CN114124147A

CN114124147A - Miniaturized transponder

Info

Publication number: CN114124147A
Application number: CN202111448937.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张翔; 董永利; 赵洪乾
Original assignee: Beijing Jiaoda Signal Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Beijing Jiaoda Signal Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-11-30
Filing date: 2021-11-30
Publication date: 2022-03-01
Anticipated expiration: 2041-11-30
Also published as: CN114124147B

Abstract

According to the miniaturized transponder, the resonance coil is additionally arranged between the BTM coil and the transponder main coil, tuning is performed by matching devices such as capacitance and inductance, the transponder is of a double-layer coil structure, and the focusing ring is arranged in a transponder shell; compared with the conventional transponder, the size of the miniaturized transponder is greatly reduced, and the minimum distance between every two transponders is 1 meter, so that the requirement of intensive installation is met; the action range of the miniaturized transponder relative to the BTM antenna is about 600mm, the level of the existing transponder is achieved, and the application of the miniaturized transponder at the maximum speed of 400km/h of a train is met. The invention has the technical advantages that: the miniaturized transponder has low cost, small volume and light weight, has the performance similar to that of the existing transponder, meets the application requirement of the train at the speed of 400km/h at most, can directly replace the conventional transponder, and can also be densely installed to form a transponder array.

Description

Miniaturized transponder

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of automatic control of trains, in particular to a miniaturized responder device.

Background

At present, the European standard transponder is widely applied to large-scale railway and subway projects, and is communicated with vehicle-mounted equipment and ground equipment to form a transponder transmission system, so that the transponder transmission system can be used for vehicle operation line information and can complete a vehicle positioning function. With the development of technology, new transponder application requirements are continuously generated, for example, the transponder arrangement density needs to be increased within a certain range for realizing accurate positioning of a train. For another example, a new vehicle-ground information transmission system needs a large number of high-density active transponders, and sends a large amount of information to the vehicle-mounted BTM through the active transponders to realize the function of transmitting information to the train from the ground. This requires that the transponder be of smaller size and be densely packed. The existing transponders are limited to 5 meters in the nearest distance between two transponders in order to meet relevant standards, and obviously cannot meet the requirements.

Meanwhile, as the number of transponders mounted on rails increases year by year, users such as railway sections have more demands for reduction in the cost of the transponders. The field construction side and the transportation side also put forward the demands of miniaturization and light weight to the problems of larger size and heavier weight of the existing transponder.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a small, light and low-cost transponder device.

The invention provides a miniaturized transponder, which is characterized in that a resonance coil is added between a BTM coil and a transponder main coil, and devices such as a matching capacitor and an inductor are tuned and are called as a focusing ring;

the transponder is of a double-layer coil structure, the focusing ring is arranged in a transponder shell and forms a focusing effect with a transponder main coil, and the two are tuned to 27.095Mhz for resonance through matching elements such as inductance and capacitance;

under the action of the focusing ring, the transponder can obtain electromagnetic wave energy required by operation in a larger range;

compared with the conventional transponder, the size of the miniaturized transponder is greatly reduced, and the minimum distance between every two transponders is 1 meter, so that the requirement of intensive installation is met;

the action range of the miniaturized transponder relative to the BTM antenna is about 600mm, the level of the existing transponder is achieved, and the application of the miniaturized transponder at the highest speed of 400km/h of a train is met.

The invention has the technical advantages that: the miniaturized transponder has the advantages of low cost, small volume, light weight, convenient transportation and installation, has the performance similar to that of the existing transponder, meets the application requirement of the train at the highest speed of 400km/h, can directly replace the conventional transponder (comprising an active transponder and a passive transponder), and can also be densely installed to form a transponder array.

Drawings

[1] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle BTM antenna and a ground transponder

[2] FIG. 2(a) is a schematic diagram of the effective range of the BTM antenna and the existing transponder

[3] FIG. 2(b) is a schematic diagram of the effective operation range of the BTM antenna and the small transponder of the present invention

[4] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a conventional transponder coil structure

[5] FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a coil structure of the miniaturized transponder of the present invention

[6] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the internal functional modules of an existing transponder

[7] FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a functional module of the miniaturized transponder according to the present invention

[8] FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an existing transponder field application scenario

[9] FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a field application scenario of the passive miniaturized transponder of the present invention

[10] FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an in-situ application scenario of the active miniaturized transponder of the present invention

Reference numeral 1-transponder main coil, 2-focus ring, 3-transponder housing

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following description will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but is not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.

The action range of the transponder means that when a train moves and approaches to a ground transponder, an electromagnetic coupling relationship is gradually formed between the vehicle-mounted BTM antenna and the ground transponder, when the coupling relationship is strong to a certain degree, the ground transponder can induce energy emitted by the BTM antenna and starts to work until the train moves far away, the coupling relationship is weakened, and the transponder stops working. The range of movement of the vehicle BTM antenna from the start of operation to the end of operation of the transponder is the range of interaction between the two. According to the relevant standard, the time for the transponder to send a message from the ground to the BTM antenna is 1.8 ms. The vehicle-mounted BTM system adopts a redundancy design for ensuring the running safety of a train, and can correctly decode the message information of the transponder only by receiving at least 3 messages, namely the action time needs at least 1.8x2 to 5.4ms, otherwise, the BTM cannot identify the transponder, and sends an alarm for losing the transponder to the train, so that the train is decelerated and even emergently braked, and the safety threat is brought to train passengers. And (3) calculating to obtain an action range W, namely time x, and speed x, namely 5.4x400/3.6, namely 600mm when the train meets the 5.4ms message sending time under the running condition of 400km/h speed.

A schematic diagram of the operating modes of the vehicle BTM antenna and transponder is shown in FIG. 1. BTM equipment is installed in the train driver's cabin, and the BTM power amplifier is connected to the BTM antenna that is located the vehicle bottom through the special cable. During the operation of the train, the BTM power amplifier outputs 27.095Mhz signals and transmits the signals to the ground through the BTM antenna. A ground transponder is installed at a position defined by a railway section. When a train passes through the transponder, the vehicle-mounted BTM antenna is gradually close to the transponder, the electromagnetic coupling between the vehicle-mounted BTM antenna and the transponder is gradually strengthened until the intensity of 27.095Mhz electromagnetic waves transmitted by the BTM antenna is received by the transponder and is enough to meet the requirement of the operation of an internal circuit of another transponder, at the moment, the transponder enters the action range of the BTM antenna and the transponder, and the transponder starts to transmit FSK signals containing message data to the antenna. The train continues to move forward, with the BTM antenna coupling being strongest as it moves directly over the transponder. When the train moves forward, the BTM antenna starts to be far away from the transponder, the coupling of the BTM antenna and the transponder is continuously weakened, a state that the energy of the transponder coupled to the BTM antenna is insufficient to support the internal circuit to work appears at a certain position, the transponder stops transmitting FSK signals to the antenna, and the BTM antenna and the transponder leave the action range.

The miniaturized transponder of the present invention has a size of 100mmx200mm, compared to a conventional transponder having a size of 230mmx420 mm. The miniaturized transponder of the invention has greatly reduced size, and if the miniaturized transponder is designed conventionally, the action range is necessarily greatly reduced. According to the miniaturized transponder disclosed by the invention, the size of the receiving coil is reduced, and enough energy transmitted by the BTM antenna cannot be received by adopting a conventional design, so that a novel coil structure is designed to meet the requirement of the train at the speed of 400 km/h. The design method is characterized in that a resonance coil is added between a BTM coil and a main coil of a transponder, and a device matched with capacitance and inductance is used for tuning and is called a focusing ring. The focusing ring has the effects of generating a focusing effect on electromagnetic waves between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil of the transponder of the BTM antenna and improving the density of the electromagnetic field in an action range, so that the shape of a radiation electromagnetic field is changed, the radiation electromagnetic field has directivity, the receiving capacity of the transponder on the electromagnetic field of the BTM antenna can be improved, and the action range is enlarged. The invention designs a focusing ring 2 which is arranged between the BTM antenna and the transponder, under the action of the focusing ring, the focusing effect similar to that of a convex lens is generated, the electromagnetic field below the BTM antenna has obvious density change, and test and verification prove that the transponder can receive electromagnetic waves with enough strength in a larger range to maintain the work of an internal circuit.

The existing transponder coil structure is shown in fig. 3, and a transponder main coil 1 is arranged in a single coil structure, and is well matched with 27.095Mhz by using elements such as inductance and capacitance. The effective range therebetween is schematically shown in fig. 2 (a). The BTM antenna emits electromagnetic waves downward and around, the electromagnetic field is uniformly distributed, and the transponder can receive the electromagnetic waves with enough intensity in the range of the position near the position right below the BTM antenna to maintain the operation of an internal circuit.

The coil structure of the miniaturized transponder of the present invention is shown in fig. 4, and has a double-layer coil structure, and the transponder focusing ring 2 is installed in the transponder housing 3 to form a focusing effect with the transponder main coil 1. The focus ring 2 and the main coil 1 are tuned to 27.095Mhz for resonance by matching inductance and capacitance. When the vehicle-mounted BTM antenna is close to the transponder, the focusing ring 2 focuses the 27.095Mhz electromagnetic wave received, so that the density of the 27.095Mhz electromagnetic wave received by the main coil 1 is increased, the transponder obtains more energy, and an FSK signal starts to be transmitted to the BTM antenna. Under the action of the focusing ring 2, the transponder can obtain the electromagnetic wave energy required by the operation in a larger range, and the effective action range between the two is schematically shown in fig. 2 (b).

The existing transponder size, 230x420mm, is about 600mm relative to the range of action of a BTM antenna. After the miniaturized transponder disclosed by the invention is used, the action range of the miniaturized transponder is about 600mm relative to a BTM antenna, the similar level of the existing transponder is achieved, and the application of the miniaturized transponder at the highest speed of 400km/h of a train is met.

The schematic diagram of the internal functional modules of the existing transponder is shown in FIG. 5. The work flow of each module is as follows:

1) the 27Mhz receiving circuit comprises a 27Mhz coil, receives energy transmitted by the BTM antenna and converts the energy into a direct current power supply and a clock frequency required by the work of the transponder;

2) the main control circuit reads message data in the message memory, modulates the message data into an FSK signal and outputs the FSK signal to the FSK transmitting circuit;

3) the FSK transmitting circuit transmits the FSK signal to the vehicle-mounted BTM antenna;

4) when changing the message, the 9Mhz receiving circuit is used for receiving the 9Mhz signal output by the message reader-writer;

5) the 9Mhz data conditioning circuit is used for sorting and restoring signals transmitted by the message reader-writer and transmitting data to the message write-in singlechip;

6) the message writing singlechip determines whether to write new message data from the message reader-writer into the message memory according to the judgment of the safety control circuit.

Considering from the actual use condition of a user, the message writing probability of the transponder is not high, and the miniaturized transponder is mostly arranged at a position close to a vehicle section, so that the miniaturized transponder of the invention is different from the conventional transponder adopting BP to wirelessly burn message data, the function of writing messages by using a message reader-writer is eliminated, the function of writing messages by directly connecting a notebook computer (PC) with a wire (USB interface) is changed, a large number of components can be reduced in a transponder circuit, and the cost is greatly reduced.

The inside functional module of the miniaturized transponder is schematically shown in fig. 6. The work flow of each module is as follows:

4) when changing the message, the USB line is directly connected with the notebook computer, and the message is compiled by special software.

In conclusion, compared with the existing transponder, the miniaturized transponder of the invention omits a 9Mhz receiving circuit, a 9Mhz data conditioning circuit, a safety control circuit, a message write-in singlechip and other circuit modules, reduces the circuit scale by 40%, and realizes the substantial reduction of the corresponding cost.

In the field application aspect, the existing transponders are limited by the industry standard, the minimum interval between every two transponders is 5 meters, as shown in fig. 7, dense installation cannot be realized, 21 transponders are allowed to be installed at most within the range of 100 meters, and the train can receive the data volume equivalent to the content of 21 messages at most within the range of 100 meters.

The miniaturized transponder of the invention is small in volume and not limited by industrial standards, so that the minimum distance between every two transponders is 1 meter, as shown in fig. 8, the requirement of dense installation is met, 101 miniaturized transponders are allowed to be installed at most within the range of 100 meters, and the maximum data volume which can be received when a train passes by is 5 times that of the existing transponders.

The miniaturized transponder disclosed by the invention also has an active transponder mode, can be used independently as the existing active transponder, is connected to a ground electronic unit (LEU) through a standard C interface, transmits message data of the LEU to a vehicle-mounted BTM, can be densely arranged to form a miniaturized transponder array, and is connected to LEU equipment through a C interface cable. The LEU can send information to different miniaturized transponders in the array through the C interface according to the demand, and when a train passes through, the vehicle-mounted BTM can receive the information, so that a novel vehicle-ground communication system from the ground to the vehicle is realized, as shown in fig. 9, the information data can be messages, or data (such as route map data, temporary speed limit and other vehicle control data) which needs to be updated by the vehicle-mounted BTM or LKJ/ATP.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A miniaturized transponder is characterized in that a resonance coil, a matching capacitor inductor and other devices are added between a BTM coil and a transponder main coil for tuning, and the devices are called as a focusing ring;

2. The transponder of claim 1, wherein the miniaturized transponder removes the function of writing messages with a message reader/writer and changes the function of writing messages with a wired direct connection computer.

3. The transponder of claim 2, wherein compared with the existing transponder, the miniaturized transponder omits a 9Mhz receiving circuit, a 9Mhz data conditioning circuit, a safety control circuit, a message writing singlechip and other circuit modules, thereby reducing the circuit scale by 40% and greatly reducing the cost.

4. The transponder of claim 1, wherein said miniaturized transponder has an active transponder mode, can be used alone as an existing active transponder, is connected to a ground electronic unit LEU through a standard C interface, and transmits LEU message data to a vehicle BTM.

5. The transponder of claim 4, wherein the miniaturized transponder is further densely populated with a plurality of small transponders forming a miniaturized transponder array, the LEU sending information to different miniaturized transponders within the array via the C-interface as needed, the onboard BTM receiving such information as the train passes thereby implementing a ground-to-vehicle train-to-ground communication system.

6. The transponder of claim 1, wherein the compact transponder has a length and width dimension of 100mmx200 mm.