CN114113331A - System and method for measuring longitudinal wave sound velocity distribution of material - Google Patents
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013142 basic testing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/07—Analysing solids by measuring propagation velocity or propagation time of acoustic waves
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/01—Indexing codes associated with the measuring variable
- G01N2291/011—Velocity or travel time
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/023—Solids
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
- G01N2291/042—Wave modes
- G01N2291/0421—Longitudinal waves
Abstract
The invention provides a system and a method for measuring the sound velocity distribution of longitudinal waves of a material, which comprises an ultrasonic signal transmitting and receiving unit, a workpiece to be detected, an ultrasonic liquid coupling unit, a plane scanning mechanism and a signal processing and displaying unit, wherein the ultrasonic signal transmitting and receiving unit comprises an ultrasonic transmitting transducer, an ultrasonic receiving transducer and an ultrasonic signal acquisition device; the method can conveniently and quickly measure the longitudinal wave sound velocity and the distribution condition of the workpiece under the condition that the thickness distribution of the workpiece in a detected point or a detected area is not predicted, and provides a high-precision, high-efficiency and reliable method for quickly knowing the sound velocity and the distribution condition of the material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nondestructive testing, in particular to a system and a method for measuring longitudinal wave sound velocity distribution of a material.
Background
The material sound velocity is the velocity of sound waves when the sound waves are transmitted in the material, and is also the visual representation of the consistency of material characteristics, so that the rapid judgment of the consistency in the material can be obtained by measuring the longitudinal wave sound velocity distribution condition of the material by using a specific method.
The commonly used method for measuring the sound velocity of a material usually needs to predict the thickness of the material, select a specific sound wave signal according to a certain flow, measure the propagation time of the sound wave within a known distance, and then calculate the sound velocity of the material.
For samples with smaller dimensions, the thickness value can be usually obtained intuitively through a geometric measuring tool, so the method is simple and easy to implement; however, for some samples with large size or complex structure, the method may be limited by the size or structure of the workpiece, and it is difficult to obtain the thickness information through the geometric gauge.
The thickness of the workpiece can be obtained to a certain extent by using an ultrasonic thickness gauge, but the principle of the thickness gauge for measuring the thickness is basically the same as that of the measuring method, except that the thickness measurement is to calculate the thickness by knowing the sound velocity and the time, and the sound velocity measurement is to calculate the sound velocity by the thickness and the time.
How to get rid of the dependency on the thickness information and realize the measurement of the sound velocity of the material at a certain point or even in a certain area, and thus the distribution of the sound velocity in a certain area of the workpiece is obtained, which is very necessary to know the processing and manufacturing process conditions of the workpiece.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a system and a method for measuring longitudinal wave sound velocity distribution of a material.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a system for measuring the longitudinal wave sound velocity distribution of a material is characterized by comprising an ultrasonic signal transmitting and receiving unit, a workpiece to be detected, an ultrasonic liquid coupling unit, a plane scanning mechanism and a signal processing and displaying unit, wherein the ultrasonic signal transmitting and receiving unit comprises an ultrasonic transmitting transducer, an ultrasonic receiving transducer and an ultrasonic signal acquisition device;
the ultrasonic liquid coupling unit comprises coupling liquid and a container for storing the coupling liquid, the ultrasonic transmitting transducer transmits ultrasonic signals, the signals reach the ultrasonic receiving transducer after being coupled through the liquid or reach the ultrasonic receiving transducer after penetrating through the inside of a workpiece and being coupled through the liquid, and the ultrasonic receiving transducer receives the ultrasonic signals from the ultrasonic transmitting transducer;
further, the coupling liquid is water or oil, and the ultrasonic transmitting transducer, the ultrasonic receiving transducer and the workpiece to be detected are immersed in the coupling liquid.
Furthermore, the signal processing and displaying unit is combined with the geometric coordinate data of the plane scanning mechanism, and the coordinates are in one-to-one correspondence with the longitudinal wave sound velocity values under the coordinate data, so that the display of the point cloud picture is realized.
A method for determining the longitudinal sound velocity distribution of a material, comprising the steps of:
step S1), arranging a test environment to make the main sound beam of the sound field emitted by the ultrasonic transmitting transducer and the ultrasonic receiving transducer on the same axis;
step S2) the transmitting transducer transmits sound waves, the receiving transducer receives direct signals, and the time difference t between the transmitting signals and the receiving signals is recorded0；
Step S3) placing the workpiece between the transmitting transducer and the receiving transducer to ensure that the thickness direction of the workpiece is consistent with the propagation direction of the sound wave; if the workpiece has an angle deviation with the main beam axis of the transmitting transducer, recording the angle deviation value theta0；
Step S4) recording the signal of the receiving transducer directly penetrating through the workpiece and the signal after the signal is reflected in the workpiece for 2N times, and calculating the time difference t between the two signals and the transmitted signal1And t2；
Step S5) calculating the scaling factor
Step S6) according to the longitudinal wave sound velocity c of the coupling liquid0Substituting into formula to obtain longitudinal wave sound velocity at incident point in workpiece
Step S7), sound velocity distribution data in the region to be detected of the workpiece are obtained through a scanning device, and the data correspond to the space geometric information to form a point cloud picture.
Furthermore, in step S1, the method for aligning the transmitting transducer and the receiving transducer on the same axis is to adjust the directions of the transmitting transducer and the receiving transducer, and satisfy the condition when the energy value is the highest.
Further, the step S1 includes selecting appropriate detection parameters of the system according to the properties and requirements of the workpiece to be inspected, wherein the detection parameters include the frequency of the transmitting transducer and parameter compensation, and the parameter compensation is specific to the attenuation properties and environment of the workpiece.
Further, in the step S2, t is calculated0Is selected as the previous 0-point-crossing signal that reaches the maximum echo.
Further, in step S3, the workpiece is placed between the transmitting transducer and the receiving transducer, specifically, the distance between the transmitting transducer and the workpiece is greater than the near-field distance, and the receiving transducer does not collide when moving relative to the workpiece.
Further, the step S5 specifically includes obtaining a propagation path of the acoustic wave in the coupling liquid and the workpiece
Wherein, c1Is the longitudinal wave velocity, θ, in the workpiece1The refraction angle of the sound wave after the sound wave is incident to the workpiece;
defining a scaling factor
Further, in step S7, when data of all defined points in the region to be detected of the workpiece are acquired and processed, the sound velocity at any point in the XY plane is obtained through interpolation fitting, and the scanning is finished to form a corresponding sound velocity distribution map of the whole region.
The method can conveniently and quickly measure the longitudinal wave sound velocity and the distribution condition of the workpiece under the condition that the thickness distribution of the workpiece in a detected point or a detected area is not predicted, and provides a high-precision, high-efficiency and reliable method for quickly knowing the sound velocity and the distribution condition of the material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a system configuration diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the system implementation of the present invention
Fig. 3 is a direct layout view of a transmitting transducer and a receiving transducer in a coupling fluid of the system of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1 ultrasonic signal transmitting and receiving unit, 2 workpiece to be detected, 3 ultrasonic liquid coupling unit, 4 plane scanning mechanism,
5 signal processing and displaying unit, 11 ultrasonic transmitting transducer, 12 ultrasonic receiving transducer,
13 ultrasonic signal acquisition device, 31 coupling liquid and 32 container.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention discloses a system for measuring the sound velocity distribution of longitudinal waves of a material, which comprises an ultrasonic signal transmitting and receiving unit 1, a workpiece 2 to be detected, an ultrasonic liquid coupling unit 3, a plane scanning mechanism 4 and a signal processing and displaying unit 5, wherein the ultrasonic signal transmitting and receiving unit 1 comprises an ultrasonic transmitting transducer 11, an ultrasonic receiving transducer 12 and an ultrasonic signal acquisition device 13, the plane scanning mechanism 4 is connected with the workpiece 2 to be detected, the plane scanning mechanism 4 is respectively connected with the ultrasonic transmitting transducer 11 and the ultrasonic receiving transducer 12, and the ultrasonic transmitting transducer 11 and the ultrasonic receiving transducer 12 move synchronously as shown in figure 1.
The ultrasonic liquid coupling unit 3 comprises a coupling liquid 31 and a container 32 for storing the coupling liquid, the ultrasonic transmitting transducer 11 transmits ultrasonic signals, the signals reach the ultrasonic receiving transducer 12 after being coupled by the liquid or reach the ultrasonic receiving transducer 12 after penetrating through the inside of a workpiece and being coupled by the liquid, and the ultrasonic receiving transducer 12 receives the ultrasonic signals from the ultrasonic transmitting transducer 11;
the signal processing and displaying unit 5 is combined with the geometric coordinate data of the plane scanning mechanism 4, and the coordinates are in one-to-one correspondence with the longitudinal wave sound velocity values under the coordinate data, so that the point cloud picture is displayed.
As shown in fig. 3, initially, the coupling liquid 31 is water or oil, and the ultrasonic transmitting transducer 11, the ultrasonic receiving transducer 12 and the workpiece 2 to be detected are all immersed in the coupling liquid 31, so as to form a stable sound propagation environment. The transmitting transducer and the receiving transducer are both fixed on a plane scanning mechanism 4 system, so that the movement of an XY plane, the rotation around two axial directions and the stepping of a longitudinal Z axis can be realized, and the operation is completed by the plane scanning mechanism 4.
The invention also discloses a method for measuring the longitudinal wave sound velocity distribution of the material, which comprises the following steps as shown in figure 2:
step S1) arranges the basic test environment so that the main beam of the sound field emitted by the transmitting transducer is substantially on the same axis as the receiving transducer, i.e. the transmitting and receiving transducers are adjusted in each direction to find the highest energy value.
For a general detection condition, before the sound velocity measurement is started, according to the property and the requirement of a workpiece to be detected, proper detection parameters of a system are selected, such as the frequency of a transmitting transducer, attenuation properties of the workpiece and environment-related parameter compensation.
Step S2) referring to fig. 3, the transmitting transducer is first excited to generate sound waves in the coupling liquid, the receiving transducer receives the direct signal, and the signal processing and display unit records the time difference t between the transmitted signal and the received signal recorded by the ultrasonic signal acquisition device0To ensure the accuracy of the measurement, t is calculated0The characteristic points of (2) are uniformly selected as the previous 0-point-crossing signal reaching the maximum echo.
Step S3) the workpiece is placed at a proper distance between the transmitting transducer and the receiving transducer, the distance between the transmitting transducer and the workpiece is ensured to be larger than the distance between the near sound field, the scanning device is convenient to carry the transmitting transducer and the receiving transducer to move safely relative to the workpiece without accidental collision, the relative position of the workpiece can be any position of a far field between the transducers, but the thickness direction of the workpiece is ensured to be basically consistent with the sound wave propagation direction.
The workpiece is fixed on the carrying frame, the degree of freedom and the controlled mode of the frame are consistent with those of the transducer, and the realization of more relative positions of the workpiece and the transducer can be met. If the workpiece has an angle deviation with the main sound beam axis of the transmitting transducer, recording the angle deviation value theta0Here theta0The first critical angle of the workpiece material must not be exceeded and the workpiece material properties can be known in advance and the first critical angle of the material estimated.
Declination angle theta0The preset value is 0 degrees, so that redundant signal interference and wave mode conversion can be avoided, and the calculation process is simplified.
Step S4) presetting a corresponding scanning mode and acquisition density, such as scanning path length, line stepping or angle stepping, and starting scanning. The transmitting array element and the receiving array element move synchronously, the array element signal processing and displaying unit selects the signal of the receiving transducer directly penetrating through the workpiece and the signal of the signal reflected for 2N times in the workpiece through the gate frame, and respectively records the time difference t between the two signals and the transmitting signal1And t2. The relative positions between the transducers and the workpiece must be kept constant throughout this process.
Step S5) obtaining the propagation path of the sound wave in the coupling liquid and the workpiece
Wherein t is0，t1And t2The concept of (c) has been defined above, assuming that c1Is the longitudinal wave velocity in the workpiece, then θ1The refraction angle of the sound wave after the sound wave is incident to the workpiece. Defining the proportionality coefficient α as:
according to snell's law:
step S6) can derive the sound velocity c of the workpiece at this point from the above equation1Comprises the following steps:
step S7), during scanning, the signal processing and display unit calculates the time data collected on the scanning path and records the track coordinate, thereby obtaining the longitudinal wave sound velocity value of the point. Furthermore, the signal processing and display unit is combined with the geometric coordinate data of the plane scanning mechanism, and the geometric coordinate data are in one-to-one correspondence with the longitudinal wave sound velocity values under the coordinate points, so that the point cloud chart is displayed. When the data of all the defined points in the area are acquired and processed, any point (X) in the XY plane can be obtained through interpolation fittingi,Yi) Speed of sound of
And after scanning is finished, forming a corresponding sound velocity distribution map of the whole area, and further extracting information locally and optimizing and adjusting according to the requirement.
Example 1
The system and the method are adopted to measure the sound velocity distribution of the material under the condition that the workpiece is perpendicular to the main propagation direction of the longitudinal wave. The detected object is a steel plate with unknown thickness and sound velocity, the coupling liquid is water, the longitudinal wave sound velocity is 1483m/s, the distance between the transmitting transducer and the receiving transducer is 100mm, and the nominal frequency of the transducers is 2.25 MHz. When no workpiece is between the transmitting transducer and the receiving transducer, the time t of the sound wave propagating from the transmitting transducer to the receiving transducer is recorded067.4 μ s; placing the workpiece to be measured at a position about 30mm away from the transmitting transducer, exciting again and receiving signals, capturing the direct penetrating wave and the penetrating wave reflected for 2 times in the workpiece, and respectively recording the time t1＝47.2μs，t260.8 μ s, then the formula can be followed:
the theoretical sound velocity value of the point is 5900 m/s.
Example 2
By adopting the system angle longitudinal wave workpiece sound velocity detection, the detected object is an unknown thick aluminum plate, the coupling liquid is water, the longitudinal wave sound velocity is 1483m/s, the distance between the transmitting transducer and the receiving transducer is 100mm, and the nominal frequency of the transducers is 2.25 MHz. When no workpiece is between the transmitting transducer and the receiving transducer, the time t of the sound wave propagating from the transmitting transducer to the receiving transducer is recorded0Setting the workpiece to be measured at a distance of about 30mm from the transmitting transducer for 67.4 mus, recording the offset angle of the workpiece by 2 degrees, exciting again and receiving signals, capturing the direct penetrating wave and the penetrating wave after 2 times of reflection in the workpiece, and recording the time t respectively1＝46.8μs，t2＝59.6μs，
Then from the formula:
the theoretical speed of sound value at this point is 6320 m/s.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A system for measuring the longitudinal wave sound velocity distribution of a material is characterized by comprising an ultrasonic signal transmitting and receiving unit, a workpiece to be detected, an ultrasonic liquid coupling unit, a plane scanning mechanism and a signal processing and displaying unit, wherein the ultrasonic signal transmitting and receiving unit comprises an ultrasonic transmitting transducer, an ultrasonic receiving transducer and an ultrasonic signal acquisition device;
the ultrasonic liquid coupling unit comprises coupling liquid and a container for storing the coupling liquid, the ultrasonic transmitting transducer transmits ultrasonic signals, the signals reach the ultrasonic receiving transducer after being coupled through the liquid or reach the ultrasonic receiving transducer after penetrating through the inside of a workpiece and being coupled through the liquid, and the ultrasonic receiving transducer receives the ultrasonic signals from the ultrasonic transmitting transducer.
2. The system for measuring the distribution of the longitudinal wave sound velocity of the material according to claim 1, wherein the coupling liquid is water or oil, and the ultrasonic transmitting transducer, the ultrasonic receiving transducer and the workpiece to be detected are immersed in the coupling liquid.
3. The system for measuring the longitudinal wave sound velocity distribution of the material according to claim 1, wherein the signal processing and displaying unit is used for realizing the display of the point cloud chart by combining geometric coordinate data of the plane scanning mechanism and enabling the coordinates to correspond to the longitudinal wave sound velocity values under the coordinate data one by one.
4. A method for determining the longitudinal sound velocity distribution of a material, comprising the steps of:
step S1), arranging a test environment to make the main sound beam of the sound field emitted by the ultrasonic transmitting transducer and the ultrasonic receiving transducer on the same axis;
step S2) the transmitting transducer transmits sound waves, the receiving transducer receives direct signals, and the time difference t between the transmitting signals and the receiving signals is recorded0；
Step S3) placing the workpiece between the transmitting transducer and the receiving transducer to ensure that the thickness direction of the workpiece is consistent with the propagation direction of the sound wave; if the workpiece has an angle deviation with the main beam axis of the transmitting transducer, recording the angle deviation value theta0；
Step S4) recording the signal of the receiving transducer directly penetrating the workpieceAnd the signals after the signals are reflected for 2N times in the workpiece are summed, and the time difference t between the two signals and the transmitted signals is calculated1And t2；
Step S5) calculating the scaling factor
Step S6) according to the longitudinal wave sound velocity c of the coupling liquid0Substituting into formula to obtain longitudinal wave sound velocity at incident point in workpiece
Step S7), sound velocity distribution data in the region to be detected of the workpiece are obtained through a scanning device, and the data correspond to the space geometric information to form a point cloud picture.
5. The method for determining the distribution of the sound velocity of longitudinal waves of a material according to claim 4, wherein the method for aligning the transmitting transducer and the receiving transducer on the same axis in step S1 is to adjust the directions of the transmitting transducer and the receiving transducer, and the highest energy value is satisfied.
6. The method for determining the distribution of the longitudinal acoustic velocity of materials of claim 5, wherein the step S1 further comprises selecting proper detection parameters of the system according to the properties and requirements of the workpiece to be detected, wherein the detection parameters comprise the frequency of the transmitting transducer and parameter compensation, and the parameter compensation is specific to the attenuation properties and environment of the workpiece.
7. The method for determining the distribution of the longitudinal sound velocity of a material according to claim 4, wherein in the step S2, t is calculated0Is selected as the previous 0-point-crossing signal that reaches the maximum echo.
8. The method for determining the distribution of the sound velocity of longitudinal waves of a material according to claim 4, wherein the workpiece is placed between the transmitting transducer and the receiving transducer in step S3 such that the transmitting transducer is located at a distance greater than the distance of the near-field and the receiving transducer does not collide with the workpiece when moving relative to the workpiece.
9. The method for determining the distribution of the longitudinal acoustic velocity of a material according to claim 4, wherein the step S5 specifically includes obtaining the propagation path of the acoustic wave in the coupling liquid and the workpiece
Wherein, c1Is the longitudinal wave velocity, θ, in the workpiece1The refraction angle of the sound wave after the sound wave is incident to the workpiece;
defining a scaling factor
10. The method for determining the sound velocity distribution of longitudinal waves of materials according to claim 4, wherein in step S7, when data of all defined points in the region to be detected of the workpiece are collected and processed, the sound velocity at any point in the XY plane is obtained through interpolation fitting, and the scanning is finished to form a corresponding sound velocity distribution map of the whole region.
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