CN114123259A - Energy storage configuration method based on new energy access power distribution network inertia time constant evaluation - Google Patents
Energy storage configuration method based on new energy access power distribution network inertia time constant evaluation Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
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- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/40—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation wherein a plurality of decentralised, dispersed or local energy generation technologies are operated simultaneously
Abstract
The invention relates to an energy storage configuration method based on new energy access power distribution network inertia time constant evaluation, and belongs to the technical field of power distribution network safety and stability. The technical scheme is as follows: the method comprises the steps of firstly, acquiring active power change of a generator and frequency of each node of a power system in real time in a fault, establishing spatial distribution relation between the node frequency and inertia through an inertia mechanism, calculating equivalent inertia time constant of each node of the power system in real time, finding out weak inertia nodes, performing energy storage inertia compensation measures, and compensating the capacity of an energy storage system of low inertia nodes. The invention can calculate the inertia time constant of each node in real time, and completes the theoretical modeling of the inertia simulation of the power system; the method is beneficial to power grid planning and dispatching personnel to reasonably control the new energy access scale at the low-inertia node, promotes the new energy grid-connected consumption, is beneficial to the power system planning and operation dispatching personnel to find the inertia weak point in the system, takes local inertia compensation measures and improves the frequency stability of the power system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an energy storage configuration method based on new energy access power distribution network inertia time constant evaluation, in particular to an inertia time constant evaluation and distributed energy storage based configuration method of a power distribution network distribution node containing new energy power generation, which is used for improving the stability of a system and belongs to the technical field of safety and stability of a power distribution network.
Background
Frequency is an important indicator of power system operational capability and safety conditions. Taking a power distribution network as an example, when an active deficit occurs in a certain node of the power distribution network, the frequency of the system shifts, and if the active deficit exceeds a normal operation range, the frequency instability is caused, and a power distribution network breakdown event occurs in a serious case. In addition, with the massive access of distributed new energy power generation and power electronic interface equipment, the physical model and the dynamic characteristics of the power distribution network are changed, the original transient excitation and stable support conditions of the system are changed, the problem of system voltage stability is prominent, and new stability phenomena such as broadband oscillation and the like also occur successively. Therefore, effective control measures and means are needed to ensure continuous and safe operation of the distribution network. For a traditional power distribution network, the synchronous generator comprises a hydro-generator, a turbo-generator and the like, and is responsible for providing reliable electric energy and keeping the dynamic balance of power of the power grid. The main characterization of the rate of change of the grid frequency is the rotational inertia characteristics of these different types of generators themselves. Inertia is an inherent property of an object and is represented as a resistance effect on the change of a motion state, and inertia of a power system is represented as a frequency change capability for resisting unbalanced power caused by external disturbance and is an important guarantee for the stability of system frequency. In addition, the sources of inertia of conventional power systems are also the load side, such as asynchronous motors and synchronous motors.
However, the power electronics interface equipment for distributed generation is very different from the traditional synchronous generator in structure and dynamic level: on one hand, the power electronic device can electrically decouple the power generation side and the power grid side of new energy groups such as wind power, photovoltaic and the like, and further has the characteristic of uneven horizontal distribution of inertia, so that the equivalent inertia of the power grid is reduced, and the frequency change speed is increased; on the other hand, the power output of the new energy has obvious randomness and fluctuation, the provided inertia has fluctuation characteristics on the time level, and the frequency change cannot be responded in time, so that the dynamic response of the power grid frequency is deteriorated. Therefore, it is of great significance to evaluate the inertia of the system, identify weak nodes of the inertia and take effective measures to compensate the inertia. Inertia provided by changing a power electronic interface device is limited, and energy is stored in a multi-energy interconnection system, so that functions of planned output tracking, standby, frequency modulation and the like can be realized besides peak load shifting, valley filling, load smoothing and electricity abandonment. Therefore, if the energy storage system can participate in frequency modulation of the system, extra inertia can be brought to the system, and the frequency stability of the system is improved.
Currently, most of the research on inertia identification is offline evaluation. The researchers have proposed that inertia is evaluated according to the polynomial fitting frequency, so as to effectively reduce the oscillation component in the frequency change rate, but the precision is greatly influenced by the polynomial order and the time of selection calculation. In addition, the short-circuit test method, the static frequency domain response method and the like exist, but the method has the defects of long time consumption, low precision and the like. The learners have proposed a method for online evaluation of inertia using generator outlet breaker status, but not suitable for new energy generator sets. In addition, the inertia evaluation methods do not evaluate the inertia of different nodes of the system in a distributed manner.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an energy storage configuration method based on evaluation of inertia time constants of a new energy access power distribution network, and solves the problems that the characteristics of uneven inertia horizontal distribution are more obvious, the equivalent inertia of a power grid is reduced, the frequency change speed is increased and the like due to the fact that power electronic equipment represented by wind power, photovoltaic power generation and direct-current power transmission is accessed to a power system in a large scale at present; synchronously and dynamically acquiring the frequency change of each node of the power distribution network by adopting a high-precision synchronous Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU), evaluating the inertia level of each node, and finally performing energy storage compensation; from the point of view of dynamic stability of node inertia, stability evaluation is carried out on the system, and energy storage with corresponding capacity is configured at nodes with larger shortage, so that the problem that the traditional system inertia level evaluation cannot be accurate to the nodes is solved, a reasonable energy storage configuration scheme is provided from the point of view of the dynamic stability requirement of the system, the stability and the economy of the system are considered, the random and fluctuation characteristics of new energy power generation are adapted, the new energy power generation output or load information of each node does not need to be predicted, and the energy storage configuration is carried out only according to the dynamic measurement result; the system stability evaluation difficulty is reduced, the evaluation precision is improved, the quantitative analysis of the inertia level is provided for the real-time scheduling of the system, and the technical problems in the prior art are solved.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an energy storage configuration method based on evaluation of inertia time constants of a new energy access power distribution network comprises the steps of firstly, collecting active power change of a generator and frequencies of nodes of a power system in real time in a fault, establishing a relation between the node frequencies and the inertia space distribution through an inertia mechanism, calculating equivalent inertia time constants of the nodes of the power system in real time, completing modeling of inertia values of the nodes at any time in a quantized mode, and accurately calculating the inertia distribution; then, according to the equivalent inertia time constant of each node, finding out an inertia weak node, and performing energy storage inertia compensation measures to compensate the energy storage system capacity of the low inertia node; and establishing an inertia-capacity relation model of the energy storage system, and quantifying the capacity configuration of the energy storage system.
The node equivalent inertia time constant is output by a generator and the like and finally flows into the node when external disturbance occurs to the node, and is used for providing the margin of the node inertia value; the active power change of the generator and the node frequency of the power system are acquired in real time through the synchronous phasor measurement unit, the relation of the node frequency and the spatial distribution of inertia is established, and the theoretical modeling of the inertia simulation of the power system is completed.
The weak inertia node is found, the equivalent inertia time constant of the node closest to the inertia center frequency is selected as a reference value, the inertia value required to be compensated of the energy storage system with the low inertia node is quantized, the proper capacity of the node is determined when the node is accessed during energy storage operation, the problem that the peak-valley difference of a power grid is increased due to elastic load access can be solved, the active power grid loss of the system can be reduced, and the electric energy quality can be improved.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: establishing a relationship between a system model and the kinetic energy and inertia value of the rotor of the inertia source generator, and deducing the inertia value of the inertia center of the system to be used as the reference of the inertia weak node; the premise of evaluating the new energy power generation node according to the synchronous motor method is that the control strategy is virtual synchronous motor control;
step two: acquiring the active power of a generator and the change of the frequency of each node of the system during external disturbance, and solving the active power of a single generator for compensating the shortage of the system according to the kinetic energy theorem;
step three: measuring the capability of each node of the system for hindering frequency change by inertia to obtain a common node inertia value of the system and calculate an equivalent inertia time constant of the common node inertia value;
step four: according to the inertia time constants of the nodes, weak inertia nodes are found out, energy storage inertia compensation is carried out, and system stability is improved; and establishing an inertia-capacity relation model of the energy storage system, and quantifying the capacity configuration of the energy storage system.
According to the invention, the traditional synchronous generator is used as an inertia reference point, namely an inertia center, after the inertia time constant shortage of the distributed node of the system is evaluated according to the frequency change speed of the disturbed node, the corresponding node is compensated through the equivalent dynamic inertia of the stored energy, and the stability of the system is enhanced.
The invention has the positive effects that: the method is based on a synchronous Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU), active power change of a generator and the frequency of each node of a power system are collected in real time in a fault, and the relation of spatial distribution between the node frequency and inertia is established through an inertia mechanism; the node does not have inertia, the equivalent inertia of the node is the embodiment of the system inertia at the node, the invention can calculate the node inertia value which can not be measured by the node frequency which can be directly measured and simulated and the system active power shortage, and can calculate the inertia time constant of each node in real time, thus completing the theoretical modeling of the power system inertia simulation; the method and the device complete the modeling of the inertia value of each node at any time, can accurately calculate the inertia distribution, are beneficial to power grid planning and dispatching personnel to reasonably control the new energy access scale at low-inertia nodes, promote the new energy grid-connected consumption, are beneficial to power system planning and operation dispatching personnel to find the inertia weak points in the system, adopt local inertia compensation measures and improve the frequency stability of the power system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for calculating an inertial time constant and an energy storage capacity configuration of a node of a power system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a new England power system of the United states of America with IEEE 39 nodes simulated in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a histogram of equivalent inertial time constants of nodes under load fluctuation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples:
an energy storage configuration method based on evaluation of inertia time constants of a new energy access power distribution network comprises the steps of firstly, collecting active power change of a generator and frequencies of nodes of a power system in real time in a fault, establishing a relation between the node frequencies and the inertia space distribution through an inertia mechanism, calculating equivalent inertia time constants of the nodes of the power system in real time, completing modeling of inertia values of the nodes at any time in a quantized mode, and accurately calculating the inertia distribution; then, according to the equivalent inertia time constant of each node, finding out an inertia weak node, and performing energy storage inertia compensation measures to compensate the energy storage system capacity of the low inertia node; and establishing an inertia-capacity relation model of the energy storage system, and quantifying the capacity configuration of the energy storage system.
The node equivalent inertia time constant is output by an inertia source (a generator and the like) and finally flows into a node when external disturbance occurs to the node, and is used for providing a margin of a node inertia value; the active power change of the generator and the node frequency of the power system are acquired in real time through the synchronous phasor measurement unit, the relation of the node frequency and the spatial distribution of inertia is established, and the theoretical modeling of the inertia simulation of the power system is completed.
The weak inertia node is found, the equivalent inertia time constant of the node closest to the inertia center frequency is selected as a reference value, the inertia value required to be compensated of the energy storage system with the low inertia node is quantized, the proper capacity of the node is determined when the node is accessed during energy storage operation, the problem that the peak-valley difference of a power grid is increased due to elastic load access can be solved, the active power grid loss of the system can be reduced, and the electric energy quality can be improved.
In the examples, the specific steps are as follows:
1) the synchronous phase angle measurement unit acquires data; 2) preprocessing the data; 3) calculating the inertia center inertia value and frequency of the system; 4) calculating the inertia value of each node of the system; 5) calculating an equivalent inertia time constant of a common node of the system; 6) and searching a low-inertia node for energy storage compensation, and calculating energy storage energy.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention mainly adopts a synchronous phase angle measurement unit PMU to collect active power changes of a generator and system frequency in real time, and calculates inertia time constants of each node of a system by using the collected system frequency changes and the generator active power changes. The method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: for a single generator, the value of inertia is expressed as the kinetic energy of the rotor of the generator at the rated angular speed, the value of inertia being:
wherein E isiIs the inertia value of the generator i, in units of MW · s; hGiIs a single machine inertia time constant with the unit of s; siApparent power of the generator, in MVA; j. the design is a squareiIs the total rotational inertia of the generator and has the unit of kg.m2；ωnThe rotor is rated for angular velocity in rad/s.
Accordingly, the inertia time constant of a generator stand-alone can be defined as:
according to the imbalance between the mechanical power and the electromagnetic power of the generator in a short time and the relationship among the inertia time constant, the capacity, the frequency and the change rate of the frequency, the mechanical equation of the rotor is obtained as follows:
wherein f isis、
Respectively representing the frequency and the change rate of a bus where the generator i is located after disturbance, wherein the unit is Hz and Hz/s; f. ofnIs the system rated frequency in Hz; delta PiIs the amount of active power imbalance of the generator i.
And (3) popularizing the above relation equation into the whole system, wherein the equivalent inertia expression of the whole system is as follows:
wherein EsIs the equivalent inertia value of the system; delta P is the active power unbalance of the system; f. ofsThe system frequency at the moment of load disturbance. It can be seen that the equivalent inertial time constant H of the entire systemsIs the inertia time constant H of the generatorGiThe sum of (1). If the new energy power generation electronic interface is under a unified virtual motor control strategy, the calculation of the inertia time constant is similar to that of the synchronous motor, but is limited by the virtual synchronous reactance.
Further, at some point after the known disturbance, the node frequencies and the generator inertia time constants HGiThe center frequency f of inertia at that time can be obtainedCOII.e. the frequency at the equivalent inertia value of the system:
the mechanical equation of the rotor can be rewritten as the following relation expressed by the moment of inertia J:
when the energy storage system is connected to the power grid, the absorbed or output power can affect the frequency of the power grid. Defining the output power of the energy storage system as PaWhen a certain node of the power system is connected to the energy storage, the above formula can be changed as follows:
therefore, when the energy storage system outputs power, the change rate of the system frequency changes, and can be extended to dynamic changes of the grid inertia value and the node inertia time constant. The distributed energy storage equipment is arranged in the power grid, the consumption capacity of the system to the distributed power supply can be improved to a certain extent, the problem that the peak-valley difference of the power grid is increased due to the fact that elastic load is connected into the power grid is solved, the active power grid loss of the system can be reduced, and the power quality is improved. However, in the present stage, the price per unit capacity of the energy storage device is expensive, and if the energy storage device with a larger capacity is directly configured in the system, the energy storage investment and the operation and maintenance cost are obviously increased; if the energy storage capacity is too small, the problem of poor operation stability is caused.
Step two: according to the kinetic energy theorem, a single generator is sampled from the sampling time t1To the sampling instant t2The amount of active power imbalance to be compensated is:
wherein, Δ PiIs the active power imbalance of the generator i, Pim、PieMechanical power and motor power are respectively provided, and the unit is MW; omegat1，ωt2Are respectively the sampling time t1And t2Angular frequency value of generator i.
In general, after the system is subjected to external disturbance, the mechanical power of the generator is considered to be constant before the primary frequency modulation starts, and then:
△Pi＝△Pe (9)
wherein, Δ PeIs the amount of electromagnetic power variation of the inertia source generator. Then Δ Pi＝Pe0-PetIn which P ise0Electromagnetic power, P, of a pre-disturbance source generatore0The electromagnetic power of the generator at the moment t after the disturbance.
According to the inertia value obtained in the step one, the inertia expression of a single generator can be obtained as follows:
the above formula is popularized to general nodes of the system, that is, the inertia value of the node k without the synchronous generator and the new energy power generation is as follows:
wherein f iskt2，fkt1Respectively at sampling time t1And t2Frequency value of each node k, fnAnd the delta P is the nominal node frequency and the system active power shortage.
Where n is the number of generators.
The system node inertia value is as follows: when external disturbance occurs to the node, the node is output by an inertia source such as a generator and finally flows into the node and is used for providing a margin of the node inertia value; specifically, when node k is disturbed, an active power deficit Δ P occurs, at which time each generator within the system may deliver energy E to node kkAnd is used for preventing the frequency of the disturbance node from decreasing.
Step three: and calculating the node inertia time constant according to the general node inertia value of the system. Defining an inertia time constant of the node k as a ratio of an equivalent inertia value of the node at a certain moment to a square of an equivalent angular velocity of the node after power disturbance occurs at the node k, namely:
here, the first and second liquid crystal display panels are,
is a normalized nominal frequency, i.e., 1. This is because for a general node, there is no capacity support, and the frequency change caused by the power change can represent the inertia strength.
Step four: and low-inertia nodes are found out by comparing inertia time constants of all nodes of the system, so that virtual inertia is provided by stored energy, and the initial frequency change rate after the weak point disturbance is reduced. And carrying out quantitative configuration on the capacity and the control parameters of the energy storage system by establishing a model of the energy storage system.
And establishing an inertia model of the energy storage system. For energy storage objects taking a capacitor as a medium, such as a super capacitor, a battery and the like, the inertia of the system can be measured by using a rated capacitance value, and the equivalent moment of inertia of energy storage can be solved. The energy storage battery can be equivalent to the following expression form:
wherein, Ceq、JeqThe unit is the equivalent capacitance value of the energy storage system; sNIs the battery capacity, in MAh; u shapecnIs the rated voltage of the battery and has the unit of V; omegaeqnIs an equivalent rated rotation angular velocity, omega, controlled by a synchronizereqn≈ωn。
Then the equivalent inertia time constant H of the energy storage systemessCan be defined as:
wherein SNIs the battery capacity.
When the energy storage system is connected to the node, additional equivalent rotational inertia can be brought to the node or the power grid. At this time, the equivalent moment of inertia of the node with energy storage system compensation is:
wherein, Jk、JessEquivalent moments of inertia, J, of node k and energy storage system, respectivelyiAnd n is the equivalent moment of inertia of the ith stored energy, and the number of the stored energy.
Selectable and inertial center frequency fCOIUsing the equivalent inertia time constant of the closest node as a reference value to quantify the compensation required by the energy storage system of the low-inertia nodeAnd the inertia value determines the proper capacity accessed during energy storage operation. The above formula can be generalized to have an equivalent inertia time constant of the energy storage system compensation as follows:
HCOI＝Hk+Hess (17)
from this, the capacity required by the energy storage system under compensation is:
in order to verify the effectiveness of the method for performing inertia evaluation and energy storage configuration of the power distribution network based on the PMU, a power distribution network model is established at first, and an IEEE 39-node standard system, namely a simplified model of a high-voltage power transmission system in the New England area of America, is simulated, and as shown in FIG. 2, the method comprises 10 synchronizers, 19 loads, 39 buses, 34 power transmission lines and 12 transformers. The nominal frequency of the system is 50Hz and the primary voltage level is 345V. The system is built on a PSSE simulation platform. Because the PSSE simulation platform lacks a new energy module, the verification does not contain a new energy access node, but the dynamic model built on other simulation platforms verifies that the compensation method takes the inertia center frequency change rate as the reference, so that the frequency change rate of weak nodes is reduced. The node 20 is applied with a large impact load, the sampling period is 0.01s, and t is 0.06s as an example, the collected disturbed node frequency data and the collected generator electromagnetic power values are shown in tables 1 and 2, respectively, where P isieThe electromagnetic power of the ith generator.
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
| Pe | 0s | 0.01s | 0.02s | 0.03s | 0.04s | 0.05s | 0.06 |
| 1 | 2.500001 | 2.817082 | 2.860091 | 2.897769 | 2.899987 | 2.904970 | 2.903453 |
| 2 | 5.221087 | 5.346540 | 5.350702 | 5.350901 | 5.349944 | 5.349804 | 5.349384 |
| 3 | 6.500002 | 6.672393 | 6.680560 | 6.680752 | 6.677077 | 6.676911 | 6.674914 |
| 4 | 6.320000 | 7.847815 | 7.732844 | 7.631905 | 7.594154 | 7.556786 | 7.532259 |
| 5 | 5.080001 | 7.143529 | 6.950043 | 6.727463 | 6.664103 | 6.589274 | 6.541707 |
| 6 | 6.500000 | 6.866672 | 6.877294 | 6.870980 | 6.861500 | 6.859291 | 6.853246 |
| 7 | 5.600001 | 5.871321 | 5.891677 | 5.900195 | 5.899400 | 5.900201 | 5.899930 |
| 8 | 5.399998 | 5.521455 | 5.528141 | 5.530819 | 5.530644 | 5.532448 | 5.533156 |
| 9 | 8.300001 | 8.432686 | 8.439047 | 8.437444 | 8.432152 | 8.430408 | 8.427441 |
| 10 | 9.999997 | 10.263176 | 10.317681 | 10.379034 | 10.401540 | 10.425208 | 10.442286 |
Taking t as 0.06s as an example, the active power shortage of the power distribution network is as follows:
the inertia value of each node of the power distribution network according to the formula (11) is shown in the following table:
TABLE 3
| BUS | E/MW·s | BUS | E/MW· |
| 1 | 4163697.602 | 21 | 1288784.049 |
| 2 | 2462638.272 | 22 | 1520758.546 |
| 3 | 1812217.22 | 23 | 1548098.369 |
| 4 | 1831231.025 | 24 | 1179635.446 |
| 5 | 2096617.057 | 25 | 2544638.666 |
| 6 | 2136957.32 | 26 | 1963560.2 |
| 7 | 2161266.38 | 27 | 1604604.385 |
| 8 | 2195648.924 | 28 | 2422447.527 |
| 9 | 3895679.235 | 29 | 2697124.373 |
| 10 | 2072740.084 | 30 | 3246187.332 |
| 11 | 2088271.1 | 31 | 2862872.408 |
| 12 | 2018374.68 | 32 | 2779960.162 |
| 13 | 1958741.866 | 33 | 678807.9286 |
| 14 | 1718288.607 | 34 | 442678.5905 |
| 15 | 1253416.595 | 35 | 1789541.577 |
| 16 | 1148391.789 | 36 | 2318601.107 |
| 17 | 1353357.266 | 37 | 3493508.331 |
| 18 | 1487930.427 | 38 | 3602987.93 |
| 19 | 682599.0775 | 39 | 7970597.272 |
| 20 | 516993.279 |
From this equation (13), the equivalent inertia time constant of each node can be calculated as shown in the histogram of the equivalent inertia time constant of each node in fig. 2.
It can be seen that the inertial time constants at BUS34, BUS33, BUS20 and BUS19 are low relative to the other nodes, all near where the load disturbance occurs. Therefore, the electromagnetic power and the node frequency of the generator can be acquired by the PMU in real time, and the occurrence area of the disturbance point is indirectly judged.
At this moment, the center frequency of inertia is:
as can be seen by comparison, the frequency value of the node 27 is closest to the inertia center frequency, that is, the inertia time constant of the node 27 is taken as a reference value, and the energy storage system capacity of the low inertia node 34 is calculated according to equation (18):
the rated voltage of the super capacitor energy storage system is 199.8V, the total capacitance is 56.8F, and SN is 48095W.
Claims (4)
1. An energy storage configuration method based on new energy access power distribution network inertia time constant evaluation is characterized in that: firstly, acquiring active power change of a generator and the frequency of each node of a power system in real time in a fault, establishing a relation between the node frequency and the spatial distribution of inertia through an inertia mechanism, calculating an equivalent inertia time constant of each node of the power system in real time, completing modeling for quantifying the inertia value of each node at any moment, and accurately calculating the inertia distribution; then, according to the equivalent inertia time constant of each node, finding out an inertia weak node, and performing energy storage inertia compensation measures to compensate the energy storage system capacity of the low inertia node; and establishing an inertia-capacity relation model of the energy storage system, and quantifying the capacity configuration of the energy storage system.
2. The energy storage configuration method based on new energy access distribution network inertia time constant evaluation according to claim 1, characterized in that: the node equivalent inertia time constant is output by a generator and finally flows into a node when external disturbance occurs to the node, and is used for providing a margin of a node inertia value; the active power change of the generator and the node frequency of the power system are acquired in real time through the synchronous phasor measurement unit, the relation of the node frequency and the spatial distribution of inertia is established, and the theoretical modeling of the inertia simulation of the power system is completed.
3. The energy storage configuration method based on the evaluation of the inertia time constant of the new energy access distribution network according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the weak inertia node is found, the equivalent inertia time constant of the node closest to the inertia center frequency is selected as a reference value, the inertia value required to be compensated of the energy storage system with the low inertia node is quantized, the proper capacity of the node is determined when the node is accessed during energy storage operation, the problem that the peak-valley difference of a power grid is increased due to elastic load access can be solved, the active power grid loss of the system can be reduced, and the electric energy quality can be improved.
4. The energy storage configuration method based on the evaluation of the inertia time constant of the new energy access distribution network according to claim 3, characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
1) the synchronous phase angle measurement unit acquires data; 2) preprocessing the data; 3) calculating the inertia center inertia value and frequency of the system; 4) calculating the inertia value of each node of the system; 5) calculating an equivalent inertia time constant of a common node of the system; 6) and searching a low-inertia node for energy storage compensation, and calculating energy storage energy.
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