CN114123394B - Parallel anti-circulation circuit and method for battery clusters - Google Patents
Parallel anti-circulation circuit and method for battery clusters Download PDFInfo
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- CN114123394B CN114123394B CN202111345408.9A CN202111345408A CN114123394B CN 114123394 B CN114123394 B CN 114123394B CN 202111345408 A CN202111345408 A CN 202111345408A CN 114123394 B CN114123394 B CN 114123394B
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention discloses a battery cluster parallel anti-circulation circuit and a method, wherein the circuit comprises M battery modules and M-1 electric quantity adjusting modules; the battery module comprises a battery cluster, a first circuit breaker, a second circuit breaker, a fuse and a shunt; the electric quantity adjusting module comprises a first relay K 1 Second relay K 2 A resistor module, and a capacitor module; the M-1 electric quantity adjusting modules are sequentially arranged among the M battery modules. During operation, the electric quantity of the battery modules at the two sides of the battery module is regulated through the electric quantity regulating module, so that the generation of circulation when the battery modules are connected in parallel is avoided. The invention can transfer energy among the battery clusters no matter the energy storage battery cluster system is in charge or discharge or even in a standing stage, overcomes the problem of parallel circulation, and can work only by the cooperation of BMS, and almost has no energy loss in the working process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of batteries, in particular to a parallel anti-circulation circuit and method for battery clusters.
Background
The number of the battery clusters installed in the large-scale energy storage system and the number of battery cells connected in series in each cluster are more, and due to the fact that the internal resistances, voltages, SOCs and the like of the batteries among the battery clusters are inconsistent, when the plurality of battery clusters are operated in parallel, the battery clusters with high voltages among the battery clusters can be formed to charge the battery clusters with low voltages, so that the battery cluster circulation is formed. When the voltage difference is large, when the battery cluster relay is closed, because the internal resistance of the battery cluster is small, a large circulation current is formed at the moment, the battery and other devices can be damaged or even the fuse is burnt out, and serious safety accidents are caused, so that the problem of the circulation current is solved for the large energy storage battery cluster system, and the system can work reliably.
The current method for preventing the circulation of the battery clusters in parallel connection is realized by designing a pre-charging circuit on a main circuit of each battery cluster. The specific implementation process is as follows:
1) The control circuit judges that the voltage difference of each battery cluster end is smaller than or equal to a set value 1 (assuming a voltage value of 10V), and the battery clusters have no fault alarm, and the action process of each cluster is as follows: and directly closing the main relay and the breaker of each cluster, and putting the whole energy storage battery cluster system into operation.
2) The voltage difference of each battery cluster is larger than a set value 1 and smaller than or equal to a set value 2 (assuming a voltage value of 20V), and the battery clusters have no fault alarm, and the action process of each cluster is as follows: and closing the pre-charging relay and the circuit breaker, entering a circulation automatic maintenance mode, closing the main relay of each cluster when the voltage difference of each cluster is smaller than or equal to a set value 1, and opening the pre-charging relay after 3 seconds of delay.
3) The voltage difference of each battery cluster is larger than the set value 2, the BMS can not normally power up, and the voltage of the battery cluster needs to be adjusted by maintenance in a manual intervention mode.
The circuit diagram of the battery cluster circulation prevention pre-charging circuit is shown in fig. 1.
The Battery Management System (BMS) high-voltage box or control cabinet is internally provided with a pre-charging circuit among battery clusters, the BMS is powered on to detect the cluster end voltage of each cluster at first, when the cluster voltage difference is overlarge and exceeds the power possibly born by the pre-charging circuit, the BMS prompts that the cluster voltage difference is overlarge and the relays of each cluster are in a storage disconnection state.
When the voltage difference is within the possible bearing range of the pre-charging circuit, closing the total negative relay of each cluster, sequentially closing the pre-charging relay of each cluster, detecting that the current of each cluster is smaller than 2A or the voltage difference is smaller than a certain range, sequentially closing the total positive relay of each cluster, and then opening the pre-charging relay.
And simultaneously, in order to inhibit the generation of parallel circulation of the battery clusters:
1) When the system is started, a precharge circuit is added to each cluster, so that the generation of large circulation is effectively prevented.
2) And starting the BMS balancing function, keeping the consistency (voltage, SOC and the like) of the single batteries, and maintaining the consistency of the battery pack as much as possible.
3) In the charge and discharge process, the BMS can detect the current difference of each cluster in real time, when the current difference reaches a certain degree, the BMS can prompt and give an alarm, and at the moment, the difference among clusters is larger, and the BMS needs to be matched with a PCS (power conversion system) and an EMS (energy management system) to balance the difference among clusters.
From the above control scheme of the current battery cluster parallel circulation pre-charge circuit, the following problems exist;
1) Before the energy storage battery cluster system is put into operation each time, a battery cluster is precharged by a precharge circuit, then the battery clusters can be connected in parallel, and the battery clusters can be connected in parallel immediately without starting to work;
2) In the running process of the energy storage battery cluster system, along with the continuous progress of charge and discharge, the inconsistency of each battery cluster can be gradually increased, when the inconsistency reaches a certain degree, BMS can prompt and give an alarm, at the moment, the difference between the clusters is larger, and the battery clusters are matched with PCS and EMS to balance the difference between the battery clusters. In the process of balancing the difference among the battery clusters, the whole energy storage battery cluster system cannot work normally.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects related to the background technology, the invention provides a parallel anti-circulation circuit and a parallel anti-circulation method for a battery cluster, which can realize the difference balance among the battery clusters in an energy transfer mode at any stage in the operation of a battery cluster system.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for solving the technical problems:
a battery cluster parallel anti-circulation circuit comprises M battery modules and M-1 electric quantity adjusting modules, wherein M is a natural number greater than or equal to 2;
the battery module comprises a battery cluster, a first circuit breaker, a second circuit breaker, a fuse and a current divider, wherein the positive electrode of the battery cluster is connected with one end of the first circuit breaker through the fuse, and the negative electrode of the battery cluster is connected with one end of the second circuit breaker through the current divider; the other end of the first circuit breaker is connected with the anode of the external PCS, and the other end of the second circuit breaker is connected with the cathode of the external PCS;
the electric quantity adjusting module comprises a first relay K 1 Second relay K 2 A resistor module, and a capacitor module;
the resistance module comprises i current limiting resistors R 1 ～R i I unidirectional MOS tube switches Q 1 ～Q i I unidirectional MOS tube switches S 1 ～S i I is a natural number greater than or equal to 1, and the current limiting resistor R 1 ～R i The resistance value of R is sequentially increased p Respectively and Q p Source of S p Is electrically connected with the drain electrode of R p Is connected to the other end of the connection point D 1 P is a natural number of 1 or more and i or less; q (Q) p Respectively and S p Source, K of (1) 1 One end of (K) 2 Is connected with one end of the connecting rod; k (K) 1 The other end of the power supply module is used as a first access end of the power regulation module, K 2 The other end of the power supply module is used as a second access end of the power regulation module;
the capacitor module comprises n energy storage capacitors C 1 ～C n N unidirectional MOS tube switches W 1 ～W n N unidirectional MOS tube switches X 1 ～X n N is a natural number greater than or equal to 1, and the energy storage capacitor C 1 ～C n The capacitance value of C is increased in turn q And one end of each of (2) is respectively with W q Source, X of (2) q Is electrically connected with the drain electrode of C q Is connected to the other end of the connection point D 2 P is a natural number of 1 or more and n or less; w (W) q Respectively and X q Source of (D), connection point D 1 Are connected; the connection point D 2 The third access end is used as an electric quantity adjusting module;
the M-1 electric quantity adjusting module is sequentially arranged among the M battery modules, a first access end of the M electric quantity adjusting module is connected with one end, close to the first circuit breaker, of the fuse in the M battery module, a second access end of the M electric quantity adjusting module is connected with one end, close to the first circuit breaker, of the fuse in the m+1th battery module, a third access end of the M battery module is respectively connected with one end, close to the second circuit breaker, of the shunt in the M battery module, one end, close to the second circuit breaker, of the shunt in the m+1th battery module, and M is a natural number which is larger than or equal to 1 and smaller than or equal to M-1.
The invention also discloses a differential balancing method of the parallel anti-circulation circuit of the battery cluster, which comprises the following specific steps of:
let two adjacent battery modules be the xth and the xth+1th battery modules, K in the xth electric quantity adjusting module 1 、K 2 、Q 1 ～Q i 、S 1 ～S i 、W 1 ～W n 、X 1 ～X n All are in an off state, and x is a natural number which is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M;
step 1), judging the voltage of the xth battery module and the xth+1th battery module;
step 1.1), if the voltage of the x-th battery module is greater than the voltage of the x+1-th battery module:
step 1.1.1), calculating according to the voltage difference value of the xth battery module and the xth+1th battery module to obtain a target resistance R of the resistor module in the xth electric quantity adjusting module d And a target capacitance C of the capacitance module d ；
Step 1.1.2), controlling Q in the xth electric quantity adjusting module 1 ～Q i Is conducted to make the resistance of the resistance module R d Control W in the xth electric quantity adjusting module 1 ～W n Is conducted to make the capacitance of the resistance module be C d And control K in the xth electric quantity adjusting module 1 Conducting to enable the xth battery module to charge the capacitor module of the xth electric quantity adjusting module; after the capacitor module of the xth electric quantity adjusting module is charged, disconnecting K in the xth electric quantity adjusting module 1 、Q 1 ～Q i 、W 1 ～W n ；
Step 1.1.3), S in the xth electric quantity adjusting module is controlled 1 ～S i Is conducted to make the resistance of the resistance module R d Control X in the xth electric quantity adjusting module 1 ～X n Is conducted to make the capacitance of the resistance module be C d And control K in the xth electric quantity adjusting module 2 Conducting to enable the capacitor module of the xth electric quantity adjusting module to discharge the xth+1th battery module; after the capacitor module of the xth electric quantity adjusting module finishes discharging, disconnecting K in the xth electric quantity adjusting module 2 、S 1 ～S i 、X 1 ～X n ；
Step 1.1.4), repeating the steps 1.1.2) to 1.1.3) until the voltage difference between the (x) th and (x+1) th battery modules is less than or equal to a preset voltage threshold;
step 1.2), if the voltage of the x-th battery module is less than the voltage of the x+1-th battery module:
step 1.2.1), calculating according to the voltage difference value of the (x+1) th battery module and the (x) th battery module to obtain a target resistance R of the resistor module in the (x) th electric quantity adjusting module d And a target capacitance C of the capacitance module d ；
Step 1.2.2), S in the xth electric quantity adjusting module is controlled 1 ～S i Is conducted to make the resistance of the resistance module R d Control X in the xth electric quantity adjusting module 1 ～X n Is conducted to make the capacitance of the resistance module be C d And control K in the xth electric quantity adjusting module 2 Conducting to enable the (x+1) th battery module to charge the capacitor module of the (x) th electric quantity adjusting module; after the capacitor module of the xth electric quantity adjusting module is charged, disconnecting K in the xth electric quantity adjusting module 2 、S 1 ～S i 、X 1 ～X n ；
Step 1.2.3), controlling Q in the xth electric quantity adjusting module 1 ～Q i Is conducted to make the resistance of the resistance module R d Control W in the xth electric quantity adjusting module 1 ～W n Is conducted to make the capacitance of the resistance module be C d And control K in the xth electric quantity adjusting module 1 Conducting to enable the capacitor module of the xth electric quantity adjusting module to discharge the xth battery module; after the capacitor module of the xth electric quantity adjusting module finishes discharging, disconnecting K in the xth electric quantity adjusting module 1 、Q 1 ～Q i 、W 1 ～W n ；
Step 1.2.4), repeating the steps 1.2.2) to 1.2.3) until the voltage difference between the (x+1) th and the (x) th battery modules is less than or equal to a preset voltage threshold.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following technical effects:
1. the circuit scheme of the invention can directly electrify the battery clusters without pre-charging in advance, thereby saving the time spent by the pre-charging circuit;
2. the circuit can transfer energy among the battery clusters no matter the system is charged or discharged or even in a standing stage in the running process of the energy storage battery cluster system, and the problem that the parallel circulation pre-charge circuit control scheme of the battery clusters can only control the parallel circulation of the battery clusters in a pre-charge circuit mode when the system stops working is solved;
3. when the existing battery cluster parallel circulation pre-charge circuit control scheme is used for balancing the difference among the battery clusters, the control of the battery cluster parallel circulation can be carried out only by matching with PCS and EMS, and the control of the battery cluster parallel circulation by the circuit scheme can be carried out only by matching with BMS;
4. in the circuit scheme of the invention, the magnitude of current can be controlled to switch Q of the unidirectional MOS tube through the control circuit when the electric quantity among the battery clusters is transferred 1 ～Q i 、S 1 ～S i Respectively controlling the current-limiting resistor R by combining and switching 1 ～R i Is adjustable by combination and on-off of the components;
5. the size of the capacitor of the energy transfer station used in the transfer of the electric quantity among the battery clusters in the circuit scheme of the invention can be controlled by a control circuit to switch the unidirectional MOS tube switch W 1 ～W n 、X 1 ～X n Respectively control the energy storage capacitor C by combining and switching 1 ～C n Is adjustable by combination and on-off of the components;
6. the differential balance between the circuit scheme and the battery clusters is realized by an energy transfer mode, and almost no energy is lost in the working process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a battery cluster loop precharge circuit control scheme;
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a battery cluster parallel anti-loop circuit;
fig. 3 is a battery cluster B j-1 Is transferred and stored into the energy storage capacitor C 1 A current pattern in (a);
fig. 4 is an energy storage capacitor C 1 Is transferred and stored to the battery cluster B j A current pattern in (a);
FIG. 5 shows a partial charge transfer to the storage capacitor C for a parallel battery cluster 1 A current pattern in (a);
FIG. 6 is an energy storage capacitor C 1 Is transferred and stored to the battery cluster B j+1 Is a current pattern in the current transformer.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
this invention may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. In the drawings, the components are exaggerated for clarity.
It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components and/or sections, these elements, components and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, and/or section from another. Accordingly, a first element, component, and/or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, or section without departing from the teachings of the present invention.
The invention discloses a battery cluster parallel anti-circulation circuit, which comprises M battery modules and M-1 electric quantity adjusting modules, wherein M is a natural number greater than or equal to 2;
the battery module comprises a battery cluster, a first circuit breaker, a second circuit breaker, a fuse and a current divider, wherein the positive electrode of the battery cluster is connected with one end of the first circuit breaker through the fuse, and the negative electrode of the battery cluster is connected with one end of the second circuit breaker through the current divider; the other end of the first circuit breaker is connected with the anode of the external PCS, and the other end of the second circuit breaker is connected with the cathode of the external PCS;
the electric quantity adjusting module comprises a first relay K 1 Second relay K 2 A resistor module, and a capacitor module;
the resistance module comprises i current limiting resistors R 1 ～R i I unidirectional MOS tube switches Q 1 ～Q i I unidirectional MOS tube switches S 1 ～S i I is a natural number greater than or equal to 1, and the current limiting resistor R 1 ～R i The resistance value of R is sequentially increased p Respectively and Q p Source of S p Is electrically connected with the drain electrode of R p Is connected to the other end of the connection point D 1 P is a natural number of 1 or more and i or less; q (Q) p Respectively and S p Source, K of (1) 1 One end of (K) 2 Is connected with one end of the connecting rod; k (K) 1 The other end of the power supply module is used as a first access end of the power regulation module, K 2 The other end of the power supply module is used as a second access end of the power regulation module;
the capacitor module comprises n energy storage capacitors C 1 ～C n N unidirectional MOS tube switches W 1 ～W n N unidirectional MOS tube switches X 1 ～X n N is a natural number greater than or equal to 1, and the energy storage capacitor C 1 ～C n The capacitance value of C is increased in turn q And one end of each of (2) is respectively with W q Source, X of (2) q Is electrically connected with the drain electrode of C q Is connected to the other end of the connection point D 2 P is a natural number of 1 or more and n or less; w (W) q Respectively and X q Source of (D), connection point D 1 Are connected; the connection point D 2 The third access end is used as an electric quantity adjusting module;
the M-1 electric quantity adjusting module is sequentially arranged among the M battery modules, a first access end of the M electric quantity adjusting module is connected with one end, close to the first circuit breaker, of the fuse in the M battery module, a second access end of the M electric quantity adjusting module is connected with one end, close to the first circuit breaker, of the fuse in the m+1th battery module, a third access end of the M battery module is respectively connected with one end, close to the second circuit breaker, of the shunt in the M battery module, one end, close to the second circuit breaker, of the shunt in the m+1th battery module, and M is a natural number which is larger than or equal to 1 and smaller than or equal to M-1.
The invention is matched with a control circuit to uniformly command and manage all the battery clusters in the parallel anti-circulation circuitThe working pace of the component. The control circuit can control Q in each electric quantity adjusting module 1 ～Q i 、S 1 ～S i 、W 1 ～W n 、X 1 ～X n 、K 1 、K 2 The on-off of the first breaker and the second breaker in each battery module can be controlled, working logic between the first breaker and the second breaker is comprehensively arranged, the working state information of the whole energy storage battery cluster system can be received and monitored, the received information is processed and judged, and finally, under the condition of what the components need to work, what the components need to stop the current working state and the like are made, and the command is executed.
The following is a cut-out of 3 cell cluster segments of cell cluster B j To illustrate the principle of operation of the circuit of the present invention:
as shown in fig. 2, for the jth battery module, j is a natural number of 2 or more and M-1 or less, and the battery cluster B j The positive electrode of the battery is connected with a fuse, and the fuse can play a role in short-circuit protection on the battery cluster; after the working circuit current passes through the fuse, the working circuit current is connected with a first circuit breaker, and the first circuit breaker can control the on-off of the battery cluster and the PCS anode; battery cluster B j The negative electrode of the battery cluster is connected with the current divider, the current divider can measure and monitor the working current of the battery cluster and send current information to the control circuit, and the control circuit can judge the working state of the battery cluster and make action decisions through the current information; after the working circuit current passes through the current divider, the working circuit current is connected with a second circuit breaker, and the circuit breaker can control the on-off of the battery cluster and the PCS cathode.
R 1 ～R i The current limiting resistor is adopted, and the resistance values are respectively and sequentially increased; q (Q) 1 ～Q i 、S 1 ～S i The current-limiting resistor R can be controlled by the combination and the on-off of the unidirectional MOS tube switch 1 ～R i Is provided with a combination of the components and on-off state. For example, unidirectional MOS transistor switch Q 1 And S is 1 Can control the current-limiting resistor R 1 Is in the working state: whether or not to switch in the circuit, the current passes through the current-limiting resistor R 1 Is provided). By limiting the flowResistor R 1 ～R i The total resistance of the access circuit can be changed by controlling the number of the resistances of the access circuit, so that the current of the working circuit can be controlled.
C 1 ～C n The capacitor is an energy storage capacitor, and the capacitance values are respectively increased in turn; w (W) 1 ～W n 、X 1 ～X n The combination and the on-off of the unidirectional MOS tube switch can respectively control the energy storage capacitor C 1 ～C n Is provided with a combination of the components and on-off state. Such as a unidirectional MOS transistor switch; w (W) 1 And X 1 Can control the energy storage capacitor C 1 Is in the working state: whether or not to switch in the circuit and current passes through the energy storage capacitor C 1 Is provided). By means of a pair of energy storage capacitors C 1 ～C n The total capacitance value of the access circuit can be changed by controlling the capacitance number of the access circuit, so that the capacitance value of the working circuit can be controlled.
Current limiting resistor R 1 ～R i With its control unidirectional MOS tube switch formed circuit combination, energy storage capacitor C 1 ～C n The circuit combination is formed by controlling the unidirectional MOS tube switch, and the circuit combination and the unidirectional MOS tube switch are in series connection to form a capacitance-resistance combination; current limiting resistor R 1 ～R i Are in parallel connection with each other; energy storage capacitor C 1 ～C n In parallel relationship with each other.
Relay K 1 、K 2 And in parallel connection, the on-off of the capacitor resistance combination and the circuits of the adjacent 2 battery clusters are respectively controlled.
The implementation of the invention will now be described in detail with respect to the operation of the entire battery cluster parallel anti-circulation circuit. The specific implementation steps are as follows:
suppose battery cluster B j-1 The voltage value is higher than that of the battery cluster B j If the PCS +/-side breaker is directly closed at this time, a loop current is generated, so that the breaker cannot be directly closed, and the battery cluster B needs to be firstly closed j-1 Voltage value and battery cluster B j The circuit breaker can be closed after the voltage values of the voltage values are consistent.
Step A), the voltage difference value of the 2 clusters of battery clusters is controlled by a control circuitThe overall calculation and analysis can give the number and combination of the current-limiting resistor and the energy storage capacitor which need to be connected into the circuit, and the current-limiting resistor R is only needed to be connected into the circuit at this time 1 And an energy storage capacitor C 1 In this embodiment, it is assumed that each electric quantity adjusting module only needs to be connected to R when each resistor module works 1 All the capacitor modules only need to be connected with C 1 。
The relay K is enabled by a control circuit 1 Conduction and unidirectional MOS tube switch Q 1 、W 1 Conduction, battery cluster B j-1 And current limiting resistor R 1 And an energy storage capacitor C 1 Forming a current path such that the battery cluster B j-1 Part of the electric quantity of (C) is transferred and stored in the energy storage capacitor C 1 In the capacitor C to be stored 1 Quilt battery cluster B j-1 After the transferred electric quantity is full, the relay K is opened 1 At the same time disconnect the unidirectional MOS tube switch Q 1 、W 1 。
Battery cluster B j-1 Is transferred and stored into the energy storage capacitor C 1 The direction of the current in (a) is shown in figure 3.
Step B), after the electric energy transfer of step A), the energy storage capacitor C 1 Voltage value at two ends and battery cluster B j-1 Is of a voltage value equivalent to that of the adjacent battery cluster B j Is provided with a storage capacitor C 1 The internal stored electric energy is transferred to the battery cluster B j Is a condition of (2).
Assuming that the energy storage capacitor C is calculated and analyzed through the overall control circuit 1 To battery cluster B j During the transfer of the electric quantity, a larger current can be used, and the current-limiting resistor R is assumed to be used at the moment 1 And R is i Can be turned on at the same time.
The relay K is enabled by a control circuit 2 On-one-way MOS tube switch S 1 、S i 、X 1 Conduction, battery cluster B j And current limiting resistor R 1 And R is R i Parallel combination of (C) energy storage capacitor 1 Form a current path, thus the energy storage capacitor C 1 Part of the electric quantity stored after the first step is transferred and stored into the battery cluster B j In the process, as the capacitor discharges, the capacitor to be stored is storedC 1 And battery cluster B j When the voltages of (a) are equal, the energy storage capacitor C 1 It is no longer possible to move to cluster B j The discharge energy is transferred, at the moment, the discharge is stopped, and the relay K is closed 2 At the same time, the unidirectional MOS tube switch S is closed 1 、S i 、X 1 。
Energy storage capacitor C 1 Is transferred and stored to the battery cluster B j The current direction in (a) is shown in fig. 4.
Step C), repeating the step A) and the step B) for a plurality of times, and transferring the electric energy for a plurality of times to form a battery cluster B j-1 Specific battery cluster B j Much of the electrical energy is transferred half to battery cluster B j Thereby finally making the battery cluster B j-1 And battery cluster B j The stored electric energy is consistent, and the voltages are substantially equal.
If battery cluster B j-1 The voltage value is lower than that of the battery cluster B j If the PCS +/-side breaker is directly closed at this time, a loop current is generated, so that the breaker cannot be directly closed, and the battery cluster B needs to be firstly closed j-1 Voltage value and battery cluster B j The circuit breaker can be closed after the voltage values of the voltage values are consistent.
At this time, battery cluster B j The stored electric energy is higher than that of the battery cluster B j-1 The stored electric energy is used for making the voltages of the 2 clusters of cells substantially equal, and the cell cluster B j Specific battery cluster B j-1 Much of the electrical energy is transferred half to battery cluster B j-1 The steps and manner of the transfer of electrical energy are similar to those used in the first case above.
The first case and the second case are aimed at electric energy transfer between two adjacent battery clusters, and finally the voltages of the two adjacent battery clusters are equal, so that the generation of circulation when the two battery clusters are connected in parallel is avoided.
On the basis, if a battery module group formed by a plurality of adjacent and parallel battery modules needs to be connected with the adjacent battery modules in parallel, the battery module group is regarded as a new battery module, and the battery module group can be connected in parallel by adopting the same method. The following examples (still assuming eachThe resistor module of each electric quantity regulating module only needs to be connected with R when each working 1 All the capacitor modules only need to be connected with C 1 )：
Suppose battery cluster B j-1 Voltage value and battery cluster B j The two battery clusters can be directly connected in parallel, but the voltage value of the two battery clusters after being connected in parallel is higher than that of the battery cluster B j+1 The three clusters of cells cannot be connected in parallel directly because the voltage values of the three clusters of cells are high, and the voltage values of the three clusters of cells need to be adjusted to the same level first, namely, the cell cluster B is needed to be connected in parallel j-1 And battery cluster B j The total electric quantity after parallel connection is partially transferred to a battery cluster B j+1 Is a kind of medium.
Step A), making the battery cluster B through a control circuit j-1 And battery cluster B j Relay K between 1 And K 2 The 2 direct parallel battery clusters are conducted first. Then the battery cluster B is made through the control circuit j And battery cluster B j+1 Relay K between 1 Conduction and unidirectional MOS tube switch Q 1 、W 1 Conduction, battery cluster B j-1 And battery cluster B j Parallel battery cluster and current limiting resistor R formed after direct parallel connection 1 And an energy storage capacitor C 1 Forms a current path so that partial electric quantity of the parallel battery cluster can be transferred and stored into the energy storage capacitor C 1 In the capacitor C to be stored 1 After the electric quantity transferred by the parallel battery clusters is full, closing the battery cluster B j And battery cluster B j+1 Relay K between 1 At the same time, the unidirectional MOS tube switch Q is closed 1 、W 1 。
Partial electric quantity of the parallel battery cluster is transferred and stored to an energy storage capacitor C 1 The current direction in (a) is shown in fig. 5.
Step B), after the electric energy transfer of step A), the energy storage capacitor C 1 The voltage values of the two ends are equal to the voltage value of the parallel battery cluster and higher than that of the adjacent battery cluster B j+1 Is provided with a storage capacitor C 1 The internal stored electric energy is transferred to the battery cluster B j+1 Is a condition of (2).
The battery cluster B is enabled by a control circuit j And battery cluster B j+1 Relay therebetweenK 2 On-one-way MOS tube switch S i 、X 1 Conduction, battery cluster B j+1 And current limiting resistor R i Energy storage capacitor C 1 Form a current path, thus the energy storage capacitor C 1 Part of the electric quantity stored after the first step is transferred and stored into the battery cluster B j+1 In the process, as the capacitor discharges, the capacitor C is stored 1 And battery cluster B j+1 When the voltages of (a) are equal, the energy storage capacitor C 1 It is no longer possible to move to cluster B j+1 The discharge energy is transferred, at the moment, the discharge is stopped, and the relay K is closed 2 At the same time, the unidirectional MOS tube switch S is closed i 、X 1 。
Energy storage capacitor C 1 Is transferred and stored to the battery cluster B j+1 The current direction in (a) is shown in fig. 6.
Step C), repeating the step A) and the step B) for a plurality of times, and transferring electric energy for a plurality of times to compare the parallel battery cluster with the battery cluster B j+1 One third of the more electric energy is transferred to the battery cluster B j+1 Thereby finally making the battery cluster B j+1 And the voltage of the parallel battery cluster is basically equal.
If battery cluster B j-1 And battery cluster B j The voltage value of the parallel battery cluster formed after direct parallel connection is lower than that of the battery cluster B j+1 If the circuit breaker on the +/-side of the PCS is directly closed at this time, a circulation current is generated, so that the circuit breaker cannot be directly closed, and the circuit breaker can be closed only after the voltage values of the 3 clusters of battery clusters are consistent.
At this time, battery cluster B j+1 The stored energy is higher than that of the parallel battery clusters, and the battery cluster B is needed to be used for equalizing the voltages of the 3 battery clusters j+1 More than two-thirds of the energy transfer to cluster B than to the parallel cluster j The steps and manner of the transfer of electrical energy are similar to those used in the third case above.
In summary, it can be seen that the working principle of the parallel anti-circulation circuit of the battery clusters is to transfer and distribute the redundant electric quantity of the battery clusters with high voltage to the battery clusters with low voltage through the action of the transfer station of the energy storage capacitor, so that the voltage consistency of each battery cluster is achieved, and the generation of circulation between the battery clusters is avoided. The electric energy transfer between the battery clusters can be carried out in the charging, discharging and standing states in the working process of the battery clusters, and can also be carried out in the non-working state of the battery cluster system.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, other and further details of the invention may be had by the present invention, it should be understood that the foregoing description is merely illustrative of the present invention and that no limitations are intended to the scope of the invention, except insofar as modifications, equivalents, improvements or modifications are within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. The battery cluster parallel anti-circulation circuit is characterized by comprising M battery modules and M-1 electric quantity adjusting modules, wherein M is a natural number greater than or equal to 2;
the battery module comprises a battery cluster, a first circuit breaker, a second circuit breaker, a fuse and a current divider, wherein the positive electrode of the battery cluster is connected with one end of the first circuit breaker through the fuse, and the negative electrode of the battery cluster is connected with one end of the second circuit breaker through the current divider; the other end of the first circuit breaker is connected with the anode of the external PCS, and the other end of the second circuit breaker is connected with the cathode of the external PCS;
the electric quantity adjusting module comprises a first relay K 1 Second relay K 2 A resistor module, and a capacitor module;
the resistance module comprises i current limiting resistors R 1 ～R i I unidirectional MOS tube switches Q 1 ～Q i I unidirectional MOS tube switches S 1 ～S i I is a natural number greater than or equal to 1, and the current limiting resistor R 1 ～R i The resistance value of R is sequentially increased p Respectively and Q p Source of S p Is electrically connected with the drain electrode of R p Is connected to the other end of the connection point D 1 P is a natural number of 1 or more and i or less; q (Q) p Respectively and S p Source, K of (1) 1 One end of (K) 2 Is connected with one end of the connecting rod; k (K) 1 The other end of the power supply module is used as a first access end of the power regulation module, K 2 The other end of the power supply module is used as a second access end of the power regulation module;
the capacitor module comprises n energy storage capacitors C 1 ～C n N unidirectional MOS tube switches W 1 ～W n N unidirectional MOS tube switches X 1 ～X n N is a natural number greater than or equal to 1, and the energy storage capacitor C 1 ～C n The capacitance value of C is increased in turn q And one end of each of (2) is respectively with W q Source, X of (2) q Is electrically connected with the drain electrode of C q Is connected to the other end of the connection point D 2 P is a natural number of 1 or more and n or less; w (W) q Respectively and X q Source of (D), connection point D 1 Are connected; the connection point D 2 The third access end is used as an electric quantity adjusting module;
the M-1 electric quantity adjusting module is sequentially arranged among the M battery modules, a first access end of the M electric quantity adjusting module is connected with one end, close to the first circuit breaker, of the fuse in the M battery module, a second access end of the M electric quantity adjusting module is connected with one end, close to the first circuit breaker, of the fuse in the m+1th battery module, a third access end of the M battery module is respectively connected with one end, close to the second circuit breaker, of the shunt in the M battery module, one end, close to the second circuit breaker, of the shunt in the m+1th battery module, and M is a natural number which is larger than or equal to 1 and smaller than or equal to M-1.
2. The differential balancing method based on the parallel anti-circulation circuit of the battery clusters according to claim 1, wherein the specific steps when adjacent battery modules are connected in parallel are as follows:
let two adjacent battery modules be the xth and the xth+1th battery modules, K in the xth electric quantity adjusting module 1 、K 2 、Q 1 ～Q i 、S 1 ～S i 、W 1 ～W n 、X 1 ～X n All are in an off state, and x is a natural number which is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M;
step 1), judging the voltage of the xth battery module and the xth+1th battery module;
step 1.1), if the voltage of the x-th battery module is greater than the voltage of the x+1-th battery module:
step 1.1.1), calculating according to the voltage difference value of the xth battery module and the xth+1th battery module to obtain a target resistance R of the resistor module in the xth electric quantity adjusting module d And a target capacitance C of the capacitance module d ；
Step 1.1.2), controlling Q in the xth electric quantity adjusting module 1 ～Q i Is conducted to make the resistance of the resistance module R d Control W in the xth electric quantity adjusting module 1 ～W n Is conducted to make the capacitance of the resistance module be C d And control K in the xth electric quantity adjusting module 1 Conducting to enable the xth battery module to charge the capacitor module of the xth electric quantity adjusting module; after the capacitor module of the xth electric quantity adjusting module is charged, disconnecting K in the xth electric quantity adjusting module 1 、Q 1 ～Q i 、W 1 ～W n ；
Step 1.1.3), S in the xth electric quantity adjusting module is controlled 1 ～S i Is conducted to make the resistance of the resistance module R d Control X in the xth electric quantity adjusting module 1 ～X n Is conducted to make the capacitance of the resistance module be C d And control K in the xth electric quantity adjusting module 2 Conducting to enable the capacitor module of the xth electric quantity adjusting module to discharge the xth+1th battery module; after the capacitor module of the xth electric quantity adjusting module finishes discharging, disconnecting K in the xth electric quantity adjusting module 2 、S 1 ～S i 、X 1 ～X n ；
Step 1.1.4), repeating the steps 1.1.2) to 1.1.3) until the voltage difference between the (x) th and (x+1) th battery modules is less than or equal to a preset voltage threshold;
step 1.2), if the voltage of the x-th battery module is less than the voltage of the x+1-th battery module:
step 1.2.1), calculating according to the voltage difference value of the (x+1) th battery module and the (x) th battery module to obtain a target resistance R of the resistor module in the (x) th electric quantity adjusting module d And a target capacitance C of the capacitance module d ；
Step 1.2.2), S in the xth electric quantity adjusting module is controlled 1 ～S i Is conducted to make the resistance of the resistance module R d Control X in the xth electric quantity adjusting module 1 ～X n Is conducted to make the capacitance of the resistance module be C d And control K in the xth electric quantity adjusting module 2 Conducting to enable the (x+1) th battery module to charge the capacitor module of the (x) th electric quantity adjusting module; after the capacitor module of the xth electric quantity adjusting module is charged, disconnecting K in the xth electric quantity adjusting module 2 、S 1 ～S i 、X 1 ～X n ；
Step 1.2.3), controlling Q in the xth electric quantity adjusting module 1 ～Q i Is conducted to make the resistance of the resistance module R d Control W in the xth electric quantity adjusting module 1 ～W n Is conducted to make the capacitance of the resistance module be C d And control K in the xth electric quantity adjusting module 1 Conducting to enable the capacitor module of the xth electric quantity adjusting module to discharge the xth battery module; after the capacitor module of the xth electric quantity adjusting module finishes discharging, disconnecting K in the xth electric quantity adjusting module 1 、Q 1 ～Q i 、W 1 ～W n ；
Step 1.2.4), repeating the steps 1.2.2) to 1.2.3) until the voltage difference between the (x+1) th and the (x) th battery modules is less than or equal to a preset voltage threshold.
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