CN114114105B - Magnetic flux density measuring device in high-frequency transformer and high-frequency transformer - Google Patents
Magnetic flux density measuring device in high-frequency transformer and high-frequency transformer Download PDFInfo
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- CN114114105B CN114114105B CN202111407750.7A CN202111407750A CN114114105B CN 114114105 B CN114114105 B CN 114114105B CN 202111407750 A CN202111407750 A CN 202111407750A CN 114114105 B CN114114105 B CN 114114105B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/12—Measuring magnetic properties of articles or specimens of solids or fluids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/40—Structural association with built-in electric component, e.g. fuse
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/40—Structural association with built-in electric component, e.g. fuse
- H01F27/402—Association of measuring or protective means
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of transformers, and discloses a high-frequency transformer and a device for measuring magnetic flux density in the high-frequency transformer. The device comprises an auxiliary magnetic core, a driving circuit module and a magnetic flux density determining module, wherein the auxiliary magnetic core is arranged on the side of a main magnetic core of a high-frequency transformer to be detected, the magnetic flux of the auxiliary magnetic core is not parallel to the magnetic flux of the main magnetic core, each auxiliary magnetic core is driven by two staggered half-bridges through shifting the phase by 90 degrees, each bridge passes through the corresponding auxiliary magnetic core to pass current and is rectified by a rectifier bridge circuit, and then the magnetic flux density determining module converts the current output by the rectifier bridge circuit into a voltage signal and obtains the corresponding main magnetic core magnetic flux density value based on the voltage signal; the device realizes continuous monitoring of the magnetic flux state of the main magnetic core, has simple structure, can avoid increasing the loss of the magnetic core and changing the topology of the transformer, and has the advantages of low loss and low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of transformers, in particular to a high-frequency transformer and a device for measuring magnetic flux density in the high-frequency transformer.
Background
A semiconductor switch is arranged in the isolation or high step-up ratio DC-DC converter to provide AC excitation for the transformer. Phenomena such as mismatched on/off times, semiconductor forward voltage drops, gate drive signal delays, insufficient Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) resolution, or pulsating loads, all result in a difference of seconds between the positive and negative voltages applied to the transformer. This results in a dc voltage component being generated at the transformer terminals, thereby generating an unwanted dc magnetic flux density component in the transformer core.
By this dc magnetic flux density component, the core can be easily driven out of the linear region of the B-H curve, resulting in a high peak nonlinear magnetizing current. This results in increased conduction and switching losses, resulting in reduced efficiency and higher semiconductor and transformer operating temperatures, which may ultimately damage the converter. In addition, the dc bias flux density waveform results in higher core losses, further reducing the efficiency of the converter. For these reasons, it is necessary to ensure that the transformer operates under equilibrium conditions, i.e., with zero dc flux density component. It is worth noting that if a balanced operation of the core flux density is ensured, a transformer can be designed with a low flux density over-dimension, which means that its magnetic cross-section and its volume are reduced, thereby increasing the power density of the converter.
In order to ensure the balanced operation of the magnetic flux, the main problems to be solved are: measurement of the magnetic flux state inside the magnetic core and balancing of the magnetic flux. The existing detection technology comprises the following steps: saturation detection, dynamic flux measurement, excitation current measurement, quadrature flux detection, converter current measurement, flux observer, hall sensor, and flux grid measurement principles. Some of these approaches are not suitable for high efficiency applications, increase core losses, and some change topology, increasing cost and complexity.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a high-frequency transformer and a device for measuring the magnetic flux density in the high-frequency transformer, and solves the technical problem of low-loss and low-cost measurement of the magnetic flux density in the high-frequency transformer.
The invention provides a device for measuring the magnetic flux density in a high-frequency transformer, which comprises two auxiliary magnetic cores, a driving circuit module and a magnetic flux density determining module;
the auxiliary magnetic core is wound with a coil and arranged on the main magnetic core side of the high-frequency transformer to be measured, and the magnetic flux of the auxiliary magnetic core is not parallel to the magnetic flux of the main magnetic core;
the driving circuit module comprises a rectifier bridge circuit and two half-bridge circuits which are arranged in a staggered mode and mutually shifted by 90 degrees; each of the half-bridge circuits is connected to and drives one of the auxiliary cores to pass current through the connected auxiliary core; the rectifier bridge circuit comprises two output diode rectifier bridge circuits connected in series, and each output diode rectifier bridge circuit is connected with one half-bridge circuit through a current transformer and used for rectifying current detected by the current transformer;
the magnetic flux density determining module is used for converting the current output by the rectifier bridge circuit into a voltage signal and obtaining a corresponding main magnetic core magnetic flux density value based on the voltage signal.
According to an aspect of the first aspect of the present invention, the magnetic flux of the auxiliary core is orthogonal to the magnetic flux of the main core.
According to a mode of the first aspect of the present invention, a plurality of sets of coils having the same number of turns are wound on the auxiliary magnetic core, and the winding directions of every two adjacent sets of coils are opposite.
According to one possible mode of the first aspect of the present invention, the auxiliary core is a C-shaped core.
According to one mode of the first aspect of the present invention, the length of the auxiliary core is a maximum allowable length, the width of the auxiliary core is a maximum allowable width, and the height of the auxiliary core is a minimum allowable height.
According to one enabling manner of the first aspect of the present invention, the magnetic flux density determining module includes a DSP controller, a filter, and a magnetic flux density determining unit;
the DSP controller is used for converting the voltage signal into a digital signal;
the filter is used for storing and filtering the sampling value of the DSP controller;
and the magnetic flux density determining unit is used for acquiring the corresponding magnetic flux density value of the main magnetic core according to the filtered sampling value.
According to one possible implementation of the first aspect of the present invention, the sampling frequency of the DSP controller is greater than the excitation frequency of the main core.
According to one possible mode of the first aspect of the present invention, the magnetic flux density determining unit is provided with a magnetic flux density lookup table.
A second aspect of the present invention provides a high-frequency transformer including the high-frequency transformer internal magnetic flux density measuring apparatus according to any one of the realizable manners described above.
According to a manner that can be realized in the second aspect of the present invention, the high frequency transformer further includes a PI controller and a PWM modulator that are connected, where the PI controller is connected to a magnetic flux density measuring device in the high frequency transformer;
the PI controller is used for outputting an additional duty ratio of the direct-current voltage applied to the primary winding of the main magnetic core;
the PWM modulator is used for regulating the voltage applied to the primary winding of the main magnetic core according to the additional duty ratio.
According to the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
the device comprises an auxiliary magnetic core, a driving circuit module and a magnetic flux density determining module, wherein the auxiliary magnetic core is arranged on the side of a main magnetic core of a high-frequency transformer to be detected, the magnetic flux of the auxiliary magnetic core is not parallel to the magnetic flux of the main magnetic core, each auxiliary magnetic core is driven by two staggered half-bridges through shifting the phase by 90 degrees, each bridge passes through the corresponding auxiliary magnetic core to pass current and is rectified by a rectifier bridge circuit, and then the magnetic flux density determining module converts the current output by the rectifier bridge circuit into a voltage signal and obtains the corresponding main magnetic core magnetic flux density value based on the voltage signal; the auxiliary magnetic core and the main magnetic core share the magnetic circuit, the driving circuit acquires a signal inversely proportional to the winding inductance in the auxiliary magnetic core, and then the magnetic flux density value of the main magnetic core is acquired according to the signal, so that the continuous monitoring of the magnetic flux state of the main magnetic core is realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive exercise.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a magnetic flux density measuring apparatus in a high-frequency transformer according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a driving circuit module driving an auxiliary core according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of equivalent dimensions of an auxiliary core design according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the reference numerals:
1-an auxiliary magnetic core; 2-a driving circuit module; 3-a magnetic flux density determination module; 4-a main magnetic core; 21-a rectifier bridge circuit; 22-half bridge circuit; 210-diode rectifier bridge circuit; 211-current transformer.
Detailed Description
The embodiment of the invention provides a high-frequency transformer and a device for measuring magnetic flux density in the high-frequency transformer, which are used for solving the technical problem of low-loss and low-cost measurement of the magnetic flux density in the high-frequency transformer.
In order to make the objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the embodiments described below are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, an apparatus for measuring magnetic flux density in a high frequency transformer according to the present invention includes two auxiliary magnetic cores 1, a driving circuit module 2 and a magnetic flux density determining module 3;
the auxiliary magnetic core 1 is wound with a coil and is arranged on the side of the main magnetic core 4 of the high-frequency transformer to be measured, and the magnetic flux of the auxiliary magnetic core 1 is not parallel to the magnetic flux of the main magnetic core 4.
The driving circuit module 2 comprises a rectifier bridge circuit 21 and two half-bridge circuits 22 which are arranged in a staggered mode and are phase-shifted by 90 degrees from each other; each of the half-bridge circuits 22 connects and drives one of the auxiliary cores 1 to pass a current through the connected auxiliary core 1; the rectifier bridge circuit 21 comprises two output diode rectifier bridge circuits 210 connected in series, and each output diode rectifier bridge circuit 210 is connected with one half-bridge circuit 22 through a current transformer 211 so as to rectify the current detected by the current transformer 211;
the magnetic flux density determining module 3 is configured to convert the current output by the rectifier bridge circuit 21 into a voltage signal, and obtain a magnetic flux density value of the corresponding main core 4 based on the voltage signal.
In the embodiment of the invention, the auxiliary magnetic core 1 is arranged on the main magnetic core 4, shares a part of magnetic circuit with the main magnetic core 4, and reflects the running state of the main magnetic core 4 in real time by combining with a high-frequency driving signal. Since the auxiliary magnetic core 1 and the main magnetic core 4 share a part of the magnetic circuit, the change of the magnetic resistance in the magnetic circuit will cause the change of the inductance value of the winding on the auxiliary magnetic core 1, therefore, the dynamic change waveform of the magnetic flux in the main magnetic core 4 can be obtained by measuring the inductance value of the winding on the auxiliary magnetic core 1. Based on the sampling to drive the full bridge switches, a signal can be constructed that is proportional to the dc magnetic flux density component inside the core. The signal can be used for testing the step change of the direct current component reference component and closed loop compensation under external direct current magnetic flux disturbance so as to avoid direct current magnetization of the transformer core.
In order to measure the inductance value from the auxiliary core 1, the embodiment of the present invention drives the auxiliary core 1 using a high frequency excitation voltage of a constant magnitude, and thus, the peak value of the current output from the rectifier bridge circuit 21 is inversely proportional to the inductance value thereof. This current is then rectified and filtered, generating a low frequency signal, directly related to the inductance value of the auxiliary core 1 and therefore to the magnetization state of the main core 4.
The filtering stage of the output of the driving circuit determines the bandwidth of the measuring device, and in order to improve this bandwidth limitation, the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention designs a special driving circuit. The drive circuit drives each auxiliary core 1 with a 90 ° phase shift by two interleaved half-bridges, each bridge passing current through the corresponding auxiliary core 1. The currents are detected using the current transformers 211, respectively, and then rectified by a diode bridge. The output diode rectifiers are connected in series to generate phase-shifted currents to compensate for ripple in the output signal, reducing the required output filter capacitance and thereby increasing the bandwidth of the measurement device.
The placement of the auxiliary core 1 determines the flux coupling of the main core 4 with the windings of the auxiliary core 1. The auxiliary core 1 provides a parallel magnetic path for the magnetic flux in the main core 4, and thus, an induced voltage due to the main core 4 is encountered in the winding of the auxiliary core 1. In this embodiment, the magnetic flux of the auxiliary core 1 is not parallel to the magnetic flux of the main core 4, so that the coupling between the magnetic flux of the main core 4 and the winding of the auxiliary core 1 can be reduced.
In a preferred embodiment, the magnetic flux of the auxiliary core 1 is orthogonal to the magnetic flux of the main core 4.
In one way, the auxiliary magnetic core 1 is wound with a plurality of groups of coils with the same number of turns, and the winding directions of every two adjacent groups of coils are opposite, so as to further improve the decoupling of the magnetic flux from the main magnetic core 4. Wherein almost the same voltage is induced by the windings on the auxiliary magnetic core 1, and the induced voltages can be practically cancelled by arranging the winding directions of every two adjacent groups of coils to be opposite. In a preferred embodiment, two sets of coils with the same number of turns are wound on the auxiliary magnetic core 1, and the winding directions of the two sets of coils are opposite.
The size and magnetic characteristics of the auxiliary core 1 directly affect the magnitude of the inductance value and thus the output voltage value. To improve the sensitivity of the measurement results, optimal dimensions and magnetic properties should be set.
In one possible implementation, as shown in fig. 3, the auxiliary core 1 is a C-shaped core.
According to the magneto-resistance equivalent model of the material, the following steps are obtained:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
for the magnetic resistance of the magnetic circuit shared by the auxiliary core 1 and the main core 4,
in order to assist the magnetic resistance of the magnetic core 1,
in order to share the length of the magnetic path between the auxiliary core 1 and the main core 4,
for the length of the magnetic path of the auxiliary core 1,
in order to achieve a magnetic permeability in a vacuum,
as the relative permeability of the main magnetic core 4,
in order to assist the relative permeability of the magnetic core 1,
in order to share the relative cross-sectional area of the magnetic circuit,
the relative cross-sectional area of the auxiliary magnetic core 1;
the total magnetic resistance of the auxiliary core 1 and the common magnetic circuit is:
namely, it is
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
for the total magnetic resistance of the auxiliary core 1 and the common magnetic path,
in order to equalize the total length of the magnetic circuit,
in order to have an equivalent magnetic permeability,
is an equivalent cross-sectional area;
the inductance value that the driving circuit module 2 can measure is:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the total number of turns;
in order to ensure the accuracy of the measurement result, the relative permeability of the main magnetic core 4 is measured
When the inductance value of the auxiliary core 1 is lowered by half, the inductance value is lowered and changedRate, i.e.
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
showing the rate of change of the decrease in the inductance value of the auxiliary core 1,
is the relative permeability of the main magnetic core 4
The inductance value before dropping by half is decreased,
is the relative permeability of the main magnetic core 4
The inductance value after half reduction;
the following can be derived from the above formula:
if it is necessary to improve the sensitivity of the magnetic flux density measuring device in the high-frequency transformer of the present embodiment, it is required to improve the sensitivity
Maximum, i.e. required
Far greater than
。
To ensure the sensitivity of the device of the present embodiment, the size and the magnetic characteristics of the auxiliary core 1 are set according to the present embodiment based on the following principle:
Height
is as small as possible, which can be reduced
Thereby reducing the length of
A value of (d);
width of
Must be wide enough to ensure the cross-sectional area of the auxiliary magnetic core 1
Is large enough to reduce
The value of (c).
Length of
Must be long enough, preferably close to the length of the main core 4
Thus assisting the cross-sectional area of the magnetic core 1
Is large enough to reduce
The value of (c).
Relative permeability of the auxiliary core 1
Must also be large enough to be sufficiently small
A value of (d);
the air between the main core 4 and the auxiliary core 1, which affects the sensitivity of the sensor, is reduced as much as possible.
Wherein the number of turns of the auxiliary magnetic core 1
Only the absolute value of the inductance of the auxiliary core 1 is affected, but the sensitivity of the sensor is not affected. In the context of figure 3, it is shown,
the magnitude of the value has a large influence on the sensitivity when
With smaller values, the length of the magnetic circuit is shared
Will shrink, at which time the sensitivity of the sensor will depend on the auxiliary core reluctance
(ii) a When in use
At higher values, the cross-sectional area of the common magnetic path
Will obviously increase the magnetic resistance of the shared magnetic circuit
Will be reduced, reducing the sensitivity of the measuring device.
According to the above analysis of the size and magnetic characteristics of the auxiliary core 1, in one possible implementation, the length of the auxiliary core 1 is the maximum allowable length, the width of the auxiliary core 1 is the maximum allowable width, and the height of the auxiliary core 1 is the minimum allowable height.
Wherein the maximum allowable length, the maximum allowable width and the minimum allowable height are specifically determined according to the spatial condition in which the auxiliary core 1 can be placed in the transformer.
In one possible implementation, the magnetic flux density determination module 3 includes a DSP controller, a filter, and a magnetic flux density determination unit;
the DSP controller is used for converting the voltage signal into a digital signal;
the filter is used for storing and filtering the sampling value of the DSP controller;
and the magnetic flux density determining unit is used for acquiring the corresponding magnetic flux density value of the main magnetic core 4 according to the filtered sampling value.
The output signal varies with the change in the magnetization state of the main core 4, and this signal can be sampled at a high sampling rate. In one implementation, the sampling frequency of the DSP controller is greater than the excitation frequency of the main core 4.
Wherein the magnetic flux density determining unit is provided with a magnetic flux density lookup table.
The invention also provides a high-frequency transformer, which comprises the magnetic flux density measuring device in the high-frequency transformer according to any one of the embodiments.
In an implementation manner, the high-frequency transformer further comprises a PI controller and a PWM modulator which are connected, and the PI controller is connected with a magnetic flux density measuring device in the high-frequency transformer;
the PI controller is used for outputting an additional duty ratio of direct-current voltage applied to a primary winding of the main magnetic core 4;
the PWM modulator is used to regulate the voltage applied to the primary winding of the main core 4 according to the additional duty cycle.
In the embodiment of the invention, the PI controller outputs corresponding additional duty ratio according to the measurement result of the magnetic flux density measurement device in the high-frequency transformer, and then the PWM modulator adjusts the voltage applied to the primary winding of the main magnetic core 4, thereby realizing closed-loop magnetic flux balance control and ensuring that the transformer iron core operates in a safe magnetic flux density value range.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The device for measuring the magnetic flux density in the high-frequency transformer is characterized by comprising two auxiliary magnetic cores, a driving circuit module and a magnetic flux density determining module;
the auxiliary magnetic core is wound with a coil and arranged on the main magnetic core side of the high-frequency transformer to be measured, and the magnetic flux of the auxiliary magnetic core is not parallel to the magnetic flux of the main magnetic core;
the driving circuit module comprises a rectifier bridge circuit and two half-bridge circuits which are arranged in a staggered mode and mutually shifted by 90 degrees; each of the half-bridge circuits is connected to and drives one of the auxiliary cores to pass current through the connected auxiliary core; the rectifier bridge circuit comprises two output diode rectifier bridge circuits connected in series, and each output diode rectifier bridge circuit is connected with one half-bridge circuit through a current transformer and used for rectifying current detected by the current transformer;
the magnetic flux density determining module is used for converting the current output by the rectifier bridge circuit into a voltage signal and obtaining a corresponding main magnetic core magnetic flux density value based on the voltage signal.
2. The apparatus for measuring magnetic flux density in a high frequency transformer according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic flux of said auxiliary core is orthogonal to the magnetic flux of said main core.
3. The apparatus for measuring magnetic flux density in a high frequency transformer according to claim 2, wherein a plurality of sets of coils having the same number of turns are wound around the auxiliary core, and the winding directions of each two adjacent sets of coils are opposite.
4. The apparatus for measuring magnetic flux density in a high frequency transformer according to claim 1, wherein said auxiliary core is a C-shaped core.
5. The apparatus for measuring magnetic flux density in a high frequency transformer according to claim 4, wherein the length of said auxiliary core is a maximum allowable length, the width of said auxiliary core is a maximum allowable width, and the height of said auxiliary core is a minimum allowable height.
6. The magnetic flux density measuring device in the high-frequency transformer according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic flux density determining module includes a DSP controller, a filter, and a magnetic flux density determining unit;
the DSP controller is used for converting the voltage signal into a digital signal;
the filter is used for storing and filtering the sampling value of the DSP controller;
and the magnetic flux density determining unit is used for acquiring the corresponding main magnetic core magnetic flux density value according to the filtered sampling value.
7. The apparatus for measuring magnetic flux density in a high frequency transformer according to claim 6, wherein the sampling frequency of said DSP controller is greater than the excitation frequency of said main core.
8. The magnetic flux density measuring apparatus in a high frequency transformer according to claim 6, wherein said magnetic flux density determining unit is provided with a magnetic flux density look-up table.
9. A high-frequency transformer, characterized in that it comprises the magnetic flux density measuring apparatus in a high-frequency transformer according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. The high-frequency transformer according to claim 9, further comprising a PI controller and a PWM modulator connected, wherein the PI controller is connected to the magnetic flux density measuring device in the high-frequency transformer;
the PI controller is used for outputting an additional duty ratio of the direct-current voltage applied to the primary winding of the main magnetic core;
the PWM modulator is used for regulating the voltage applied to the primary winding of the main magnetic core according to the additional duty ratio.
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