CN114131046A

CN114131046A - Efficient 3D printing device and method for preparing high-strength complex component by using extraterrestrial planet in-situ resources

Info

Publication number: CN114131046A
Application number: CN202111422215.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨上陆; 白瑾瑜; 王艳俊; 林喆
Original assignee: Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics of CAS
Current assignee: Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics of CAS
Priority date: 2021-11-26
Filing date: 2021-11-26
Publication date: 2022-03-04

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-efficiency 3D printing device and method for preparing a complex component by using extraterrestrial planet in-situ resources, and belongs to the field of space additive manufacturing. The method comprises a plurality of steps: firstly, providing a mixture raw material consisting of extraterrestrial planet soil particles and a resin binder, then providing a first laser beam and a second laser beam, forming a large-range irradiation area by using the first laser beam and preheating, and irradiating a part of area in the irradiation area of the first laser beam by using the second laser beam to melt and bond the area to form a structure; in the whole process, the mixture raw material is kept to be continuously fed, the first laser beam is irradiated, the second laser beam is irradiated and controlled by a master controller, all links are precisely connected, and high-strength complex components are printed in a layer-by-layer stacking mode in a 3D mode through large-range preheating, heating melting, cooling solidification of each layer. Due to the fact that the first laser beam preheats the mixed material in a large range, the second laser beam can be used for melting and bonding the material more quickly, and 3D printing efficiency is greatly improved. The printing raw material utilizes the in-situ resources of the extraterrestrial planet environment, and is suitable for the extraterrestrial planet manufacturing with resource shortage and the 3D printing manufacturing of large members or bearing structures of the extraterrestrial planet base in the future.

Description

Efficient 3D printing device and method for preparing high-strength complex component by using extraterrestrial planet in-situ resources

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of aerospace, in particular to a method and a device for laser 3D printing by using extraterrestrial planet in-situ resources.

Background

Deep space exploration is an important development direction of technological development. With the improvement of the scientific and technological strength of China, the deep space exploration capability is remarkably improved. With the continuous development of moon exploration projects, earth star exploration projects and the like, the construction of outer space bases and infrastructures has been proposed. However, if all the construction raw materials adopt resources on the earth, the construction cost is greatly increased, and the construction of the in-situ resources of the outer space is utilized as much as possible, which is a very economical and practical mode. Particularly, abundant lunar soil resources can be utilized on the moon, lunar soil component materials mainly comprise olivine, plagioclase, pyroxene, ilmenite, glass and the like, and laser 3D printing is an important method for quickly manufacturing components, and particularly SLS (selective laser sintering) which supports various materials, does not need a supporting structure and has high material utilization rate is the most suitable method for printing the materials. If the laser 3D printing manufacturing of the component can be carried out by directly utilizing the in-situ resources of the extraterrestrial planet, the rocket launcher carries the substances as less as possible, and the overall cost is greatly reduced. However, if the raw material is only a pure extraterrestrial planet resource, the extraterrestrial planet in-situ material has a large brittleness (such as lunar soil), so that crack sensitivity is significantly increased in the manufacturing process, and the service performance of the 3D printing part, particularly the load-bearing structural member, is affected.

CN110039771A discloses a method for building large-scale lunar surface facilities by 3D printing method using solar energy as energy and solely relying on lunar soil as raw material, but the strength of the prepared lunar soil concrete is low and is not suitable for manufacturing structural members such as load bearing, and the process requires scarce water resources in the moon, which is difficult to implement on the lunar surface. Patent CN110039771A discloses a method for inkjet 3D printing and forming by mixing ground carried binder with screened lunar soil on lunar surface, but the components of the binder and the strength of the printed structure are not specifically given. CN 112620647a discloses a 3D printing method using metal droplets mixed with lunar soil, which binds the metal droplets with lunar soil to form a metal matrix composite to make large members or load-bearing structures. Both methods are based on the 3DP (drop on demand) technique, which results in parts with low strength. Patent CN 112225530A for improving the problem that lunar soil 3D printing energy storage block compactness is poor, the thermal conductivity is poor, proposed the method of adding boron oxide and metal alloy mixture binder in the printing process, utilize binder to fill the powder space, carry out selective laser sintering 3D printing again, boron oxide and metal alloy binder composition that this method adds are complicated, need match corresponding binder particle size according to the particle size of lunar soil granule, do not greatly improve in printing efficiency with traditional SLS method.

In SLS, however, control of the preheat temperature is important. If the preheating temperature is too low, the powder layer is cooled too fast, the melted particles are not sufficiently wetted and mutually diffused and flow, a large amount of gaps are easily formed in the powder layer, and the compactness is reduced; if the preheating temperature is too high, part of low-melting-point organic matters are carbonized and burnt, and the sintering density and depth cannot be ensured; rapid and extensive pre-heating is a necessary means to achieve high efficiency and high quality printing. Patent CN103358555 discloses a multi-beam laser scanning processing method, which utilizes multiple laser beams to process raw material powder simultaneously during printing and sintering to improve printing efficiency. Patent 201680034015.7 discloses an additive manufacturing method using multiple beams to enlarge the overall forming web of a part, but the forming efficiency for a single web is not improved. Patent 201310670777.4 discloses a selective laser melting SLM device and a processing method based on four laser double stations, which uses a distributed scanning strategy to scan the edge by using a laser beam with low power density, and then uses a laser beam with large spot and high power density to scan the central area. Although the above methods can improve the printing efficiency to a certain extent, they have respective limitations, and the improvement of the printing quality is not improved. Manufacturing large facilities on extraterrestrial planets, which needs to ensure that the strength and the bearing performance of the structure are met, and also needs to carry ground resources as little as possible to fully utilize in-situ resources of the planets, ensure the printing efficiency and save energy; therefore, an efficient, low-cost and high-quality extraterrestrial planet in-situ resource 3D printing method and device are lacked in the field at present.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to achieve the purposes, aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an efficient 3D printing device and method for preparing a high-strength complex component by using extraterrestrial planet in-situ resources, and solves the problems of high cost and poor quality in the extraterrestrial planet 3D printing process.

The technical solution of the invention is as follows:

an efficient 3D printing method for preparing a high-strength complex component by using extraterrestrial planet in-situ resources, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

providing a 3D printing raw material at least comprising in-situ resources of extraterrestrial planet soil particles;

providing a first laser beam for uniformly preheating the 3D printing raw material to form a preheating area;

providing a second laser beam for fusing and bonding the 3D printing raw materials in the preheating area to form a structure;

and repeating the steps, and 3D printing the integral component in a layer-by-layer stacking structure mode.

In a preferred example, the first laser beam and the second laser beam sequentially scan the 3D printing raw material at a first processing speed and a second processing speed, so that the 3D printing raw material is partially heated, melted, cooled, solidified and bonded.

In a preferred example, the first laser beam and the second laser beam have a first irradiation region center and a second irradiation region center, respectively, and a ratio of a surface area of the first irradiation region to a surface area of the second irradiation region is not less than 2.

In a preferred example, the second laser beam is acted on the 3D printing raw material by the first laser beam; the first laser beam acts on the 3D printing stock material to bring the 3D printing stock material to a temperature T1, T1 being no more than 80% of the melting point of the lowest component material in the 3D printing stock material.

In a preferred example, the 3D printing raw material is irradiated by the first laser beam no less than 1 time before the second laser beam is irradiated.

In a preferred embodiment, the first laser beam performs repeated high-speed scanning preheating on the raw material to be processed at a certain speed, so that each position to be processed is kept preheated to the same physical state interval when the second laser beam is irradiated, particularly the temperature T1 reaches 20% -80%, preferably 50% -60% of the melting point, and the processing scanning speed is not less than 1 m/min.

In a preferred example, the preheating scanning times of the first laser beam on each position of the 3D printing raw material are in a proportional relation with the distance between the raw material and the irradiation area of the first laser beam;

in a preferred example, the shape of the irradiation area formed on the surface of the 3D printing raw material by the first laser beam is a circular contour or an elongated rectangular contour.

In a preferred embodiment, the surface area of the irradiation region formed on the surface of the raw material by the first laser beam is at least 3 times or more the surface area of the irradiation region of the second laser beam, and the spot shape of the irradiation region of the second laser beam is a circle having a diameter of 0.05mm to 0.6mm, preferably 0.08 mm to 0.5 mm.

In a preferred embodiment, the energy of the second laser beam irradiation region has a distribution of a ring, gaussian or flat-top state.

In a preferred example, the 3D printing raw material contains an organic binder, and the melting point of the binder is not more than 30% of the melting point of the 3D printing raw material.

The invention also provides an efficient 3D printing device for preparing the high-strength complex component by using the extraterrestrial planet in-situ resources, which is characterized by at least comprising a control component, a raw material supply component, a moving component and a heating, melting and bonding component;

the control assembly is used for controlling the raw material supply assembly, the moving assembly and the heating, melting and bonding assembly according to the three-dimensional information of the introduced parts;

a raw material supply assembly for providing a continuous supply of 3D printing raw material including at least extraterrestrial planet soil;

a moving assembly for moving the raw material supply assembly and the heat melt bonding assembly during 3D printing;

a heating and melting assembly for providing a laser heat source during 3D printing; the heat source at least comprises a first laser heat source capable of forming a larger irradiation range and a second laser heat source capable of forming a smaller focusing range; the first laser heat source is used for uniformly preheating the raw materials, and the second laser heat source is used for melting and bonding part of the raw materials in the preheating range to form a structure.

In a preferred embodiment, the laser processing apparatus further comprises a powder spreading mechanism, and the powder spreading mechanism is used for uniformly spreading the raw material before the first laser beam irradiates the raw material.

In a preferred embodiment, the rolling device further comprises a rolling assembly, and the structure is pressurized to form a compact high-strength structure.

In a preferred embodiment, the system further comprises a detection feedback component for detecting the preheating of the raw material by the first laser beam, and timely feeding back the change condition of the physical state of the raw material to the controller so as to control the processing parameter of the second laser beam, particularly the detection feedback for the temperature state of the second laser beam.

In a preferred embodiment, the system further comprises an infrared temperature measuring unit for detecting the temperature of the preheated raw material.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. in order to solve the problem of low efficiency in the printing process, the invention can improve the melting speed of the extraterrestrial planet soil during printing by preheating the laser in a larger range before formal printing, thereby improving the printing efficiency and reducing the manufacturing cost;

2. in addition, the temperature state of the preheated material is timely detected and fed back before printing and preheating, and a method of rapid scanning and preheating for multiple times is adopted, so that the raw material is kept in a consistent temperature state before printing, the printing quality of each position during printing is ensured, the structural organization uniformity is improved, and the deformation is reduced;

3. by the aid of the powder spreading device, printing powder can be uniformly spread before printing, and accordingly uniformity of printing is guaranteed;

4. compacting the structure through a compacting roller which is printed layer by layer and then closely follows through a compacting device to ensure the density and the strength of the printed structure;

5. the whole system device is highly integrated, and all modules are mutually matched to ensure convenience and consistency in use;

6. compared with the prior multi-beam and multi-station printing method, the method has lower cost;

7. the method has a special advantage in improving the printing quality, and particularly belongs to the field of rapid manufacturing of load-bearing structures when in-situ resource printing is performed on extraterrestrial planets.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other alternative embodiments can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the process of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the light beam distribution and the raw material distribution of the printing area in the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a partially enlarged view of the schematic diagram shown in fig. 2.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of another beam distribution and print area involved in the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of another beam distribution and print area involved in the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view of another beam profile involved in the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic view of another beam profile involved in the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a schematic view of another beam profile involved in the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the overall structure of an apparatus according to the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a partial enlarged view of the area 101 in fig. 9.

Fig. 11 is a partial enlarged view of the area 102 in fig. 10.

Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of a method of generating dual beams according to the present invention.

Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of another method of generating dual beams according to the present invention.

Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the dual beam generation method of fig. 12.

Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the dual beam generation method shown in fig. 13.

FIG. 16 is a diagram of printed matter

Reference numeral, 1-printed structure, 2-mixture raw material, 3-first laser beam, 4-second laser beam, 5-, 6-irradiation area formed by first laser beam on raw material surface, 7-irradiation area formed by second laser beam on raw material surface, 8-scraper, 9-press roll, 10-powder feeding device, 11-laser processing head, 12-moving mechanism, 13-controller, 14-extension structure, 15-hollow part, 301-first laser, 401-second laser, 33-beam splitter, 34-total laser, 30-total laser beam, 302-first laser beam emitted by first laser, 402-second laser beam emitted by second laser, 31-first laser processing head, 41-a second laser processing head, L-a length of the first laser beam irradiation region, B-a width of the second laser beam irradiation region, d-a diameter of the second laser beam irradiation region when it is circular, d 1-a center distance of the first laser beam and the second laser beam irradiation region, d 2-a diameter of the first laser beam irradiation region when it is circular.

Detailed Description

The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, the drawings are schematic and, thus, the apparatus and devices of the present invention are not limited by the size or scale of the schematic.

It is to be noted that in the claims and the description of the present patent, relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, the use of the verb "comprise a" to define an element does not exclude the presence of another, same element in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

Referring now to fig. 1 and 9, the present invention provides an efficient 3D printing method for preparing a high-strength complex component using extraterrestrial planet in-situ resources, comprising the steps of:

providing a 3D printing raw material mixture at least comprising in-situ resources of extraterrestrial planet soil particles;

providing a first laser beam for uniformly preheating the raw material to form a preheating area;

providing a second laser beam for melting and bonding a part of the raw materials in the preheating area to form a structure;

and repeating the steps, and 3D printing the integral component in a layer-by-layer stacking mode.

The extraterrestrial planets comprise extraterrestrial planets in the deep space exploration field of moon, soil star and the like, the main in-situ resources of the extraterrestrial planets are soil particles on the surface of the extraterrestrial planets, such as lunar soil resources on the moon, and the main material components of the extraterrestrial planets are olivine, plagioclase, pyroxene, ilmenite, glass and the like. Comprises one or a mixture of more of alumina, zirconia, silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, titanium nitride, silicon carbide, boron carbide, titanium carbide and the like. And the final components comprise complex facilities such as houses, structural parts and the like suitable for the living of extraterrestrial planet people and scientific exploration experiments. The 3D printing method used in the invention is an SLS (selective laser sintering) method, which is different from other 3D printing methods and has the characteristics of simple manufacturing process, high flexibility, wide material selection range, low material price, low cost, high material utilization rate, high forming speed and the like.

Firstly, uniformly mixing the extraterrestrial planet in-situ resources with an organic matter binder to form a printing raw material 2; the organic matter binder mainly comprises nylon powder, phenolic resin, epoxy resin, stearic acid, fly ash and other components, and also comprises polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyether ketone (PEK), polyether ketone (PEKK), polyether ether ketone (PEEKK), polyether ketone ether ketone (PEKEKK) and other thermoplastic polymers, in particular to long-carbon-chain or short-carbon-chain polymers which generally have lower melting points. In the mixing process, the purpose can be achieved by using a mechanical stirring method, and the in-situ resources of the extraterrestrial planet can be screened by using a screening method and the like before stirring; the particle size of the extraterrestrial planet soil particles in the invention is in the range of 0.03mm to 1.0mm, preferably 0.05mm to 0.8 mm. After the uniform mixing, the raw materials can be continuously conveyed to a preset position by using a powder conveying device 10 and a scraper device 8. The powder feeding device 10 and the scraper 8 can be specially shaped or functional, generally speaking, the powder feeding device is formed by a screen with a funnel-like shape and a filtering and screening system with a specific particle size in the powder feeding device, and raw materials can be filtered and screened to obtain raw materials suitable for printing; the scraper means 8 may be of any shape, for example, a trapezoidal structure, and have a working end face side with certain rigidity and strength, and a thickness of 1-10mm, and are made of metal or non-metal raw materials, as is well understood in the art, and the main purpose of the scraper means is to uniformly spread the mixture raw material 2 conveyed by the powder feeding device, as shown in fig. 10 and 11. The powder feeding device 10 is located at a side surface of the laser processing head 11, and is connected with the laser processing head by a fastening structure, for example, a mechanical connection manner such as a screw, a nut, and the like, and the powder feeding device is internally provided with a hollow pipeline system, and as mentioned above, the powder feeding device is internally provided with a filter screen structure with a specific size, so as to realize the screening of raw materials. 101 is a partial view of the printing apparatus, and 102 is an enlarged view thereof. The powder feeder is connected close to the processing area with a scraper 8 and a roller 9, which are connected by an elongate structure 14 that is substantially parallel to the area to be processed, wherein the scraper can be fixed on its axis by means of a mechanical connection, and the roller is connected thereto by means of a mechanical connection, the roller and the scraper being arranged in tandem with respect to the printing area. And the elongated structure has a hollow portion 15 at the center to allow the laser beam to pass smoothly.

Then 2 laser beams are provided, including at least a first laser beam 3 and a second laser beam 4, the

laser beams

3 and 4 forming

irradiation areas

6, 7 on the surface of the raw material, respectively, wherein the

areas

6 and 7 have different surface areas, and the area 7 is at least 2 times or more, preferably 2.5 times or more, that of the area 6.

The first laser beam and the second laser beam may be emitted by the same laser, or emitted by two separate lasers, as shown in fig. 12 and 14, two

laser beams

302 and 402 are respectively emitted by

separate lasers

301 and 401, and are collimated and focused by respective laser heads 31 and 41 to emit

laser beams

3 and 4, so as to form

irradiation areas

6 and 7 on the surface of the raw material. Fig. 13 and 15 show that two laser beams are generated by the same laser 34 and split into two

laser beams

3, 4 by means of a beam splitter 33 in an integrated laser processing head 2, which beam splitter 33 accomplishes this purpose by means of any optical element or combination thereof inside, such as a prism, a mirror, etc.; the controller 13 may be coupled to the beam splitter 33 to control the energy distribution and size of the irradiation field of the two beams and the coordinated output during processing, such as power level, mutual position distance d1, defocus, etc.

Typically, the

laser beams

3, 4 are laser beams having the same wavelength or different wavelengths, with infrared laser emission having a wavelength of 0.3-10 μm, in particular 0.5-3 μm, as is common in SLS processing. While

lasers

34, 301 and 401 may correspond to a variety of types including, but not limited to, solid-state lasers, direct diode lasers, photonic crystal lasers, semiconductor lasers, gas lasers, chemical lasers, excimer lasers or free electron lasers, etc. The laser may be a continuous laser or a pulsed laser, typically having a peak power of from 5w to 500w, especially from 10w to 300 w.

The laser processing heads 31, 41 and 2 are generally constructed with optical elements or a combination thereof inside, and may be constructed with optical elements that are completely fixed to form a laser beam with fixed beam characteristics, or may be constructed with optical elements that are movable and deflectable inside, so that the

irradiation areas

6, 7 formed on the surface of the raw material by the formed laser beam are variable, and the high-speed scanning of the beam at spatial positions is achieved by its movement, deflection, etc. during the processing.

The

irradiation regions

6, 7 formed by the

laser beams

3, 4 have different surface areas, and the irradiation shape can be annular, multi-spot or a modulatable spot shape; for example, fig. 3 shows that two

beam irradiation regions

6, 7 are rectangular and circular, respectively, 6 has a length L and a width B, 7 has a diameter d and a center-to-center distance d1, and the ratio of the area of the regions formed is 2 or more, preferably 3 or more, and further 5 or more; typically, d1 is 1-10mm, L is 1-10mm, B is 1-5mm, and d is 0.2-1.0 mm. In addition, fig. 4 shows the first irradiation zone as a circle with a diameter d2, while the second irradiation zone is still circular with a diameter d. FIG. 5 shows that the first irradiation region shape is constituted by two regions in which the irradiation regions are circular in shape; FIG. 6 shows a first irradiation zone having a rectangular shape and a second irradiation zone having a circular ring shape; while the second irradiation region may also be constituted by more than two irradiation regions, for example, fig. 7 shows the second irradiation as being constituted by two circular spots along the scanning direction, and fig. 8 shows the second irradiation as being constituted by side along the scanning direction. The above embodiments of the irradiation region are only partially described, and the first irradiation region or the second irradiation region may be formed by any other shape of light spot, independently or in combination, and are not described herein again. Wherein the energy of the second laser beam irradiation region has a distribution of a ring, gaussian or flat-top state; to ensure a temperature field distribution with a larger range and smaller temperature gradient in the irradiated region.

The first laser beam 3 and the second laser beam 4 process the raw material, and the physical property of each outputted beam, the relative distance d1 and the moving speed are controlled by the controller 13. It is particularly noted that the mutual distance d1 between the two beams can be varied during the processing, for example, the first laser beam scans the material to be processed at a high speed, the second laser beam heats and melts the preheated material at a constant speed to bond it, and the moving speeds of the two laser beams can be completely the same or different, and the essence of the invention is that the physical properties and processing parameters of the two beams are controlled by the controller 13 during the whole process, so that the material has the same physical state, especially the temperature state T1, which is 20% -80%, more narrowly 50% -60% of the melting point of the binder. The raw material may be scanned one or more times by the first beam before being processed by the second beam, for example, because the post-processing part is far away from the second beam, it is often necessary to scan the first beam more times to make it reach the same state, generally speaking, by controlling the power irradiation level of the first beam.

Usually, the apparatus further comprises a detection sensing device for detecting the physical state of the raw material, such as a temperature sensor, particularly an infrared temperature sensor, so that the temperature change of the raw material is detected in real time during the processing and fed back to the controller 13, thereby adjusting the processing parameters of the laser beam in real time; if the temperature is far from the preset temperature, the raw material is preheated for a plurality of times by the first laser beam in due time, so that the raw material can keep a consistent temperature range when the second laser beam acts, is positioned on the extension structure 14 and is fixed by mechanical connection. The controller controls the moving assembly 12 to control the processing speed, which is typically 0.1m/min to 3m/min, more narrowly 1.0m/min to 2.5 m/min. The moving assembly 12 is a member having an automated operation function, such as a multi-axis robot, a machine tool having multi-axis multi-degree-of-freedom motion, or the like.

After the second laser beam has processed the raw material (heat melted, solidified), the apparatus further includes a rolling assembly 9, which is generally circular or spherical in shape, and whose size can be designed according to the specific printing structure, and by applying pressure to the member, the inside of the formed member is made tighter, the inner holes are reduced, and the strength is improved.

After the rolling process is finished, the controller determines the shape and processing parameters of the next layer of printing according to the three-dimensional information of the introduced parts, and the process is repeatedly carried out, namely, the whole process of the raw material supply assembly 10, the powder spreading mechanism 8, the heating and melting assembly 11, the moving assembly 12 and the controller 13 is further carried out to carry out multi-layer 3D printing, so that the component with a complex structure is manufactured. It should be noted that the rolling process of the previous layer may be performed simultaneously with the printing of the next layer, for example, the overall printing direction of the next layer is opposite to that of the previous layer, and the next layer is printed while the rolling of the previous layer is performed in the opposite processing direction (i.e., the rolling device is in front of and in back of) after the printing of the first layer is completed.

Example 1

FIG. 16 shows the topography of the structure obtained using the method of the present invention; in the embodiment, the raw material is a mixture of SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2 and the like which simulates the components of the lunar soil material, the added binder is a thermoplastic resin of polyaryletherketone, and two laser beams are used for forming on the surface of the raw materialRespectively 20mm²、1.2mm²The arrangement shape shown in fig. 3 has a ratio of about 16, and the irradiation region shapes are rectangular and circular, respectively. In the processing process of each layer, the power of a first laser beam is 80-150W, the power of a second laser beam is 5-20W, in the processing process, the moving assembly is a 6-axis robot, the controller is formed by connecting the 6-axis robot, a laser and a laser processing head through a PLC (programmable logic controller) to implement cooperative control, two laser beams are kept to process at a relatively static speed, the processing scanning speed is 1-2m/min, and the raw material is preheated through the first laser beam, so that the raw material can reach the melting bonding temperature of the second laser beam at a higher speed when the second laser beam is melted, and the processing efficiency is greatly improved.

Claims

1. An efficient 3D printing method for preparing a high-strength complex component by using extraterrestrial planet in-situ resources, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

2. The efficient 3D printing method for preparing the high-strength complex component by using the extraterrestrial planet in-situ resources is characterized in that the first laser beam and the second laser beam sequentially scan the 3D printing raw material at the first processing speed and the second processing speed, so that the 3D printing raw material is partially heated, melted, cooled, solidified and bonded.

3. The efficient 3D printing method for preparing high-strength complex components by using extraterrestrial planet in-situ resources is characterized in that the first laser beam and the second laser beam respectively have a first irradiation region center and a second irradiation region center, and the ratio of the surface area of the first irradiation region to the surface area of the second irradiation region is not less than 2.

4. The efficient 3D printing method for producing high strength complex parts using extraterrestrial planet in-situ resources as claimed in claim 1 wherein the second laser beam is already acted upon by the first laser beam when acting upon the 3D printing raw material; the first laser beam acts on the 3D printing stock material to bring the 3D printing stock material to a temperature T1, T1 being no more than 80% of the melting point of the lowest component material in the 3D printing stock material.

5. The efficient 3D printing method for preparing the high-strength complex component by using the extraterrestrial planet in-situ resource as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the number of times of irradiation of the 3D printing raw material by the first laser beam before the irradiation of the second laser beam is not less than 1.

6. The efficient 3D printing method for preparing high-strength complex components by using extraterrestrial planet in-situ resources as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first laser beam is repeatedly subjected to high-speed scanning preheating on the raw material to be processed at a certain speed, so that each position to be processed is kept preheated to the same physical state interval when the second laser beam is irradiated, particularly the temperature T1 reaches 20% -80%, preferably 50% -60% of the melting point, and the processing scanning speed is not less than 1 m/min.

7. The efficient 3D printing method for preparing the high-strength complex component by using the extraterrestrial planet in-situ resources as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preheating scanning times of the first laser beam on each position of the 3D printing raw material are in proportion to the distance between the raw material and the irradiation area of the first laser beam.

8. The efficient 3D printing method for preparing the high-strength complex component by using the extraterrestrial planet in-situ resource as claimed in claim 1, wherein the shape of the irradiation area formed by the first laser beam on the surface of the 3D printing raw material is a circular outline or an elongated rectangular outline.

9. The efficient 3D printing method for preparing high-intensity complex components by using extraterrestrial planet in-situ resources is characterized in that the surface area of an irradiation area formed on the surface of a raw material by the first laser beam is at least 3 times or more of the surface area of an irradiation area formed by the second laser beam, and the spot shape of the irradiation area of the second laser beam is circular, and the diameter of the spot shape is 0.05mm-0.6mm, preferably 0.08-0.5 mm.

10. The efficient 3D printing method for preparing high-intensity complex components by using extraterrestrial planet in-situ resources is characterized in that the energy of the second laser beam irradiation area has a distribution of a ring, Gaussian or flat-top state.

11. The efficient 3D printing method for manufacturing high-strength complex parts by using extraterrestrial planet in-situ resources as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the 3D printing raw material comprises an organic binder, and the melting point of the binder is not more than 30% of the melting point of the 3D printing raw material.

12. The efficient 3D printing device for preparing the high-strength complex component by using the extraterrestrial planet in-situ resources is characterized by at least comprising a control component, a raw material supply component, a moving component and a heating, melting and bonding component;

13. The efficient 3D printing apparatus for manufacturing high-strength complex components using extraterrestrial planet in-situ resources as claimed in claim 12, further comprising a powder spreading mechanism for uniformly spreading the raw material before the raw material is irradiated by the first laser beam.

14. The efficient 3D printing apparatus for producing high strength complex parts using extraterrestrial planet in-situ resources as claimed in claim 12, further comprising a rolling assembly to apply pressure to the structure to form a dense high strength structure.

15. The apparatus for 3D printing with high efficiency of manufacturing high strength complex part according to claim 12, further comprising a detection feedback component for detecting the preheating of the raw material by the first laser beam, the change of the physical state of the raw material and timely feeding back to the controller to control the processing parameters of the second laser beam, especially the detection feedback of the temperature state.

16. The efficient 3D printing device for preparing the high-strength complex component by using the extraterrestrial planet in-situ resources as claimed in claim 12, further comprising an infrared temperature measuring unit for detecting the temperature of the preheated raw material.