CN114114471A - Method for measuring rainfall capacity by portable device of grassland ecological positioning observation point - Google Patents
Method for measuring rainfall capacity by portable device of grassland ecological positioning observation point Download PDFInfo
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- CN114114471A CN114114471A CN202111399425.0A CN202111399425A CN114114471A CN 114114471 A CN114114471 A CN 114114471A CN 202111399425 A CN202111399425 A CN 202111399425A CN 114114471 A CN114114471 A CN 114114471A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims 12
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 claims 12
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 abstract description 21
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 abstract description 20
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01W—METEOROLOGY
- G01W1/00—Meteorology
- G01W1/14—Rainfall or precipitation gauges
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring rainfall capacity by a portable device at a grassland ecological positioning observation point. The installation device comprises a main body rod and a circular tray, wherein one section of the main body rod is embedded into soil by 30cm, one end of the main body rod is connected with the tray through screws, the tray is used for connecting a portable device, and the portable device comprises a rainfall collector, an evaporation prevention device, a rainfall storage device, an exhaust hose, a filter screen, a cylinder shell and a base. The rainfall is measured by the method, the portable rainfall measuring device is low in cost, the damage area of the grassland is small, power supply equipment is not needed, the installation is simple, the measured data is accurate, the problem that the rainfall data of a small area cannot be obtained due to sparse distribution of weather stations can be effectively solved, and the method has wide application prospect in grassland ecological positioning observation points with underdeveloped economy and poor natural environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of natural rainfall measurement, in particular to a method for measuring rainfall by a portable device of a grassland ecological positioning observation point.
Background
The method has important scientific significance for accurately and quickly measuring the rainfall on the growth condition of the grassland vegetation and the stability of an ecosystem. Under the big background of ecological civilization construction, numerous scholars and technical personnel develop a large amount of grassland ecological positioning monitoring point monitoring works to monitor regional ecological state for a long time. However, meteorological stations in China are mainly distributed in city and county levels, meteorological observation points are limited, and therefore more detailed regional research cannot be met, and the cost for setting regional ecological positioning and monitoring meteorological stations is high, and large-area implementation cannot be achieved. Therefore, how to accurately measure the rainfall at the positioning point has become a difficult problem for technologists. At present, devices for measuring rainfall mainly comprise special measuring equipment of national and local meteorological stations and small rainfall measuring devices of field observation stations such as various scientific research institutions and universities. Based on the problems, the invention provides a complete set of method for measuring rainfall by applying the device on the premise of designing a portable rainfall measurement device aiming at a grassland ecosystem positioning observation station, so as to accurately obtain the rainfall in a research area, solve the problem of troubles faced by science and technology workers and better develop ecological protection scientific research.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for measuring rainfall by a portable device for a grassland ecological positioning observation point, which aims to solve the problems that the meteorological observation points proposed in the background technology are limited, cannot meet more detailed regional research, and the cost for setting a regional ecological positioning monitoring meteorological site is high, and cannot be implemented in a large area.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for measuring rainfall capacity by a portable device at a grassland ecological positioning observation point comprises the installation of the device, the construction of the portable rainfall capacity measuring device and a rainfall data acquisition process. The mounting device comprises a main body rod and a circular tray, one section of the main body rod is embedded into soil by 30cm, one end of the main body rod is connected with the tray through a screw, and the tray is used for connecting a portable device; the portable device comprises a rainfall collector, an evaporation prevention device, a rainfall storage device, an exhaust hose, a filter screen, a cylinder shell and a base, wherein 4 screws are arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the base, the upper surface of the base is connected with the bottom of the cylinder shell through nuts, the rainfall collector, the evaporation prevention device and the rainfall storage device are arranged in the cylinder shell, the exhaust hose is connected with an exhaust hole of the rainfall storage device, the other end of the hose is hung at the middle upper end of the cylinder shell, the filter screen is arranged in the middle of a sphere of the evaporation prevention device, and the filter screen is arranged in the middle of the rainfall collector; rainfall data acquisition: and (4) emptying the rain collector according to monitoring requirements after the rainfall in the weighing collector is weighed in ten days or months, and calculating.
Preferably, the length of the installation main body rod is 180cm, one section of the installation main body rod is buried in the ground to be 30cm deep, and the other end of the installation main body rod is connected with the tray.
Preferably, the circular tray is connected with the top end of the screw installation main body rod.
Preferably, a portable rainfall measuring device is arranged at the upper end of the circular tray.
Preferably, the base is a square structure, and four corners of the base contain 4 rotary screws with adjustable lengths.
Preferably, the diameter of the cylinder shell is smaller than the side length of a square of the base, the cylinder shell is connected with the square base through screws, and the middle-upper section of the cylinder shell comprises a small hook.
Preferably, the diameters of the rainfall collector, the evaporation preventing device and the rainfall storage device are all smaller than the diameter of the cylindrical shell, and the rainfall collector, the evaporation preventing device and the rainfall storage device are arranged in the circular shell.
Preferably, the middle upper part of the rainfall storage device is provided with a convex exhaust nozzle which is connected with an exhaust hose and is used for balancing the internal pressure and the external pressure of the device.
Preferably, the evaporation preventing device consists of two buffering balls, and filter membranes are embedded at the joints of the two buffering balls.
Preferably, the middle part of the rainfall collector comprises a layer of aperture filter screen.
Preferably, one end of the exhaust hose is connected with a convex exhaust nozzle arranged at the middle upper part of the rainfall storage device, and the other end of the exhaust hose is connected with a small hook at the middle upper section of the cylinder shell.
Preferably, the rainfall collector, the evaporation-preventing device and the rainfall reservoir interface are all 19/26 models.
Preferably, the rainfall of the rainfall storage device is weighed and emptied according to the time period required by the ecological positioning test, and the rainfall is calculated.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the beneficial effects that: the method for measuring rainfall capacity of the portable device at the grassland ecological positioning observation point is complete in technical scheme and simple to operate, the portable device is low in cost and small in grassland damage area, power supply equipment is not needed, installation and measurement are simple and easy to operate, meanwhile, the problem that rainfall capacity data of the ecological positioning observation point in a small area cannot be obtained due to the fact that a meteorological station is far away is effectively solved, and the portable device is wide in application prospect in grassland ecological positioning observation points which are underdeveloped in economy and poor in natural environment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of the structure of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a front view of the device of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a rotary screw; 2. a base; 3. a nut; 4. a cylindrical housing; 5. a rainfall storage; 7. an anti-evaporation device; 8. an exhaust hose; 9. filtering the membrane; 10. a rainfall collector; 11. a filter screen; 12. a connecting screw; 13. a circular tray; 14. the main body rod is installed.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: a method for measuring rainfall capacity by a portable device at a grassland ecological positioning observation point comprises a circular tray 13, a connecting screw 12, a mounting main body rod 14, a rainfall capacity collector 10, an evaporation-proof device 7, a rainfall capacity storage device 5, an exhaust hose 8, a filter screen 11, a filter membrane 9, a cylindrical shell 4 and a base 2, wherein the mounting main body rod 14 is 180cm long, one section of the mounting main body rod is buried in the ground to be 30cm deep, and the other end of the mounting main body rod is connected with the tray; a round tray 13 is connected with the top end of a main body rod 14 mounted by a screw 12, and a portable rainfall measurement device is placed at the upper end of the round tray 13; the upper surface and the lower surface of the base are provided with screws 1, the upper surface of the base is connected with the bottom of the cylinder shell through nuts 3, an exhaust hose is connected with an exhaust hole of a rainfall storage device, the other end of the hose 8 is hung at the upper end in the cylinder shell, a filter membrane is arranged in the middle of the sphere of the evaporation-proof device, and the middle part of the rainfall collector comprises a filter screen; the base 2 is of a square structure, and four corners of the base comprise 4 rotary screws with adjustable lengths; the diameter of the cylindrical shell 4 is smaller than the side length of the square of the base, the cylindrical shell is connected with the square base through a screw, and the middle-upper section of the cylindrical shell is provided with a small hook; the diameters of the rainfall collector 10, the evaporation-proof device 7 and the rainfall container 5 are all smaller than the diameter of the cylindrical shell 4 and are arranged in the circular shell; the middle upper part of the rainfall storage device 5 is provided with a convex exhaust nozzle which is connected with an exhaust hose 8 and is used for balancing the internal pressure and the external pressure of the device; the evaporation-proof device 7 consists of two buffer balls, and filter membranes 9 are embedded at the joints of the two buffer balls; the middle part of the rainfall collector 10 comprises a layer of aperture filter screen 11; one end of the exhaust hose 8 is connected with a convex exhaust nozzle at the middle upper part of the rainfall storage device 5, and the other end is connected with a small hook at the middle upper section of the cylinder shell 4; the interfaces of the rainfall collector 10, the evaporation-proof device 7 and the rainfall storage device 5 are all 19/26 models; and weighing and emptying rainfall in the rainfall storage according to the time period required by the ecological positioning test, and calculating the rainfall.
Example two
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: a method for measuring rainfall capacity by a portable device of a grassland ecological positioning observation point comprises the steps of installing a main body rod 14, and setting the length of a section of the main body rod embedded into the ground according to the actual situation; in order to determine the diameter of the collecting surface of the rainfall collector, a manual rainfall simulation test of rainfall collecting surfaces with different diameters (4cm, 6cm, 8cm, 10cm, 12cm and 15cm) is designed, the rainfall simulation time is 5min, the rainfall collecting effect is calculated, and the optimal diameter of the rainfall collecting surface is determined. As a result of the test, it was found that the devices having the rain collecting surfaces of 4cm, 6cm, 8cm, 10cm, 12cm and 15cm in diameter received 14.11, 28.00, 40.10, 58.33, 72.15 and 90.20g of rainfall in this order. The rain collecting amount of different devices is 3.5283, 4.6667, 5.0124, 5.8326, 6.0128 and 6.0132g cm < -1 > in terms of unit cm diameter, namely after the diameter of the rain collecting surface is more than 10cm, the rain collecting amount of the unit diameter tends to be about 6.0g cm < -1 > steadily. In order to determine the efficacy of the evaporation prevention balls, 3 temperature gradients (30 ℃, 40 ℃ and 50 ℃) are designed, three devices (no evaporation prevention balls (CK), one evaporation prevention ball (CK +1ZF) and two evaporation prevention balls (CK +2ZF)) are designed, a constant temperature test is carried out in an oven by taking the non-evaporation prevention balls as a reference, the temperatures are set to be 30 ℃, 40 ℃ and 50 ℃, the test time is 24 hours, and evaporation conditions under different temperatures and different devices are determined. As a result, it was found that the evaporation rates of CK, CK +1ZF and CK +2ZF were between 0.10 and 0.20% at 30 ℃; at 40 ℃, the evaporation rates of CK +1ZF and CK +2ZF are 0.21% and 0.18%, and the evaporation rate of CK is 3.04%, i.e., the evaporation rate of CK devices is significantly higher than that of CK +1ZF and CK +2ZF devices; at 50 ℃, the evaporation rates of CK +1ZF and CK +2ZF are 3.15% and 0.23%, the evaporation rate of CK is 5.16%, namely the evaporation rate of the CK device is obviously higher than that of CK +1ZF, and CK +1ZF is obviously higher than that of the CK +2 ZF. In order to measure the rain collecting efficiency of the portable device, a manual rainfall simulation test was used, and the rainfall was set to 3mm, 2mm and 7mm, and the rainfall was collected with the portable rainfall measuring device of fig. 2. The results are shown in table 1, the weight of 3 collected rainfall is 67.40, 45.04 and 152.42g, the rainfall should be collected for three times according to the area of the rainfall collecting surface, 92.44g is collected, the actual collected weight is 88.28g, the collection efficiency is 95.50%, and the portable device has good rainfall collecting effect and can be used for measuring the rainfall.
Claims (13)
1. A method for measuring rainfall capacity by a portable device at a grassland ecological positioning observation point comprises a mounting main body rod (14), a circular tray (13) and a connecting screw (12) of the device; the method is characterized in that: the portable device comprises a rainfall collector (10), an evaporation-proof device (7), a rainfall storage device (5), an exhaust hose (8), a filter screen (11), a filter membrane (9), a cylinder shell (4) and a base (2), wherein screws (1) are arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the base (2), the upper surface of the base (2) is connected with the bottom of the cylinder shell (4) through nuts (3), the exhaust hose is connected with exhaust holes of the rainfall storage device (5), the other end of the hose (8) is hung at the middle upper end of the cylinder shell (4), the filter membrane (9) is placed in the middle of a sphere of the evaporation-proof device (7), and the middle of the rainfall collector (10) comprises the filter screen (11); the rainfall data acquisition comprises weighing and emptying the rainfall in the rainfall container (5).
2. The method for measuring rainfall capacity of the portable grass land ecological localization observation point device according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the length of the main body mounting rod (14) is 180cm, one section of the main body mounting rod is buried in the ground and is 30cm deep, and the other end of the main body mounting rod is connected with the tray.
3. The method for measuring rainfall capacity of the portable grass land ecological localization observation point device according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the round tray (13) is connected with the top end of the screw (12) installation main body rod (14).
4. The method for measuring rainfall capacity of the portable grass land ecological localization observation point device according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the upper end of the round tray (13) is provided with a portable rainfall capacity measuring device.
5. The method for measuring rainfall capacity of the portable grass land ecological localization observation point device according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the base (2) is of a square structure, and four corners of the base (2) comprise 4 rotary screws with adjustable lengths, and the rotary screws are connected with the circular tray (13).
6. The method for measuring rainfall capacity of the portable grass land ecological localization observation point device according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the diameter of the cylinder shell (4) is smaller than the side length of the square of the base (2), the cylinder shell is connected with the square base through screws, and the middle-upper section of the cylinder shell is provided with a small hook.
7. The method for measuring rainfall capacity of the portable grass land ecological localization observation point device according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the diameters of the rainfall collector (10), the evaporation-proof device (7) and the rainfall container (5) are all smaller than the diameter of the cylinder shell (4), and the rainfall collector, the evaporation-proof device and the rainfall container are arranged in the cylinder shell (4).
8. The method for measuring rainfall capacity of the portable grass land ecological localization observation point device according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the middle upper part of the rainfall storage device (5) is provided with a convex exhaust nozzle which is connected with an exhaust hose (8) and is used for balancing the internal pressure and the external pressure of the device.
9. The method for measuring rainfall capacity of the portable grass land ecological localization observation point device according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the evaporation-proof device (7) is composed of two buffer balls, and a filter membrane (9) is embedded at the joint of the two buffer balls.
10. The method for measuring rainfall capacity of the portable grass land ecological localization observation point device according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the middle part of the rainfall collector (10) comprises a layer of aperture filter screen (11).
11. The method for measuring rainfall capacity of the portable grass land ecological localization observation point device according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: one end of the exhaust hose (8) is connected with a projecting exhaust nozzle at the middle upper part of the rainfall storage device (5), and the other end is connected with a small hook at the middle upper section of the cylinder shell (4).
12. The method for measuring rainfall capacity of the portable grass land ecological localization observation point device according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the interfaces of the rainfall collector (10), the evaporation-proof device (7) and the rainfall storage device (5) are all 19/26 types.
13. The method for measuring rainfall capacity of the portable grass land ecological localization observation point device according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and weighing and emptying rainfall in the rainfall container (5) according to the time period required by the ecological positioning test, and calculating the rainfall.
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