CN114131359A

CN114131359A - Clamping device

Info

Publication number: CN114131359A
Application number: CN202111459852.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘争; 史海军; 赵洪杰; 张泽; 何万林; 张素燕; 吴雪松; 刘凤财; 孙长征; 杜娟; 张海洋; 王淼; 高宗昊; 刘萃伦
Original assignee: Capital Aerospace Machinery Co Ltd
Current assignee: Capital Aerospace Machinery Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-12-02
Filing date: 2021-12-02
Publication date: 2022-03-04
Anticipated expiration: 2041-12-02
Also published as: CN114131359B

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of clamping of non-ferromagnetic parts, in particular to a clamping device. The clamping device comprises a fixed support, a magnetic attraction structure and a switching structure, the fixed support is detachably and fixedly connected to a machine tool, and the machine tool is used for processing parts made of non-ferromagnetic materials; the magnetic attraction structure is detachably connected to the fixed support and is positioned on the fixed support at a position far away from the machine tool; one end of the switching structure is detachably connected with the part to be processed, and the other end of the switching structure is suitable for being magnetically connected with the magnetic attraction structure. According to the clamping device provided by the invention, the magnetic clamping connection of the parts made of non-ferromagnetic materials is realized with the aid of the switching structure, the clamping force is convenient to control in the machining process, the clamping force is uniform, and the product deformation is small in the machining process.

Description

Clamping device

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of clamping of non-ferromagnetic parts, in particular to a clamping device.

Background

The large-size and weak-rigidity thin-wall structural part made of non-ferromagnetic materials is generally a cylindrical surface and is provided with unevenly distributed windows, and the inner type grids are multiple and complex in type; the ribs and the wall thickness of the inner type grids of part of the thin-wall structural parts are different and are distributed irregularly. The thin-wall structural member needs to pay special attention to the deformation of the product in the processing process, so that the final size precision of the product can be ensured, and the processing difficulty of the thin-wall structural member is high.

The machining of the thin-wall structural part generally comprises the reciprocating alternation of turning and milling, and the clamping of the thin-wall structure in the machining process usually adopts a pressing plate pressing and clamping mode. However, the product structure of the thin-wall structural member is complex, the clamping force is difficult to control in the pressing process of the pressing plate, and the clamping force is uneven, so that the product deformation in the processing process is large, and the roundness of the thin-wall structural member is poor.

Disclosure of Invention

Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects that the clamping force of a thin-wall structural part made of non-ferromagnetic materials in the prior art is difficult to control, the clamping force is not uniform, and the product deformation and the roundness are poor in the processing process, so that the clamping device with the clamping force convenient to control, the clamping force uniform and the product deformation small in the clamping process is provided.

In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a clamping device which comprises a fixed support, a magnetic attraction structure and a switching structure, wherein the fixed support is detachably and fixedly connected to a machine tool, and the machine tool is used for processing parts made of non-ferromagnetic materials; the magnetic attraction structure is detachably connected to the fixed support and is positioned on the fixed support at a position far away from the machine tool; one end of the switching structure is detachably connected with the part to be processed, and the other end of the switching structure is suitable for being magnetically connected with the magnetic attraction structure.

The invention provides a clamping device.A switching structure comprises a magnetic conduction part and a connecting part; the magnetic conduction part is suitable for being magnetically connected with the magnetic attraction structure; one end of the connecting part is detachably connected with the magnetic conduction part through a fastener, and the other end of the connecting part is detachably connected with the part to be processed.

According to the clamping device provided by the invention, the connecting groove is formed in the bottom allowance of the part, the convex connecting block is arranged on the connecting surface of the connecting part and the part, and the connecting block is suitable for being connected in the connecting groove.

According to the clamping device provided by the invention, the connecting groove is a dovetail groove, and the connecting block is a wedge-shaped block matched with the shape of the dovetail groove.

According to the clamping device provided by the invention, the connecting groove is formed by inwards extending the periphery of the part.

According to the clamping device provided by the invention, the connecting groove extends along the radial direction of the part.

According to the clamping device provided by the invention, the magnetic attraction structures and the switching structures are respectively provided with a plurality of groups, the plurality of groups of switching structures are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the part, the plurality of groups of magnetic attraction structures are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the fixed support, and each group of switching structures is matched with one group of magnetic attraction structures.

According to the clamping device provided by the invention, the magnetic attraction structure comprises an electromagnetic chuck and a magnetic conduction block; the magnetic conduction block is arranged on the electromagnetic chuck and is provided with a magnetic conduction surface which is suitable for being magnetically connected with the switching structure.

In the clamping device provided by the invention, the magnetic conduction blocks of the three groups of magnetic attraction structures are fixed magnetic conduction blocks with fixed heights, the magnetic conduction blocks of the multiple groups of magnetic attraction structures are floating magnetic conduction blocks with floatable heights, the three groups of magnetic attraction structures with the fixed magnetic conduction blocks are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the fixed support, and the multiple groups of magnetic attraction structures with the floating magnetic conduction blocks are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the fixed support.

The clamping device further comprises a control structure, wherein the control structure is in communication connection with the electromagnetic chuck and is suitable for controlling the electromagnetic chuck to perform multiple on-off magnetic switching in the part machining process.

The invention has the following advantages:

1. the clamping device comprises a fixed support, a magnetic attraction structure and a switching structure, wherein the fixed support is detachably and fixedly connected to a machine tool, and the machine tool is used for processing parts made of non-ferromagnetic materials; the magnetic attraction structure is detachably connected to the fixed support and is positioned on the fixed support at a position far away from the machine tool; one end of the switching structure is detachably connected with the part to be processed, and the other end of the switching structure is suitable for being magnetically connected with the magnetic attraction structure.

The parts made of non-ferromagnetic materials realize magnetic clamping connection with the aid of the switching structure, the clamping force is convenient to control in the processing process, the clamping force is uniform, and the product deformation is small in the processing process; if the machining of parts such as thin-wall structural members is aimed at, due to magnetic clamping, the on-off magnetic switching loose clamping state can be quickly switched, and the deformation is released, so that the final roundness of the thin-wall structural members is better.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.

Figure 1 shows a schematic view of a clamping device of the present invention;

FIG. 2 shows an enlarged view of section A of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the clamping device of the present invention;

FIG. 4 shows an enlarged view of section B of FIG. 3;

figure 5 shows a schematic view of the clamping device of the invention in a clamped state;

figure 6 shows a schematic view of the clamping device of the present invention in a released state.

Description of reference numerals:

1. fixing a bracket; 2. a machine tool; 3. a magnetic attraction structure; 31. an electromagnetic chuck; 32. a magnetic conduction block; 4. a switching structure; 41. a magnetic conductive part; 42. a connecting portion; 43. a fastener; 5. a part; 51. connecting grooves; 6. a control structure.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

As shown in fig. 1 to 6, the present embodiment discloses a clamping device, which includes a fixing bracket 1, a magnetic attraction structure 3 and an adapter structure 4, wherein the fixing bracket 1 is detachably and fixedly connected to a machine tool 2, and the machine tool 2 is used for processing a part 5 made of a non-ferromagnetic material; the magnetic attraction structure 3 is detachably connected to the fixed support 1 and is positioned on the fixed support 1 away from the machine tool 2; one end of the adapting structure 4 is detachably connected with the part 5 to be processed, and the other end is suitable for being magnetically connected with the magnetic attraction structure 3.

The part 5 made of non-ferromagnetic material realizes magnetic clamping connection with the aid of the switching structure 4, the clamping force is convenient to control in the processing process, the clamping force is uniform, and the product deformation is small in the processing process; if the machining of parts 5 such as thin-wall structural members is aimed at, due to magnetic clamping, the on-off magnetic switching is rapidly carried out to release deformation, the clamping force is uniform, the product deformation is small in the machining process, and the final roundness of the thin-wall structural members is good. Specifically, as shown in fig. 5, the magnetic attraction structure 3 has a clamping state of attracting the adapting structure 4 to clamp the part 5; as shown in fig. 6, the magnetic attraction structure 3 has a release state mutually released from the adapting structure 4 to release the part 5. The thin-wall structural part is mainly used in the aerospace field, is made of non-ferromagnetic materials, has large size and weak rigidity, is generally a cylindrical surface, is provided with windows which are not uniformly distributed, and has a plurality of internal grids and complex types; the ribs and the wall thickness of the inner type grids of part of the thin-wall structural parts are different and are distributed irregularly. The ratio of the diameter to the wall thickness of thin-walled structural members is typically relatively large, for example, between 500 and 1000. The machine tool 2 can be a machining tool, a lathe, a milling machine or other machining tools.

In the clamping device of the present embodiment, the adapting structure 4 includes a magnetic conduction portion 41 and a connection portion 42, the magnetic conduction portion 41 is adapted to be magnetically connected with the magnetic attraction structure 3; one end of the connecting portion 42 is detachably connected to the magnetically permeable portion 41 by a fastening member 43, and the other end is detachably connected to the part 5 to be processed. The magnetic conduction part 41 is a metal magnetic conductor, the magnetic conduction part 41 is in a block shape and is fixedly connected with the connecting part 42, and the part 5 made of non-ferromagnetic material can be magnetically connected with the magnetic attraction structure 3 under the action of the magnetic conduction part 41 of the adapter structure 4. The connecting portion 42 is detachably connected to the magnetic conductive portion 41 by a fastening member 43, so that the connecting portion 42 can be applied to different magnetic conductive portions 41, and different shapes of the magnetic conductive portions 41 can be used for connection according to the shape of the component 5. Specifically, the fastener 43 is a fastening structure such as a screw or a bolt.

In the clamping device of the embodiment, the connecting groove 51 is arranged on the margin of the bottom of the part 5, the convex connecting block is arranged on the connecting surface of the connecting part 42 connected with the part 5, and the connecting block is suitable for being connected in the connecting groove 51.

The bottom allowance of the part 5 is a part reserved at the bottom in the machining process of the part 5. The connection between the connecting block and the connecting groove 51 is convenient and simple in structure. And the connecting groove 51 is opened on the bottom margin of the part 5, and after the part 5 is processed, the bottom margin can be removed without causing secondary deformation of the part 5.

As an alternative embodiment, the bottom of the component 5 may be provided with a protruding connecting block, the connecting surface of the connecting portion 42 connected to the component 5 is provided with a connecting groove 51, and the connecting block is adapted to be connected into the connecting groove 51.

In the clamping device of this embodiment, the connecting groove 51 is a dovetail groove, and the connecting block is a wedge-shaped block matched with the shape of the dovetail groove. The wedge block can be connected in the dovetail groove in a limiting mode, convenient connection of the part 5 and the switching structure 4 is achieved, and limiting fixing of the part and the switching structure can be achieved.

As an alternative embodiment, the connection groove 51 may be a rectangular groove, the connection block includes a neck section and a limiting section protruding from two sides of the neck section, and the limiting section is adapted to be connected in the connection groove 51 in a limiting manner.

In the clamping device of the embodiment, the connecting groove 51 is formed by extending the outer periphery of the part 5 inwards. The connecting block can easily slide to the connecting groove 51 through the periphery of the part 5 so as to be connected, and the connecting groove 51 arranged on the allowance of the part 5 is convenient to remove after the part 5 is machined. The connecting groove 51 may have a groove-like structure with openings at both ends in the extending direction, or may have a groove-like structure with an opening at one end and a limiting groove wall at the other end. Preferably, the connecting groove 51 is provided with a limiting groove wall for preventing the connecting block from continuing to move towards the inner circumference of the part 5.

As an alternative embodiment, the connecting groove 51 may be formed by extending inward from the inner circumference of the part 5, the connecting block may be easily slid into the connecting groove 51 by the inner circumference of the part 5 to facilitate the connection of the connecting block, and the connecting groove 51 provided on the remaining portion of the part 5 may be easily removed after the part 5 is machined. The connecting groove 51 may have a groove-like structure with openings at both ends in the extending direction, or may have a groove-like structure with an opening at one end and a limiting groove wall at the other end. Preferably, the connecting groove 51 is provided with a limiting groove wall for preventing the connecting block from continuing to move towards the periphery of the part 5.

In the clamping device of the embodiment, the connecting groove 51 extends along the radial direction of the part 5, so that the stress of the allowance of the part 5 is uniformly released, and the part 5 cannot be deformed secondarily when the allowance of the part 5 is removed after the integral turning and milling processing.

In the clamping device of this embodiment, magnetism is inhaled structure 3 and is all had the multiunit with adapting structure 4, and multiunit adapting structure 4 is along the circumference evenly distributed of part 5, and multiunit magnetism is inhaled structure 3 and is followed the circumference evenly distributed of fixed bolster 1, and every group adapting structure 4 all matches a set of magnetism and inhales structure 3. Evenly distributed's adapter structure 4 and magnetism inhale structure 3 and make part 5's atress even, prevent to produce the injury to part 5. The number of the magnetic attraction structures 3 and the number of the adapter structures 4 are related to the diameter of the part 5, and the larger the diameter of the part 5 is, the larger the number of the magnetic attraction structures 3 and the adapter structures 4 is.

In the clamping device of this embodiment, the magnetic attraction structure 3 includes an electromagnetic chuck 31 and a magnetic conduction block 32; the magnetic conducting block 32 is disposed on the electromagnetic chuck 31 and has a magnetic conducting surface adapted to be magnetically connected to the adapting structure 4. Preferably, each electromagnetic chuck 31 is provided with a magnetic conductive block 32 at the positive and negative poles. Electromagnetic chuck 31 is automatically controlled permanent magnet, and electromagnetic chuck 31 derives magnetism through magnetic conduction piece 32, and the clamping device in this embodiment, accessible automatically controlled permanent magnet adsorb switching structure 4 and then adsorb part 5 and realize quick clamping, and can realize the absorption and the release of clamping device fast in part 5 course of working, satisfy part 5's a lot of stress release, and can not produce clamping positioning error. And the clamping device of this embodiment, operating condition need not to connect the cable, is applicable to the turning and milling processing of rotatory workstation, and clamping power is even, and the dynamics is stable controllable. In addition, when the thin-wall structural member is machined, the machining of the inner surface and the outer surface of the part 5 can be realized in the process of one-time clamping, the tool does not need to be rearranged midway, and the machining time of the machine tool 2 is obviously reduced. The electromagnetic clamping device for the part 5 made of the non-ferromagnetic material cannot adsorb the material of the part 5, and the cutting scrap is easy to clean; and the electromagnetic clamping device for the part 5 made of the non-ferromagnetic material can not magnetize the part 5, and does not need to additionally increase a demagnetization process.

In the clamping device of this embodiment, the magnetic conductive blocks 32 of the three magnetic attraction structures 3 are fixed magnetic conductive blocks 32 with a fixed height, the magnetic conductive blocks 32 of the multiple magnetic attraction structures 3 are floating magnetic conductive blocks 32 with a floating height, the three magnetic attraction structures 3 with the fixed magnetic conductive blocks 32 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the fixing bracket 1, and the multiple magnetic attraction structures 3 with the floating magnetic conductive blocks 32 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the fixing bracket 1. The floating magnetic conductive block 32 is higher than the fixed magnetic conductive block 32 when not under pressure. The floating magnetic conduction block 32 can realize radial deformation of the part 5 when releasing stress, and can also realize axial deformation of the part 5, so that the stress is released more fully. And the floating magnetic conduction block 32 can be adaptively adjusted along with the end surface flatness deformation of the part 5 when the loosening state is changed to the clamping state, so that the adapter structure 4 connected with the part 5 is attached to the floating magnetic conduction block 32 without a gap, and the clamping state is controllable.

As an alternative embodiment, the magnetic attraction structure 3 with the fixed magnetic conduction blocks 32 may have four or five or more groups, and the magnetic attraction structure 3 with the fixed magnetic conduction blocks 32 is uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the fixing bracket 1.

The floating magnetic conduction block 32 comprises a first magnetic conduction block 32, a second magnetic conduction block 32, a pin shaft and an elastic part, the first magnetic conduction block 32 is movably connected with the second magnetic conduction block 32 through the pin shaft, two ends of the elastic part abut against between the first magnetic conduction block 32 and the second magnetic conduction block 32, and the first magnetic conduction block 32 is arranged on the electromagnetic chuck 31. Preferably, V-shaped grooves are formed in both the first magnetic conduction block 32 and the second magnetic conduction block 32, and the elastic member abuts between the V-shaped groove of the first magnetic conduction block 32 and the V-shaped groove of the second magnetic conduction block 32. The elastic part is a spring, the spring can be sleeved on the periphery of the pin shaft, and two ends of the spring respectively abut against the first magnetic conduction block 32 and the second magnetic conduction block 32.

The clamping device of the embodiment further comprises a control structure 6, wherein the control structure 6 is in communication connection with the electromagnetic chuck 31, and is suitable for controlling the electromagnetic chuck 31 to perform multiple magnetic switching during the processing of the part 5. In the processing process, under the control of the control structure 6, the electromagnetic chuck 31 is switched on and off during electrification, and the characteristic of quick on-off of an electromagnetic device is utilized, so that quick loosening and tightening operations in the processing process of a product are realized, multiple stress release of the product is ensured, and clamping and positioning errors cannot be generated.

In the clamping device of the embodiment, before clamping, dovetail grooves uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the part 5 are machined on the lower surface of the part 5, the magnetic conductive part 41 and the connecting part 42 are fastened and connected through screws, and the connecting block of the connecting part 42 is slidably connected in the dovetail grooves. When the part 5 is clamped, the magnetic conductive blocks 32 and the electromagnetic chucks 31 are arranged in one-to-one correspondence, the direction of the magnetic line of force of the electromagnetic chucks 31 is regulated and controlled through the controller, the part 5 to be processed is tensioned through fixed pretightening force, and the clamping of the part 5 is completed. In the course of working, all need loosen the clamping to part 5 after every processing, release machining stress, at this moment, accessible controller magnetism inhale structure 3 and loosen adapter structure 4, guarantee to treat that part 5 of processing effectively releases stress, can carry out repetitious processing many times, stress release many times. After the processing is finished, the magnetic attraction structure 3 loosens the switching structure 4, the switching structure 4 and the part 5 are disassembled, the main processing content of the part 5 is finished, and the allowance of the part 5 at the dovetail groove is removed through turning.

It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A clamping device, comprising:

the fixture comprises a fixed support (1) which is detachably fixedly connected to a machine tool (2), wherein the machine tool (2) is used for processing a part (5) made of a non-ferromagnetic material;

the magnetic attraction structure (3) is detachably connected to the fixed support (1) and is positioned on the fixed support (1) far away from the machine tool (2);

one end of the switching structure (4) is detachably connected with the part (5) to be processed, and the other end of the switching structure is suitable for being magnetically connected with the magnetic attraction structure (3).

2. The clamping device as recited in claim 1, characterised in that the adapter structure (4) comprises:

the magnetic conduction part (41) is suitable for being magnetically connected with the magnetic attraction structure (3);

and one end of the connecting part (42) is detachably connected with the magnetic conduction part (41) through a fastening piece (43), and the other end of the connecting part is detachably connected with the part (5) to be processed.

3. The clamping device as recited in claim 2, characterized in that the bottom of the part (5) is provided with a connecting groove (51), and a convex connecting block is arranged on the connecting surface of the connecting part (42) and the part (5), and the connecting block is suitable for being connected into the connecting groove (51).

4. The clamping device as recited in claim 3, characterized in that the connecting groove (51) is a dovetail groove, and the connecting block is a wedge-shaped block matched with the shape of the dovetail groove.

5. A clamping device according to claim 3, wherein the connecting slot (51) is formed by an outer circumference of the part (5) extending inwardly.

6. Clamping device according to claim 5, characterized in that the connecting slot (51) extends in the radial direction of the part (5).

7. The clamping device as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein the magnetic attraction structure (3) and the adapter structure (4) each have a plurality of sets, the plurality of sets of adapter structures (4) are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the part (5), the plurality of sets of magnetic attraction structures (3) are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the fixing support (1), and each set of adapter structures (4) is matched with one set of magnetic attraction structures (3).

8. The clamping device as claimed in claim 7, wherein the magnetically attractive structure (3) comprises:

an electromagnetic chuck (31);

and the magnetic conduction block (32) is arranged on the electromagnetic chuck (31) and is provided with a magnetic conduction surface which is suitable for being magnetically connected with the switching structure (4).

9. The clamping device according to claim 8, wherein the magnetic blocks (32) of the three magnetic attraction structures (3) are fixed magnetic blocks (32) with a fixed height, the magnetic blocks (32) of the multiple magnetic attraction structures (3) are floating magnetic blocks (32) with a floating height, the three magnetic attraction structures (3) with the fixed magnetic blocks (32) are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the fixed bracket (1), and the magnetic attraction structures (3) with the floating magnetic blocks (32) are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the fixed bracket (1).

10. The clamping device according to claim 8 or 9, further comprising a control structure (6), wherein the control structure (6) is in communication connection with the electromagnetic chuck (31) and is suitable for controlling the electromagnetic chuck (31) to perform multiple magnetic switching operations during the processing of the part (5).