CN103560598A - Enhanced type electromagnetic resonance subway wireless power supply system - Google Patents
Enhanced type electromagnetic resonance subway wireless power supply system Download PDFInfo
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- CN103560598A CN103560598A CN201310573143.7A CN201310573143A CN103560598A CN 103560598 A CN103560598 A CN 103560598A CN 201310573143 A CN201310573143 A CN 201310573143A CN 103560598 A CN103560598 A CN 103560598A
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Abstract
The invention relates to an enhanced type electromagnetic resonance subway wireless power supply system which mainly comprises a power unit (1), a rectification filter module (2), a chopped wave power oscillating circuit (3), a signal control module (4), an electromagnetic field transmitting coil (5), an electromagnetic field coupling enhancing coil (6), an electromagnetic field receiving coil (7), a rectification filter chopped wave module (8), an inversion module (9), a locomotive load (10) and an electromagnetic shielding layer (11). According to the enhanced type electromagnetic resonance subway wireless power supply system, transmission modes of electric power are expanded, the electromagnetic field coupling enhancing coil with a magnetic core is design on the basis of a resonance wireless power supply structure, the efficiency of energy transmission is improved, and the distance of energy transmission is prolonged. The enhanced type electromagnetic resonance subway wireless power supply system is convenient to construct and capable of being obtained just through the improvement on an existing resonance wireless power supply system, and compared with other resonance wireless power supply structures, the enhanced type electromagnetic resonance subway wireless power supply system is low in cost, stable and reliable in structure, high in safety and wide in market prospect.
Description
Technical field
Wireless power transmission technology is one of most active hot research direction in current electrical engineering field, it integrates basic research and application study, be that of exploring of the outer academia of Present Domestic and industrial quarters is multidisciplinary, new research field and the advanced subject of strong intersection, contain many technical fields such as electromagnetic field, power electronic technology, electric power system, control technology, physics, materialogy, information technology.Adopt wireless power mode can effectively overcome all kinds of defects that electric wire connected mode exists, realize freely powering of electronic apparatus, there is important application expection and vast potential for future development.
Reinforced electric magnetic resonance formula subway wireless power supply system of the present invention relates to a kind of easy construction, and the wireless power transmission electromagnetic resonance coupling technique that system is convenient, stable, safe and reliable, for the wireless power of subway provides technology model.Avoided the drawback of existing subway power supply pattern, eliminate the friction between original pantograph and power transmission line, also the danger of having avoided conductor rail supply power mode to bring staff, reduce the maintenance cost that subway is in operation, reduce the impact on car body operational efficiency of the air drag that brought by pantograph, and market prospects are wide simultaneously.
Background technology
Wireless power transmission technology can be divided into three kinds: the first is inductive coupling type electric energy transmission, it utilizes loosely coupled transformer principle to pass can, generally there is the iron core apparatus that reduces loop magnetic resistance in transmitting terminal and receiving terminal, is applicable to small-power, short-range application scenario.The second is electromagnetic coupled resonant mode delivery of electrical energy, is applicable to the Energy Transfer of moderate distance by inductance on the resonator of high quality factor and distributed capacitor generation resonance transmitting energy.The third is electromagnetic radiation formula delivery of electrical energy, and in this technology, electric energy is converted into microwave form, and transmission range exceedance km, can realize the teletransmission of electric energy.Wherein electromagnetic coupled harmonic technology utilizes non-radiative electromagnetic field near-field region to complete delivery of electrical energy, than induction biography energy, has had very large expansion in transmission range on the one hand; Compare on the other hand electromagnetic radiation formula and pass energy, near-field region energy has radiationless feature, and this technology has good fail safe, therefore obtains at present very large concern and research.
Subway power supply can be divided into two kinds at present: be respectively two kinds of forms of overhead contact line and conductor rail, adopt the circuit of AC25kV or DC1500V to use contact line standard, contact line cost is high, especially three rail contact lines, basic dependence on import, in addition which needs subway train that pantograph is installed, come in contact acquisition electric energy with contact line, but the carbon plate of pantograph is due to serious wear, need often to change carbon plate, troublesome poeration and maintenance cost are large, it is larger that while which is affected by high-altitude foreign matter, house refuse for example, polybag is pounded on roof, hang on contact line, be entangled in pantograph, the normal operation of train is disturbed in capital, cause the temporary parking of train, and pass to 750V direct current on the rail that at present popular DC750V conductor rail power supply form is started at train, this brings very big danger can to the staff of maintenance at the bottom of car, in addition existing underground railway track can not shield completely, the passenger of railway platform of falling owing to slipping has the sorrow of life especially, because the unexpected conductor rail of touching causes clicking dead passenger also have report in news.Therefore the later stage operation maintenance and the safeguard protection problem that how to solve subway are very urgent.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, a kind of reinforced electric magnetic resonance formula subway wireless power supply system has been proposed, improved the efficiency of transmission of system, avoided pantograph in traditional subway supply power mode existence and with the friction of current supply line, overcome conventional locomotive supply power mode and need to regularly replace pantograph and the supply line severe drawback of wearing and tearing, also avoided conductor rail power supply form is the potential safety hazard that maintainer and the passenger that slips bring simultaneously, also reduced subway power supply because the probability of the interim stoppage in transit that the short circuit that foreign matter causes causes, for the wireless power of subway provides safety and stability, concrete tangible technology model.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: reinforced electric magnetic resonance formula subway wireless power supply system, is provided with power subsystem (1), for electric power system provides input power; Rectification filtering module (2), is transformed into direct current by the alternating current of power subsystem input; Copped wave power oscillating circuit (3), for being converted to the direct current of rectification filtering module input to adapt to the alternating current that bearing power requires; Signal controlling module (4), controls the output voltage values of chopper circuit to realize the balance of input power and power output; Electromagnetic field emissions circuit (5), the alternating electromagnetic field producing for launching copped wave power oscillating circuit; Electromagnetic field couples intensifier coil (6), the voltage of intensifier coil will be higher than the voltage of transmitting circuit (5), resonance current in intensifier coil will increase, waveform in intensifier coil will be better than launching the waveform in circuit (5), be used for increasing electromagnetic field couples scope, improve system laser propagation effect; Electromagnetic field receiving coil (7), receives the alternating magnetic field that electromagnetic field emissions circuit is launched; Rectifying and wave-filtering copped wave module (8), the alternating current that electromagnetic field receiving coil is received is converted to the constant direct current of magnitude of voltage; Inversion module (9), the direct current that rectifying and wave-filtering copped wave module is exported is modulated into the alternating current of required frequency, for locomotive (10) provides driving power; Electro-magnetic screen layer (11), by unnecessary magnetically confined therein, reduces the generation of eddy current loss.
Described rectification filtering module (2) is comprised of bridge rectifier and filter circuit two parts, the high-power bridge circuit that rectifying part utilizes IGBT to form becomes direct current by alternating current, filtering part is connected between rectification circuit territory copped wave power oscillating circuit simultaneously, in order to Eliminate highter harmonic, the direct current of output constant voltage.
Described copped wave power oscillating circuit (3) is comprised of chopper circuit and half-bridge power push-pull circuit, wherein chopper circuit is subject to Single-chip Controlling in signal control circuit (4), to control its output voltage values, the switching frequency of half-bridge power push-pull circuit is fixed, consistent with the resonance frequency of transmitting circuit.
Described signal control circuit (4) is comprised of power-sensing circuit and single chip machine controlling circuit.The power signal that power-sensing circuit detects converts and delivers to single chip machine controlling circuit through A/D, and single-chip microcomputer will compare with the power threshold prestoring, and regulates the output voltage index of chopper circuit in (3) according to comparative result.
Described electromagnetic field emissions circuit (5) is comprised of the metallic conductor of additional insulating barrier, be embedded in underground engines under, its resonance frequency and supply frequency are consistent, to guarantee lower reflection coefficient, and the alternating electromagnetic field producing for launching copped wave power oscillating circuit.
Described electromagnetic field couples intensifier coil (6), metallic conductor by additional insulating barrier forms, and by shunt capacitance, its resonance frequency is matched to power supply and is equated, in addition, hub of a spool is also provided with magnetic core, to strengthen its magnetic flux, by the most magnetically confineds in space in magnetic core, electromagnetic field emissions circuit (5) transmits magnetic field by electromagnetic field couples intensifier coil (6) to electromagnetic field receiving coil (7), the voltage of intensifier coil will be higher than the voltage of transmitting circuit (5), resonance current in intensifier coil will increase, waveform in intensifier coil will be better than launching the waveform in circuit (5), be used for increasing electromagnetic field couples scope, raising system laser propagation effect.
The coil that described electromagnetic field receiving coil (7) is turned to by multiturn metallic conductor forms, be arranged on locomotive under, directly over electromagnetic field couples intensifier coil (6), receiving coil has just been considered the frequency of power supply when making, receiving coil and the supply frequency produced are consistent, to guarantee the receiving coil maintenance resonance condition that is in operation, in the mode being coupled by resonance, realize the efficient transmission of energy.
Described rectifying and wave-filtering copped wave module (8) is comprised of bridge rectifier, filter circuit, chopper circuit, the AC rectification that wherein bridge rectifier obtains coil becomes direct current, filter circuit is eliminated the high order harmonic component in circuit, and chopper circuit is transformed into filtered direct current the direct current of constant output voltage subsequently.
Described inversion module (9) is comprised of power frequency inverter circuit, and the alternating current that is transformed into required frequency for the direct current that rectifying and wave-filtering copped wave module (8) is exported is to offer the load of rear class locomotive.
Reinforced electric magnetic resonance formula subway wireless power supply system of the present invention, to adopt power subsystem (1), rectification filtering module (2), copped wave power oscillating circuit (3), signal controlling module (4), electromagnetic field emissions coil (5), electromagnetic field couples intensifier coil (6), electromagnetic field receiving coil (7), rectifying and wave-filtering copped wave module (8), the electric power system that inversion module (9) and locomotive load (10) form, in addition this system has also selected electro-magnetic screen layer (11) to design electromagnetic armouring structure, reduced the dissipation of electromagnetic energy at the bottom of rail and car, reduced the impact of electromagnetic wave on environment, improved the energy transmission efficiency of system.System avoided pantograph in traditional subway contact line supply power mode existence and with the high-speed friction of current supply line, overcome conventional locomotive supply power mode and need to regularly replace pantograph and the supply line severe drawback of wearing and tearing, also avoided conductor rail power supply form is the potential safety hazard that maintainer and the passenger that slips bring simultaneously, also reduced subway power supply because the probability of the interim stoppage in transit that the short circuit that foreign matter causes causes, improved the efficiency of transmission simultaneously, for the wireless power of subway provides safe and efficient, concrete tangible technology model, also the application for radio energy-transmitting technology provides sample.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is allomeric function block diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is transmitter unit structural representation;
Fig. 3 is the structure chart of electromagnetic emission circuit;
Fig. 4 is the structure chart of electromagnetism receiving coil;
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram with the receiver module of intensifier coil.
Wherein:
11: electro-magnetic screen layer 12: electromagnetic field emissions circuit
13: parallel resonance electric capacity 14: magnetic core
15: electromagnetic field couples intensifier coil
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, reinforced electric magnetic resonance formula subway wireless power supply system of the present invention is made and being explained.
As shown in Figure 1, reinforced electric magnetic resonance formula subway wireless power supply system of the present invention, is provided with power subsystem (1), for electric power system provides input power; Rectification filtering module (2), is transformed into direct current by the alternating current of power subsystem input; Copped wave power oscillating circuit (3), for being converted to the direct current of rectification filtering module input to adapt to the alternating current that bearing power requires; Signal controlling module (4), is comprised of power-sensing circuit and single chip machine controlling circuit.The power signal that power-sensing circuit detects converts and delivers to single chip machine controlling circuit through A/D, single-chip microcomputer will compare with the power threshold prestoring, according to comparative result, regulate the output voltage index of chopper circuit in (3), control the output voltage values of chopper circuit to realize the balance of input power and power output, in this example, default copped wave output voltage values is 750V, power threshold is 2560kW, and magnitude of voltage and power threshold can be made adjustment according to requiring; Electromagnetic field emissions circuit (5), the alternating electromagnetic field producing for launching copped wave power oscillating circuit, this circuit was measured natural resonance frequency before using after setting up, and mate with the centre frequency of power subsystem (1) by shunt capacitance, transmitting circuit (5) resonance frequency after coupling is consistent with the centre frequency of power subsystem (1), to guarantee lower reflection coefficient; Electromagnetic field couples intensifier coil (6), metallic conductor by additional insulating barrier forms, and by shunt capacitance, its resonance frequency is matched to power supply and is equated, in addition, hub of a spool is also provided with magnetic core, to strengthen its magnetic flux, by the most magnetically confineds in space in magnetic core, electromagnetic field emissions circuit (5) transmits magnetic field by electromagnetic field couples intensifier coil (6) to electromagnetic field receiving coil (7), the voltage of intensifier coil will be higher than the voltage of transmitting circuit (5), resonance current in intensifier coil will increase, and the waveform in intensifier coil will be better than launching the waveform in circuit (5); Electromagnetic field receiving coil (7), receive the alternating magnetic field that electromagnetic field emissions circuit is launched, this coil mates with power subsystem (1) and transmitting circuit (5) before use, matching way is for comparing according to the frequency of the own resonance frequency of circuit and power subsystem (1) and transmitting circuit (5), pass through shunt capacitance, the own resonance frequency of coil and the centre frequency of power supply are consistent, to realize the resonant mode power supply of system, in addition all rear access of the receiving coil series connection rectifying and wave-filtering copped wave modules (8) in train bottom; Rectifying and wave-filtering copped wave module (8), the alternating current that electromagnetic field receiving coil is received is converted to the constant direct current of magnitude of voltage; Inversion module (9), the direct current that rectifying and wave-filtering copped wave module is exported is modulated into the alternating current of required frequency, for locomotive (10) provides driving power.
As shown in Figure 2, described electromagnetic field emissions circuit (12) is buried and is put in the ground.The two ends of wire are connected on respectively the two ends of copped wave power oscillating circuit (3), in figure, direction shown in arrow is the flow direction of a certain moment electric current in conductor, such connected mode can make the magnetic direction between adjacent two conductors identical, intensity superposes and strengthens, and the design has utilized the magnetic field superposeing between wire to carry out energy transmission.The length of transmitting wire can be adjusted according to construction requirement, but that connection principle still needs is consistent with the design, and this routine selected distance is 10km.
As shown in Figure 3, described electromagnetic field emissions circuit (12) be embedded in train under, in this example, electromagnetic field emissions circuit is selected the Ritz copper cash of radius 10mm, two wires are embedded in the both sides of rail center by symmetry, because selecting the wheel-base bogie of vehicle in the design, be 2500mm, design two wires be arranged in distance center axis left with 900mm place to the right, and two wires are in same level, with underground railway track place plane parallel, pitch is 15mm overhead, the degree of depth of its conductor arrangement and the material of selected conductor and model can be adjusted according to actual needs, this arrangement is ripe, reliably, be subject to ectocine less, need hardly to safeguard, only need in existing subway power supply structure, transform and can realize, the more other forms of transmitting circuit of cost is low.The surrounding of transmitting coil is provided with the shield as electromagnetic shielding, if shield is not installed, the magnetic field of transmitting coil transmitting will partial action on rail, cause producing in rail eddy current, make on the one hand the power consumption of system increase, Efficiency Decreasing, eddy current in rail will produce heat on the other hand, security of operation and rail life-span are impacted, in this example, use the ferrite that the trade mark is PC95 to make shield, be placed in bottom surface and the lateral surface of transmitting circuit (12), upper surface does not have shield, upper surface is used ABS engineering plastic flitch to cover, this plastic plate is detachable, in practice of construction, shield material therefor and overall dimensions can be adjusted, but structure need be consistent with this design, to guarantee shield effectiveness.
As shown in Figure 4, described electromagnetic field receiving coil (7) is formed by metallic conductor coiling, the copper cash of this routine actionradius 4mm starts from center to being counterclockwise coiling 45 circles, overall diameter is 1550mm, interior diameter is 10mm, radial pitch is 17mm, and material and the radius of shape, size, the number of turn and the conductor of institute's coiling receiving coil all can be adjusted according to concrete condition.
As shown in Figure 5, the schematic diagram of the described receiver module with intensifier coil, car bottom coil periphery has partly been installed the electro-magnetic screen layer (11) that the trade mark is PC95, because train and rail are used metal material more, metal can produce eddy current under the effect of alternating electromagnetic field, the loss of increase system, reduce the efficiency of locomotive, and eddy current can cause the heating of metal, so that in service may dangerous property, in this example, select Ferrite Material not only to insulate but also there is high magnetic conductivity, can by extra magnetically confined therein, reduce the generation of eddy current loss.The thickness of the ferrite screen of selecting in this example is 3mm, is fitted in closely the surface at the bottom of car, will at the bottom of car, all cover, and coil is placed in ferritic outside, and selected shielding material and thickness can be made adjustment according to construction requirement.With at the bottom of the car of electromagnetic shielding as shown in the figure, electromagnetic field receiving coil (7) is laid on locomotive bottom, because this wireless power supply system belongs to loosely coupled system, for guaranteeing sufficient energy supply, the present invention requires respectively to save car bottom an electromagnetic field receiving coil (7) is at least installed, in this example, respectively saving car bottom all has a receiving coil, and accesses rectifying and wave-filtering copped wave module (8) after the series connection of the coil of full car.Described electromagnetic field couples intensifier coil (6), metallic conductor by additional insulating barrier forms, and by shunt capacitance, its resonance frequency is matched to power supply and is equated, in addition, hub of a spool is also provided with magnetic core, to strengthen its magnetic flux, by the most magnetically confineds in space on the axis of magnetic core place, electromagnetic field emissions circuit (5) transmits magnetic field by electromagnetic field couples intensifier coil (6) to electromagnetic field receiving coil (7), the voltage of intensifier coil will be higher than the voltage of transmitting circuit (5), resonance current in intensifier coil will increase, waveform in intensifier coil will be better than launching the waveform in circuit (5), be used for increasing electromagnetic field couples scope, raising system laser propagation effect, the copper pipe coiling of this routine actionradius 6mm the solenoid coil (15) of 3 circles, the main radius 800mm of solenoid coil, axial pitch 8mm, hub of a spool is equipped with magnetic core (14), magnetic core (14) is selected the ferrite of trade mark PC44 to fire and is formed, magnetic texure is cylindrical structure, radius 400mm, axial height 30mm, core center and solenoid center superposition, be fixed on hub of a spool position.Arrangement with each unit in the receiver module of intensifier coil is electro-magnetic screen layer (11), electromagnetic field receiving coil (7) and electromagnetic field couples intensifier coil (6) from top to bottom successively, and each unit is not electrically connected to each other.
Claims (4)
1. reinforced electric magnetic resonance formula subway wireless power supply system, it is characterized in that being provided with electromagnetic field couples intensifier coil (6), in order to constraint space electromagnetic field, to improve the coupling effect between electromagnetic field emissions circuit (5) and electromagnetic field receiving coil (7).
2. reinforced electric magnetic resonance formula subway wireless power supply system according to claim 1, be further characterized in that, described electromagnetic field couples intensifier coil (6) is formed by the metallic conductor coiling with insulating coating, and its resonance frequency is consistent by shunt capacitance and power supply output frequency.
3. reinforced electric magnetic resonance formula subway wireless power supply system according to claim 1, is further characterized in that, electromagnetic field couples intensifier coil (6) axle center is provided with magnetic core (14), in order to constraint space magnetic field, increases magnetic flux in coil.
4. reinforced electric magnetic resonance formula subway wireless power supply system according to claim 1, is further characterized in that, described electromagnetic field couples intensifier coil (6) is arranged on electromagnetic field receiving coil (7) bottom surface, and not electrical connection each other.
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| CN201310573143.7A CN103560598A (en) | 2013-11-12 | 2013-11-12 | Enhanced type electromagnetic resonance subway wireless power supply system |
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| CN201310573143.7A CN103560598A (en) | 2013-11-12 | 2013-11-12 | Enhanced type electromagnetic resonance subway wireless power supply system |
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| CN104882948A (en) * | 2014-02-27 | 2015-09-02 | 株式会社Ihi | Non-contact supply apparatus and non-contact supply system |
| CN105226843A (en) * | 2014-05-27 | 2016-01-06 | 松下知识产权经营株式会社 | The power transmission device of Wireless power transmission system and Wireless power transmission system |
| CN108162804A (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2018-06-15 | 西南交通大学 | Full frequency-domain high-speed railway touching net reflectance factor and tension determine method |
| CN108684208A (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2018-10-19 | 高通股份有限公司 | Wireless power transfer in electronic equipment with tuning metallic object |
| CN109088483A (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2018-12-25 | 天津工业大学 | A kind of hollow coil enhancing coupling device |
| CN109193967A (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2019-01-11 | 南京邮电大学 | Region wireless power supply system |
| CN109314402A (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2019-02-05 | 高通股份有限公司 | Reduce the shielded antenna of the electromagnetic interference (EMI) and rf interference in wireless power conveyer system |
| CN112087062A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2020-12-15 | 重庆大学 | Coupling mechanism for inhibiting pickup coil plane metal influence and parameter design method thereof |
| CN112610077A (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2021-04-06 | 南京南瑞继保电气有限公司 | Wireless radio frequency identification mechanical lock |
| CN113436867A (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2021-09-24 | 上海电机学院 | Magnetic shielding coil assembly for wireless charging of electric automobile |
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| CN104882948B (en) * | 2014-02-27 | 2018-06-12 | 株式会社Ihi | Contactless power supply device and contactless power supply system |
| CN104882948A (en) * | 2014-02-27 | 2015-09-02 | 株式会社Ihi | Non-contact supply apparatus and non-contact supply system |
| CN105226843A (en) * | 2014-05-27 | 2016-01-06 | 松下知识产权经营株式会社 | The power transmission device of Wireless power transmission system and Wireless power transmission system |
| CN107257167A (en) * | 2014-05-27 | 2017-10-17 | 松下知识产权经营株式会社 | Power transmission device and wireless power transmission system |
| CN108684208A (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2018-10-19 | 高通股份有限公司 | Wireless power transfer in electronic equipment with tuning metallic object |
| CN109314402A (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2019-02-05 | 高通股份有限公司 | Reduce the shielded antenna of the electromagnetic interference (EMI) and rf interference in wireless power conveyer system |
| CN108162804A (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2018-06-15 | 西南交通大学 | Full frequency-domain high-speed railway touching net reflectance factor and tension determine method |
| CN108162804B (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2020-08-07 | 西南交通大学 | Method for determining reflection coefficient and tension of contact net of full-frequency-domain high-speed railway |
| CN109088483B (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2023-09-29 | 天津工业大学 | Loop coil reinforcing coupling device |
| CN109088483A (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2018-12-25 | 天津工业大学 | A kind of hollow coil enhancing coupling device |
| CN109193967A (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2019-01-11 | 南京邮电大学 | Region wireless power supply system |
| CN112610077A (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2021-04-06 | 南京南瑞继保电气有限公司 | Wireless radio frequency identification mechanical lock |
| CN112087062A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2020-12-15 | 重庆大学 | Coupling mechanism for inhibiting pickup coil plane metal influence and parameter design method thereof |
| CN112087062B (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2022-01-28 | 重庆大学 | Coupling mechanism parameter design method for inhibiting pickup coil plane metal influence |
| CN113436867B (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2023-08-29 | 上海电机学院 | Magnetic shielding coil assembly for wireless charging of electric automobile |
| CN113436867A (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2021-09-24 | 上海电机学院 | Magnetic shielding coil assembly for wireless charging of electric automobile |
| CN114124147A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-03-01 | 北京交大思诺科技股份有限公司 | Miniaturized transponder |
| CN114157327A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-03-08 | 北京交大思诺科技股份有限公司 | Antenna design method for improving action range |
| CN114157327B (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2023-08-15 | 北京交大思诺科技股份有限公司 | Antenna design method for improving action range |
| CN114124147B (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2024-01-12 | 北京交大思诺科技股份有限公司 | Miniaturized transponder |
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