the machine tool 2 is obviously reduced. The electromagnetic clamping device for the part 5 made of the non-ferromagnetic material can not adsorb the material of the part 5, and the cuttings are easy to clean; and the electromagnetic clamping device for the part 5 made of the non-ferromagnetic material is used for preventing the part 5 from being magnetized, and does not need to additionally increase a demagnetizing procedure.

In the clamping device of this embodiment, the magnetic conductive blocks 32 of the three groups of magnetic attraction structures 3 are fixed magnetic conductive blocks with fixed heights, the magnetic conductive blocks 32 of the multiple groups of magnetic attraction structures 3 are floating magnetic conductive blocks with floatable heights, the three groups of magnetic attraction structures 3 with the fixed magnetic conductive blocks are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the fixed bracket 1, and the multiple groups of magnetic attraction structures 3 with the floating magnetic conductive blocks are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the fixed bracket 1. The height of the floating magnetic conducting block is higher than that of the fixed magnetic conducting block when the floating magnetic conducting block is not stressed. The floating magnetic conduction block can realize radial deformation of the part 5 and axial deformation of the part 5 when stress is released, so that the stress is released more fully. And the floating magnetic conduction block can be adaptively adjusted along with the deformation of the planeness of the end face of the part 5 when the loose state is converted to the clamping state, so that the switching structure 4 connected with the part 5 is in gapless fit with the floating magnetic conduction block, and the clamping state is ensured to be controllable.

As an alternative embodiment, the magnetic attraction structure 3 having the fixed magnetic conductive blocks may have four or five or more groups, and the magnetic attraction structure 3 having the fixed magnetic conductive blocks may be uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the fixed bracket 1.

The floating magnetic conduction block comprises a first magnetic conduction block, a second magnetic conduction block, a pin shaft and an elastic piece, wherein the first magnetic conduction block and the second magnetic conduction block are movably connected through the pin shaft, two ends of the elastic piece are propped against between the first magnetic conduction block and the second magnetic conduction block, and the first magnetic conduction block is arranged on the electromagnetic chuck 31. Preferably, the first magnetic conduction block and the second magnetic conduction block are both provided with V-shaped grooves, and the elastic piece is propped between the V-shaped grooves of the first magnetic conduction block and the V-shaped grooves of the second magnetic conduction block. The elastic piece is a spring, the spring can be sleeved on the periphery of the pin shaft, and two ends of the spring respectively lean against the first magnetic conduction block and the second magnetic conduction block.

In the clamping device of this embodiment, still include control structure 6, control structure 6 and electromagnet 31 communication connection are suitable for controlling electromagnet 31 and carry out the magnetic switching of break-make many times in the in-process of part 5 processing. In the processing process, under the control of the control structure 6, the electromagnetic chuck 31 is switched to be on or off for magnetism when being electrified, the quick on-off characteristic of the electromagnetic device is utilized, the quick loosening and tightening operation in the product processing process is realized, the repeated stress release of the product is ensured, and the clamping and positioning errors cannot be generated.

In the clamping device of this embodiment, before clamping, dovetail grooves uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the part 5 are machined on the lower surface of the part 5, the magnetic conduction portion 41 and the connecting portion 42 are fastened and connected by a screw, and the connecting block of the connecting portion 42 is slidably connected in the dovetail grooves. When the part 5 is clamped, the magnetic conducting blocks 32 are placed in one-to-one correspondence with the electromagnetic chuck 31, the magnetic force line direction of the electromagnetic chuck 31 is regulated and controlled by the controller, the part 5 to be processed is tensioned by fixing pre-tightening force, and the clamping of the part 5 is completed. In the processing process, the clamping of the part 5 is required to be loosened after each processing, and the processing stress is released, at the moment, the switching structure 4 is loosened through the controller magnetic attraction structure 3, so that the effective stress release of the part 5 to be processed is ensured, and repeated processing and repeated stress release can be performed. After the machining is finished, the magnetic attraction structure 3 loosens the switching structure 4, the switching structure 4 and the part 5 are detached, main machining contents of the part 5 are finished, and the part 5 allowance at the dovetail groove is removed through turning.

It is apparent that the above examples are given by way of illustration only and are not limiting of the embodiments. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. While still being apparent from variations or modifications that may be made by those skilled in the art are within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A clamping device, comprising:

the fixed bracket (1) is detachably and fixedly connected to the machine tool (2), and the machine tool (2) is used for processing a part (5) made of a nonferromagnetic material;

the magnetic structure (3) is detachably connected to the fixed support (1) and is positioned on the fixed support (1) at a position far away from the machine tool (2);

one end of the switching structure (4) is detachably connected with the part (5) to be processed, and the other end of the switching structure is suitable for being magnetically connected with the magnetic attraction structure (3);

the switching structure (4) comprises a magnetic conduction part (41) and a connecting part (42), and the magnetic conduction part (41) is suitable for being magnetically connected with the magnetic attraction structure (3); one end of the connecting part (42) is detachably connected with the magnetic conduction part (41) through a fastener (43), and the other end of the connecting part is detachably connected with the part (5) to be processed;

the bottom allowance of the part (5) is provided with a connecting groove (51), the connecting surface of the connecting part (42) and the part (5) is provided with a convex connecting block, and the connecting block is suitable for being connected in the connecting groove (51).

2. Clamping device according to claim 1, characterized in that the connecting groove (51) is a dovetail groove and the connecting block is a wedge-shaped block matching the shape of the dovetail groove.

3. Clamping device according to claim 1, characterized in that the connecting groove (51) extends inwardly from the outer circumference of the part (5).

4. A clamping device according to claim 3, characterized in that the connecting groove (51) extends in the radial direction of the part (5).

5. Clamping device according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the magnetic attraction structure (3) and the switching structure (4) are provided with a plurality of groups, the plurality of groups of switching structures (4) are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the part (5), the plurality of groups of magnetic attraction structures (3) are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the fixed support (1), and each group of switching structures (4) is matched with one group of magnetic attraction structures (3).

6. Clamping device according to claim 5, characterized in that the magnetic attraction structure (3) comprises:

an electromagnetic chuck (31);

and the magnetic conduction block (32) is arranged on the electromagnetic chuck (31) and is provided with a magnetic conduction surface which is suitable for being magnetically connected with the switching structure (4).

7. The clamping device according to claim 6, wherein the magnetic blocks (32) of the three groups of magnetic attraction structures (3) are fixed magnetic blocks with fixed heights, the magnetic blocks (32) of the multiple groups of magnetic attraction structures (3) are floating magnetic blocks with floatable heights, the three groups of magnetic attraction structures (3) with the fixed magnetic blocks are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the fixed support (1), and the multiple groups of magnetic attraction structures (3) with the floating magnetic blocks are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the fixed support (1).

8. Clamping device according to claim 6, further comprising a control structure (6), said control structure (6) being in communication with said electromagnetic chuck (31) and adapted to control said electromagnetic chuck (31) to perform a plurality of on-off magnetic switches during the processing of the part (5).

9. Clamping device according to claim 7, further comprising a control structure (6), said control structure (6) being in communication with said electromagnetic chuck (31) and adapted to control said electromagnetic chuck (31) to perform a plurality of on-off magnetic switches during the processing of the part (5).