CN114114322A - Atmospheric sounding laser radar system suitable for space application - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides an atmosphere detection laser radar system suitable for space application, which comprises an atmosphere laser, a laser controller, a laser pointing centering mechanism, a laser pointing control unit, a receiving telescope, an atmosphere detection relay system, an atmosphere detection management controller and a platform, and provides three working modes: measurement mode, self-test mode, and polarization calibration mode. The invention outputs high-energy, narrow-pulse-width and long-life dual-wavelength laser pulse, realizes coaxial matching with the optical axis of a receiving telescope, achieves the matching precision of micro radian magnitude, completes the polarization detection and dual-wavelength detection of weak echo signals, and realizes the high-precision measurement of atmospheric target extinction coefficient and backscattering coefficient.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of measurement and testing, in particular to an atmospheric sounding laser radar system suitable for space application.
Background
The large-scale, continuous and quantitative monitoring of the spatial distribution of the atmospheric particulates is a precondition for understanding the composition, transportation and formation mechanism of the atmospheric particulates and forecasting and early warning the atmospheric pollution, and is also a basis for pertinently providing the treatment measures of the atmospheric particulates. At present, an atmospheric environment monitoring system in China has the defects of insufficient area coverage, incapability of realizing all-time and three-dimensional observation and the like, is suitable for an atmospheric detection laser radar system applied to space, and can effectively solve the relevant problems that the atmospheric environment monitoring in China is in urgent need of solving.
The atmospheric detection laser radar system suitable for space application uses laser as a light source, and particulate physical parameters are inverted through scattering echo signals generated by interaction of remote sensing laser and substances such as particulate matters and molecules in the atmosphere, so that the problems of coverage of ground station arrangement monitoring and incapability of detecting and acquiring vertical distribution of the particulate matters all the day by using the existing satellite remote sensing load are solved, and the necessary vertical distribution information of the particulate matter optical parameters for inverting the mass concentration of the particulate matters is obtained.
In the nineties of the last century, the first space Lidar Technology experimenter (LITE) was developed In the United states and was carried on "discovery number" space shuttle. The observation objects are cloud, aerosol, planet boundary layer characteristics, stratosphere density and temperature, the laser energy is 50mJ, the aperture of the receiving telescope is 1m, the photoelectric conversion devices are a PMT detector and an APD detector, and the service life is 10 days. In 2006, the U.S. transmitted a CALIPO satellite carrying a CALIPO lidar with dual wavelengths of 1064nm and 532nm, the CALIPO lidar had polarization detection capability at 532nm, and mainly observed cloud and aerosol vertical distribution, cloud ice/water state (through polarization channels) and aerosol size classification, the laser energy was 110mJ, the receiving telescope aperture was 1m, the photoelectric conversion devices were PMT detector and APD detector, and the service life was 3 years.
At present, the domestic space atmosphere detection remote sensing field has not realized a breakthrough, and the units such as the optical machine institute of Onhua of the Chinese academy of China, the optical machine institute of Shanghai of the Chinese academy of China and the like have developed the development of the laser radar for detecting the ground atmosphere, wherein the optical machine institute of Onhua of the Chinese academy of China has successfully developed the laser radar for detecting the ground atmosphere, and the dual-wavelength polarization detection laser radar developed and completed by the optical machine institute of Onhua of China adopts the dual-wavelength of 1064nm and 532nm, and has the polarization detection capability.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of insufficient area coverage, incapability of realizing all-time and three-dimensional observation and the like of an atmospheric environment monitoring system in China, and provides an atmospheric detection laser radar system suitable for space application. Meanwhile, the vertical distribution of high-altitude cirrus clouds can be obtained, and the inversion precision of weather state detection thresholds such as cloud detection, cloud classification, cloud phase state, aerosol detection and classification is improved, so that the accuracy of weather forecast is improved, and the development of the space atmosphere laser remote sensing load technology in China is forcefully promoted.
The invention provides an atmosphere detection laser radar system suitable for space application, which comprises an atmosphere laser, a laser controller electrically connected with the atmosphere laser, a laser pointing centering mechanism arranged at the laser output end of the atmosphere laser, a laser pointing control unit electrically connected with the laser pointing centering mechanism, a receiving telescope arranged at one side of the atmosphere laser, an atmosphere detection relay system arranged at the output end of the receiving telescope, and an atmosphere detection management controller electrically connected with the laser controller, the laser pointing control unit and the atmosphere detection relay system;
the atmospheric detection relay system is used for carrying out color separation, polarization beam splitting and narrow-band filtering on echo signals, carrying out photoelectric conversion on the echo signals to generate electric signals and outputting the electric signals to the atmospheric detection management controller, the atmosphere detection management controller is used for controlling the working time sequence of the laser controller, the laser pointing control unit and the atmosphere detection relay system to enter a measurement mode, a self-inspection mode and a polarization calibration mode;
the atmosphere detection relay system comprises an atmosphere detection relay unit, a blocking sheet, an anti-polarization sheet and a self-detection light source which are sequentially arranged on an output light path of the receiving telescope, wherein the atmosphere detection relay unit is used for carrying out color separation, polarization light splitting and narrow-band filtering on echo signals, the blocking sheet and the anti-polarization sheet are movable, the blocking sheet, the anti-polarization sheet and the self-detection light source are used for assisting in realizing a self-detection mode and a polarization calibration mode, the blocking sheet is used for blocking the echo signals and background noise, and the anti-polarization sheet is used for converting the echo signals from polarized light to unpolarized light.
The atmosphere detection laser radar system suitable for space application further comprises a platform electrically connected with the atmosphere detection management controller and the laser controller, wherein the platform is used for receiving an electric signal transmitted by the atmosphere detection management controller and supplying power to the laser controller and the atmosphere detection management controller;
the atmosphere laser is used for outputting dual-wavelength laser to atmosphere;
the atmospheric detection relay system also comprises a parallel polarization detection channel, a vertical polarization detection channel and a 1065nm wavelength detection channel which are respectively arranged on an output light path of the atmospheric detection relay unit, and the atmospheric detection relay system is powered by the atmospheric detection management controller.
The invention relates to an atmosphere detection laser radar system suitable for space application, which is an optimal mode, and the working method of a measurement mode comprises the following steps: an atmospheric laser outputs laser pulses, the laser pulses enter the atmosphere after being adjusted by a laser pointing centering mechanism, echo signals backscattered by the atmosphere are received and transmitted to an atmospheric detection relay unit by a receiving telescope, a baffle plate and a depolarizing plate are arranged outside an output light path of the receiving telescope, the echo signals are subjected to color separation in the atmospheric detection relay unit and generate echo signals with 532nm wavelength and echo signals with 1065nm wavelength, the atmospheric detection relay unit performs polarization light splitting on the echo signals with 532nm wavelength to generate parallel polarization echo signals and vertical polarization echo signals, parallel polarization detection channels receive the parallel polarization echo signals and perform photoelectric conversion to generate electric signals and then sequentially output the electric signals to an atmospheric detection management controller and a platform, vertical polarization detection channels receive the vertical polarization echo signals and perform photoelectric conversion to generate the electric signals and then sequentially output the electric signals to the atmospheric detection management controller and the platform, and the 1065nm wavelength detector channel receives the 1065nm wavelength echo signal, performs photoelectric conversion to generate an electric signal, and then sequentially outputs the electric signal to the atmospheric detection management controller and the platform.
The invention relates to an atmosphere detection laser radar system suitable for space application, which is an optimal mode, and the working method of a self-checking mode comprises the following steps: the atmospheric laser is in a shutdown state, the blocking sheet is arranged on an output light path of the receiving telescope, the depolarization sheet is arranged outside the output light path of the receiving telescope, the self-checking light source outputs a 532nm pulse light source and a 1065nm pulse light source, optical fibers are led into the parallel polarization detection channel, the vertical polarization detection channel and the 1065nm wavelength detector channel to perform photoelectric conversion to generate electric signals, and the electric signals are sequentially output to the atmospheric detection management controller and the platform.
The invention relates to an atmosphere detection laser radar system suitable for space application, which is a preferred mode, and a working method of a polarization calibration mode comprises the following steps: an atmosphere laser outputs laser pulses to atmosphere, the laser pulses enter the atmosphere through a laser pointing centering mechanism, echo signals backscattered by the atmosphere are received and transmitted to an atmosphere detection relay system by a receiving telescope, a baffle plate and a depolarizing plate are arranged on an output optical path of the receiving telescope, the echo signals are subjected to color separation in an atmosphere detection relay unit to generate echo signals with 532nm wavelength and echo signals with 1065nm wavelength, the atmosphere detection relay unit performs polarization light splitting on the echo signals with 532nm wavelength to generate parallel polarization echo signals and vertical polarization echo signals, a parallel polarization detection channel receives the parallel polarization echo signals and performs photoelectric conversion to generate electric signals which are sequentially transmitted to an atmosphere detection management controller and a platform, a vertical polarization detection channel receives the vertical polarization echo signals and performs photoelectric conversion to generate electric signals which are sequentially output to the atmosphere detection management controller and the platform, a 1065nm wavelength detector channel receives a 1065nm wavelength echo signal, performs photoelectric conversion to generate an electric signal, and sequentially outputs the electric signal to an atmospheric detection management controller and a platform;
the calculation method of the polarization constant is the ratio of the output light signal of the parallel polarization detection channel to the output light signal of the vertical polarization detection channel.
The invention relates to an atmosphere detection laser radar system suitable for space application, wherein as an optimal mode, an atmosphere detection relay unit comprises an F-P etalon and a narrow-band optical filter;
the separation blade switches the positions inside and outside the optical path through a direct drive motor;
the depolarization piece is a multilayer optical wedge-shaped depolarization device, and the depolarization piece switches the positions inside and outside the optical path through a direct drive motor;
the self-checking light source comprises a 532nm wavelength LED, a 1064nm wavelength LED and optical fibers connected with the output ends of the 532nm wavelength LED and the 1064nm wavelength LED; light sources generated by the 532nm wavelength LED and the 1064nm wavelength LED are directly coupled to carry out optical fiber and are transmitted to the parallel polarization detection channel, the vertical polarization detection channel and the 1065nm wavelength detection channel, and the atmospheric detection management controller controls the light emitting time and the light emitting time of the 532nm wavelength LED and the 1064nm wavelength LED and is matched with the signal acquisition time and the signal acquisition duration of the atmospheric detection relay unit;
the parallel polarization detection channel, the vertical polarization detection channel and the 1065nm wavelength detection channel all contain PMT detectors and APD detectors.
The invention relates to an atmosphere detection laser radar system suitable for space application, wherein as an optimal mode, an atmosphere laser comprises a main oscillator, an amplifier, a frequency doubling device and a Q-switching device;
the atmosphere laser uses a main oscillator and amplifier technology and a frequency multiplication technology, an active Q-switched oscillator technology, an electro-optical effect induced polarization transmittance control technology and a multi-dimensional multi-level clean control protection technology;
the atmospheric laser uses a metal heat sink and liquid cooling heat dissipation to control temperature.
The invention relates to an atmosphere detection laser radar system suitable for space application, which is characterized in that as an optimal mode, a laser controller is used for providing constant current pulses and trigger pulses for an atmosphere laser, and the laser controller is used for collecting temperature, air pressure and laser energy parameters of the atmosphere laser and reporting the parameters to an atmosphere detection management controller.
The invention relates to an atmosphere detection laser radar system suitable for space application, which is characterized in that as a preferred mode, a laser pointing centering mechanism comprises a rotating mechanism and a plane reflecting mirror, wherein a two-point structure of the plane reflecting mirror is fixed on the rotating mechanism, the rotating mechanism is two-dimensional orthogonal, and the rotating mechanism comprises a stepping motor and a harmonic reducer;
the laser pointing control unit is used for controlling the pointing of the rotating mechanism and collecting and uploading the rotating angle information of the rotating mechanism to the atmosphere detection management controller.
The invention relates to an atmosphere detection laser radar system suitable for space application, wherein as a preferred mode, a receiving telescope is an off-axis two-mirror Cassegrain telescope. The technical problems solved by the invention are as follows: the system has the characteristics of high spatial resolution and high detection precision, and can realize large-scale, continuous and quantitative monitoring of the spatial distribution of atmospheric particulate matters, monitor the daily settlement and three-dimensional spatial variation trend of regional pollutants and obtain the change of the total amount of regional pollution by utilizing the advantage of wide coverage range of a spatial platform, thereby creating favorable conditions for positioning pollution sources and realizing early warning and prediction of atmospheric particulate matter pollution. Meanwhile, the vertical distribution of high-altitude cirrus clouds can be obtained, and the inversion precision of weather state detection thresholds such as cloud detection, cloud classification, cloud phase state, aerosol detection and classification is improved, so that the accuracy of weather forecast is improved, and the development of the space atmosphere laser remote sensing load technology in China is forcefully promoted.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an atmospheric sounding lidar system adapted for space applications, comprising: the high-precision detection device consists of an atmospheric laser, a laser controller, a laser pointing centering mechanism, a laser pointing control unit, an atmospheric detection relay unit, an atmospheric detection management controller and a receiving telescope, and realizes the high-precision detection of aerosol, particles, cloud layers and atmospheric molecules in large-scale atmosphere by utilizing high-energy laser pulse and high-sensitivity detection. The atmosphere detection laser radar system suitable for space application has three working modes, including a measurement mode, a self-inspection mode and a polarization calibration mode. The working mode of the system is selected by the platform, and the working sequence of the system is controlled by the atmosphere detection management controller.
The system works in a measurement mode, an atmospheric laser outputs laser pulses, the laser pulses enter atmosphere through a laser pointing centering mechanism, atmospheric backscatter echo signals are received and transmitted to an atmospheric detection relay unit by a receiving telescope, a baffle plate and a depolarizing plate in the atmospheric detection relay unit are positioned outside an optical path, the echo signals are subjected to color separation in the atmospheric detection relay unit to generate 532nm wavelength echo signals and 1064nm wavelength echo signals, the atmospheric detection relay unit performs polarization light splitting on the 532nm wavelength echo signals to generate parallel polarization echo signals and vertical polarization echo signals, the three echo signals are respectively subjected to parallel polarization detection channels, and the vertical polarization detection channel and the 1064nm wavelength detector channel receive the signals to complete photoelectric conversion, and the atmospheric detection relay unit transmits the electric signals to the atmospheric detection management controller and then to the platform.
The system works in a self-checking mode, the atmospheric laser does not work, a baffle sheet inside the atmospheric detection relay unit is positioned in a light path, a depolarizing sheet is positioned outside the light path, the self-checking light source outputs a 532nm pulse light source and a 1064nm pulse light source, a parallel polarization detection channel, a vertical polarization detection channel and a 1064nm wavelength detector channel are led in by optical fibers to complete photoelectric conversion, and the atmospheric detection relay unit transmits an electric signal to the atmospheric detection management controller and then transmits the electric signal to the platform.
The system works in a polarization calibration mode, an atmospheric laser outputs laser pulses, the laser pulses enter the atmosphere through a laser pointing centering mechanism, atmospheric backscatter echo signals are received and transmitted to an atmospheric detection relay unit by a receiving telescope, a baffle plate and a depolarizing plate in the atmospheric detection relay unit are positioned in a light path, the echo signals are subjected to color separation in the atmospheric detection relay unit to generate 532nm wavelength echo signals and 1064nm wavelength echo signals, the atmospheric detection relay unit performs polarization light splitting on the 532nm wavelength echo signals to generate parallel polarization echo signals and vertical polarization echo signals, the three echo signals are respectively subjected to parallel polarization detection channels, the vertical polarization detection channel and the 1064nm wavelength detector channel receive to complete photoelectric conversion, and the atmospheric detection relay unit transmits the electric signal to the atmospheric detection management controller and then to the platform; and obtaining the polarization constant through the ratio of the amplitudes of the electric signals output by the parallel polarization detection channel and the vertical polarization detection channel.
The atmospheric laser is a dual-wavelength high-energy narrow-pulse-width long-life solid laser, and is powered and controlled by a laser controller. The large-energy dual-wavelength laser output is realized by adopting a main oscillator and amplifier technology and a frequency doubling technology; the narrow pulse width laser output is realized by adopting an active Q-switching oscillator technology; the electro-optic effect induced polarization transmittance control technology is adopted to realize laser output with high linear polarization characteristic; the method adopts a multi-dimensional and multi-level clean control protection technology to realize the air tightness of the laser, control an organic pollution source in the laser, isolate an external pollution source of the laser, ensure the stability of the working environment in the laser and realize long-life laser output; the dual-wavelength laser beam expanding and the laser divergence angle compressing are realized by adopting an off-axis two-mirror Cassegrain telescope; and the temperature control of the high-power laser is realized by adopting a metal heat sink and a liquid cooling heat dissipation mode.
The laser controller provides constant current pulse and trigger pulse for the atmospheric laser; collecting telemetering parameters such as temperature, air pressure and laser energy parameters of an atmospheric laser and reporting the telemetering parameters to an atmospheric detection management controller; the air detection management controller is used for controlling the air detection management controller and the platform is used for supplying power.
The atmospheric laser pointing centering mechanism consists of a two-dimensional orthogonal rotating mechanism and a plane reflector and is controlled by a laser pointing control unit; the two-dimensional orthogonal rotating mechanism adopts a stepping motor and a harmonic reducer to realize high-precision angle adjustment, and the adjustment precision is in a micro-arc magnitude; the parallel reflector is fixed on a two-dimensional orthogonal rotating mechanism by adopting a two-point structure, and the change of the angle of the plane reflector realizes the change of the direction of the emergent laser.
The laser pointing control unit is powered and controlled by the atmosphere detection management controller; and controlling the laser to point to the two-dimensional orthogonal rotating mechanism of the centering mechanism, and collecting and uploading the rotation angle information of the two-dimensional orthogonal rotating mechanism to the detection management controller.
The atmospheric detection relay unit consists of a blocking sheet, an anti-polarization sheet, a self-detection light source, a parallel polarization detection channel, a vertical polarization detection channel and a 1064nm wavelength detection channel; the echo signals are separated into parallel polarization echo signals, vertical polarization echo signals and 1064nm wavelength echo signals by adopting the technologies of color separation, polarization beam splitting, narrow-band filtering and the like, and the three signals are respectively received by a parallel polarization detection channel, a vertical polarization detection channel and a 1064nm wavelength detector channel; the narrow-band filtering technology combining the F-P etalon and the narrow-band filter is adopted to inhibit background noise and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the system; the photoelectric conversion of echo signals is realized by adopting a PMT detector and an APD detector with high sensitivity and large dynamic range, a preamplification technology and a high-precision analog-to-digital conversion technology, and electric signals are transmitted to a detection management controller; and the power supply and the control are carried out by an atmosphere detection management controller.
The blocking piece is used for blocking echo signals and background noise; the position switching of the separation blade in the optical path and outside the optical path is realized through a direct drive motor.
The depolarization piece converts the echo signal from polarized light into unpolarized light; adopting a multilayer optical wedge depolarizer; the position switching of the depolarization piece in the optical path and outside the optical path is realized through a direct drive motor.
The self-checking light source consists of an LED with 532nm wavelength, an LED with 1064nm wavelength and an optical fiber; the light source generated by the LED is directly coupled to carry out optical fiber and is transmitted to three detection channels of the atmospheric detection relay unit through the optical fiber; and the atmosphere detection management controller controls the LED light-emitting time and the LED light-emitting time to be matched with the signal acquisition time and the signal acquisition duration of the atmosphere detection relay unit.
The working time sequence of the atmosphere detection management controller control system; supplying power to the laser pointing control unit and the atmospheric detection relay unit; controlling the laser controller, the laser pointing control unit and the atmospheric detection relay unit to work; collecting the working state of the system and reporting to the platform; collecting an electric signal converted from an echo signal, and transmitting the electric signal to a platform; powered and controlled by the platform.
The invention has the following advantages:
(1) the invention adopts dual-wavelength high-energy laser as a light source, and scattered echo signals generated by interaction of the laser and substances such as particles, molecules and the like in the atmosphere realize the combination of color separation detection and polarization detection on the echo signals, thereby realizing large-scale, high-precision and high-spatial-resolution satellite remote sensing detection on the global atmosphere, and solving the problem of coverage of an atmospheric detection area and the problem that the conventional satellite remote sensing load cannot detect and obtain the vertical distribution of the particles all the day.
(2) The invention adopts a high-energy, narrow-pulse-width and long-service-life laser, a high-sensitivity and large-dynamic-range detection technology and a high-precision transmitting-receiving optical axis matching technology, can finish high-precision detection of aerosol, particles, cloud layers and atmospheric molecules in large-size atmosphere, is suitable for a space satellite platform, improves the large-range, continuous and quantitative monitoring of the spatial distribution of atmospheric particles in China, and is developed for the first time in China.
(3) The atmospheric laser adopts a main oscillator and amplifier technology, a frequency multiplication technology and an active Q-switching oscillator technology, adopts an electro-optical effect induced polarization transmittance control technology, adopts a multi-dimensional multi-level clean control protection technology, and realizes laser output with high energy, narrow pulse width, long service life and high linear polarization characteristic. The temperature control of the high-power laser is realized by adopting a metal heat sink and liquid cooling heat dissipation mode, and the stability of the laser is ensured.
(4) According to the invention, the laser pointing centering mechanism adopts a stepping motor and a harmonic reducer to realize high-precision laser emergent angle adjustment, the plane reflector adopts a two-point structure to be fixed on the rotating mechanism, and the adjustment precision reaches the micro-radian order;
(5) the atmospheric detection relay unit adopts a narrow-band filtering technology combining an F-P etalon and a narrow-band filter, so that background noise is suppressed, and the signal-to-noise ratio of a system is improved; the weak signal is detected by adopting a PMT detector and an APD detector with high sensitivity and large dynamic range, a preamplification technology and a high-precision analog-to-digital conversion technology.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of the overall components of an atmospheric sounding lidar system suitable for space applications;
FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional model of an atmosphere detection lidar system suitable for space applications.
Reference numerals:
1. an atmospheric laser; 2. a laser controller; 3. the laser points to the centering mechanism; 4. a laser pointing control unit; 5. a receiving telescope; 6. an atmospheric sounding relay system; 61. an atmosphere detection relay unit; 62. a baffle plate; 63. a depolarization piece; 64. a self-checking light source; 65. a parallel polarization detection channel; 66. a vertical polarization detection channel; 67. detecting a channel with a wavelength of 1065 nm; 7. an atmospheric sounding management controller; 8. a platform.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-2, an atmospheric sounding laser radar system suitable for space application includes an atmospheric laser 1, a laser controller 2 electrically connected to the atmospheric laser 1, a laser pointing centering mechanism 3 disposed at a laser output end of the atmospheric laser 1, a laser pointing control unit 4 electrically connected to the laser pointing centering mechanism 3, a receiving telescope 5 disposed at one side of the atmospheric laser 1, an atmospheric sounding relay system 6 disposed at an output end of the receiving telescope 5, an atmospheric sounding management controller 7 electrically connected to the laser controller 2, the laser pointing control unit 4, and the atmospheric sounding relay system 6, and a platform 8 electrically connected to the atmospheric sounding management controller 7 and the laser controller 2;
the atmospheric detection system comprises an atmospheric laser 1, a laser controller 2, a receiving telescope 5, a laser pointing centering mechanism 3, an atmospheric detection management controller 7, an atmospheric detection relay system 6, an atmospheric detection relay system 7, a laser pointing control unit 4, a narrow-band filtering unit 6, a laser pointing control unit 4, a laser pointing control unit 6, a laser pointing control unit 2, a receiving telescope 5, a receiving telescope 6, a photoelectric conversion unit and a measurement management controller 7, wherein the atmospheric laser 1 is used for outputting laser pulses to atmosphere, the laser pointing control unit 2 is used for supplying power to the atmospheric laser 1 and collecting state information of the atmospheric laser 1 and outputting the state information to the atmospheric detection management controller 7, the laser pointing centering mechanism 3 is used for adjusting the output pointing direction of the laser pulses under the control of the laser pointing control unit 4, the receiving telescope 5 is used for receiving echo signals which are backscattered by atmosphere and transmitting the echo signals to the atmosphere, the echo signals are subjected to the photoelectric conversion to generate electric signals and output to the electric signals to the atmospheric detection management controller 7, and the atmospheric detection management controller 7 is used for controlling the working time sequence of the laser controller 2, the laser pointing control unit 4 and the atmospheric detection relay system 6, A self-checking mode and a polarization calibration mode;
the atmosphere laser 1 is used for outputting dual-wavelength laser to atmosphere; the atmospheric laser 1 comprises a main oscillator, an amplifier, a frequency doubling device and a Q-switching device; the atmosphere laser 1 adopts a main oscillator and amplifier technology and a frequency multiplication technology, an active Q-switched oscillator technology, an electro-optical effect induced polarization transmittance control technology and a multi-dimensional multi-level cleaning control protection technology; the atmospheric laser 1 uses a metal heat sink and liquid cooling heat dissipation to control the temperature;
the laser controller 2 is used for providing constant current pulses and trigger pulses for the atmospheric laser 1, and the laser controller 2 is used for collecting the temperature, air pressure and laser energy parameters of the atmospheric laser 1 and reporting the parameters to the atmospheric detection management controller 7;
the laser pointing centering mechanism 3 comprises a rotating mechanism and a plane reflector, wherein the plane reflector is fixed on the rotating mechanism in a two-point structure, the rotating mechanism is in two-dimensional orthogonality, and the rotating mechanism comprises a stepping motor and a harmonic reducer;
the laser pointing control unit 4 is used for controlling the pointing of the rotating mechanism and acquiring and uploading the rotating angle information of the rotating mechanism to the atmosphere detection management controller 7;
the receiving telescope 5 is an off-axis two-mirror Cassegrain telescope;
the atmosphere detection relay system 6 comprises an atmosphere detection relay unit 61, a blocking sheet 62, a depolarizing sheet 63, a self-checking light source 64, a parallel polarization detection channel 65, a vertical polarization detection channel 66 and a 1065nm wavelength detection channel 67 which are sequentially arranged on an output light path of the receiving telescope 5, the atmosphere detection relay system 6 is powered by the atmosphere detection management controller 7, the atmosphere detection relay unit 61 is used for carrying out color separation, polarization splitting and narrow-band filtering on echo signals, the blocking sheet 62 and the depolarizing sheet 63 are movable, the blocking sheet 62, the depolarizing sheet 63 and the self-checking light source 64 are used for assisting in realizing a self-checking mode and a polarization calibration mode, the blocking sheet 62 is used for blocking echo signals and background noise, and the depolarizing sheet 63 is used for converting the echo signals from polarized light to unpolarized light;
the atmospheric detection relay unit 61 comprises an F-P etalon and a narrow-band filter;
the baffle plate 62 performs position switching between the inside and outside of the optical path through a direct drive motor;
the depolarization piece 63 is a multilayer optical wedge-shaped depolarization device, and the depolarization piece 63 switches the positions inside and outside the optical path through a direct drive motor;
the self-checking light source 64 comprises a 532nm wavelength LED, a 1064nm wavelength LED and optical fibers connected with the output ends of the 532nm wavelength LED and the 1064nm wavelength LED; light sources generated by the 532nm wavelength LED and the 1064nm wavelength LED are directly coupled to carry out optical fiber and are transmitted to the parallel polarization detection channel 65, the vertical polarization detection channel 66 and the 1065nm wavelength detection channel 67, and the atmosphere detection management controller 7 controls the light emitting time and the light emitting time of the 532nm wavelength LED and the 1064nm wavelength LED and is matched with the signal acquisition time and the signal acquisition duration of the atmosphere detection relay unit 61;
the parallel polarization detection channel 65, the vertical polarization detection channel 66 and the 1065nm wavelength detection channel 67 all contain a PMT detector and an APD detector;
the platform 8 is used for receiving the electric signal transmitted by the atmosphere detection management controller 7 and supplying power to the laser controller 2 and the atmosphere detection management controller 7;
the working method of the measurement mode comprises the following steps: the atmospheric laser 1 outputs laser pulses, the laser pulses enter the atmosphere after being adjusted by the laser pointing centering mechanism 3, echo signals of atmospheric backscattering are received and transmitted to the atmospheric detection relay unit 61 by the receiving telescope 5, the baffle plate 62 and the depolarizing plate 63 are arranged outside an output light path of the receiving telescope 5, the echo signals are subjected to color separation in the atmospheric detection relay unit 61 and generate 532nm wavelength echo signals and 1065nm wavelength echo signals, the atmospheric detection relay unit 61 performs polarization light splitting on the 532nm wavelength echo signals and generates parallel polarization echo signals and vertical polarization echo signals, the parallel polarization detection channel 65 receives the parallel polarization echo signals and performs photoelectric conversion to generate electric signals and then sequentially outputs the electric signals to the atmospheric detection management controller 7 and the platform 8, the vertical polarization detection channel 66 receives the vertical polarization echo signals and performs photoelectric conversion to generate electric signals and then sequentially outputs the electric signals to the atmospheric detection management controller 7 and the platform 8, the 1065nm wavelength detector channel 67 receives the 1065nm wavelength echo signal, performs photoelectric conversion to generate an electric signal, and then sequentially outputs the electric signal to the atmospheric detection management controller 7 and the platform 8;
the working method of the self-checking mode comprises the following steps: when the atmospheric laser 1 is in a shutdown state, the blocking sheet 62 is arranged on an output light path of the receiving telescope 5, the depolarizing sheet 63 is arranged outside the output light path of the receiving telescope 5, the self-detection light source 64 outputs 532nm pulse light source and 1065nm pulse light source, and the 532nm pulse light source and the 1065nm pulse light source are led into the parallel polarization detection channel 65, the vertical polarization detection channel 66 and the 1065nm wavelength detector channel 67 by optical fibers to perform photoelectric conversion to generate electric signals, and the electric signals are sequentially output to the atmospheric detection management controller 7 and the platform 8;
the working method of the polarization calibration mode comprises the following steps: an atmospheric laser 1 outputs laser pulses to atmosphere, the laser pulses enter the atmosphere through a laser pointing centering mechanism 3, echo signals of atmosphere back scattering are received by a receiving telescope 5 and transmitted to an atmospheric detection relay system 6, a baffle plate 62 and a depolarizing plate 63 are arranged on an output light path of the receiving telescope 5, the echo signals are subjected to color separation in an atmospheric detection relay unit 61 to generate 532nm wavelength echo signals and 1065nm wavelength echo signals, the atmospheric detection relay unit 61 performs polarization light splitting on the 532nm wavelength echo signals to generate parallel polarization echo signals and vertical polarization echo signals, a parallel polarization detection channel 65 receives the parallel polarization echo signals and performs photoelectric conversion to generate electric signals which are sequentially transmitted to an atmospheric detection management controller 7 and a platform 8, a vertical polarization detection channel 66 receives the vertical polarization echo signals and performs photoelectric conversion to generate electric signals which are sequentially output to the atmospheric detection management controller 7 and the platform 8, the 1065nm wavelength detector channel 67 receives the 1065nm wavelength echo signal and performs photoelectric conversion to generate electric signals, and the electric signals are sequentially output to the atmospheric detection management controller 7 and the platform 8;
the polarization constant is calculated as the ratio of the output light signal of the parallel polarization detection channel 65 to the output light signal of the vertical polarization detection channel 66.
Example 2
An atmosphere detection lidar system suitable for space application is shown in fig. 1, which is a schematic block diagram of an atmosphere detection lidar system suitable for space application according to the present invention, and the schematic block diagram includes: the system comprises an atmospheric laser 1, a laser controller 2, a laser pointing centering mechanism 3, a laser pointing control unit 4, a receiving telescope 5, an atmospheric detection relay system 6 and an atmospheric detection management controller 7.
The atmospheric laser 1 outputs high-energy narrow-pulse-width dual-wavelength laser; the laser controller 2 supplies power to the atmospheric laser and collects the temperature, air pressure and laser energy remote measurement of the atmospheric laser 1; the laser pointing centering mechanism 3 adjusts the laser output direction to realize the high-precision matching of the laser emission optical axis and the receiving telescope optical axis; the laser pointing control unit 4 controls the laser pointing centering mechanism 3 and obtains angle remote measurement; the atmospheric detection relay system 6 performs color separation, polarization beam splitting and narrow-band filtering on the echo signals to complete the conversion from optical signals to electric signals; the blocking sheet 62, the depolarization sheet 63 and the self-detection light source 64 in the atmospheric detection relay system 6 assist in realizing different working modes of the system; the atmosphere detection management controller 7 is used for controlling the working time sequence of the system and the working state of each single machine, collecting the remote measurement of the single machine and uploading an echo electric signal to the platform.
The atmospheric laser 1 in this embodiment adopts a 1:1 cold backup design to improve the reliability of the system, and the optical cavity of the atmospheric laser 1 adopts a main oscillation power amplification technology (MOPA technology) scheme of an active Q-switched oscillator and a primary amplifier: YAG laser is used as laser oscillator, power amplification is carried out on 1064nm pulse laser output by the laser oscillator by MOPA technology, and the amplifier adopts side pumping Nd: YAG lath amplifier, adopt frequency doubling crystal to realize 1064nm laser frequency doubling and output 532nm laser, adopt two anti-beam expanders of off-axis, compress the laser divergence angle 15 times. The laser wavelength output by the atmospheric laser 1 is 532.2nm and 1064.4nm, the laser energy at 532nm wavelength is 120mJ, the laser energy at 1064nm wavelength is 120mJ, the laser pulse width at 532nm wavelength is 25ns, the laser pulse width at 1064nm wavelength is 25ns, the polarization degree of 532nm laser is 100:1, the laser divergence angle is 100urad, and the service life of the atmospheric laser 1 is 8 years.
In this embodiment, the laser controller 2 adopts a 1:1 cold backup, and corresponds to the main backup of the atmospheric laser 1 one by one. The laser controller 2 is composed of a power supply and distribution circuit, a control circuit and an LD power supply circuit, wherein the power supply and distribution circuit converts a 30.5V power supply provided by the platform into a secondary power supply, and the secondary power supply comprises a double-fuse bus short-circuit protection circuit, a remote control switching relay group circuit, an anti-surge current circuit, an EMI circuit, a DC/DC circuit, an LDO circuit, a filter circuit and the like, and provides primary and secondary power supplies for each functional module circuit in the single machine. The control circuit takes a floating-point DSP and an anti-fuse FPGA as cores, is additionally provided with circuits such as a clock, a watchdog, a memory, an interface chip, an optical coupler, an analog switch, an operational amplifier, an A/D (analog/digital) conversion and the like, receives a control instruction of the atmosphere detection management controller, acquires telemetering data and reports the telemetering data to the atmosphere detection management controller. The LD driving circuit provides constant current pulse for the atmospheric laser, and comprises a boosting constant current power supply, an energy storage capacitor, an MOSFET switch, a current stabilization control loop and the like. The laser controller 2 provides 200W output power for the atmospheric laser, the current stability is better than 5 percent, and the current pulse frequency is 20 Hz.
In this embodiment, the laser pointing centering mechanism 3 adopts a 1:1 cold backup, and corresponds to the main backup of the atmospheric laser 1 one by one. The laser pointing centering mechanism 3 adopts a design scheme of driving an embedded processor, a stepping motor and a precision speed reducing mechanism, the stepping motor and a harmonic speed reducer are combined and installed on a base, an eccentric shaft is fixed on an output shaft of the harmonic speed reducer, and a rotary transformer is connected on the eccentric shaft. The lower supporting seat of the base is fixed, the lower supporting seat is connected with the cross shaft through two bearings, and the cross shaft is connected with the upper supporting seat through another two bearings. The mirror bracket is fixed on the upper supporting seat, and the reflector is placed on the mirror bracket. Two ball heads are fixed on the mirror bracket and are correspondingly abutted against the two eccentric idler wheels. The repetition precision of the laser pointing centering mechanism is superior to 2.5urad, the angular resolution is 1urad, and the angular adjustment range is from-1 degrees to +1 degrees.
In this embodiment, the atmospheric detection relay system 5 uses a polarization maintaining reflector to transmit echo signals, the extinction ratio of a single polarization maintaining reflector is better than 1000:1, a dichroic mirror is used to complete the separation of 532nm wavelength echo signals and 1064nm wavelength echo signals, a polarization splitting plate is used to complete the separation of parallel polarization echo signals and vertical polarization echo signals, the extinction ratios of a parallel polarization detection channel 65 and a vertical polarization detection channel 66 are both better than 1000:1, an F-P etalon and a narrow band filter are used to realize 128pm bandwidth narrow band filtering, a high sensitivity APD detector and a PMT detector are used to realize weak signal detection, and the APD detector and the PMT detector can detect minimum optical signals better than 100 pW.
In the embodiment, the atmospheric detection management controller 7 adopts 1:1 cold backup, can realize cross control with other single machines, and consists of a comprehensive power supply module and a control interface module. The comprehensive power supply module comprises a fuse, a relay, an anti-surge circuit, an EMI filter and two DC-DC modules, and is used for realizing the internal power supply of a single machine and providing instruction power for other single machines of an electrical system; the control interface module is composed of configuration circuits such as a watchdog, a 1553B, a PROM, an SDRAM, an MRAM, a crystal oscillator, a 422 interface chip, an LVDS interface chip, an analog switch, an AD acquisition chip and the like.
The receiving telescope 5 in this embodiment adopts a coaxial cassegrain structure, the receiving effective aperture is 1m, the focal length is 8m, and the receiving field of view is 200 urad.
In the embodiment, the receiving telescope 5 is a main bearing structure, and the atmospheric laser 1, the laser pointing centering mechanism 3 and the atmospheric detection relay system 6 are installed on the side and the back of the receiving telescope, as shown in fig. 2. The laser controller 2, the laser pointing control unit 4, and the atmospheric detection management controller 7 may be mounted on a platform 8.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An atmospheric sounding lidar system adapted for space applications, comprising: the atmosphere detection system comprises an atmosphere laser (1), a laser controller (2) electrically connected with the atmosphere laser (1), a laser pointing centering mechanism (3) arranged at the laser output end of the atmosphere laser (1), a laser pointing control unit (4) electrically connected with the laser pointing centering mechanism (3), a receiving telescope (5) arranged at one side of the atmosphere laser (1), an atmosphere detection relay system (6) arranged at the output end of the receiving telescope (5), and an atmosphere detection management controller (7) electrically connected with the laser controller (2), the laser pointing control unit (4) and the atmosphere detection relay system (6);
the atmosphere laser (1) is used for outputting laser pulses to atmosphere, the laser controller (2) is used for supplying power to the atmosphere laser (1) and collecting state information of the atmosphere laser (1) to output the state information to the atmosphere detection management controller (7), the laser pointing centering mechanism (3) is used for adjusting the output pointing direction of the laser pulses under the control of the laser pointing control unit (4), the receiving telescope (5) is used for receiving echo signals which are backscattered by the atmosphere after the laser pulses enter the atmosphere and transmitting the echo signals to the atmosphere detection relay system (6), the atmosphere detection relay system (6) is used for performing photoelectric conversion on the echo signals after color separation, polarization light splitting and narrow-band filtering to generate electric signals and outputting the electric signals to the atmosphere detection management controller (7), and the atmosphere detection management controller (7) is used for performing the laser controller (2), The working time sequence of the laser pointing control unit (4) and the atmospheric detection relay system (6) is controlled to enter a measurement mode, a self-test mode and a polarization calibration mode;
atmosphere detection relay system (6) are including setting gradually atmospheric detection relay unit (61), separation blade (62), depolarization piece (63) and self-checking light source (64) on receiving telescope (5) output light path, atmospheric detection relay unit (61) are used for with echo signal carries out colour separation, polarization beam split and narrow band filtering, separation blade (62) with depolarization piece (63) are portable, separation blade (62), depolarization piece (63) and self-checking light source (64) are used for the supplementary realization the self-checking mode with polarization calibration mode, separation blade (62) are used for sheltering from echo signal and background noise, depolarization piece (63) are used for inciting somebody to action echo signal is polarized light to nonpolarized light by the conversion.
2. An atmosphere detection lidar system adapted for use in space applications according to claim 1, wherein: the laser control system also comprises a platform (8) electrically connected with the atmosphere detection management controller (7) and the laser controller (2), wherein the platform (8) is used for receiving the electric signal transmitted by the atmosphere detection management controller (7) and supplying power to the laser controller (2) and the atmosphere detection management controller (7);
the atmosphere laser (1) is used for outputting dual-wavelength laser to atmosphere;
the atmosphere detection relay system (6) further comprises a parallel polarization detection channel (65), a vertical polarization detection channel (66) and a 1065nm wavelength detection channel (67) which are respectively arranged on an output light path of the atmosphere detection relay unit (61), and the atmosphere detection relay system (6) is powered by the atmosphere detection management controller (7).
3. An atmosphere detection lidar system adapted for use in space applications according to claim 2, wherein: the working method of the measurement mode comprises the following steps: the atmospheric laser (1) outputs the laser pulse, the laser pulse enters the atmosphere after the direction of the laser pulse is adjusted by the laser pointing centering mechanism (3), the echo signal of atmospheric backscattering is received and transmitted to the atmospheric detection relay unit (61) by the receiving telescope (5), the baffle plate (62) and the depolarizing plate (63) are arranged outside the output light path of the receiving telescope (5), the echo signal completes color separation in the atmospheric detection relay unit (61) and generates 532nm wavelength echo signal and 1065nm wavelength echo signal, the atmospheric detection relay unit (61) performs polarization light splitting on the 532nm wavelength echo signal to generate parallel polarization echo signal and vertical polarization echo signal, and the parallel polarization detection channel (65) receives the parallel polarization echo signal, performs photoelectric conversion to generate an electric signal and then sequentially outputs the electric signal to the atmospheric detection management controller (7) and the platform (8) The vertical polarization detection channel (66) receives the vertical polarization echo signal, generates an electric signal through photoelectric conversion, and then sequentially outputs the electric signal to the atmospheric detection management controller (7) and the platform (8), and the 1065nm wavelength detector channel (67) receives the 1065nm wavelength echo signal, generates an electric signal through photoelectric conversion, and then sequentially outputs the electric signal to the atmospheric detection management controller (7) and the platform (8).
4. An atmosphere detection lidar system adapted for use in space applications according to claim 2, wherein: the working method of the self-checking mode comprises the following steps: the atmospheric laser (1) is in a shutdown state, the blocking sheet (62) is arranged on an output light path of the receiving telescope (5), the depolarizing sheet (63) is arranged outside the output light path of the receiving telescope (5), the self-checking light source (64) outputs 532nm pulse light sources and 1065nm pulse light sources, the 532nm pulse light sources and the 1065nm pulse light sources are led into the parallel polarization detection channel (65), the vertical polarization detection channel (66) and the 1065nm wavelength detector channel (67) through optical fibers to perform photoelectric conversion to generate electric signals, and the electric signals are sequentially output to the atmospheric detection management controller (7) and the platform (8).
5. An atmosphere detection lidar system adapted for use in space applications according to claim 2, wherein: the working method of the polarization calibration mode comprises the following steps: the atmospheric laser (1) outputs laser pulses to the atmosphere, the laser pulses enter the atmosphere through the laser pointing centering mechanism (3), echo signals of atmosphere backscattering are received and transmitted to the atmospheric detection relay system (6) through the receiving telescope (5), the baffle plate (62) and the depolarizing plate (63) are arranged on an output optical path of the receiving telescope (5), the echo signals are subjected to color separation in the atmospheric detection relay unit (61) to generate 532nm wavelength echo signals and 1065nm wavelength echo signals, the atmospheric detection relay unit (61) performs polarization light splitting on the 532nm wavelength echo signals to generate parallel polarization echo signals and vertical polarization echo signals, the parallel polarization detection channel (65) receives the parallel polarization echo signals and performs photoelectric conversion to generate electric signals, and the electric signals are sequentially transmitted to the atmospheric detection management controller (7) and the platform (8), the vertical polarization detection channel (66) receives the vertical polarization echo signal and performs photoelectric conversion to generate an electric signal, and the electric signal is sequentially output to the atmospheric detection management controller (7) and the platform (8), and the 1065nm wavelength detector channel (67) receives the 1065nm wavelength echo signal and performs photoelectric conversion to generate an electric signal, and the electric signal is sequentially output to the atmospheric detection management controller (7) and the platform (8);
the calculation method of the polarization constant is the ratio of the output light signal of the parallel polarization detection channel (65) to the output light signal of the perpendicular polarization detection channel (66).
6. An atmosphere detection lidar system adapted for use in space applications according to claim 2, wherein:
the atmosphere detection relay unit (61) comprises an F-P etalon and a narrow-band filter;
the baffle plate (62) performs position switching between the inside and the outside of the optical path through a direct drive motor;
the depolarization piece (63) is a multilayer optical wedge-shaped depolarizer, and the depolarization piece (63) switches the positions inside and outside the optical path through a direct drive motor;
the self-checking light source (64) comprises a 532nm wavelength LED, a 1064nm wavelength LED and optical fibers connected with the output ends of the 532nm wavelength LED and the 1064nm wavelength LED; the 532nm wavelength LED and the 1064nm wavelength LED generate light sources which are directly coupled to carry out optical fiber and transmitted to the parallel polarization detection channel (65), the vertical polarization detection channel (66) and the 1065nm wavelength detection channel (67), and the atmospheric detection management controller (7) controls the light emitting time and the light emitting time of the 532nm wavelength LED and the 1064nm wavelength LED and is matched with the signal acquisition time and the signal acquisition duration of the atmospheric detection relay unit (61);
the parallel polarization detection channel (65), the perpendicular polarization detection channel (66), and the 1065nm wavelength detection channel (67) each contain a PMT detector and an APD detector.
7. An atmosphere detection lidar system adapted for use in space applications according to claim 1, wherein: the atmospheric laser (1) comprises a main oscillator, an amplifier, a frequency doubling device and a Q-switching device;
the atmosphere laser (1) adopts a main oscillator and amplifier technology, a frequency doubling technology, an active Q-switched oscillator technology, an electro-optical effect induced polarization transmittance control technology and a multi-dimensional multi-level clean control protection technology;
the atmospheric laser (1) uses a metal heat sink and liquid cooling heat dissipation to control the temperature.
8. An atmosphere detection lidar system adapted for use in space applications according to claim 1, wherein: the laser controller (2) is used for providing constant current pulses and trigger pulses for the atmospheric laser (1), and the laser controller (2) is used for collecting temperature, air pressure and laser energy parameters of the atmospheric laser (1) and reporting the parameters to the atmospheric detection management controller (7).
9. An atmosphere detection lidar system adapted for use in space applications according to claim 1, wherein: the laser pointing centering mechanism (3) comprises a rotating mechanism and a plane reflector, wherein the plane reflector is fixed on the rotating mechanism in a two-point structure, the rotating mechanism is two-dimensional orthogonal, and the rotating mechanism comprises a stepping motor and a harmonic reducer;
the laser pointing control unit (4) is used for controlling the pointing of the rotating mechanism and collecting the rotating angle information of the rotating mechanism to be uploaded to the atmosphere detection management controller (7).
10. An atmosphere detection lidar system adapted for use in space applications according to claim 9, wherein: the receiving telescope (5) is an off-axis two-mirror Cassegrain telescope.
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