CN114129153B - Quick detection method for otoacoustic emission suppression tuning curve of stimulus frequency - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of otoacoustic emission, in particular to a rapid detection method for a stimulus frequency otoacoustic emission suppression tuning curve, which can effectively improve the detection efficiency and improve the detection frequency resolution, ensure the accuracy, utilize a double-tone suppression algorithm to synthesize pure tone and sweep frequency tone with certain strength as stimulus sound and suppression sound respectively, apply the stimulus sound and the suppression sound to a test ear through two paths of micro-speakers, collect SFOAE signals which are induced by micro-microphones and suppressed to different degrees, repeat the collection process under different suppression sound intensities to obtain a group of SFOAE intensity spectrums reflecting different frequencies and suppression sound suppression effects of the intensity, respectively take SFOAE intensity discrete points under different suppression sound intensities in the SFOAE intensity spectrums for each suppression sound frequency, perform three-time interpolation fitting, extract intersection points of a fitting curve and a suppression criterion straight line, and arrange the intersection points under all suppression frequencies together, thus obtaining the suppression tuning curve of the SFOAE.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of otoacoustic emission, in particular to a method for rapidly detecting a stimulus frequency otoacoustic emission suppression tuning curve.
Background
The frequency selective nature of the auditory system refers to the filtering and resolving power of the auditory system of the living being to certain frequency components of the stimulus. Otoacoustic emissions are weak acoustic signals generated by the active mechanism of the cochlea of the inner ear, conducted through the middle ear, released into the external auditory canal that can be captured by a high-sensitivity microphone. Otoacoustic emission signals can be classified into spontaneous otoacoustic emissions and induced otoacoustic emissions according to the cause of generation, while induced otoacoustic emissions can be classified into distortion product otoacoustic emissions, transient induced otoacoustic emissions, stimulus frequency otoacoustic emissions, and the like according to the type of sound that they are induced. Among them, stimulus frequency otoacoustic emissions (SFOAEs) are considered most suitable for evaluating the frequency selective characteristics of the auditory system due to their excellent frequency specificity.
The detection principle of SFOAE suppression tuning is that under the condition of fixing the pure sound intensity of the stimulation sound, the intensity of the otoacoustic emission of the stimulation frequency induced by the SFOAE suppression tuning changes along with the change of the suppression sound frequency and the intensity, and the suppression sound intensity capable of generating the same suppression effect under different suppression sound frequencies is recorded, so that equivalent suppression of different frequencies, namely suppression tuning information, can be obtained. The approximately V-shaped suppression sound frequency-threshold intensity curve drawn in this way is the suppression tuning curve.
In the prior art, the Chinese patent with publication number of CN 108209934B, named as an auditory sensitivity detection system based on stimulated frequency otoacoustic emission, integrates the functions of measuring auditory frequency sensitivity based on an SFOAE suppression tuning curve, but a testing method of the SFOAE suppression tuning curve is not specifically described in the patent.
Another prior art, chinese patent with publication number CN 102892069a, entitled "a stimulus frequency otoacoustic emission tuning curve detection and calibration system", proposes a method for determining an SFOAE suppression tuning curve of a subject based on up-down tracking, specifically, for a specific suppression sound frequency, increasing or decreasing the suppression sound intensity until the measured SFOAE intensity reaches a suppression criterion intensity, and stopping, where the current suppression sound intensity is the threshold intensity at the extracted suppression sound frequency. The method has the advantages that the threshold strength of each suppression frequency is finally converged by a computer according to the up-and-down search of the test result, but the method can only test the result of a limited number of suppression sound frequency points, has limited frequency resolution, and has the advantages of extremely time-consuming test of the result of higher frequency resolution and lower test efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of low detection speed, low detection efficiency and low detection frequency resolution of the conventional SFOAE suppression tuning curve, the invention provides a rapid detection method for a stimulus frequency otoacoustic emission suppression tuning curve, which can effectively improve the detection efficiency, improve the detection frequency resolution and ensure the accuracy.
The technical scheme is as follows: a method for quickly detecting the suppression tuning curve of the ear acoustic emission of stimulus frequency is characterized in that a double-tone suppression algorithm is utilized to synthesize pure tone and sweep frequency tone with certain strength as stimulus sound and suppression sound respectively, the stimulus sound and the suppression sound are applied to a test ear through two paths of miniature loudspeakers, SFOAE signals which are induced by miniature microphones and suppressed to different degrees are collected, the collection process is repeated under different suppression sound intensities to obtain a group of SFOAE intensity spectrums which reflect the suppression effects of different frequencies and the intensity suppression sounds, for each suppression sound frequency, SFOAE intensity discrete points under different suppression sound intensities in the SFOAE intensity spectrums are respectively taken out, three-time interpolation fitting is carried out, intersection points of a fitting curve and a suppression criterion straight line are extracted, and intersection points under all suppression frequencies are arranged together, so that a suppression tuning curve of SFOAE can be obtained.
The method is further characterized in that the pure tone and the sweep frequency tone with certain synthesis strength are respectively used as stimulating sound and suppressing sound, and the method comprises the following steps: the excitation sound P (t) and the suppression sound sweep sound S (t) with fixed synthesis intensities are respectively expressed as L p And L s The signal expression of the stimulus sound P (t) is expressed as formula (1) in dBSPL:
P(t)＝A p cos(2πf p t)
wherein f p Frequency of pure tone, A p Based on pure tone intensity L p Converted peak value, t is time; the signal expression for suppressing the sound S (t) is formula (2):
wherein A is s (t) is based on fixed frequency sweeping sound intensity L s The converted peak value over time,is the instantaneous phase of the swept frequency signal;
the phase transformation corresponds to the instantaneous logarithmic change in signal frequency, determined by the following equation (3):
wherein f start 、f stop The initial frequency and the end frequency of the sweep frequency sound are respectively, T is the duration of the sweep frequency,the initial phase is typically 0.
The procedure for the acquisition of the induced SFOAE signals, which are inhibited to different extents, is as follows: combining the synthesized stimulus sound and the suppression sound to obtain four adjacent signals respectively denoted as A (t), B (t), C (t) and D (t), wherein A (t) and B (t) respectively only comprise stimulus sounds P with opposite initial phases + (t) and P _ (t), C (t) and D (t) respectively comprise stimulus sounds with opposite initial phases and suppression sounds with the same initial phases, namely P + (t)+S + (t) and P - (t)+S + (t). The four sections of acoustic signals are connected and used as a test acoustic unit, the test acoustic unit is applied according to the preset average number of overlapping, then the acoustic signals at corresponding moments in the auditory canal are collected, and four sections of stoping signals at the same position are respectively expressed asAnd->Wherein m represents a signal stackAcquisition sequence number before averaging. The four sections of stoppages are processed by the following formula to obtain the time domain signal p of SFOAE SFOAE (t) as formula (4):
where M is the preset number of test repetitions of the ensemble average, i.e., the number of ensemble averages. For the calculated time domain signal p SFOAE (t) performing time-frequency analysis, extracting the intensity at the stimulus frequency of each time window intensity spectrum to obtain SFOAE intensity L which varies with time SFOAE (t) then based on time t and the suppressed acoustic sweep frequency f S Is a mapping relation of (a) to (b).
For a given suppression frequencyFrom L SFOAE (f s ；L s ) Taking out discrete values under each inhibition intensity, namely SFOAE intensity discrete points under different inhibition sound intensities in SFOAE intensity spectrum, and performing cubic spline interpolation to obtain continuous function ∈>Then take the function and the inhibition criterion intensity C threshold Can obtain the intersection point of +.>The corresponding threshold intensity, expressed as +.>For different f s The result is repeated to obtain the suppression tuning curve L C (f s )。
A plurality of suppression tuning curve acquisition steps of different suppression intensity criteria: changing the above-mentioned inhibition criterion strength C threshold Multiple suppression tuning curves under different criteria can be extracted without additional testing.
After the technical scheme is adopted, the sweep frequency sound is used as the suppression sound during the test, the suppression tuning value at any suppression sound frequency can be obtained by modifying the analysis parameters after the test is finished, the test result has higher frequency resolution, the suppression intensity criterion value is not required to be preset during the test, the test efficiency is improved, the intersection point value with the suppression intensity criterion obtained by the interpolation method is utilized, the discrete error of the intensity is more effectively avoided, and the accuracy of the intensity on the tested curve is improved; furthermore, after one test is finished, a suppression tuning curve under any suppression criterion intensity can be obtained, so that the test efficiency is higher, the test time can be changed by modifying the suppression sound step length and the sweep frequency duration, and flexible adjustment can be performed according to specific test groups.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the implementation of the detection method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
A quick detection method for a stimulus frequency otoacoustic emission suppression tuning curve comprises the following specific steps:
step one: the excitation sound P (t) and the suppression sound sweep sound S (t) with fixed synthesis intensities are respectively expressed as L p And L s The signal expression of the stimulus sound P (t) is expressed as formula (1) in dBSPL:
P(t)＝A p cos(2πf p t)
wherein f p Frequency of pure tone, A p Based on pure tone intensity L p A converted peak value; the signal expression for suppressing the sound S (t) is formula (2):
wherein A is s (t) is based on fixed frequency sweeping sound intensity L s The converted peak value over time,for instantaneous phase of the swept frequency signal, phase transformation corresponds to the signalInstantaneous logarithmic change in the number frequency,
step two: the test acoustic signal is applied and acquired based on the binaural suppression effect. Combining the synthesized stimulus sound and the suppression sound to obtain four adjacent signals respectively denoted as A (t), B (t), C (t) and D (t), wherein A (t) and B (t) respectively only comprise stimulus sounds P with opposite initial phases + (t) and P - (t), C (t) and D (t) respectively comprise stimulus sounds with opposite initial phases and suppression sounds with the same initial phases, namely P + (t)+S + (t) and P - (t)+S + (t). The four sections of acoustic signals are connected and used as a test acoustic unit, the test acoustic unit is applied according to the preset number of times of superposition average, then the acoustic signals at corresponding moments in the auditory canal are collected, and four sections of stoping signals at the same position are respectively expressed as p A (t)、p B (t)、p C (t) and p D (t)。
Step three: extraction of SFOAE time domain signals. The four sections of stopsounds are subjected to the alternate subtraction addition and superposition average operation to obtain a time domain signal p of SFOAE SFOAE (t)。
Step four: SFOAE intensity versus suppressed acoustic frequency. For the calculated time domain signal p SFOAE (t) performing time-frequency analysis, extracting the intensity at the stimulus frequency of each time window intensity spectrum to obtain SFOAE intensity L which varies with time SFOAE (t)。
Step five: different sound intensity of suppression L s Acquisition of the next set of SFOAE intensity-suppression frequencies. Repeating the first to fourth steps under different sound suppressing intensities to obtain a set of intensity-suppressing frequency relationship curves denoted as L SFOAE (f s ；L s )。
Step six: interpolation of SFOAE intensity increasing function and extraction of SFOAE inhibition tuning curve to obtain continuous functionThen take the function and the inhibition criterion intensity C threshold Can obtain the intersection point of +.>The corresponding threshold intensity, expressed as +.>For different f s The result is repeated to obtain the suppression tuning curve L C (f s )。
Step seven: multiple rejection tuning curves for different rejection strength criteria are obtained. Changing the intensity C of the inhibition criterion of the six steps threshold Multiple suppression tuning curves under different criteria can be extracted without additional testing.
The following is a detailed description of an example in connection with fig. 1:
the specific implementation of the test method comprises three modules or three steps, namely a test parameter setting step 1, an SFOAE intensity-suppression acoustic frequency curve cluster obtaining step 2 and an SFOAE suppression tuning curve extracting step 3.
The test parameter setting step 1 is required to be performed before the test sound is synthesized, and the settable parameter steps comprise a stimulus sound parameter step 11, a sweep frequency suppression sound frequency parameter step 12, a test time parameter step 13 and a sound intensity suppression parameter step 14. The stimulating sound parameter step 11 comprises determining the stimulating sound intensity L p And the stimulation sound frequency f p Suppressing the acoustic frequency parameter 12 includes determining a frequency sweep starting frequency f start And sweep termination frequency f stop The test time parameter 13 includes a confident sweep duration T and a number of times M of superposition averages, and the sound intensity suppression parameter 14 includes upper and lower limits L for determining sound intensity suppression s (min)、L s (max) and suppressing the sound interval step L step 。
The acquisition step 2 of the SFOAE intensity-suppression acoustic frequency curve cluster comprises a synthesis step 21 of stimulus sounds, a stimulus sound application and signal acquisition step 22, an extraction step 23 of time domain SFOAE signals and an extraction step 24 of SFOAE intensity-suppression acoustic frequencies. Step 21 of synthesizing the stimulus sound corresponds to step one of the above-described detection method, in which the pure-tone stimulus sound P (t) and the swept-tone suppression sound for inducing the SFOAE signal are synthesized according to the parameters preset in step 1 of setting the test parametersS (t). The stimulating sound applying and signal collecting step 22, corresponding to the step two of the detection method, combines the stimulating sound and the suppressing sound into four adjacent A, B, C, D segments according to the principle of double-tone suppression, and is respectively expressed as a (t) =p + (t)、B(t)＝P - (t)、C(t)＝P + (t)+S + (t)、D(t)＝P - (t)+S + (t) jointly applying as a test acoustic unit, and then collecting the corresponding stopsignals at the moment, respectively denoted as p A (t)、p B (t)、p C (t) and p D (t). The step 23 of extracting the SFOAE signal in time domain, which is to perform superposition average according to the mode of the third formula (4) of the detection method to eliminate the stimulating sound and the suppressing sound artifact in the stoping sound signal, and listen to the superposition average to improve the signal-to-noise ratio, thereby extracting the SFOAE time domain signal p with weaker strength SFOAE (t). SFOAE intensity-suppressed Acoustic frequency extraction step 24, for p SFOAE (t) performing a time-frequency analysis to extract the intensity value L of SFOAE which varies with time SFOAE (t) then mapping the time axis to the suppressed sound frequency axis according to formula (5) in step three of the detection method described above to obtain the SFOAE intensity versus suppressed sound frequency. Repeating the above steps of synthesizing stimulus sound 21, applying stimulus sound and collecting signal 22, extracting time domain SFOAE signal 23 and extracting SFOAE intensity-suppression sound frequency 24 until all preset suppression sound intensities are tested, to obtain a cluster of SFOAE intensity-suppression sound frequency curve, denoted by L SFOAE (f s ；L s )。
The extraction step 3 of the SFOAE suppression tuning curve comprises a discrete point extraction step 31 of different suppression intensities under the same suppression sound frequency, a continuous function fitting step 32 of the SFOAE intensity and the suppression sound intensity and an intersection point solving step 33 of the continuous function and the suppression criterion line. Discrete point extraction step 31 of different suppression intensities at the same suppression sound frequency from L SFOAE (f s ；L s ) SFOAE intensity discrete points meeting the conditions are taken out and prepared for fitting of a continuous function. SFOAE intensity-suppressed sound intensity continuous function fitting step 32, using cubic spline interpolation, to obtain the separation at the same suppressed sound frequencyA continuous function of the scatter points. Solving the intersection point of the continuous function and the inhibition criterion line, and solving the fitted curve and the inhibition criterion line C in the step 33 threshold Intersecting, recording the sound intensity of the intersection point as L C Obtaining a point on the SFOAE inhibition tuning curve, repeating the discrete point extraction step 31 of different inhibition intensities under the same inhibition sound frequency for discrete points at different inhibition sound frequencies, the continuous function fitting step 32 of SFOAE intensity-inhibition sound intensity and the intersection point solving step 33 of the continuous function and the inhibition criterion line to obtain a complete SFOAE inhibition tuning curve, which is expressed as L C (f s )。
Setting the stimulating sound parameters, namely setting the stimulating sound frequency f p Typically set to be within the adjacent range of the target frequency for which the frequency selective characteristic is to be studied, the frequency corresponding to the maximum SFOAE amplitude can be extracted. Stimulus intensity L p It is desirable to ensure that the intensity is capable of eliciting sufficiently large SFOAE signals to enhance the robustness of the suppression tuning curve extraction.
The setting step 12 of the suppression acoustic frequency parameter generally depends on the stimulus acoustic frequency f p Is set to have an upper limit frequency of 2f p A lower limit frequency of 0.5f p The correspondence between the start and stop frequencies and the upper and lower frequencies also depends on the choice of the sweep direction for suppressing sound.
The test time parameter setting step 13 needs to consider both the accuracy and efficiency of the test, since the sweep time is typically set to a value in the range of 0.25 to 1s and the number of times of the lap averages is set to a value between 16 and 64 times, empirically.
Setting the suppression sound intensity parameter in step 14, the setting of the suppression sound intensity being dependent on the stimulus sound intensity L p Is generally set to L p 15dBSPL but not lower than 0dBSPL, the upper limit strength setting depends on the device itself, typically not higher than 85dBSPL. To ensure accuracy of subsequent curve fitting and to comprehensively consider the problem of test efficiency, the step size of suppressing the sound intensity is typically set to any integer value in the range of 4-10 dB.
In the step 21 of synthesizing the stimulus sound, when four segments of signals are spliced, triangular slopes with the length of 10ms are added to the head end and the tail end of each signal, so that the occurrence of the explosion sound caused by the amplitude mutation in the time domain is prevented.
The SFOAE intensity-suppressed frequency extraction step 24, when performing time-frequency analysis, does not require a suitable window length for the selected time window, and the selection criteria is typically determined according to the sweep rate tested, and is similar to the smoothing time of the sweep tone.
In the continuous function fitting step 32 of SFOAE intensity-suppression sound intensity, the points with larger interference intensity need to be deleted according to the signal-to-noise ratio condition during fitting, the interference points are judged as the target points meeting the signal-to-noise ratio requirement and the noise amplitude value is abnormally large, and the points on both sides of the target points do not meet the signal-to-noise ratio requirement.
An intersection point solving step 33 of the continuous function and the inhibition criterion line, wherein when the criterion line and the fitting curve are not intersected, if the SFOAE intensity values are smaller than the value of the criterion line, L is C Taken as the upper intensity of the suppressed sound, i.e. L s (max), if SFOAE intensity values are all greater than the value of the criterion line, L C Taken as the lower intensity of the suppressed sound, i.e. L s (min). Further, for the suppression intensity criterion C threshold The SFOAE suppression tuning curve under any criterion can be obtained from the test result of one time, but only the results under three typical criteria are generally extracted, namely L total -3、L total -6、L total 10.6dB, respectively representing the inhibition of the total SFOAE intensity of 70.7%, 50% and 29.3%.
Claims (4)
1. A method for quickly detecting the suppression tuning curve of ear acoustic emission of stimulus frequency features that the dual-tone suppression algorithm is used to synthesize pure tone and sweep frequency tone with a certain strength as stimulus sound and suppression sound, which are applied to test ear by two miniature loudspeakers, the SFOAE signals with different degrees of suppression are collected by miniature microphone, and the collection process is repeated under different suppression sound intensities to obtain a group of SFOAE intensity spectrums reflecting the suppression effect of different frequencies and intensities for each of themThe method comprises the steps of (1) respectively taking out SFOAE intensity discrete points under different suppression sound intensities in an SFOAE intensity spectrum, performing tertiary interpolation fitting, extracting intersection points of a fitting curve and a suppression criterion straight line, and arranging intersection points under all suppression frequencies together to obtain a suppression tuning curve of the SFOAE; the steps of synthesizing pure tone and sweep frequency tone with certain strength as stimulating sound and suppressing sound are as follows: the excitation sound P (t) and the suppression sound sweep sound S (t) with fixed synthesis intensities are respectively expressed as L p And L s The signal expression of the stimulus sound P (t) is expressed as formula (1) in dBSPL:
P(t)＝A p cos(2πf p t)
wherein f p Frequency of pure tone, A p Based on pure tone intensity L p Converted peak value, t is time; the signal expression for suppressing the sound S (t) is formula (2):
wherein A is s (t) is based on fixed frequency sweeping sound intensity L s The converted peak value over time,is the instantaneous phase of the swept frequency signal;
the phase transformation corresponds to the instantaneous logarithmic change in signal frequency, determined by the following equation (3):
wherein f start 、f stop The initial frequency and the end frequency of the sweep frequency sound are respectively, T is the duration of the sweep frequency,the initial phase is typically 0.
2. The method for rapid detection of a stimulus frequency otoacoustic emission suppression tuning curve as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of collecting induced SFOAE signals that are suppressed to different degrees is as follows: combining the synthesized stimulus sound and the suppression sound to obtain four adjacent signals respectively denoted as A (t), B (t), C (t) and D (t), wherein A (t) and B (t) respectively only comprise stimulus sounds P with opposite initial phases + (t) and P - (t), C (t) and D (t) respectively comprise stimulus sounds with opposite initial phases and suppression sounds with the same initial phases, namely P + (t)+S + (t) and P - (t)+S + (t) connecting four sections of acoustic signals and using the four sections of acoustic signals as a test acoustic unit, applying the test acoustic unit according to the preset average number of overlapping, then collecting acoustic signals at corresponding moments in the auditory canal, and respectively representing four sections of stoping signals at the same position as each other asAnd->Wherein m represents the acquisition sequence number before signal superposition averaging, and the four-section stoping sound is subjected to the following formula operation to obtain the time domain signal p of SFOAE SFOAE (t) as formula (4):
wherein M is the preset number of test repetitions of the stacked average, namely the number of stacked averages, for the calculated time domain signal p SFOAE (t) performing time-frequency analysis, extracting the intensity at the stimulus frequency of each time window intensity spectrum to obtain SFOAE intensity L which varies with time SFOAE (t) then based on time t and the suppressed acoustic sweep frequency f S A set of intensity-suppression frequency relationship curves is obtained and is expressed as L SFOAE (f s ；L s )。
3. According to claimA method for rapid detection of a stimulus frequency otoacoustic emission suppression tuning curve as recited in claim 2, wherein for a given suppression frequencyFrom L SFOAE (f s ；L s ) Taking out the discrete values under each inhibition intensity, namely SFOAE intensity discrete points under different inhibition sound intensities in SFOAE intensity spectrum, and performing cubic spline interpolation to obtain continuous functionThen take the function and the inhibition criterion intensity C threshold Can obtain the intersection point of the suppression tuning curveThe corresponding threshold intensity, expressed as +.>For different f s The result is repeated to obtain the suppression tuning curve L C (f s )。
4. A method for rapid detection of a stimulus frequency otoacoustic emission suppression tuning curve as recited in claim 3, wherein the plurality of suppression tuning curve acquisition steps of different suppression intensity criteria: changing the above-mentioned inhibition criterion strength C threshold Multiple suppression tuning curves under different criteria can be extracted without additional testing.
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